Harolds Calculus 3 Cheat Sheet 2014

Copyright 2011-2014 by Harold Toomey, WyzAnt Tutor 1
Harolds Calculus 3
Multi-Cordinate System
Cheat Sheet
4 May 2014

Rectangular Polar/Cylindrical Spherical Parametric Vector Matrix
Point
2-D
() =
(, )
(, )

3-D
(, ) =
(, , )

4-D
(, , ) =
(, , , )

(, ) or
=
=
=

2
=
2
+
2

=
2
+
2

=

=
1

( , , )

=
= sin
=

2
=
2
+
2

2
=
2
+
2
+
2

=

= cos
1
2
+
2
+
2

= cos
1

Point (a,b) in Rectangular :
() =
() =
= 3
,
< , >
=
0
,
0
,
0

[] [] = []

Line
Slope-Intercept Form:
= +

Point-Slope Form:

0
= (
0
)

General Form:
+ + = 0
0

() =
() +(0)
where = ()

3-D:

0
=

0
=

0

< , > = <
0
,
0
> + < , >
< , > = <
0
+,
0
+ >
where
< , > = <
2

1
,
2

1
>

() =
0
+
() =
0
+

=

=

2

1
2

1
=

+
=
0
,
0
,
0
+ , ,

[ ]
= []


Plane
(
0
) + (
0
)
+ (
0
) = 0

+ + =
=
0
+
0
+
0

(, ) = + +

( , , )

(0 < )

=
0
+ +

where:
s and t range over all real
numbers
v and w are given vectors
defining the plane

is the vector representing the

position of an arbitrary (but
fixed) point on the plane
(
0
) = 0
Circle
2
+
2
=
2

( )
2
+( )
2
=
2

General Form:
2
+ +
2
+ + +
= 0
= = 0

Focus and Center:
(, )
r = a (constant)
= [0, 2] [0, 360]

(, )

=
= [0, 2]
= = 0
() = () +
() = () +
[
] = [0, 2)

(, ) =


Sphere
2
+
2
+
2
=
2

( )
2
+( )
2
+( )
2
=
2

:
(, , )

General Form:
2
+
2
+
2

+ + +
+ + + + = 0
= = > 0

Cylindrical to Rectangular:
= ()
= ()
=

Spherical to Rectangular:
=
=
=
Rectangular to Cylindrical:
=
2
+
2

Spherical to Cylindrical:
= ()
=
= ()
=
= [0, 2]
= [0, 2]

Rectangular to Spherical:
=
2
+
2
+
2

=

Cylindrical to Spherical:
=
2
+
2

=

=

Rectangular:

Cylindrical:

()
()

Spherical:


Ellipse
( )
2
2
+
( )
2
2
= 1

General Form:
2
+ +
2
+ +
+ = 0
where
2
4 < 0 > 0

Center:
(, )

Focus length, c, from center:
=
2

2

Eccentricity:
=
2

2

If B 0, then rotate coordinate
system:
2 =

=
= +

New = (x, y), Old = (x, y)
rotates through angle from x-
axis
=

1 cos

=

1 sin

: 0 < < 1

() =

( )
2
+( )
2

relative to center

() = () +
() = () +
[
] = [0, 2]

(, ) =

----------------------------------------------------
Rotated Ellipse:
() = +
() = + +

= the angle between the x-axis and the
major axis of the ellipse

Ellipsoid
( )
2
2
+
( )
2
2
+
( )
2
2
= 1
2
+
2
+
2
= 1
2

2
2
+
2

2
2
+
2
= 1
(, ) = () () +
(, ) = () () +
(, ) = () +

[
] =
2
,
2

[
] = [, ]

(, , ) =

Centered at vector v


Hyperbola
( )
2
2

( )
2
2
= 1

General Form:
2
+ +
2
+ + +
= 0
where
2
4 > 0 < 0

If + = 0, square hyperbola

Center:
(, )

Focus length, c, from center:
=
2
+
2

Eccentricity:
=
2
+
2
= sec

3-D
( )
2
2
+
( )
2
2

( )
2
2
= 1

( )
2
2

( )
2
2
+
( )
2
2
= 1

system:
2 =

=
= +

New = (x, y), Old = (x, y)
axis
=

1 cos

=

1 sin

: > 1

=
(
2
1)
1 +

< <
1

Left-Right Opening Hyperbola:
() = () +
() = () +
[
] = [, ]
(h, k) = vertex of hyperbola

Alternate Form:
() = () +
() = () +

Up-Down Opening Hyperbola:
() = () +
() = () +

Alternate Form:
() = () +
() = () +

General Form:
() =
2
+ +
() =
2
+ +
where A and D have different signs


Parabola
Vertical Axis of Symmetry:
2
= 4
( )
2
= 4( )
Focus: (, +)
Directrix: =

Horizontal Axis of Symmetry:
2
= 4
( )
2
= 4( )
Focus: ( +, )
Directrix: =

General Form:
2
+ +
2
+ + +
= 0
where
2
4 = 0
or = 0

system:
2 =

=
= +

New = (x, y), Old = (x, y)
axis
=

1 cos

=

1 sin

: = 1
Where d=2p

Vertical axis of symmetry:
() = 2 +
() =
2
+ (opens upwards) or
() = (
2
+) (opens downwards)
[
] = [, ]
(h, k) = vertex of parabola

Horizontal axis of symmetry:
() =
2
+
() = 2 + (opens right) or
() = (2 + ) (opens left)
[
] = [, ]

Projectile Motion:
() =
0
+

() =
0
+
16
2
feet
() =
0
+
4.9
2
meters
= cos()
= sin()

General Form:
=
2
+ +
=
2
+ +
where A and L have the same sign

Nose Cone
( )
2
2
+
( )
2
2
=
( )
2
2

Limit
lim
() =

1
st

Derivative
() = lim
0
( +) ()
()
=

Hint: Use Product Rule for
=
=

() =

Unit tangent vector
()
=
()
()

()
0


2
nd

Derivative
() =

2
=
2
=

2
=

Unit normal vector
()
=

()
()

()
0

Integral () = ()

Riemann Sum:
= (
)(

1
)
1

Left Sum:
=
1

() + +
1
+
+
2
++(
1
)

Middle Sum:
=
1
+
1
2
+ +
3
2
+
+(
1
2
)

Right Sum:
=
1
+
1
+ +
2
+
+()
() = ()
, ()
, ()

Double
Integral
(, )
()
()

,
(, ) ( cos , sin)

Triple
Integral
(, , )
(,)
(,)
()
()

,
(, , ) ( cos , sin, )
,
(, , ) ( cos sin,
sin sin, cos )
NA NA NA
Inverse
Functions
() = ,
1
() =

Inverse Function Theorem:
1
() =
1
()

where =
()
=
=
=

=
=
=
=
1

then =
1

=
1

=
1

=
1

=
1

= arcsin
= arccos
=

=
=
=
NA NA NA


Arc Length
= 1 +[
()]
2

Proof :
= (
0
)
2
+ (
0
)
2

= ()
2
+ ()
2

=
2
+
2

=
2
+
2
2

=
2
+
2

=
2
1 +
2

=
1 +
2

=
Polar:
=
2
+
2

Where = ()

Circle:
= =

Proof:
= ( )
()

=

2
(2) =

C = d = 2r

Rectangular 2D:
=
2
+

Rectangular 3D:
=
2
+
2
+

Cylindrical:
=

2
+
2
2
+
2
1

Spherical:
=

2
+
2
2
+
2
2

2
1

= ()

s(t) = ()
0

NA
Curvature
=
|
|
(1 +
2
)
3
2

() =
|
2
+2
2

|
(
2
+
2
)
3
2

for r()
NA
=
)
2
+
(
)
2
+
(
)
2

(
2
+
2
+
2
)
3
2

where f(t) = (x(t), y(t), z(t))
=

()
()

=

() ()
()
3

(See Wikipedia : Curvature)
Perimeter
Square: P = 4s
Rectangle: P = 2l + 2w
Triangle : P = a + b + c
Circle: C = d = 2r
Ellipse: ( +)

Ellipse: = 4
1
2
0

Circle: C = 2r NA NA NA


Area
Square: A = s
Rectangle: A = lw
Rhombus: A = ab
Parallelogram: A = bh
Trapezoid: =
(1+2
)
2

Kite: =
1 2
2

Triangle: A = bh
Triangle: A = ab sin(C)

Triangle:
= ( )( )( ),
=
++
2

Equilateral Triangle: = 3
2

Frustum: =
1
3
1+2
2

Circle: A = r
Circular Sector: A = r
Ellipse: A = ab
=
1
2
[()]
2

where = ()

Proof:
Area of a sector:
= = =
1
2
2

where arc length =

NA
= ()
()

where () = and () =
or
x(t) = f(t) and y(t) = g(t)

Simplified :
= ()
()

Proof:
()

y = f(x) = g(t)

=
()
= ()
=

NA
Lateral
Surface
Area
Cylinder: S = 2rh
Cone: S = rl

= 2 () 1 +[
()]
2

For rotation about the x-axis:
= 2

For rotation about the y-axis:
= 2

=
2
+
2

= (),
Sphere: S = 4r
For rotation about the x-axis:
= 2

For rotation about the y-axis:
= 2

=
2
+
2

= (), = (),

Total
Surface
Area
Cube: S = 6s
Rectangle: S = 2l + 2w + 2h
Regular Tetrahedron: S = 2bh
Cylinder: S = 2r (r + h)
Cone: S = r + rl = r (r + l)
Sphere: S = 4r
Ellipsoid: S
4
3

1

Where p 1.6075, || 1.061%
(Knud Thomsens Formula)
Ellipsoid: S =

where
Surface of
Revolution
For revolution about the x-axis:
= 2 ()
1 +
2

For revolution about the y-axis:
= 2
1 +
2

= 2
2
+
2

= 2
2
+
2

Sphere: S = 4r
= 2 ()
2
+
2

= 2 ()
2
+
2

NA NA


Volume
Cube: V = s
Rectangular Prism: V = lwh
Cylinder: V = rh
Triangular Prism: V= Bh
Tetrahedron: V= bh
Pyramid: V = Bh
Sphere: =
4
3
3

Ellipsoid: V =
4
3
abc
Cone: V = bh = rh

(, , )
( , , )

,
sin ,

2

Ellipsoid:
=
4
3
(
1
)
Volume of
Revolution
Disc Method - Rotation about the
x-axis:
= [()]
2

Washer Method - Rotation about
the x-axis:
= {
[()]
2
[()]
2
}

Cylinder Method - Rotation about
the y-axis:
= 2 ()

= () ()

Disc Method:

Cylindrical Shell Method:

Moments
of Inertia
=
=1

NA NA
= () ()
2
()

(see Wikipedia)
Center of
Mass
=
1
=1

where =
=1

1-D for Discrete:
=

1
1
+
2
1
+
2

2-D for Discrete:
=1

=1

=

, =

3-D for Discrete:
= =
1
=1

= =
1
=1

= =
1
=1

3-D for Continuous:
=
1
0

=
1
0

=
1
0

where =
0

and =

=
1

=
1
()

Where is distance
from the axis of
rotation, not origin.


Gradient =

(, , z) =
+
1
z

(r, , ) =

r

r
+
1
+

sin

(x) =
()

=
j

where = (
)

Line
Integral

= ()|
()|
NA NA

()
= ()
()

Surface
Integral

=

(, )
t

where
(, ) =
(, ), (, ), (, )
and
t
=

(, )
(, )
,
(, )
(, )
,
(, )
(, )

NA NA

=

( )
=

(, )

Harolds Calculus 3 Cheat Sheet 2014

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Copyright 2011-2014 by Harold Toomey, WyzAnt Tutor 1

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