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Ø TYPES OF VIRAL HEPATITIS?
· SPECIFIC:
o Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, F & G viruses.
· NON‐SPECIFIC:
1.HIV.
2.Bird flu.
3.Rift valley fever.
Ø DIAGNOSIS OF VIRAL HEPATITS?
1.History.
2.Clinical picture (jaundice & enlarged liver).
3.Investigations:
o Liver function tests.
o Hepatitis markers.
Ø CLINICAL VARIETIES OF VIRAL HEPATITIS?
1.Icteric: 3.Sub‐acute (tinge).
o Prodromal stage. 4.Fulminant.
o Jaundice. 5.Relapsing.
o Convalescence (or chronicity). 6.Cholestatic jaundice.
2.Non‐icteric (no jaundice).
Ø JAUNDICE: DEFINITION & TYPES?
· It is a yellowish discoloration of skin, sclera & m.m. when serum bilirubin exceeds 3 mg%.
· TYPES:
§ Clinically:
1.Manifest.
2.Non‐manifest.
§ Aetiologically:
1.Haemolytic.
2.Obstructive.
3.Hepatocellular.
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Ø CAUSES OF DEATH IN A CASE OF HAEMATEMESIS?
1.Hypovolemic shock.
2.Neurogenic shock.
3.Renal failure.
4.Asphyxia.
Then >> to be transferred to the hospital & … (Treatment of portal hypertension during the bleeding):
1.Resuscitation.
2.Stop the bleeding.
3.Balloon tamponade.
4.Emergency surgery.
Ø CHARACTERS OF … LIVER?
SCHISTOSOMAL
CIRRHOTIC MALIGNANT (CANCER)
(BILHARZIAL)
· Enlarged. · Variable. · Enlarged.
· Average. “Early enlarged liver but “Enlarged tender hard
SIZE · Shrunken. later on becomes liver with irregular
shrunken with irregular surface”.
surface”.
CONSISTENCY ·Firm. · Hard.
BORDER · Sharp. · Not sharp.
SURFACE
· Smooth. · Irregular (nodular). ·Irregular.
· Fine undulations.
TENDERNESS · Not tender. · Tender. · Highly tender.
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