APPENDIX i

Field Density (Undisturbed Sample)

Diameter of core-cutter = 10 cm
Height of core-cutter = 12.5 cm
Hence, volume of core-cutter = 981.25 cm3

TABLE NO.1
WEIGHT
WEIGHT OF
OF WEIGHT BULK
SAMPLE CORE
CORE OF SOIL DENSITY
NO. CUTTER+SOIL
CUTTER (g) (g/cm3)
(g)
(g)
1 755 2973 2218 2.26

Bulk Density = 2.26 g/cm3

Field Water Content (Undisturbed Sample)

TABLE NO.2

WEIGHT OF WEIGHT OF WEIGHT

WEIGHT OF MOISTURE
SAMPLE EMPTY CONTAINER OF
CONTAINER+ CONTENT
NO. CONTAINER + DRY SOIL WATER
WET SOIL (g) (%)
(g) (g) (g)
1 15.10 57.97 45.36 12.61 35
2 15.16 54.99 43.18 11.81 35
3 15.00 59.07 46.68 12.39 33.5

Thus, natural moisture content=34.5%

2.26
Hence, dry density = = 1.68 g/cm3
1  0.345

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX ii

Specific Gravity Determination

Sample No.1

MASS OF EMPTY BOTTLE (M1) = 33.10 g

MASS OF BOTTLE + MOIST SOIL (M2) = 42.20 g

MASS OF BOTTLE + MOIST SOIL + WATER (M3) = 90.36 g

MASS OF BOTTLE + WATER (M4) = 84.65 g

M 2  M1
SPECIFIC GRAVITY= = 2.69
(M 4  M1 )  (M 3  M 2 )

Sample No. 2

MASS OF EMPTY BOTTLE (M1) = 33.10 g

MASS OF BOTTLE + MOIST SOIL (M2) = 42.85 g

MASS OF BOTTLE + MOIST SOIL + WATER (M3) = 90.77 g

MASS OF BOTTLE + WATER (M4) = 84.65 g

M 2  M1
SPECIFIC GRAVITY= = 2.69
(M 4  M1 )  (M 3  M 2 )

Hence, specific gravity = 2.69

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX iii

Sieve Analysis (Untreated Soil)

Weight of soil sample = 200 g
Percentage retained = (Mass of soil retained/Total soil mass)*100
Percentage finer (N) = (100 - cumulative percentage)

TABLE NO.3
MASS
SIEVE SIZE %AGE MASS CUMULATIVE
RETAINED %AGE FINER
(mm) RETAINED %AGE
(g)
4.75 2 1 1 99
2.36 2 1 2 98
1.18 2 1 3 97
0.50 1 0.5 3.5 96.5
0.30 2 1 4.5 95.5
0.15 3 1.5 6 94
0.075 3 1.5 7.5 92.5

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

 APPENDIX iv

Hydrometer Analysis (Untreated Soil)

Mass of soil sample, MS = 50 g
Specific gravity = 2.67
Level of water in the measuring cylinder, Rw=1000 ml=1 cm3
Correction = Cm-C = 0.25-5.00 = -0.25
0.3 *
M= = 1.54*10-3
g (G  1)

 G  R
Percentage Finer =  * * 100
 G 1 M S

TABLE NO.4
CORRECTED
HYDRO
TIME Rh= HYDRO He
METER TEMP He D=M %AGE
(t) (Ro-Rw) METER t
READING (oC) (cm) FINER
(min.) *1000 READING (mm)
(Ro)
R=Rh+C
1 1.021 21.0 11 20.75 14.57 0.0588 66.35
2 1.019 19.0 11 18.75 15.33 0.0426 59.96
5 1.017 17.0 11 16.75 16.09 0.0276 53.56
10 1.015 15.0 11 14.75 16.85 0.0200 47.16
15 1.014 14.0 11 13.75 16.47 0.0161 43.97
30 1.012 12.0 11 11.75 17.99 0.0119 37.57
60 1.009 9.0 11 8.75 19.13 0.0087 27.98
120 1.007 7.0 11 6.75 19.89 0.0063 21.58
1440 1.004 4.0 11 3.75 21.03 0.0019 11.99

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX v

Atterberg’s Limits

Liquid Limit

TABLE NO.5
DETERMINATIO 1 2 3 4 5
N NO.
NO. OF BLOWS 38 32 25 18 11
WEIGHT OF
16.03 15.24 16.03 15.00 15.02
CONTAINER (g)
WEIGHT OF
CONTAINER + 45.55 35.75 37.31 42.75 48.77
WET SOIL (g)
WEIGHT OF
CONTAINER + 38.70 30.56 31.85 35.46 39.44
DRY SOIL (g)
WEIGHT OF
6.85 5.19 5.46 7.29 9.33
WATER (g)
WEIGHT OF DRY
22.67 15.32 15.82 20.46 24.42
SOIL (g)
WATER
30 34 36 35 38
CONTENT (%)

Plastic Limit

TABLE NO.6
DETERMINATION NO. 1 2
WEIGHT OF CONTAINER (g) 20.63 15.98
WEIGHT OF CONTAINER +
49.54 36.57
WET SOIL (g)
WEIGHT OF CONTAINER +
43.12 31.93
DRY SOIL (g)
WEIGHT OF WATER (g) 6.34 4.64
WEIGHT OF DRY SOIL (g) 22.49 15.95
WATER CONTENT (%) 29 29

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX vi

Shrinkage Limit

TABLE NO.7
DETERMINATION NO. 1
WEIGHT OF SHRINKAGE DISH W1 (g) 7.70
WEIGHT OF SHRINKAGE DISH + WET SOIL W2 (g) 42.40
WEIGHT OF WET SOIL IN SHRINKAGE DISH W=W2-W1 (g) 34.70
WEIGHT OF SHRINKAGE DISH + DRY SOIL W3 (g) 31.90
WEIGHT OF DRY SOIL PAT WS =W3-W1 (g) 24.20
VOLUME OF WET SOIL=VOLUME OF SHRINKAGE DISH V1 (cm3) 19.635
VOLUME OF DRY SOIL PAT V2* (cm3) 15.29
(W  WS )   W (V1  V2 )
SHRINKAGE LIMIT= 25
WS

Shrinkage Limit = 25%

Free Swell Index

Diameter of the jar = 3 cm
Height of soil in kerosene = 1.7 cm
Height of soil in water = 1.8 cm

TABLE NO.8
VOLUME OF SOIL VOLUME OF SOIL
S.NO. TIME ELAPSED IN KEROSENE (Vi) IN WATER (Vf)
(cm3) (cm3)
1 24 hrs. 12.01 12.71

V f  Vi
Thus, Free Swell Index (FSI) = * 100 = 5.8%
Vi

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX vii

Modified Proctor Test (100% Natural Soil)

Diameter of mould = 10 cm
Height of mould = 12.5 cm
Therefore, volume of mould = 981 cm3
Weight of Hammer = 4.89 kg
No. of blows per layer = 25
TABLE NO.9

DETERMINATION NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
MASS OF MOULD (g) 3385 3385 3385 3385 3385 3385 3385
MASS OF
5210 5329 5389 5410 5436 5445 5330
MOULD+COMPACTED SOIL (g)
MASS OF COMPACTED SOIL
1828 1944 2004 2025 2051 2060 1945
(g)
WEIGHT OF EMPTY
16.15 16.18 15.10 15.96 16.13 20.81 17.26
CONTAINER (g)
WEIGHT OF CONTAINER+WET
50.44 58.56 47.24 54.02 49.33 62.57 54.30
SOIL (g)
WEIGHT OF CONTAINER+DRY
48.75 55.10 44.10 50.15 45.40 56.50 48.80
SOIL (g)
MOISTURE CONTENT (%) 17 19 22 28 29 31 33
BULK DENSITY (g/cm3) 1.93 1.98 2.06 2.20 2.18 2.17 2.16
DRY DENSITY (g/cm3) 1.65 1.67 1.69 1.72 1.69 1.66 1.63

MDD = 1.72 g/cm3

OMC = 28%

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX viii

Unconfined Compression Test

Initial length of specimen = 75 mm
Initial diameter of specimen = 35 mm
Area of cross-section of specimen = 9.62 mm2
Weight of the sample = 132 g
Dry weight of sample = 96 g
L.C. of the proving ring = 0.17 kg
L.C. of strain gauge = 0.01 mm

Sample 1
TABLE NO.10
CORRECTED
STRAIN STRESS
FORCE STRAIN AREA STRESS
S.NO. DIAL DIAL
(kg) (%) (A=A0/1-ε) (kg/cm2)
GAUGE GAUGE
(cm2)
1 50 1.0 0.170 0.67 9.68 0.0176
2 100 1.5 0.255 1.34 9.75 0.0261
3 150 2.0 0.340 2.01 9.81 0.0346
4 200 3.5 0.595 2.68 9.88 0.0600
5 250 5.0 0.850 3.35 9.95 0.0850
6 300 6.0 1.020 4.02 10.02 0.1017
7 350 7.0 1.190 4.69 10.09 0.1179
8 400 9.0 1.530 5.36 10.16 0.1505
9 450 10.0 1.700 6.03 10.23 0.1660
10 500 12.0 2.040 6.70 10.30 0.1980
11 550 13.0 2.210 7.37 10.38 0.2130
12 600 15.0 2.550 8.04 10.46 0.2440
13 650 16.0 2.720 8.71 10.53 0.2583
14 700 17.0 2.890 9.38 10.61 0.2723
15 750 19.0 3.230 10.05 10.68 0.3024
16 800 20.0 3.400 10.72 10.76 0.3160
17 850 21.0 3.570 11.39 10.84 0.3293
18 900 22.0 3.740 12.06 10.93 0.3421
19 950 23.0 3.910 12.73 11.01 0.3551
20 1000 24.0 4.080 13.40 11.10 0.3675
21 1050 22.0 3.740 14.07 11.18 0.3345
22 1100 21.0 3.570 14.74 11.27 0.3168
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
APPENDIX ix

Sample 2

TABLE NO.11
CORRECTED
STRAIN STRESS
FORCE STRAIN AREA STRESS
S.NO. DIAL DIAL
(kg) (%) (A=A0/1-ε) (kg/cm2)
GAUGE GAUGE
(cm2)
1 50 1.0 0.170 0.67 9.68 0.0176
2 100 1.5 0.255 1.34 9.75 0.0262
3 150 1.5 0.255 2.01 9.81 0.0260
4 200 3.5 0.595 2.68 9.88 0.0602
5 250 5.0 0.850 3.35 9.95 0.0854
6 300 6.0 1.020 4.02 10.02 0.1018
7 350 6.0 1.020 4.69 10.09 0.1011
8 400 8.0 1.360 5.36 10.16 0.1339
9 450 10.0 1.700 6.03 10.23 0.1662
10 500 12.0 2.040 6.70 10.30 0.1981
11 550 13.0 2.210 7.37 10.38 0.2129
12 600 14.0 2.380 8.04 10.46 0.2275
13 650 15.0 2.550 8.71 10.53 0.2422
14 700 17.0 2.890 9.38 10.61 0.2724
15 750 19.0 3.230 10.05 10.68 0.3024
16 800 20.0 3.400 10.72 10.76 0.3160
17 850 21.0 3.570 11.39 10.84 0.3293
18 900 22.0 3.740 12.06 10.93 0.3422
19 950 23.0 3.910 12.73 11.01 0.3551
20 1000 24.0 4.080 13.40 11.10 0.3676
21 1050 22.0 3.740 14.07 11.18 0.3345
22 1100 21.0 3.570 14.74 11.27 0.3168

qult)sample1 = 0.3675 kg/cm2

qult)sample2 = 0.3676 kg/cm2
Hence, qult = 0.3676 kg/ cm 2
Therefore, c = qult/2 = 0.184 kg/cm2

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX x

California Bearing Ratio (100% Natural Soil)

Mould Dia = 15 cm
Mould Height = 17 cm
Volume of mould = 3002.625 cm3

TABLE NO.12
Unsoaked
PENETRATION DIAL LOAD DIAL GAUGE READING
GAUGE LC=0.01 mm LC-1 DIVN. =5.8 kg
S.NO.
PENETRATION LOAD
DGR TOP BOTTOM AVERAGE
(mm) (kg)
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 50 0.5 1.6 3.6 2.6 15.08
3 100 1.0 2 4 3 17.4
4 150 1.5 3 5 4 23.2
5 200 2.0 4 6 5 29
6 250 2.5 5 7 6 34.8
7 300 3.0 5 7 6 34.8
8 350 3.5 6 8 7 40.6
9 400 4.0 6.6 8.6 7.6 44.08
10 450 4.5 7 9 8 46.4
11 500 5.0 7 9 8 46.4
12 750 7.5 10.6 12.6 11.6 67.28
13 1000 10.0 13 15 14 81.2
14 1250 12.5 14.8 16.8 15.8 91.64
15 1500 15.0 17.6 19.6 18.6 107.88

CBR = 2.54%

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xi

California Bearing Ratio (100% Natural Soil)

Mould Dia = 15 cm
Mould Height = 17 cm
Volume of mould = 3002.625 cm3

TABLE NO.13
Soaked
PENETRATION DIAL LOAD DIAL GAUGE READING
GAUGE LC=0.01 mm LC-1 DIVN. =5.8 kg
S.NO.
PENETRATION LOAD
DGR TOP BOTTOM AVERAGE
(mm) (kg)
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 50 0.5 1 2 1.5 8.7
3 100 1.0 2 3 2.5 14.5
4 150 1.5 2.8 3.6 3.2 18.56
5 200 2.0 3.8 3.4 3.6 20.88
6 250 2.5 4.4 4.6 4.5 26.1
7 300 3.0 4.8 5 4.9 28.42
8 350 3.5 5.2 5.6 5.4 31.32
9 400 4.0 5.6 5.8 5.7 33.06
10 450 4.5 6 6 6 34.8
11 500 5.0 6.2 6.4 6.3 36.54
12 750 7.5 7 7 7 40.6
13 1000 10.0 7.4 7.6 7.5 43.5
14 1250 12.5 7.6 7.8 7.7 44.66
15 1500 15.0 8.2 8.4 8.3 48.14

CBR = 1.9%

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xii

Specific Gravity of Sand

Sample No.1

MASS OF EMPTY BOTTLE (M1) = 32.90 g

MASS OF BOTTLE + MOIST SOIL (M2) = 42.15 g

MASS OF BOTTLE + MOIST SOIL + WATER (M3) = 91.70 g

MASS OF BOTTLE + WATER (M4) = 86.00 g

M 2  M1
SPECIFIC GRAVITY= = 2.60
(M 4  M1 )  (M 3  M 2 )

Sample No.2

MASS OF EMPTY BOTTLE (M1) = 32.90 g

MASS OF BOTTLE + MOIST SOIL (M2) = 42.20 g

MASS OF BOTTLE + MOIST SOIL + WATER (M3) = 91.75 g

MASS OF BOTTLE + WATER (M4) = 86.00 g

M 2  M1
SPECIFIC GRAVITY= = 2.62
(M 4  M1 )  (M 3  M 2 )

THEREFORE, SP. GRAVITY OF SAND = 2.61

Natural Moisture Content Of Sand

Wt. Of wet sand (W1) = 500 g

Wt. Of dry sand (W2) = 484 g

Moisture content of soil = W1/W2 x 100 = 15/485 x 100 = 3.09%

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
APPENDIX xiii

Sieve Analysis (Sand)

Weight of soil sample = 500 g

Percentage retained = (Mass of soil retained/Total soil mass)*100
Percentage finer (N) = (100 - cumulative percentage)

TABLE NO.14
MASS
SIEVE SIZE %AGE MASS CUMULATIVE
RETAINED %AGE FINER
(mm) RETAINED %AGE
(g)
4.75 0 0 0 100
2.36 20.60 4.12 4.12 95.88
1.18 61.90 12.38 16.50 83.50
0.50 92.90 18.58 35.08 64.92
0.30 173 34.60 69.68 30.32
0.15 123 24.60 94.28 5.72
0.075 13.6 2.72 97.00 3.00

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xiv

Maximum and Minimum Void Ratios of Sand

1. Maximum Void Ratio (emax)

Weight of the mould (W1) = 4530 g

Weight of mould + Sand (W2) = 8416 g

Weight of sand (W2 – W1) = 3886 g

Dia of the mould = 14.5 cm

Height of the mould = 16.5 cm

Volume of the mould = 2724.65 cm3

G w
Now, emax =  1 , Where G is the Sp. Gravity of sand
d

 emax = 0.83

2. Minimum Void Ratio (emin)

Weight of the mould (W1) = 4530 g

Weight of mould + Sand (W2) = 9800 g

Weight of sand (W2 – W1) = 5270 g

Dia of the mould = 14.5 cm

Height of the mould = 16.5 cm

Volume of the mould = 2724.65 cm3

G w
Now, emin =  1 , Where G is the Sp. Gravity of sand
d

 emin = 0.35

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xv

Modified Proctor Test (25% Sand + 75% Natural Soil)

Diameter of mould = 10 cm
Height of mould = 11 cm
Therefore, volume of mould = 863.50 cm3
Weight of Hammer = 4.89 kg
No. of blows per layer = 25
TABLE NO.15

DETERMINATION NO. 1 2 3 4 5
MASS OF MOULD (g) 1978 1978 1978 1978 1978
MASS OF MOULD+COMPACTED SOIL (g) 3825 3882 3968 3934 3890
MASS OF COMPACTED SOIL (g) 1847 1904 1990 1956 1912
WEIGHT OF EMPTY CONTAINER (g) 15.90 16.40 15.50 16.10 14.50
WEIGHT OF CONTAINER+WET SOIL (g) 53.30 67.3 60.70 68.50 57.60
WEIGHT OF CONTAINER+DRY SOIL (g) 50.10 62.70 56.00 62.40 51.30
MOISTURE CONTENT (%) 19 21 23 24 26
BULK DENSITY (g/cm3) 2.10 2.13 2.19 2.17 2.15
DRY DENSITY (g/cm3) 1.74 1.76 1.78 1.75 1.71

MDD = 1.78 g/cm3

OMC = 23%

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xvi

Modified Proctor Test (50% Sand + 50% Natural Soil)

Diameter of mould = 10 cm
Height of mould = 12.5 cm
Therefore, volume of mould = 981 cm3
Weight of Hammer = 4.89 kg
No. of blows per layer = 25
TABLE NO.16

DETERMINATION NO. 1 2 3 4
MASS OF MOULD (g) 3370 3370 3370 3370
MASS OF MOULD+COMPACTED SOIL (g) 5425 5591 5565 5489
MASS OF COMPACTED SOIL (g) 2055 2221 2195 2119
WEIGHT OF EMPTY CONTAINER (g) 16.10 13.70 16.30 15.30
WEIGHT OF CONTAINER+WET SOIL (g) 49.40 56.30 63.00 62.30
WEIGHT OF CONTAINER+DRY SOIL (g) 47.50 53.00 57.60 56.30
MOISTURE CONTENT (%) 16 18.1 19 20
BULK DENSITY (g/cm3) 2.08 2.16 2.13 2.1
DRY DENSITY (g/cm3) 1.80 1.83 1.79 1.76

MDD = 1.83 g/cm3

OMC = 18.1 %

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xvii

Modified Proctor Test (62.5% Sand + 37.5% Natural Soil)

Diameter of mould = 10 cm
Height of mould = 12.5 cm
Therefore, volume of mould = 981 cm3
Weight of Hammer = 4.89 kg
No. of blows per layer = 25
TABLE NO.17

DETERMINATION NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6
MASS OF MOULD (g) 3370 3370 3370 3370 3370 3370
MASS OF MOULD+COMPACTED SOIL
5263 5445 5580 5595 5555 5510
(g)
MASS OF COMPACTED SOIL (g) 1893 2075 2210 2225 2185 2140
WEIGHT OF EMPTY CONTAINER (g) 15.80 16.40 16.00 15.40 16.00 14.90
WEIGHT OF CONTAINER+WET SOIL
56.70 59.95 60.50 57.30 56.30 58.60
(g)
WEIGHT OF CONTAINER+DRY SOIL
54.80 57.40 57.80 53.20 52.00 53.00
(g)
MOISTURE CONTENT (%) 10 12 14.4 15 16 17
BULK DENSITY (g/cm3) 2.05 2.12 2.18 2.16 2.15 2.14
DRY DENSITY (g/cm3) 1.87 1.89 1.91 1.88 1.86 1.83

MDD = 1.91 g/cm3

OMC = 14.4 %

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xviii

Modified Proctor Test (75% Sand + 25% Natural Soil)

Diameter of mould = 10 cm
Height of mould = 12.5 cm
Therefore, volume of mould = 981 cm3
Weight of Hammer = 4.89 kg
No. of blows per layer = 25
TABLE NO.18

DETERMINATION NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6
MASS OF MOULD (g) 3370 3370 3370 3370 3370 3370
MASS OF MOULD+COMPACTED SOIL
5291 5437 5600 5625 5537 5450
(g)
MASS OF COMPACTED SOIL (g) 1921 2067 2230 2255 2167 2080
WEIGHT OF EMPTY CONTAINER (g) 16.35 14.65 16.67 16.21 15.81 16.10
WEIGHT OF CONTAINER+WET SOIL
59.72 65.74 69.00 67.70 62.59 62.64
(g)
WEIGHT OF CONTAINER+DRY SOIL
58.40 62.70 64.40 63.00 57.50 55.30
(g)
MOISTURE CONTENT (%) 12 13 14 15.3 16 17
BULK DENSITY (g/cm3) 2.01 2.04 2.08 2.13 2.11 2.09
DRY DENSITY (g/cm3) 1.80 1.81 1.83 1.85 1.82 1.79

MDD = 1.85 g/cm3

OMC = 15.30 %

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xix

Modified proctor test (87.5% sand + 12.5% natural soil)

Diameter of mould = 10 cm
Height of mould = 12.5 cm
Therefore, volume of mould = 981 cm3
Weight of Hammer = 4.89 kg
No. of blows per layer = 25

TABLE NO.19
DETERMINATION NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6
MASS OF MOULD (g) 3370 3370 3370 3370 3370 3370
MASS OF MOULD+COMPACTED SOIL
5220 5415 5575 5655 5590 5520
(g)
MASS OF COMPACTED SOIL (g) 1850 2045 2205 2285 2220 2150
WEIGHT OF EMPTY CONTAINER (g) 16.03 15.74 16.29 16.88 15.25 16.10
WEIGHT OF CONTAINER+WET SOIL
64.45 59.31 69.64 74.18 79.85 65.62
(g)
WEIGHT OF CONTAINER+DRY SOIL
62.60 57.00 65.70 68.40 72.70 59.80
(g)
MOISTURE CONTENT (%) 11 12 14 16.2 17 18
BULK DENSITY (g/cm3) 1.95 1.99 2.04 2.10 2.08 2.05
DRY DENSITY (g/cm3) 1.76 1.78 1.79 1.81 1.78 1.74

MDD = 1.81 g/cm3

OMC = 16.2%

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xx

California Bearing Ratio (25% Sand + 75% Natural Soil)

Mould Dia = 15 cm
Mould Height = 17 cm
Volume of mould = 3002.625 cm3

TABLE NO. 20
Unsoaked
PENETRATION DIAL LOAD DIAL GAUGE READING
GAUGE LC=0.01 mm LC-1 DIVN. =5.8 kg
S.NO.
PENETRATION LOAD
DGR TOP BOTTOM AVERAGE
(mm) (kg)
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 50 0.5 3.1 3.2 3.15 18.27
3 100 1.0 5.2 5.4 5.3 30.74
4 150 1.5 6.8 7.4 7.1 41.18
5 200 2.0 8.4 9.2 8.8 51.04
6 250 2.5 9.6 10.2 9.9 57.42
7 300 3.0 10.6 11.4 11 63.8
8 350 3.5 11.4 11.8 11.6 67.28
9 400 4.0 11.8 12.4 12.1 70.18
10 450 4.5 12.2 13.2 12.7 73.66
11 500 5.0 12.6 13.6 13.1 75.98
12 750 7.5 13.6 15.2 14.4 83.52
13 1000 10.0 15.2 16.6 15.9 92.22
14 1250 12.5 16.8 17.4 17.1 99.18
15 1500 15.0 18.2 19 18.6 107.88

CBR = 4.2 %

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xxi

California Bearing Ratio (50% Sand + 50% Natural Soil)

Mould Dia = 15 cm
Mould Height = 17 cm
Volume of mould = 3002.625 cm3

TABLE NO.21
Unsoaked
PENETRATION DIAL LOAD DIAL GAUGE READING
GAUGE LC=0.01 mm LC-1 DIVN. =5.8 kg
S.NO.
PENETRATION LOAD
DGR TOP BOTTOM AVERAGE
(mm) (kg)
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 50 0.5 3.4 5.4 4.4 25.52
3 100 1.0 7.2 8.4 7.8 45.24
4 150 1.5 10.4 11.2 10.8 62.64
5 200 2.0 13.2 13.2 13.2 76.56
6 250 2.5 14.4 14.4 14.4 83.52
7 300 3.0 15.2 15.4 15.3 88.74
8 350 3.5 15.6 16.2 15.9 92.22
9 400 4.0 16.4 16.8 16.6 96.28
10 450 4.5 17.2 17.6 17.4 100.92
11 500 5.0 17.6 18 17.8 103.24
12 750 7.5 18.2 18.4 18.3 106.14
13 1000 10.0 18.6 18.8 18.7 108.46
14 1250 12.5 19 19 19 110.2
15 1500 15.0 20 21 20.5 118.9

CBR = 6.1 %

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xxii

California Bearing Ratio (62.5% Sand + 37.5% Natural Soil)

Mould Dia = 15 cm
Mould Height = 17 cm
Volume of mould = 3002.625 cm3

TABLE NO.22
Unsoaked
PENETRATION DIAL LOAD DIAL GAUGE READING
GAUGE LC=0.01 mm LC-1 DIVN. =5.8 kg
S.NO.
PENETRATION LOAD
DGR TOP BOTTOM AVERAGE
(mm) (kg)
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 50 0.5 6.2 7.2 6.7 38.86
3 100 1.0 9.4 10 9.7 56.26
4 150 1.5 13.2 14 13.6 78.88
5 200 2.0 15.2 16.8 16 92.8
6 250 2.5 19.4 20.6 20 116
7 300 3.0 20.6 22.4 21.5 124.7
8 350 3.5 21.6 23.2 22.4 129.92
9 400 4.0 22.4 24 23.2 134.56
10 450 4.5 24.4 24.8 24.6 142.68
11 500 5.0 24.6 25.4 25 145
12 750 7.5 27.6 28 27.8 161.24
13 1000 10.0 29.4 30.6 30 174
14 1250 12.5 30.6 31.6 31.1 180.38
15 1500 15.0 31.4 33.2 32.3 187.34

CBR = 8.5 %

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xxiii

California Bearing Ratio (75% Sand + 25% Natural Soil)

Mould Dia = 15cm
Mould Height = 17 cm
Volume of mould =3002.625 cm3

TABLE NO.23
Unsoaked
PENETRATION DIAL LOAD DIAL GAUGE READING
GAUGE LC=0.01 mm LC-1 DIVN. =5.8 kg
S.NO.
PENETRATION LOAD
DGR TOP BOTTOM AVERAGE
(mm) (kg)
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 50 0.5 3.4 6 4.7 27.26
3 100 1.0 5.2 8.6 6.9 40.02
4 150 1.5 8.6 12.2 10.4 60.32
5 200 2.0 11.2 15.6 13.4 77.72
6 250 2.5 16.4 20.8 18.6 107.88
7 300 3.0 17.6 17.8 17.7 102.66
8 350 3.5 19 19.2 19.1 110.78
9 400 4.0 20 22 21 121.8
10 450 4.5 23.4 25.4 24.4 141.52
11 500 5.0 25.2 29.6 27.4 158.92
12 750 7.5 26 30 28 162.4
13 1000 10.0 26.8 30.4 28.6 165.88
14 1250 12.5 27.2 30.8 29 168.2
15 1500 15.0 27.6 31 29.3 169.94

CBR = 7.9 %

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xxiv

California Bearing Ratio (87.5% Sand + 12.5% Natural Soil)

Mould Dia = 15 cm
Mould Height = 17 cm
Volume of mould = 3002.625 cm3

TABLE NO.24
Unsoaked
PENETRATION DIAL LOAD DIAL GAUGE READING
GAUGE LC=0.01 mm LC-1 DIVN. =5.8 kg
S.NO.
PENETRATION LOAD
DGR TOP BOTTOM AVERAGE
(mm) (kg)
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 50 0.5 2.6 4.2 3.4 19.72
3 100 1.0 4.2 7.4 5.8 33.64
4 150 1.5 6.6 9.2 7.9 45.82
5 200 2.0 11.6 15 13.3 77.14
6 250 2.5 15.8 18.4 17.1 99.18
7 300 3.0 16.2 16.6 16.4 95.12
8 350 3.5 17.2 17.6 17.4 100.92
9 400 4.0 20.8 21.8 21.3 123.54
10 450 4.5 22.4 23.4 22.9 132.82
11 500 5.0 24.2 25.8 25 145
12 750 7.5 25.2 26.2 25.7 149.06
13 1000 10.0 26.4 26.8 26.6 154.28
14 1250 12.5 27.2 27.6 27.4 158.92
15 1500 15.0 28 28.4 28.2 163.56

CBR = 7.2 %

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xxv

California Bearing Ratio (25% Sand + 75% Natural Soil)

Mould Dia = 15 cm
Mould Height = 17 cm
Volume of mould = 3002.625 cm3

TABLE NO.25
Soaked
PENETRATION DIAL LOAD DIAL GAUGE READING
GAUGE LC=0.01 mm LC-1 DIVN. =5.8 kg
S.NO.
PENETRATION LOAD
DGR TOP BOTTOM AVERAGE
(mm) (kg)
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 50 0.5 1 2.2 1.6 9.28
3 100 1.0 2.2 3.4 2.8 16.24
4 150 1.5 4.4 5.2 4.8 27.84
5 200 2.0 6.8 7.2 7 40.6
6 250 2.5 8.2 8.4 8.3 48.14
7 300 3.0 8.6 8.8 8.7 50.46
8 350 3.5 9.2 9.6 9.4 54.52
9 400 4.0 10.2 10.4 10.3 59.74
10 450 4.5 10.8 11.2 11 63.8
11 500 5.0 11.4 11.8 11.6 67.28
12 750 7.5 11.8 12 11.9 69.02
13 1000 10.0 12.6 13.2 12.9 74.82
14 1250 12.5 14 14.4 14.2 82.36
15 1500 15.0 15.4 15.8 15.6 90.48

CBR = 3.5 %

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xxvi

California Bearing Ratio (50% Sand + 50% Natural Soil)

Mould Dia = 15 cm
Mould Height = 17 cm
Volume of mould = 3002.625 cm3

TABLE NO.26
Soaked
PENETRATION DIAL LOAD DIAL GAUGE READING
GAUGE LC=0.01 mm LC-1 DIVN. =5.8 kg
S.NO.
PENETRATION LOAD
DGR TOP BOTTOM AVERAGE
(mm) (kg)
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 50 0.5 2 2.4 2.2 12.76
3 100 1.0 4 4.4 4.2 24.36
4 150 1.5 7.6 7.8 7.7 44.66
5 200 2.0 8.4 8.8 8.6 49.88
6 250 2.5 12.4 12.8 12.6 73.08
7 300 3.0 13 13.4 13.2 76.56
8 350 3.5 14.2 15 14.6 84.68
9 400 4.0 15.4 16 15.7 91.06
10 450 4.5 16.2 16.6 16.4 95.12
11 500 5.0 17 17.6 17.3 100.34
12 750 7.5 17.4 17.8 17.6 102.08
13 1000 10.0 18 18.2 18.1 104.98
14 1250 12.5 18.6 18.8 18.7 108.46
15 1500 15.0 19.2 19.6 19.4 112.52

CBR = 5.3 %

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xxvii

California Bearing Ratio (62.5% Sand + 37.5% Natural Soil)

Mould Dia = 15 cm
Mould Height = 17 cm
Volume of mould = 3002.625 cm3

TABLE NO.27
Soaked
PENETRATION DIAL LOAD DIAL GAUGE READING
GAUGE LC=0.01 mm LC-1 DIVN. =5.8 kg
S.NO.
PENETRATION LOAD
DGR TOP BOTTOM AVERAGE
(mm) (kg)
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 50 0.5 3.4 4.4 3.9 22.62
3 100 1.0 6.6 6.8 6.7 38.86
4 150 1.5 10.2 10.4 10.3 59.74
5 200 2.0 14.4 14.6 14.5 84.1
6 250 2.5 16.6 16.8 16.7 96.86
7 300 3.0 18.2 18.6 18.4 106.72
8 350 3.5 20.4 20.8 20.6 119.48
9 400 4.0 22.6 23 22.8 132.24
10 450 4.5 23.4 23.6 23.5 136.3
11 500 5.0 24 24.2 24.1 139.78
12 750 7.5 26.2 26.4 26.3 152.54
13 1000 10.0 27 27.2 27.1 157.18
14 1250 12.5 27.6 27.8 27.7 160.66
15 1500 15.0 28.2 28.4 28.3 164.14

CBR = 7.1 %

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xxviii

California Bearing Ratio (75% Sand + 25% Natural Soil)

Mould Dia = 15 cm
Mould Height = 17 cm
Volume of mould = 3002.625 cm3

TABLE NO.28
Soaked
PENETRATION DIAL LOAD DIAL GAUGE READING
GAUGE LC=0.01 mm LC-1 DIVN. =5.8 kg
S.NO.
PENETRATION LOAD
DGR TOP BOTTOM AVERAGE
(mm) (kg)
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 50 0.5 2 2.6 2.3 13.34
3 100 1.0 6 7 6.5 37.7
4 150 1.5 10 11 10.5 60.9
5 200 2.0 13.6 14.4 14 81.2
6 250 2.5 16 16.4 16.2 93.96
7 300 3.0 18 19.4 18.7 108.46
8 350 3.5 20 21 20.5 118.9
9 400 4.0 22 22.6 22.3 129.34
10 450 4.5 22.6 22.8 22.7 131.66
11 500 5.0 23.2 23.6 23.4 135.72
12 750 7.5 24 24.2 24.1 139.78
13 1000 10.0 25.2 25.6 25.4 147.32
14 1250 12.5 25.6 26 25.8 149.64
15 1500 15.0 26.8 27 26.9 156.02

CBR = 6.9 %

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xxix

California Bearing Ratio (87.5% Sand + 12.5% Natural Soil)

Mould Dia = 15 cm
Mould Height = 17 cm
Volume of mould = 3002.625 cm3

TABLE NO.29
Soaked
PENETRATION DIAL LOAD DIAL GAUGE READING
GAUGE LC=0.01 mm LC-1 DIVN. =5.8 kg
S.NO.
PENETRATION LOAD
DGR TOP BOTTOM AVERAGE
(mm) (kg)
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 50 0.5 1.8 2 1.9 11.02
3 100 1.0 4.8 5.2 5 29
4 150 1.5 10.2 10.6 10.4 60.32
5 200 2.0 12 13.8 12.9 74.82
6 250 2.5 14.8 15 14.9 86.42
7 300 3.0 15 15 15 87
8 350 3.5 15.8 16.2 16 92.8
9 400 4.0 17.6 17.8 17.7 102.66
10 450 4.5 18.2 18.2 18.2 105.56
11 500 5.0 19.2 19.2 19.2 111.36
12 750 7.5 21 22.2 21.6 125.28
13 1000 10.0 23.4 23.8 23.6 136.88
14 1250 12.5 24.6 25.2 24.9 144.42
15 1500 15.0 26 26.4 26.2 151.96

CBR = 6.3 %

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xxx
Direct Shear Test (25% Sand + 75 % Natural Soil)
TABLE NO. 30
NORMALSTRESS (n)= 0.5 kg/cm2

AXIAL
STRAIN STRESS STRAIN
SHEARING SHEAR
DIAL DIAL (%)
S.NO. DISPLACEMENT STRESS
GAUGE GAUGE  (cm)
∂ (cm) (kg/cm2)  100
READING READING
L(cm)
1 25 0.3175 1 0.17 0.052917
2 50 0.6350 2 0.34 0.105833
3 100 1.2700 2 0.34 0.211667
4 150 1.9050 2 0.34 0.317500
5 200 2.5400 3 0.51 0.423333
6 250 3.1750 3 0.51 0.529167
7 300 3.8100 3 0.51 0.635000
8 350 4.4450 3 0.51 0.740833
9 400 5.0800 3 0.51 0.846667
10 450 5.7150 3 0.51 0.952500
11 500 6.3500 3 0.51 1.058333
12 550 6.9850 3 0.51 1.164167
13 600 7.6200 3 0.51 1.270000
14 650 8.2550 3 0.51 1.375833

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xxxi
TABLE NO.31
NORMALSTRESS (n) = 1.0 kg/cm2

AXIAL
STRAIN STRESS STRAIN
SHEARING SHEAR
DIAL DIAL (%)
S.NO. DISPLACEMENT STRESS
GAUGE GAUGE  (cm)
∂ (cm) (kg/cm2)  100
READING READING
L(cm)
1 25 0.3175 2 0.34 0.052917
2 50 0.6350 3 0.51 0.105833
3 100 1.2700 3 0.51 0.211667
4 150 1.9050 3 0.51 0.317500
5 200 2.5400 5 0.85 0.423333
6 250 3.1750 5 0.85 0.529167
7 300 3.8100 7 1.19 0.635000
8 350 4.4450 7 1.19 0.740833
9 400 5.0800 7 1.19 0.846667
10 450 5.7150 7 1.19 0.952500
11 500 6.3500 7 1.19 1.058333
12 550 6.9850 7 1.19 1.164167
13 600 7.6200 7 1.19 1.270000

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xxxii
TABLE NO.32
NORMALSTRESS (n) = 2.0 kg/cm2

AXIAL
STRAIN STRESS STRAIN
SHEARING SHEAR
DIAL DIAL (%)
S.NO. DISPLACEMENT STRESS
GAUGE GAUGE  (cm)
∂ (cm) (kg/cm2)  100
READING READING
L(cm)
1 25 0.3175 3 0.51 0.052917
2 50 0.6350 3 0.51 0.105833
3 100 1.2700 5 0.85 0.211667
4 150 1.9050 5 0.85 0.317500
5 200 2.5400 5 0.85 0.423333
6 250 3.1750 11 1.87 0.529167
7 300 3.8100 11 1.87 0.635000
8 350 4.4450 12 2.04 0.740833
9 400 5.0800 12 2.04 0.846667
10 450 5.7150 12 2.04 0.952500
11 500 6.3500 12 2.04 1.058333
12 550 6.9850 12 2.04 1.164167
13 600 7.6200 12 2.04 1.270000

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xxxiii

Direct Shear Test (50% Sand + 50 % Natural Soil)

TABLE NO.33
NORMALSTRESS (n) = 0.5 kg/cm2

AXIAL
STRAIN STRESS STRAIN
SHEARING SHEAR
DIAL DIAL (%)
S.NO. DISPLACEMENT STRESS
GAUGE GAUGE  (cm)
∂ (cm) (kg/cm2)  100
READING READING
L(cm)
1 25 0.3175 2 0.34 0.052917
2 50 0.6350 2 0.34 0.105833
3 100 1.2700 3 0.51 0.211667
4 150 1.9050 3 0.51 0.317500
5 200 2.5400 4 0.68 0.423333
6 250 3.1750 4 0.68 0.529167
7 300 3.8100 5 0.85 0.635000
8 350 4.4450 5 0.85 0.740833
9 400 5.0800 6 1.02 0.846667
10 450 5.7150 6 1.02 0.952500
11 500 6.3500 6 1.02 1.058333
12 550 6.9850 6 1.02 1.164167
13 600 7.6200 6 1.02 1.270000
14 650 8.2550 6 1.02 1.375833

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xxxiv

TABLE NO.34
NORMALSTRESS (n) = 1.0 kg/cm2

AXIAL
STRAIN STRESS STRAIN
SHEARING SHEAR
DIAL DIAL (%)
S.NO. DISPLACEMENT STRESS
GAUGE GAUGE  (cm)
∂ (cm) (kg/cm2)  100
READING READING
L(cm)
1 25 0.3175 3 0.51 0.052917
2 50 0.6350 3 0.51 0.105833
3 100 1.2700 5 0.85 0.211667
4 150 1.9050 5 0.85 0.317500
5 200 2.5400 5 0.85 0.423333
6 250 3.1750 6 1.02 0.529167
7 300 3.8100 6 1.02 0.635000
8 350 4.4450 8 1.36 0.740833
9 400 5.0800 8 1.36 0.846667
10 450 5.7150 9 1.53 0.952500
11 500 6.3500 9 1.53 1.058333
12 550 6.9850 9 1.53 1.164167
13 600 7.6200 9 1.53 1.270000
14 650 8.2550 9 1.53 1.375833
15 700 8.8900 9 1.53 1.481667

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xxxv

TABLE NO.35
NORMALSTRESS (n) = 2.0 kg/cm2

AXIAL
STRAIN STRESS STRAIN
SHEARING SHEAR
DIAL DIAL (%)
S.NO. DISPLACEMENT STRESS
GAUGE GAUGE  (cm)
∂ (cm) (kg/cm2)  100
READING READING
L(cm)
1 25 0.3175 5 0.85 0.052917
2 50 0.6350 5 0.85 0.105833
3 100 1.2700 8 1.36 0.211667
4 150 1.9050 8 1.36 0.317500
5 200 2.5400 8 1.36 0.423333
6 250 3.1750 9 1.53 0.529167
7 300 3.8100 9 1.53 0.635000
8 350 4.4450 9 1.53 0.740833
9 400 5.0800 13 2.21 0.846667
10 450 5.7150 13 2.21 0.952500
11 500 6.3500 13 2.21 1.058333
12 550 6.9850 13 2.21 1.164167
13 600 7.6200 13 2.21 1.270000
14 650 8.2550 13 2.21 1.375833
15 700 8.8900 13 2.21 1.481667

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xxxvi

Direct Shear Test (62.5% Sand + 37.5% Natural Soil)

TABLE NO.36
NORMALSTRESS (n) = 0.5 kg/cm2

AXIAL
STRAIN STRESS STRAIN
SHEARING SHEAR
DIAL DIAL (%)
S.NO. DISPLACEMENT STRESS
GAUGE GAUGE  (cm)
∂ (cm) (kg/cm2)  100
READING READING
L(cm)
1 25 0.3175 1.00 0.170 0.052917
2 50 0.6350 2.00 0.340 0.105833
3 100 1.2700 4.00 0.680 0.211667
4 150 1.9050 4.00 0.680 0.317500
5 200 2.5400 4.00 0.680 0.423333
6 250 3.1750 5.00 0.850 0.529167
7 300 3.8100 5.00 0.850 0.635000
8 350 4.4450 5.50 0.935 0.740833
9 400 5.0800 5.50 0.935 0.846667
10 450 5.7150 6.00 1.020 0.952500
11 500 6.3500 6.00 1.020 1.058333
12 550 6.9850 6.00 1.020 1.164167
13 600 7.6200 6.00 1.020 1.270000
14 650 8.2550 6.00 1.020 1.375833
15 700 8.8900 6.00 1.020 1.481667
16 750 9.5250 6.00 1.020 1.587500

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xxxvii

TABLE NO.37
NORMALSTRESS (n) = 1.0 kg/cm2

AXIAL
STRAIN STRESS STRAIN
SHEARING SHEAR
DIAL DIAL (%)
S.NO. DISPLACEMENT STRESS
GAUGE GAUGE  (cm)
∂ (cm) (kg/cm2)  100
READING READING
L(cm)
1 25 0.3175 2.00 0.340 0.052917
2 50 0.6350 3.00 0.510 0.105833
3 100 1.2700 6.00 1.020 0.211667
4 150 1.9050 6.00 1.020 0.317500
5 200 2.5400 6.00 1.020 0.423333
6 250 3.1750 8.00 1.360 0.529167
7 300 3.8100 8.00 1.360 0.635000
8 350 4.4450 9.00 1.530 0.740833
9 400 5.0800 9.00 1.530 0.846667
10 450 5.7150 9.00 1.530 0.952500
11 500 6.3500 9.00 1.530 1.058333
12 550 6.9850 9.00 1.530 1.164167

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xxxviii

TABLE NO.38
NORMALSTRESS (n) = 2.0 kg/cm2

AXIAL
STRAIN STRESS STRAIN
SHEARING SHEAR
DIAL DIAL (%)
S.NO. DISPLACEMENT STRESS
GAUGE GAUGE  (cm)
∂ (cm) (kg/cm2)  100
READING READING
L(cm)
1 25 0.3175 3.00 0.510 0.052917
2 50 0.6350 5.00 0.850 0.105833
3 100 1.2700 9.00 1.530 0.211667
4 150 1.9050 9.00 1.530 0.317500
5 200 2.5400 9.00 1.530 0.423333
6 250 3.1750 12.00 2.040 0.529167
7 300 3.8100 12.00 2.040 0.635000
8 350 4.4450 14.00 2.380 0.740833
9 400 5.0800 14.00 2.380 0.846667
10 450 5.7150 14.00 2.380 0.952500
11 500 6.3500 14.00 2.380 1.058333
12 550 6.9850 14.00 2.380 1.164167
13 600 7.6200 14.00 2.380 1.270000

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xxxix

Direct Shear Test (75% Sand + 25% Natural Soil)

TABLE NO.39
NORMALSTRESS (n) = 0.5 kg/cm2

AXIAL
STRAIN STRESS STRAIN
SHEARING SHEAR
DIAL DIAL (%)
S.NO. DISPLACEMENT STRESS
GAUGE GAUGE  (cm)
∂ (cm) (kg/cm2)  100
READING READING
L(cm)
1 25 0.3175 3.00 0.510 0.052917
2 50 0.6350 4.00 0.680 0.105833
3 100 1.2700 6.00 1.020 0.211667
4 150 1.9050 7.00 1.190 0.317500
5 200 2.5400 8.00 1.360 0.423333
6 250 3.1750 9.00 1.530 0.529167
7 300 3.8100 9.00 1.530 0.635000
8 350 4.4450 9.00 1.530 0.740833
9 400 5.0800 8.00 1.360 0.846667
10 450 5.7150 8.00 1.360 0.952500

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xl

TABLE NO.40
NORMALSTRESS (n) = 1.0 kg/cm2

AXIAL
STRAIN STRESS STRAIN
SHEARING SHEAR
DIAL DIAL (%)
S.NO. DISPLACEMENT STRESS
GAUGE GAUGE  (cm)
∂ (cm) (kg/cm2)  100
READING READING
L(cm)
1 25 0.3175 5.00 0.850 0.052917
2 50 0.6350 6.00 1.020 0.105833
3 100 1.2700 6.00 1.020 0.211667
4 150 1.9050 9.00 1.530 0.317500
5 200 2.5400 9.00 1.530 0.423333
6 250 3.1750 11.00 1.870 0.529167
7 300 3.8100 11.00 1.870 0.635000
8 350 4.4450 14.00 2.380 0.740833
9 400 5.0800 14.00 2.380 0.846667
10 450 5.7150 14.00 2.380 0.952500
11 500 6.3500 14.00 2.380 1.058333

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xli

TABLE NO.41
NORMALSTRESS (n) = 2.0 kg/cm2

AXIAL
STRAIN STRESS STRAIN
SHEARING SHEAR
DIAL DIAL (%)
S.NO. DISPLACEMENT STRESS
GAUGE GAUGE  (cm)
∂ (cm) (kg/cm2)  100
READING READING
L(cm)
1 25 0.3175 8.00 1.360 0.052917
2 50 0.6350 8.00 1.360 0.105833
3 100 1.2700 10.00 1.700 0.211667
4 150 1.9050 10.00 1.700 0.317500
5 200 2.5400 10.00 1.700 0.423333
6 250 3.1750 13.00 2.210 0.529167
7 300 3.8100 13.00 2.210 0.635000
8 350 4.4450 16.00 2.720 0.740833
9 400 5.0800 16.00 2.720 0.846667
10 450 5.7150 19.00 3.230 0.952500
11 500 6.3500 19.00 3.230 1.058333
12 550 6.9850 19.00 3.230 1.164167

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xlii

Direct Shear Test (87.5% Sand + 12.5% Natural Soil)

TABLE NO.42
NORMALSTRESS (n) = 0.5 kg/cm2

AXIAL
STRAIN STRESS STRAIN
SHEARING SHEAR
DIAL DIAL (%)
S.NO. DISPLACEMENT STRESS
GAUGE GAUGE  (cm)
∂ (cm) (kg/cm2)  100
READING READING
L(cm)
1 25 0.3175 1.00 0.170 0.052917
2 50 0.6350 2.00 0.340 0.105833
3 100 1.2700 6.00 1.020 0.211667
4 150 1.9050 6.00 1.020 0.317500
5 200 2.5400 6.00 1.020 0.423333
6 250 3.1750 8.00 1.360 0.529167
7 300 3.8100 8.00 1.360 0.635000
8 350 4.4450 10.00 1.700 0.740833
9 400 5.0800 10.00 1.700 0.846667
10 450 5.7150 10.00 1.700 0.952500
11 500 6.3500 10.00 1.700 1.058333
12 550 6.9850 10.00 1.700 1.164167
13 600 7.6200 10.00 1.700 1.270000

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xliii

TABLE NO.43
NORMALSTRESS (n) = 1.0 kg/cm2

AXIAL
STRAIN STRESS STRAIN
SHEARING SHEAR
DIAL DIAL (%)
S.NO. DISPLACEMENT STRESS
GAUGE GAUGE  (cm)
∂ (cm) (kg/cm2)  100
READING READING
L(cm)
1 25 0.3175 2.00 0.340 0.052917
2 50 0.6350 3.00 0.510 0.105833
3 100 1.2700 3.00 0.510 0.211667
4 150 1.9050 9.00 1.530 0.317500
5 200 2.5400 9.00 1.530 0.423333
6 250 3.1750 9.00 1.530 0.529167
7 300 3.8100 12.00 2.040 0.635000
8 350 4.4450 12.00 2.040 0.740833
9 400 5.0800 15.00 2.550 0.846667
10 450 5.7150 15.00 2.550 0.952500
11 500 6.3500 15.00 2.550 1.058333
12 550 6.9850 14.00 2.380 1.164167

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPENDIX xliv

TABLE NO.44
NORMALSTRESS (n) = 2.0 kg/cm2

AXIAL
STRAIN STRESS STRAIN
SHEARING SHEAR
DIAL DIAL (%)
S.NO. DISPLACEMENT STRESS
GAUGE GAUGE  (cm)
∂ (cm) (kg/cm2)  100
READING READING
L(cm)
1 25 0.3175 3.00 0.510 0.052917
2 50 0.6350 5.00 0.850 0.105833
3 100 1.2700 5.00 0.850 0.211667
4 150 1.9050 5.00 0.850 0.317500
5 200 2.5400 14.00 2.380 0.423333
6 250 3.1750 14.00 2.380 0.529167
7 300 3.8100 14.00 2.380 0.635000
8 350 4.4450 18.00 3.060 0.740833
9 400 5.0800 18.00 3.060 0.846667
10 450 5.7150 21.00 3.570 0.952500
11 500 6.3500 21.00 3.570 1.058333
12 550 6.9850 21.00 3.570 1.164167
13 600 7.6200 21.00 3.570 1.270000

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING