1.

Define (a) ruling gradient, (b) pusher gradient, (c) momentum gradient, and
(d) Compensated gradient for curvature.
2. What is meant by grade compensation for curvature? To what extent should a
ruling gradient of 1 in 150 on a broad gauge line be downgraded to
accommodate a 3 curve? (Ans. 1 in 183)
3. Find the gradient for a broad gauge track where the grade resistance together
with curve resistance due to a 2 curve is equal to the resistance due to a
ruling gradient of 1 in 200. (Ans. 1 in 238)
4. What do you understand by the geometric design of a track? Enumerate the
parameters which affect the geometrical design.
5. Write short notes on the following.
(a) Gradient in station yard
(b) Objectives for gradients
(c) Momentum gradient