Propaganda movement

1. Restoration of the Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes.

2.Equality between Spaniards and Filipinos before the law.
3.Creation of the public school system independent of the friars.
4.Abolition of the polo (forced labor service) and vandala (forced sale of local products
to the government).
5.Equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter government service.
6.Recognitioin of the Philippines as a province of Spain.
7. Secularization of the Philippine parishes.
8.Recognition of human rights of the Filipinos (speech, press, and assembly).
The members of the Propaganda Movement
La Solidaridad - was an organization created in Spain on December 13, 1888. it also issued a
newspaper of the same name which was published in Barcelona, Spain on February 15, 1889.
April 25, 1889 La Solidaridad published the letter.
Asociacin Hispano-Filipina de Madrid - was an organization of Spanish and Filipinos during
the Spanish colonial Philippines.
1890 - Dr. Jose Rizal learned of the ejection of his family and others from Calamba. Rizal
wrote two novels : 1. Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me not) 2. El Filibusterismo (The revolutionist)
July 3, 1892 the La Liga Filipina was founded by Rizal in Tndo,Manila

Rise of Filipino Nationalism
The Meaning of Nationalism
- Nationalism is simply love of country with all its inhabitants.
- A state of awareness that a nation does exist and is made of people who owe allegiance
not only to a tribe, clan, or region nor to any religious or political entity.
Factors that contributed to the birth of Filipino Nationalism:
1.The opening of the Philippines to the international or world trade.
2. The Rise of the middle class.
3.The secularization controversy.
4.The influx of Liberal ideas from Europe.
5. The Opening of the Suez Canal. (Ferdinand De Lesseps)
6. The Martyrdom of Gomburza.
The Katipunan Movement
After Rizals death, Andres Bonifacio founded a secret revolutionary society (KKK) on July 7,
1892 for Filipinos to fight for freedom.
Kataas taasan Kagalang galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Highest and Most
Respectable Society of the Sons of the People)
AIMS:
1. To unite the Filipinos into one solid nation
2. To fight for Philippine independence from Spain.
KATIPUNAN GOVERNMENT
Bonifacio and others wanted the Katipunan to replace the Spanish Government in the
Philippines.
Two constitutions: 1892 and 1894.
Supreme Council ( Kataastaasang Sanggunian) was the the central government, with a
president, a fiscal, a secretary, a treasurer, and a comptroller.
Deodato Arellano was the first president of the Katipunan.
Andres Bonifacio replaced him in 1895 which changed the title president changed to Supremo.
MEMBERS OF THE KATIPUNAN
1896 - 20, 000 members.
Famous Katipuneros include Bonifacio, Arellano, Emilio Jacinto (Brains of the Katipunan),
Dr.Pio Valenzuela, Valentin Diaz,etc.
Women joined the Katipunan and served as guards of the documents of the society.
SECRET INITIATION OF THE KATIPUNAN
Candidate for membership was first blindfolded and entered a secret room. He had to pass
tests and a blood compact will be done afterwards.
KATIPUNAN LITERATURE
Three writers of the Katipunan were:
1. Andres Bonifacio wrote Decalogue of the Katipunan (a collection of wise sayings for
Katipuneros and Pag ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa ( Love for Country).
2. Emilio Jacinto wrote the Kartilla (collection of teachings of Katipunan) and A La Patria.
3. Dr. Pio Valenzuela helped Bonifacio and jacinto to edit the Katipunan newspaper
(Kalayaan) and wrote an essay Catwiran (Is it Fair?)
DISCOVERY OF THE KATIPUNAN
Teodoro Patino, one of the Katipuneros, revealed the secrets of the Katipunan to Father Gil
which led to its discovery because of his fear.
Many Filipinos were arrested but many Katipuneros also escaped including Bonifacio.
HISTORICAL VALUES
The Filipinos can only solve their problems if they are united.
The Filipinos love freedom and hate tyranny.
Filipinos spoke out against the cruel treatment of our people.
We must remember and honor these heroes and heroines who fought for our rights during the
Spanish era.
A violent revolution does not end a nations problem as foreseen by Dr. Jose Rizal.
Biak na Bato Republic
Emilio Aguinaldoestablished hisheadquarters inBiak-na-Bato in theprovince of Bulacan
In July 1897, Aguinaldo established the Biak-na-Bato Republicand issued a
proclamation stating the following demands:
1. Expulsion of the friars and the return of the friar lands to the Filipinos
2. Representation in the Spanish Cortes
3. Freedom of the press and of religion
4. Abolition of the governments power to banish Filipinos
5. Equality for all before the law.
THE BIAK-NA-BATO CONSTITUTION
Constitution based on the Cuban Constitution Drafted by Felix Ferrer and Isabelo
Artacho Signed on November 1, 1897
The Constitution provided a: SUPREME COUNCIL
-EMILIO AGUINALDO (president)
-MARIANO TRIAS (Vice-President)


TO END THE CLASHES BETWEEN FILIPINOS AND SPANIARDS
Emilio Aguinaldo
(Gov. Gen )Primo de Rivera
PEDRO PATERNO( volunteered to act as negotiator)
A ceasefire was declared by both camps and an agreement between Aguinaldo and the
Spanish forces was made.
CONDITIONS:
The Spanish government will grant SELF-RULE to the Philippines in 3 YEARS if
Aguinaldo went to exile in HONG KONG and surrender his arms.
IN EXCHANGE FOR WHAT??
Aguinaldo will receive P800,000 (Mexican Pesos) as remuneration to the revolutionaries
and an amnesty.
SO
After receiving a partial payment of P400,000, Aguinaldo left for Hong Kong on board the
ship URANUS December 27, 1897.Some Filipino generals, however, did not believe in
the sincerity of the Spaniards. They refused to surrender their arms.
And so, Biak- na- Bato fails
Why?
- The Spanish did not pay the entire agreed amount.
- As a result, periodic clashes between the two groups still took place even after
Aguinaldos departure from the country.
- The Filipinos and the Spaniards did not trust each other.


AGUINALDO IN HONG KONG
Battle of Manila Bay
May 1, 1898
First major battle of Spanish American War
Led by George Dewey
Won with four deaths
Battle lasted only a few hours

AGUINALDO RETURNS TO MANILA...
- May 19, 1898 Aguinaldo arrived on board the MCCULLOCH with ammunition bought
with the money he receivedfrom Spain
- By June 1898, General Emilio Aguinaldo had captured the whole of Luzon and was
ready to storm Manila with the help of Gregorio del Pilar
MANILA = INSIDE INTRAMUROS
- Aguinaldo was firmly convinced that it just was a matter of days before the Spaniards
surrendered.
- Therefore, he started planning for the declaration of Philippine independence.
JUNE 12, 1898...PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE is declared by AGUINALDO
The TREATY OF PARIS...
FELIPE AGONCILLO was sent to the USA to tryto speak to Pres. McKinley FAILED
FELIPE AGONCILLO Tried to go to France toattend a meeting between Spanish and
American representatives
WHAT WAS THE MEETING ABOUT?
1. Outcome of the Spanish American War
2. Situation in Cuba and the Philippines
TREATY OF PARIS IS SIGNED...
On Dec. 10, 1898, THE TREATY OF PARIS ended the Spanish-American War. Cuba
was granted its independence Spain ceded the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico In
return, the US paid Spain the sum of US$20 million for the Philippines.
LAST JOINT SESSION OF THE TREATY OF PARIS
Peace treaty negotiation between American and Spanish military generals. The
Americans negotiated in a hostile atmosphere because all Europe, except England, was
sympathetic to the Spanish side.
DIEGO DE LOS ROS, the last Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines. His term
ended on Dec. 10, 1898 when the Treaty of Paris was signed.
Muslim Wars 1578-1898
The word Moro in Spanish means Muslim
. The war between the Muslim Filipinos and the Spaniards (aided by Christian Filipinos) lasted
for more than 300 years
Reasons for Muslim wars
The Spanish invasion of Mindano and Sulu
Preservation of Islam
The love of adventure arising from the spoils of war
In 1597, the Spanish colonizers tried to seize Jolo and force the sultanate into submission
Gov. Francisco de Sande sent forces to Jolo and ordered the pacification of the place and
payment of tribute to the colonial government
Sultan Pangiran Budiman (Muhamad ul-Halim) resisted but was defeated.
The Muslims avenged by plundering the coastal towns under Spanish dominion
Sirungan and Salikala prepared a stronger force after their previous victory in the Visayas; but
they were defeated in Arevalo, Iloilo after they were repulsed by Don Juan Garcia de Sierra
along with Spanish and Visayan troops.
On June 23, 1635, Father Melchor de Vera along with 1, 000 Visayans began the building of
the stone fort in the province. The fort was named Fort Pilar (in honor of Nuestra Seora del
Pilar, the patroness of Zamboanga), which helped the government forces in their campaign
against the belligerent natives.
Sultan Kudarat
Sultan Muhamad Dipatuan Kudarat was the greatest warrior of Mindanao, who defended
Lamitan against the Spaniards in 1637.
On March 13, 1637, Gov. Corcuerra assaulted and captured Lamitan after a bloody encounter,
but Kudarat escaped.
On May 24, Gov. Corcuerra returned to Manila and was given a conquerors welcome
Sultan Kudarat later mounted raids on Spanish settlements in Luzon and the Visayas and
inspired fellow Muslims never to submit to the Spanish colonizers
The Muslims assaulted the Spanish outposts in Mindanao and Sulu


In 1645, the Tausugs liberated Jolo from Spanish colonizers
Sultan Alimud Din I
He was deposed by his brother Bantilan in 1749 because of his friendship with the Spaniards.
On January 2, 1750, he and his family arrived in Manila; he was baptized as Don Fernando
Alimud Din I on April 28 and became the first Christian sultan of Jolo; his children were baptized
as Christians and were given education in Manila
In 1751, Gov.-Gen. Jose Francisco Obando ordered Alimud Din I to regain his throne in Jolo
but was intercepted by the Spanish commander in Zamboanga and was shipped back and
imprisoned at Fort Santiago for alleged treason
. Gov.-Gen. Pedro Manuel de Arandia released Alimud Din I and granted him royal privileges.
In 1762, the British troops rescued him and restored him his throne in Jolo.
The Spanish forces were not able to control the Moro raids on Christian pueblos in the Visayas
and Luzon.
In 1769, the Moros landed at Malate and plundered the place.
500 Christians were captured and sold annually as slaves in Betavia, Sandakan, and other
slave markets in the East Indies.
In 1848, Gov.-Gen. Narciso Claveria attacked the Samals at Banguingui; they brought 350
Samal prisoners to Manila
On December 11, 1850, Gov.-Gen. Antonio de Urbiztondo commanded a force of 100 troops
of artillery and 500 infantry to subjugate the Muslims of Sulu.
In January 1851, he sailed to Jolo and after the natives attack, his force burned down 1, 000
houses and around 100 bancas before returning to Zamboanga
In February 1851, Urbiztondo attacked Jolo; the natives of Sulu lost over 100 men and were
forced into the interior. In 1861, the sultan of Maguindanao recognized Spanish sovereignty
. Datu Ugto in upper Pulangi continued to resist
In 1874, Gov.-Gen. Jose Malcampo prepared a mighty armada for the invasion of Jolo.
On March 1, 1876, Sultan Jamalul Alam worked for peace with the Spaniards.
Sultan Jamalul Alam leased Sabah (North Borneo) to Mr. Alfred Dent and Baron Gustavus
Von Overbeck for an annual rental of 5, 000 Malayan dollars (which was increased to 5, 300
dollars in 1903-1963).
In 1886, Gov.-Gen. Emilio Terrero destroyed some forts in Cotabato, but he failed to crush
Datu Uttos fighters. After suffering heavy losses, Terrero returned to Manila.
In 1891, Gov.-Gen. Valeriano Weyler known as the Butcher invaded Lanao. He was able to
win the First Battle of Marawi on August 21, 1891.
Datu Amai Pakpak escaped and recruited more warriors to fight the Spaniards.
Weyler failed to conquer Lanao so he assaulted Cotabato but he was overpowered by Datu Ali
Jimbagan.
In 1895, Gov.-Gen. Ramon Blanco attacked Marawi on March 10, 1895; Datu Amai Pakpak
died in action; Blanco won his battle but failed to conquer Lanao
The Muslim warriors declared jihad (holy war) against Blanco and his men to avenge the fall of
Marawi and the death of Datu Amai Pakpak; Blanco was forced to return to Manila.
The war between the Spaniards and the Muslims ended in 1898, after the signing of the Peace
Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898, which ended the Spanish domination in the Philippines.
Why the revolts failed
Lack of discipline, unity, and able leader; divide et impers (divide and rule)
Revolted without concrete plan
The revolts were regional; therefore, it didnt come out of national consciousness.
Most Filipinos were loyal to the Spaniards than to their fellow Filipinos
Historical Value
Without the cooperation of the Filipinos, Spain could not have ruled our country for more than
three centuries
The Filipinos served Spain for three reasons
1. Lack of unity among Filipinos
2. The Catholic religion
3. Rewards and honors given to Filipinos who cooperated with Spain
Historical values
The Filipinos rendered the following services to Spain:
1. Providing food for the Spaniards
2. Working in various industries that helped Spain
3. Fighting in the armed forces of Spain against other Filipinos and foreigners