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History and Social Science Standards of Learning for Virginia Public Schools January 2008

United States History: 1865 to the Present


Students will continue to use skills for historical and geographical analysis as they examine American
history since 1865. The standards for this course relate to the history of the United States from the
econstruction era to the present. Students should continue to learn fundamental concepts in ci!ics"
economics" and geography within the context of United States history. #olitical" economic" and social
challenges facing the nation reunited after ci!il war will $e examined chronologically as students de!elop
an understanding of how the American experience shaped the world%s political and economic landscapes.
The study of history must emphasi&e the intellectual skills re'uired for responsi$le citi&enship. Students
will practice these skills as they extend their understanding of the essential knowledge defined $y all of
the standards for history and social science.
Skills
US((.1 The student will demonstrate skills for historical and geographical analysis and responsi$le
citi&enship" including the a$ility to
a) analy&e and interpret primary and secondary source documents to increase understanding of
e!ents and life in United States history from 1865 to the present*
$) make connections $etween the past and the present*
c) se'uence e!ents in United States history from 1865 to the present*
d) interpret ideas and e!ents from different historical perspecti!es*
e) e!aluate and de$ate issues orally and in writing*
f) analy&e and interpret maps that include ma+or physical features*
g) use parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude to descri$e hemispheric location*
h) interpret patriotic slogans and excerpts from nota$le speeches and documents*
i) identify the costs and $enefits of specific choices made" including the conse'uences" $oth
intended and unintended" of the decisions and how people and nations responded to
positi!e and negati!e incenti!es.
Geography
US((., The student will use maps" glo$es" photographs" pictures" or ta$les for
a) explaining how physical features and climate influenced the mo!ement of people
westward*
$) explaining relationships among natural resources" transportation" and industrial
de!elopment after 1865*
c) locating the 5- states and the cities most significant to the historical de!elopment of the
United States.
Reconstruction: 1865 to 1877
US((.. The student will demonstrate knowledge of the effects of econstruction on American life $y
a) analy&ing the impact of the 1.th" 1/th" and 15th Amendments to the 0onstitution of the
United States*
$) descri$ing the impact of econstruction policies on the South and 1orth*
c) descri$ing the legacies of A$raham 2incoln" o$ert 3. 2ee" and 4rederick 5ouglass.
History and Social Science Standards of Learning for Virginia Public Schools January 2008
Reshaping the Nation and the !ergence o" #odern $!erica:
1877 to the arly 1%&&s
US((./ The student will demonstrate knowledge of how life changed after the 0i!il 6ar $y
a) identifying the reasons for westward expansion" including its impact on American (ndians*
$) explaining the reasons for the increase in immigration" growth of cities" new in!entions"
and challenges arising from this expansion*
c) descri$ing racial segregation" the rise of 78im 0row"9 and other constraints faced $y African
Americans and other groups in the post:econstruction South*
d) explaining the impact of new in!entions" the rise of $ig $usiness" the growth of industry"
and life on American farms*
e) descri$ing the impact of the #rogressi!e ;o!ement on child la$or" working conditions" the
rise of organi&ed la$or" women%s suffrage" and the temperance mo!ement.
'ur!oil and (hange: 18%&s to 1%)5
US((.5 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the changing role of the United States from the late
nineteenth century through 6orld 6ar ( $y
a) explaining the reasons for and results of the Spanish American 6ar*
$) descri$ing Theodore oose!elt%s impact on the foreign policy of the United States*
c) explaining the reasons for the United States% in!ol!ement in 6orld 6ar ( and its
international leadership role at the conclusion of the war.
US((.6 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the social" economic" and technological changes of
the early twentieth century $y
a) explaining how de!elopments in factory and la$or producti!ity" transportation <including
the use of the automo$ile)" communication" and rural electrification changed American life
and standard of li!ing*
$) descri$ing the social and economic changes that took place" including prohi$ition and the
=reat ;igration north and west*
c) examining art" literature" and music from the 1>,-s and 1>.-s" with emphasis on 2angston
?ughes" 5uke 3llington" =eorgia @%Aeeffe" and the ?arlem enaissance*
d) identifying the causes of the =reat 5epression" its impact on Americans" and the ma+or
features of 4ranklin 5. oose!elt%s 1ew 5eal.
US((.B The student will demonstrate knowledge of the ma+or causes and effects of American
in!ol!ement in 6orld 6ar (( $y
a) identifying the causes and e!ents that led to American in!ol!ement in the war" including the
attack on #earl ?ar$or*
$) locating and descri$ing the ma+or e!ents and turning points of the war in 3urope and the
#acific*
c) descri$ing the impact of the war on the home front.
'he United States since *orld *ar ++
US((.8 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the economic" social" and political transformation
of the United States and the world $etween the end of 6orld 6ar (( and the present $y
a) descri$ing the re$uilding of 3urope and 8apan after 6orld 6ar ((" the emergence of the
United States as a superpower" and the esta$lishment of the United 1ations*
$) descri$ing the con!ersion from a wartime to a peacetime economy*
c) identifying the role of America%s military and !eterans in defending freedom during the
0old 6ar" including the wars in Aorea and Cietnam" the 0u$an missile crisis" the collapse
of communism in 3urope" and the rise of new challenges*
d) descri$ing the changing patterns of society" including expanded educational and economic
opportunities for military !eterans" women" and minorities*
e) descri$ing how international trade and glo$ali&ation ha!e impacted American life.
History and Social Science Standards of Learning for Virginia Public Schools January 2008
US((.> The student will demonstrate knowledge of the key domestic and international issues during the
second half of the twentieth and early twenty:first centuries $y
a) examining the 0i!il ights ;o!ement and the changing role of women*
$) descri$ing the de!elopment of new technologies in communication" entertainment" and
$usiness and their impact on American life*
c) identifying representati!e citi&ens from the time period who ha!e influenced America
scientifically" culturally" academically" and economically*
d) examining American foreign policy" immigration" the glo$al en!ironment" and other
emerging issues.

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