1.

4 Phase Changes
Fundamentals of Chemistry
Catalyst
Answer the following questions in your science
notebook.
1. What state of matter has both a fixed volume and
shape?
2. What state of matter can be easily compressed?
3. What state of matter has the most kinetic energy?
4. What state of matter has the most potential energy?
5. What happens to particle spacing as a solid changes
into a liquid?
Topic of the Day: 1.4 Phase Change
Vocabulary: Physical change, Heat (Thermal Energy),
Heat of Vaporization and Heat of Fusion
Date: 8/27
SCIENCE THOUGHT OF THE DAY
HOW?!?!
General Chemistry Objectives
I can define physical change, heat (thermal
energy), heat of vaporization and heat of
fusion.
I can identify different types of physical change.
I can explain what happens to particles during a
phase change.
I can define and identify the different phase
changes on a graph.
Topic of the Day: 1.4 Phase Changes
Date: 8/27
Topic of the Day:
1.4 Phase Changes
* Open your notebooks and write the
topic at the top of your page and
table of contents*
Essential Question: What happens to
particles and energy during a change
in the state of matter?
A. What are physical and chemical
changes?
Physical Change Chemical Change
Definition Reversible changes that do not change
the identity of the initial substance
Mostly irreversible changes
that do change the identity of
the initial substances
Characteristics Change phase (solid, liquid, gas)
No new substance created
No new substance destroyed
Shape changes
Size changes
No color change
New color appears
Light is given off
Fizzing/foaming
Change in odor
Precipitate (solid) forms
1.4 Pre-Investigation, Part I
The steps for todays lab are written on the cards
in front of you.

With your partner put the cards in the order you
think youll complete todays lab.

Raise your hand when you are finished to receive
the star stamp of approval.

You may not complete the lab until you have the
cards in the correct order.
Phase Change Lab
1. D) Plug in the hot plate and set it to high.
2. B) Fill a 250 mL beaker with ice.
3. J) Find the mass of the ice in your beaker.
4. F) Take the temperature of the ice and record this
temperature as 0 minutes/initial.
5. I) Place the beaker of ice on the hot plate.
6. H) Take and record the temperature of the ice every
minute, making sure to stir.
7. E) Stop recording data when the temperature of the
boiling water has not changed for 2 time points in a
row.
8. G) Turn off hot plate.
9. A) Clean up your lab station.
10. C) Graph your data at your desk with your lab partner.
1.4 Pre-Investigation, Part II
Copy down the following tables before you
take part in the lab:
Table #1








Mass of Ice Start Temp. End Temp. Total Temp.
Change
Lab Partners
Seat A1, B1, C1, D1 E1
Seat A2, B2, C2, D2 E3
Seat A3, B3, C3, D3 F2
Seat A4, B4, C4, D4 F4
Seat A5, B5, C5, D5 G1
Seat A6, B6, C6, D6 G3
Seat A7, B7, C7, D7 H2
Seat A8, B8, C8 H4
Seat A9, B9, C9 Front island

Investigation (20-25 mins.)
PHASE CHANGE LAB!
Helpful Hints
Take the temperature every minute and record in your
data table
Make sure you stir the water before you take the
temperature
Keep the bulb of the thermometer submerged in the
water when taking a measurement
DO NOT TOUCH THE HOT PLATE OR BEAKER
When you are done, turn off the hot plate and leave
the beaker on the hot plate to cool

FOOD FOR THOUGHT: What type of change (physical or
chemical) are we observing today?
B. What is a phase change?
1. Phase Changes = transition between two phases
or states of matter
2. Phase changes are a physical change. why?
C. When does matter change phases?
1. Matter changes phases when energy is transferred
When energy is added, molecules move farther apart
from one another
When energy is taken away, molecules move closer to
one another

2. Temperature measures the average kinetic energy

D. What are the names of phase changes?
E. What is a phase change diagram?
1. Diagram of heat energy added vs.
temperature
2. Phase changes occur at plateaus (flat parts)
E. What is a phase change diagram?
3. Heat of Fusion = energy needed to change from a
solid to liquid or a liquid to a solid
4. Heat of Vaporization = energy need to change
from a liquid to a gas or a gas to a liquid

F. What is happening at phase changes?
1. Phase changes are isothermal (temperature does
not change).
Kinetic energy doesnt change either.
Particle spacing is changing because the energy is being
used to break bonds or attractions between particles
rather than increasing the kinetic energy (speed of
molecules and temperature) of the particles.

G. Why is kinetic energy constant
during a phase change?
1. All heat added goes to
break bonds or
increase or decrease particle spacing
2. Particles do not speed up or slow down
during a phase change until all of the substance
has changed phase
ON YOUR PHASE CHANGE DIAGRAM
FROM THE INVESTIGATION
Make a circle above each phase of matter and
inside draw what the molecules look like

Phase Change Diagram Visuals
http://www.kentchemistry.com/links/Matter/
HeatingCurve.htm
Heating Curve vs. Cooling Curve
What is the difference between the two graphs?
What is the same between the two graphs?
Independent Practice
Complete the problems on your worksheet ON
YOUR OWN for the first 10 minutes!
For the second 10 minutes you may talk to your
partners to help you through your work!
If you have a question
1. Look at your beautiful notes
2. Ask a peer for a clarification or explanation (you
wont learn if you just copy answers!)
3. Raise your hand and Ill come by! (But only if youve
done 1 and 2 first! )
When you finish your practice packet, complete
the vocabulary words for today!
Summary
Copy and use the following sentence stems to
summarize the main points from today.
Today we learned ____________.
All phase changes are physical changes
because _________.
During a phase change the particles are
_______.
When looking at a phase change graph I can
identify the solid, liquid and gas areas by
________.
Exit Ticket
Once your exit slip is graded, write your mastery
score on your exit slip.
-> 1/5 = 20%
-> 2/5 = 40%
-> 3/5 = 60%
-> 4/5 = 80%
-> 5/5 = 100%

Record your mastery percentage in your schedule
before class ends!