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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Fistly, I wish to express my deep gratitude to all the concerned person without whose generous
cooperation and coordination, it would have been very difficult for me to have a successful
training experience in the organization.
It would like to thank Mr. Batra, I wish to express my deep gratitude to all the concerned person
without whose generous cooperation and coordination, it would have been very difficult for me
to have a successful training experience in the organization.
I am extremly greatful to the management of RAJASHTHAN RAJYA VIDYUT UTPADAN
NIGAM LTD. (RPS POWER STATION) RAWATBHATA for giving me opportunity to
pursue 45 days summer training in their reputed hydro plant . This provides me a wonderful
and learning experience for me to go through this training .
Finally , I would like to thanks all those colleaguea who help me out of intensify me technical
knowledge and provide satisfactory solution to my all queries.
for giving me a golden opportunity of industrial training, which would help me to enhance my
technical skill and helps me a lot besides same technical skill .



INDEX

Introduction
Basic principle and methods of electric generation
General description
Selection of site
Major elements
Power transformer
Electricity Generation
Electrical System
SF6 Gas Circuit breakers
Fire Protection System


INTRODUCTION

The rana pratap sagar dam (hydel power plant) is a part of chambal project. There are three
hydroelectric power statio. First gandhi sagar (1x27, 4x23 MW), and second Rawatbhata Rana
Pratap Sagar (4x43MW), and third one at Jawahar Sagar (3x33MW).
RPS is balancing reservoir between G.S. upstream and J.S. on downstream this is followed by
kota barrage and water diverted from it extensively used for irrgation purpose in part of
Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. The hydroelectric power station located at the downstream of
RPS dam on chambal river.
The RPS dam constructed between 1965 to 1968 and dedicated to nation by former prime
minister late smt. Indra Gandhi. There are four dams in cascade on chambal river in stretch of
70KM as riverbed drops by about 120m b/w Ghandhi Sagar Kota. Kota Thermal power station of
1060 MW is located at upstream of kota barrage.
This dam is used for both irrigation and generation of electricity. The total length is about 1Km
and 25 Feet wide.
RPS hydro power plant is consists of four unit of each 43MW . This plant serves electricity kota,
bilwara, and Gandhi Sagar.
The generated voltage is 11KV and transmission voltage 132 KV at the discharge water side
tunnel is constructed for rising the effective head of water.
RANA PRATAP SAGAR, consist of four vertical type generator build specification no
GS/2/1962,CANEDIAN GENERAL ELECTRIC EN-160780 parts list 117L456 the direct
connected exciter are build by CANEDIAN GENERAL ELECTRIC EN-101213 these machines
are designed in accordance with ASA standard specifiication british standard.


BASIC PRINCIPLE AND METHODS OF ELECTRIC
GENERATION
BASIC PRINCIPLE:
When a closed coil is rotated rapidly in a strong magnetic field, the numberof magnetic flux lines passing the coil
changes continuously. Hence anEMF is induced in the coil and the current flows in it. In fact
themechanical energy expended in rotating the coil appears as electricalenergy ( current) in the
coil.There are different types of methods or systems by which electricity isproduced such as:
(1) Hydel electric power station- water turbine

(2) Thermal power station-steam turbine

(3) Nuclear power station-steam turbine

(4) Gas power station-gas turbine

(5) Solar power station

(6) Wind power station

TYPICAL HYDRO POWER INSTALLATION
As shown schematically in fig 3.1, the hydraulic components of ahydropower installation consist of an intake,
penstock, guide vanes ordistributor, turbine and draft tube. Trash racks are commonly provided toprevent ingestion
of debris into the turbine. Intake usually required sometype of shape transition to match the passage way to the
turbine and alsoincorporate a gate or some other means of stopping the flow in case of anemergency or for
turbine maintenance. Some types of turbines are set in anopen flume; others are attached to a
close conduit penstock.

OUTPUT SYSTEM:-
Electricity is distributed in our country by a big and vast grid system. Thetotal grid of India is divided in to the five
regions and distributing thepower through different load dispatch centers.Following are the regional grids-

Northern regional grid

Western regional grid

Southern regional grid

Eastern regional grid

North-East regional grid Rajasthan is connected to the Northern regional grid where as MadhyaPradesh is
connected to the western regional grid.Northern region is the largest region among the five regions of the
countryin terms of geographical area as well as the number of consumption.Following is the balance sheet of
generation and load with their sources anddemands-
Generation Demands
Hydel 32% Agriculture 40%
Thermal 55% Industrial 38%
Gas 10% Domestic 22%
Nuclear 3%
About RPS










GENERAL DESCRIPTION
At RPS HEPS, vertical turbine rotates at 125 rpm by the water velocity.Generator is directly coupled with the
turbine, giving output of 43MW(e) at11KV voltage 50 Hz frequency. Output voltage is step up to 132 KV by
thetransformer and transmitting to the Northern grid through several transmissionlines which are going to
Bhilwara (2 No), Jawahar sagar (1No) and Gandhisagar (2No).The plant is operated and controlled from a
centralized control room which ishaving all the information and parameters regarding different system of
theplant and its equipments.Alarm systems are provide in C/R to take appropriate actions in case of anyabnormal
operation and taking the action accordingly.A small diesel generator set of 300KW capacity providing the
emergencypower supply to their plant equipments and being used for starting the units.The water after doing its
work on the turbine, discharged in a fore bay formwhere it goes to the downstream of Chambal River through a
big tunnel.

FUNCTION OF RANA PRATAPSAGAR HYDROELECTRIC POWER
STATION
To produce electricity as an active power of 4*43 MW(e) andsupplying it to Rajasthan through 7 lines of
132 kv.

Operates synchronous condenser for better voltage regulations of thegrids as and when required.

To provide dedicated power supply to the nearest Nuclear powerstation on priority basis
whenever there is a problem in Northern gridfor starting of the plant and for maintaining auxiliary power
supply of their plant in order to meet the safety norms of Nuclear Stations

To supply first power to the grid by the self-start in case of totalcollapsing of northern grid.



COST AND OPERATIONAL STATISTICS OF RPS HEPS
The total cost of RPS dam and power station was Rs 40.65crores out of which Rs 14.74crores was spent for power
station. All the equipments of power station were imported from Canada under Colombo Yojana.There are four
units of 43 MW(e) each. First starting date of these units are-
Unit Capacity Date of generation
First 43MW 03.02.1968Second 43MW 26.06.1968Third 43MW 28.12.1969Fourth 43MW 24.05.1969
FUNCTIONAL IMPORTANCE
This plant plays a most crucial role when there is a disturbance in the Northerngrid. When the grid
fails this power station provides the startup power forrestoring the Northern grid. It also plays a major role in the
routine times byproviding stability to the machines of Rawatbhata Atomic Power Plantcontributing to the stability
of the grid.







SELECTION OF SITE

Selection of suitable site for hydroelectric plant. If a good system of naturalstorage lakes at high altitudes
and with catchment can be located.The following factors should be considered.

Such power stations are build where there is adequate water be build atgood head i.e. huge
quality of water is following across a given point.

Since storage of water in a suitable reservoir at 5 a height or building of Dam across the river is
essential in order to have continuous & terminalsupply during the dry season.

Therefore, convenient accommodationforerection of a Dam or reservoir must be available.

The reservoir must have a large catchment area.

The land should be cheap in cost & rocky in order to withstand theweight of large building & heavy
machinery.

Adequate transportation facilities must be available or there should bepossibility the same .So that the
necessary equipment & machinerycould be easily transported.

There should be possibility of stream diversion, during period of construction.






MAJOR ELEMENTS:



INSIDE A HYDRO-ELECTRIC PLANT level. The tunnel length is 4810 feet and average discharge
through tunnel is14000 cufeet/sec.
STORAGE RESERVOIR:-
Its purpose is to store water during excess flow periods and supply the sameduring lean flow periods. Thus it helps
in supplying water to the turbinesaccording to load of power plant. Live storage i.e.1.27 MAFT, the
fullreservoir levels is 1162 feet.
DAM:-
The function of dam is not only to raise the water surface of the stream butalso to create an artificial head
and to provide the poundage, storage or thefacility of diversion into conduits. A dam is the most expensive
& importantpart of a hydro- project . this dams total length is about 1 Km 25 feet wide and total height
of dam is 177 feet.
FOREBAY:-
A for bay may be considered as an enlarged body of water just above theintake to store water temporarily to meet
the hourly load fluctuations.



TRASHRACK:-
It is provided for preventing the debris form getting entry into the intakes fromthe fore bay. Manual cleaning
or mechanical cleaning is used to remove thedebris from trash rack. Trash rack is made up of
steel bars and it is placedacross the intake to prevent the debris form going into the intake.
SPILWAY:-
This is constructed to act as safety valve. It discharges the overflow water tothe down streamside
when the reservoir is full. A condition mainly arisesduring floods periods. These are generally constructed of
concrete andprovided with water discharge opening shut off by gates. There are 17 gatesused for discharge the
overflow water. The size of each gate is 60X28 Feet.
PENSTOCK:-
It is closed conduct, which connected the fore bay or surge tank to the scrollcase of turbine. In case of
medium heads power plants(like R.P.S)such unit isusually provided with its own penstock with its own
penstock. Penstock isbuild of steel. The typical diameter of penstock is 20 feet.
TAIL RACE:-
The water after having done its useful worked in the turbine is discharged tothe tailrace, which may lead it to
the same stream or to another one. The wateris discharge through a tunnel. The tunnel is raised
the effective head of water level. The tunnel length is 4810 feet and average discharge through tunnel
is14000 cufeet/sec
DRAFT TUBES:-
An airtight diverging with cross-sectional area increasing along its length. It isan integral part of turbine. The
inlet of draft tube is connected to the turbineand outlet is submerged deep into tailrace. The draft tube
makes the turbinecapable of utilizing kinetic energy of the exit water. It also decreases thepressure
at the runner exit to a value less than atmospheric pressure hence theworking head gets increased.
HYDRAULIC TURBINE:-
A hydraulic turbine is a mechanical device that converts the potential energyassociated with a difference in
water elevation head into useful work. Modernhydraulic turbines are the result of many years of
gradual development.Economic incentives has resulted in the development of very large units(exceeding 800
MW in capacity) with efficiencies that are sometimes in excessof 95%.The emphasis on the design and
manufacture of very large turbines is shiftingto the production of smaller units, especially in developed nations,
wheremuch of the potential for developing large-base load plants has been realized.At the same time, the
escalation in the cost of energy has made many smaller.Sites economically feasible and has
greatly expanded the market for smallerturbines. The increased value of energy also justifies the cost of
refurbishmentand increasing the capacity of older facilities.

The RPS hydroelectric power plant is low head plant so FRANCISTURBINE
is used. It is a reactor turbine and is suitable for low and medium head powerplant. Such turbines develop power
partly due to velocity of water and partlydue to difference in pressure acting on the front and back of the
runnerbuckets.
Such a turbine essentially consists of guide apparatus. Consisting of an outer ring of stationary
blades are fixed to the casing of the turbine and an inner ringconsisting of rotating blades forming a runner.
Number of blunders in a glideover the blades with a small and fairly constant velocity and exerts a
pressure,varying form maximum at the top to a small value at the bottom. The waterflows radically inwards and
changes to a downward direction while passingthrough the runner.As the water passes over the rotating
blades of the runner, both pressure as avelocity of water are reduced causing a reaction force
during the turbine. Afterdoing work, water is discharged to the tailrace through a closed tube of increasing
cross section called the draft tube.The guide blades of the turbine are adjustable about the hinged point with the
help of governing mechanism but dont rotate with the runner. The guide blades arranged in the
casing around the runner, which give proper direction to water jets in such a way that the jet dont strike
the runner vanes in opposite direction.
TURBINE CLASSIFICATION:-
There are two types of turbines, denoted as impulse and reaction. In animpulse turbine, the available head is
converted to kinetic energy beforeentering the runner, the power available is extracted from the flow
at approximately atmospheric pressure. In a reaction turbine, the runner iscompletely submerged
head in the inlet to the turbine runner is typically lessthan 50% of the total head available.
IMPULSE TURBINES:-
Modern impulse units are generally of the pelton type and are restricted torelatively high head applications.
One or more jets of water impinge on awheel containing many curved brackets.
REACTION TURBINES:-
Reaction turbines are classified according to the variation in the flow directionthrough the runner. In
radial and mixed flow runners, the flow exists at aradius different than from the radius at the inlet. If the flow enters
the runnerwith only radial and tangential components, it is a radial flow machine. Theflow enters a mixed flow
runner with both radial and axial components.Francis turbines are of radial and mixed flow types, depending on
the designspecific speed. A Francis turbine is illustrated in fig. The efficiency of francisturbine varies from 80% to
85%.




Turbine Specifications:-
Francis Hydraulic Turbine





Level of Equipment

.

POWER TRANSFORMER
Power transformer is used for stepping up the voltage for transmission.Generally -Y connected power
transformers are used. They are oil-immersedtransformer. The transformer connection is generally shown
by vector group.The vector groups of power transformers of RPS power plant are Yd11.

TRANFORMER RATING



Cooling water:-
Cooler -55000 KVA 109 GPM
Cooler-60000 KVA 150 GPM

GOVERNING SYSTEM:-
In order to have electrical output if constant frequency it is necessary tomaintain speed of the alternation driver with
the turbine constant. An operationof speed regulation is called the governing. It is attained automatically bymeans
of a governor. The principle elements of the governor are-
The speed responsive elements usually fly ball mechanism or speedgovernor
Control value or rally value to the either side of servomotor piston
Servomotor along with fluid pressure operates piston to activate theturbine control mechanism
The restoring mechanism or follow up linkage to hold servomotor in therequired fixed position. When the
input and output are equalized
The fluid pressure supply require for the action of servomotor

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT:-

Generator
The generators used in hydro power plant are usually three phasesynchronous machines. The generators
have the speed range of 70-1000RPM. Generators have either a vertical shaft arrangement or
horizontalshaft arrangement. But the vertical shaft arrangement is preferred. Thegenerator
cooling can be achieved by air circulation through the statorducts

Main components of generator:-
Stator

The 396 slot stator is wound with diamond type coils containing fourwindings and connects 6 circuit
wires with 6 main and 3 neutral leadsbrought out. Resistance between lines at 25 centigrade is 0.01348
ohms.Stator winding insulation is class b, the ground installation segment of which is asphalt-mica.

Rotor:-

The field coils are lubricated strip wound, 27 turns per pole in class Binstallation. Resistance of the 48
posts field windings 0.196 ohms at 25centigrade.






Main bracket:-

All rotating parts in addition to hydraulic thrust are supported throughthe thrust bearing by the main
bracket has 4 arms resting on the edge of the turbine pit. At the end of each bracket arms are
mounted two units of counted brackets and jacks.
Housing and cooler:-

Totally enclosed in an octagonal steel housing 38-1across flats, withtop flush with upper
bracket arms. Approx. 120000CFM of ventilatingair passes through the rim and between passes through
the stator andfinally through the air coolers before recycling. Air coolers are 8 inchmounted
symmetrical around the machine.Maximum tested pressure is 10kg/cm square.



ELECTRICITY GENERATION



Figure:- Hydroelectric Power



HYDROELECTRIC POWER: HOW IT WORKS:-
So just how do we get electricity from water? Actually, hydroelectric and coalfired power plants produce
electricity in a similar way. In both cases a powersource is used to turn a propeller-like piece
called a turbine, which then turns a metal shaft in an electric generator, which is the motor that
produceselectricity. A coal-fired power plant uses steam to turn the turbine blades,where as a hydroelectric plant
uses falling water to turn the turbine. The resultis the same.
The theory is to build a dam on a large river that has a large drop in elevation.The dam stores lots of water behind it
in the reservoir. Near the bottom of thedam wall there is the water intake. Gravity causes it to fall through
thepenstock inside the dam. At the end of the penstock there is a turbine propeller,which is turned
by the moving water. The shaft from the turbine goes up intothe generator, which produces the power.
Power lines are connected to the


generator that carry electricity to your home and mines. The water continuespast the propeller through the tailrace
into the river past the dam. By the way,it is not a good idea to be playing in the water right below a
dam when water isreleased.A hydraulic turbine converts the energy of flowing water into
mechanical energy. A hydro electric generator converts this mechanical energy intoelectricity.The operation of
a generator is based on the principle discovered by Faraday.He found that when a magnet is moved past a
conductor, it causes electricity toflow. In a large generator, electromagnets are made by circulating
directcurrent through loops of wire wound around stacks of magnetic steellaminations. These are called field
poles and it is mounted on the perimeter of the rotor. The ro is attached to the turbine shafts and rotates at a fixed
speed.When the rotor turns, it causes the field poles (the electromagnets) to movepast the conductors mounted in
the stator. This in turn causes the electricity to flow and a voltage to develop at the generator output
terminals. Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed waterdriving a water turbine
and generator. In this case the energy extracted fromthe water depends on the volume and on the
difference in height between the source and the waters outflow. This height difference is called
the head. The amount of potential energy in water is proportional to the head. To obtain veryhigh head, water
for a hydraulic turbine may be run through a large pipe calleda penstock.Pumped storage
hydroelectricity produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water between reservoirs at different
elevations. At thetimes of low electrical demand, excess generation capacity is used to pumpwater
in to the higher reservoir. When there is higher demand, water isreleased back into the lower reservoir
through the turbine. Pumped storage schemes currently provide the only commercially important means of
largescale grid energy storage and improve the daily load factor of the generationsystem. Hydroelectric plants with
no reservoir capacity are called run of theriver plant, since it is not possible to store the water. A tidal
power plant makesuse of the daily rise and fall of water due to tides, such sources are
highlypredictable and if conditions permit construction of reservoirs can also bedispatch able to generate power
during high demand periods.
Less common types of hydro schemes use waters kinetic energy or undammed sources such as
undershot waterwheels.A simple formula for approximately electric power production at ahydroelectric plant
is-


P =hrgk,
Where,
P is power in kilowattsh is height in meters
r is flow rate in cubic meters per second
g is acceleration due to gravity
k is a coefficient of efficiency ranging from 0 to 1
Efficiency is often higher with larger and more modern turbines.Annual electric energy production depends on the
available water supply. Insome installations the water flow rate can vary by a factor of 10:1 over thecourse of a
year.

.



ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

The generation of the electricity is at 11KV and transmitted on 132 KV. Thereare four
transmission lines from the RPS power plant, two lines to Kota andother two to Bhilwara, two
lines to Gandhi sagar and one industrial line.
MAJOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT WITH THERESPECIFICATIONS:-
ALTERNATOR:
At the RPS hydel power plant vertical overhung type alternator is used, withone thrust and one guide bearing both
located below the rotor. The alternatorused with Francis turbine of vertical configuration. The vertical generators
atRPS are very low about 125 RPM so no. of poles are 48.
ALTERNATOR RATING:


CURRENT TRANSFORMER:-
These instrument transformers are connected in ac power circuits for leadingthe current coils of
indicating and meeting (ammeters, watt meters, watt hourmeters) and protective relays.Thus the
CT broadens the limit of measurements and maintain a watch overthe current flowing in the circuits and over the
power load. In high voltageinstallations CT in addition to above also isolates the indicating and
meteringinstruments fron high voltages. The CT basically consists of an iron core onwhich few turns of primary is
directly installed of the power circuit and to thesecondary winding the indicating or metering instruments or relay
isconnected. When the rated current of CT flows through its primary winding acurrent of 5 amperes will appears
in its secondary winding. The primarywinding is usually single turn and the no. of turns on secondary depends
uponthe power circuit current to be measured.The larger current to be secondary current is known as
transformation ration of CT. The CT are rated for voltage of the installations the rated current of
theprimary and secondary winding and the accuracy class. The accuracy classindicates the limit
of the errors in percentage of the rated turn ratio of the givencurrent transformer is available in
the accuracy classes 0.5, 1.3 and 10.Basically CT is a step up transformer. It is a primary side current is high
andsecondary side current is less than 5A, which is used for protection of meetingpurpose. Its primary is always
connected in series.
CURRENT TRANSFORMER RATING:-




POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER:-
The potential transformers are employed for voltages above 380 volts to feedthe potential coils of indicating and
metering instruments (voltmeters, wattmeter, watt hour meter) and relays. These transformers make the
ordinary lowvoltages instruments suitable for measurement of high voltages and isolatethem from high voltages.
The primary winding of the potential transformer is connected to the main bus-bars of the switch gear
installation and thesecondary winding various indicating and metering instruments and relays areconnected
when the rated high voltage is applied the primary of PT. Thevoltage of 110 volts appears across the
secondary winding. The ratio of therated primary voltage to rated secondary voltage is known as
transformersratio.The potential transformers are rated for primary and secondary rated voltage,accuracy, class,
no. of phases and system of cooling. Basically P.T.S are step down transformer. They are only
used foe metering purpose. Its secondaryvoltage is about of 110 volts and these are connected in
parallel with the line.

CIRCUIT BREAKER:-
Circuit breakers are mechanical devices designed to close or open contactmembers, thus closing or
opening an electrical circuit under normal orabnormal conditions. Circuit breakers are rated in terms of maximum
voltage,no. of poles, frequency, maximum continuous current carrying capacity andmaximum momentary and 4
second current carrying capacity.The interruption or reparsing capacity of a circuit breaker is the maximumvalue
of current which can be interrupted by it without any damage.The circuit breakers are classified on the basis of the
medium used for arcextension.
THE TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS-

SF6 circuit breaker

Bulk oiled circuit breakers

Air blast circuit breakers

Vacuum circuit breakers

Minimum oil circuit breakers

Air circuit breakers

The circuit breakers are automatic switches, which can interrupt fault currents.The part of the
circuit breakers connected in on phase is called the pole. AcircuitBreakers suitable for three phase is
called the pole. A circuit breaker suitablefor three phase system is called a triple pole circuit
breaker. Each pole of thecircuit breaker comprises one or more interrupters or arc
extinguishingchambers. The interrupters are mounted on the support insulators. Theinterrupter encloses a set
of fixed and moving contact. The moving contactscan be drawn spark by means of the circuit
breakers given the necessaryenergy for opening and closing of contacts of the circuit breakers.The arc
produced by the separation of current carrying contact is interruptedby a suitable medium and by adopting
suitable techniques for arc extinctionmedium.


SF6 GAS CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is an excellent gaseous dielectric for high voltagepower applications. It has been used
extensively in high voltage circuitbreakers and other switchgears employed by the power industry.
Applicationsfor SF6 include gas insulated transmission lines and gas insulated powerdistributions.
The combined electrical, physical, chemical and thermalproperties offer many advantages when used in power
switchgears. Some of the outstanding properties of SF6 making it desirable to use in powerapplications are:
Very high dielectric strength
Very unique arc quenching ability
Excellent thermal stability
Good thermal conductivity

GENERAL INFORMATION
SF6 circuit breakers are equipped with separated poles each having its owngas. In all types of the
circuit breakers, gas pressure is 2 bars( absolute 3 bars).Even if the pressure drops to 1 bar, there will be
no change in the breakingproperties of the circuit breakers due to the superior features of SF6. Duringarcing,
the circuit breakers maintains a relatively low pressure ( max 5-6 bars)inside the chamber and there
will be no danger of explosion and s[pilling of the gas around. Any leakage from the chamber will not
create a problem since
SF6 can undergo considerable decomposition, in which some of the toxicproducts may stay inside the chamber in
the form of the white dust.

If the poles are dismantled for maintenance, it needs special attention duringremoval of the parts of
the pole. This type of maintenance should be carriedout only by the experts of the manufacturer.

OPERATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKER:-

In general, the circuit breakers consist of two main parts, the poles and themechanism. The poles consist of contact
and arc-extinguishing devices. themechanism is the part to open or close the contacts in the poles at the sametime
simultaneously . the closing and opening springs are the first charged. If close button is pressed the opening
springs get charged while the contactsget closed. Thus, circuit breaker will be ready for opening. The
mechanicaloperating cycle of the circuit breaker is used with re-closing relay. In thatcase, after the
closing operation , the closing springs are charged by thedriving lever or by driving motor . thus, the
circuit breaker will be ready foropening and re-closing.Elimsan breaker mechanism can perform 10,000 opening-
closing operationswithout changing any component. The mechanical life of the circuit breaker
isminimum 10,000 operations. However, it needs a periodical maintenancedepending on its
environment. In ideal working condition s, lubrication once ayear or after every 1000 operations is sufficient. In
dusty and dampenvironment, the mechanism should be lubricated once every 3-6 months orafter every 250-500
operations.The machine oil and grease with molybdenum must be used for lubricating.Owning to
mechanisms capability of operating between -5C and +40C , itdoes not require a heater.
AUXILARY SWITCH:-
The auxiliary switch mounted on the circuit breakers has 12 contacts. One of them is for anti-pumping circuit, four
of them are allocated for opening andclosing coils. The remaining 7 contacts are spare. Three of them
are normallyopened and four are normally closed. When it is necessary, the no. of thecontacts can be
increased.





RAPID AUTOMATIC RECLOSING:-
The circuit breaker which opens due to a short circuit failure, can be re closedautomatically after
a pre selected time by arc closing relay, assuming the faultis temporary. Thus, we avoid long time
power loss in case of temporary shortcircuits. But, if the fault lasts after re-closure, the protection relay will trip
toopen the circuit breakers again.When manual or motor drive is used, the circuit breaker will be ready to
close.The closure can be actuated pressing the closing button located on the circuitbreaker. It is recommended to
close it using remote control system for secureoperations. The opening can be performed either by opening button
or remotecontrolled opening coil. In case of a fault, the relay signal actuates the openingcoil and circuit breaker
opens. In addition, there is an anti-pumping relay forpreventing the re-closing and opening of the circuit breaker
more than onecycle(O-C-O) and for preventing possible troubles created by remote closingbutton.
COMMISSIONING:-
The outer surface of epoxy insulating tubes o the poles are to be wiped outwith a clean and dry cloth. The wiring
and connections of the auxiliary circuitare to be carefully examined. DC voltage should be checked to
see whether itis suitable for coil and motor or not.







FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

SMOKE DETECTOR SYSTEM:-
Smoke detectors are provided at different areas of the plant, which will operateand generate an
alarm in C/R in case of any fire in that area to take correctiveand timely action.
MULTIFIRE SYSTEM:-
All big transformers are protected by high velocity Multi-fire projector erected about and above
the equipments are required. The projectors arecoupled together on a pipe work system to an automatic
deluge valve assemblyconsisting of strainer, isolating valve and a quick opening deluge valve forcontrol of the
water supply.The automatic deluge valve is operated by means of a separate detector pipework
system on which quartzoid bulbs are mounted filled with liquid of highexpansion coefficient.The detector system
is charged with compressed air. In the event of a fire, oneor more of these bulbs will burst due to expansion of
liquid and allowingcompressed air to escape from the pipe work. When the air pressure has fallenthe deluge valve
opens and brings the multi-fire projectors to action and startswater supply spray on the equipments automatically
and protect them fromfire.Alarming sound will generate the operation of the system to alert to staff totake further
course of action.
ISOLATOR:-
Isolator are not equipped with a quenching device and therefore are not used toopen circuits carrying current, as the
name implies solatores one portion of thecircuit from another and is not intended to be opened while current is
flowing.Isolators must not be opened until the circuit is interrupted by some othermeans. If an isolator is opened
carelessly when carrying a heavy current, theresulting arc could easily cause a flash over the earth. Thus may
shatter thesupporting isolators and may even cause a fatal accident to the operator,particularly in high voltage
circuits.
EARTHING SWITCH:-
Earthing switch is connected between the line conductor and the earth.Normally it is open when the
line is disconnected, the earthing switch is closedso as to discharge the voltage trapped on the line capacitance to
the earth.
CONCLUSION

I am thankful to you entire RPS family for providing me this golden opportunity, which made
me to learn a lot of valuable things. In our college, we are taught theoretical knowledge which is
not sufficient to cope up in the industry. So here in RPS,I learn how production activities are
coordinated. Here, I learnt the organizational behavior, which is a very important part of
engineering education. I saw the various production activities which were just taught in the class
room to us.
Practical knowledge is entirely different from theoretical knowledge, so it is very necessary to
gain practical aspect of technical knowledge. Here in RPS I learnt this think that is practical
knowledge. Here I saw objectives could be achieved by the hard work of a group. It the hard
work of RPS family, which made them the market leader in their field. It was a pleasure to see
the RPS family member with such devotion.
So again I think the entire RPS group for making me familiar with the practical aspect of
knowledge.

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