TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN HASIL

PERKEBUNAN
NAMA :
1. DEDI YUSHARDI 100401089
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK MESIN
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
I. Prinsip Kerja Oil Pri!er
Oil Pri!er" #an$ %ana &er'n$si n() %e%rni)an* %e%isa+)an %in#a)
,ari )an,n$an air ,an )-(-ran #an$ %asi+ (eri)( &ersa%a %in#a) ,en$an
&er,asar)an &era( jenisn#a. Pe%isa+an (erja,i ,en$an %en$$na)an $a#a
sen(ri'$al #an$ ,i(i%&l)an pa,a perala(an.
Ala( Purifer ini serin$ ,ise&( Oil Centrifuge" #an$ &er'n$si %e%rni)an
%in#a) ,ari )-(-ran #an$ (i,a) ,i)e+en,a)i.
Purifer #an$ &an#a) ,i$na)an iala+ &a(an Westfalia dan -Alfa laval.
Ke,a ala( ini %e%pn#ai prinsip )erja #an$ sa%a a)an (e(api )e,a ala( ini
%e%ili)i per&e,aan ,a#a pisa+ 'ra)si rin$an ,an &era(. Oil Centrifuge Westfalia
%e%isa+)an 'ra)si &era( ,en$an ../. 0 1" ar(in#a 1M ,an %in#a) &era,a
,ala% sa( 'ra)si" se+in$$a NOS ,an )-(-ran #an$ (er$-l-n$ ,ala% 'ra)si &era(
saja" #an$ ,ipisa+)an. Se&ali)n#a &a(an -Alfa laval %e%isa+)an %in#a) ,ari
NOS ,an air" se+in$$a -Alfa laval a)an ,apa( %enrn)an )a,ar air ,ala%
%in#a) ,ari 0"2 3 0"14 %enja,i 0"4 3 0"24. Disa%pin$ i(" -Alfa laval ,apa(
,ia(r )apasi(as -la+n#a" na%n +al ini serin$ %e%pen$ar+i )ali(as %in#a)
#an$ ,i+asil)an.
Se%a)in &esar ,i&a( )ran )apasi(as -la+ ala( i( sen,iri" %a)a se%a)in
%enrn )e%a%pan n() %e%rni)an %in#a).
U)ran )apasi(as Alfa laval +ars ,isesai)an ,en$an ren,e%en
%in#a) ,an )apasi(as )e%pa lir se(iap ja% se+in$$a ,apa( &e)erja ,ala%
)-n,isi -p(i%%. Kapasi(as Oil Purifer #an$ (erlal &esar ,apa( %en#e&a&)an
pe%isa+an air ,an )-(-ran )ran$ e'e)(i'. Ole+ se&a& i( ,ala% pen$-perasian
ala( (erse&( perl ,ila))an 5678 :
a. Pe%&a(asan )apasi(as -la+ ala( ,an ,isesai)an ,en$an )apasi(as
PKS.
&. Panas ,ala% Oil Purifer (e(ap ,iper(a+an)an a$ar (in$$i se+in$$a
viskositas %in#a) ren,a+ ,anpe%isa+an NOS ,an air a)an le&i+ %,a+.
9. Pen99ian ala( se9ara r(in +in$$a ala( &e)erja ,en$an &ai).
II. Prinsip Kerja Sl,$e Separa(-r
Mesin Sl,$e Separa(-r ,i Pa&ri) Pen$-la+an Kelapa Sa:i( &er'n$si n()
%e%isa+)an 9airan;9airan #an$ (i,a) salin$ &ersen#a:a 5(i,a) salin$
%elar()an8
Sludge #an$ %as) )e ,ala% Sludge Centrifuge (er,iri ,ari &a+an %,a+
%en$ap 51M8 80 3864" &a+an pa,a(an &)an %in#a) 5NOS8 8;174 ,an %in#a)
6;104. K-%p-sisi sl,$e #an$ )elar ,ari sl,$e (an) ,ipen$ar+i -le+
&e&erapa +al :
a. Air pen$en9er
Air pen$en9er #an$ ,i$na)an. pa,a sl,$e selr+n#a &erasal ,ari air &a+" air
pen$en9er pa,a Screw Press" a#a)an $e(ar ,an air pen99ian lan(ai #an$
(er)%pl )e Fat Pit ,an ,ip-%pa)an )e <O= a(a <S=.
&. Perla)an Se&el%n#a"
Perla)an se&el%n#a ,i pr-ses -le+ Desander seper(i sand cyclone ,an a(a
Strainer. Pa,a PKS #an$ (i,a) %en$$na)an Decanter n() %en$a%&il l%pr "
%%n#a %en$$na)an Desanderse&el% ,ipr-ses ,i Settling !ank .
9. Pen$$naan A#a)an >e(ar.
A#a)an $e(ar ,apa( ,i(e%pa()an pa,a &a) pena%pn$ sl,$e #an$ )e%,ian
,ip-%pa)an )e,ala% Sludge Se"arator ?n$si a#a)an $e(ar a,ala+ n()
%e%isa+)an @%pr ,an pasir #an$ (er,apa( ,ala% 9airan. Den$an
&er)ran$n#a )an,n$an NOS %a)a )e%a%pan Sludge Se"arator n()
%e%isa+)an %in#a) se%a)in (in$$i. A#a)an #an$ ,i$na)an a,ala+ )ran 60
%es+ se+in$$a @%pr ,an pasir +als #an$ l-l-s pa,a a#a)an $e(ar ,i <O=
,apa( (er(apis.
=jan ,ari pr-ses ,i Sl,$e Separa(-r iala+ %e%isa+)an %in#a) ,ari air ,an
)-(-ran" ,en$an )a(a lain %e%isa+)an %in#a) ,ari 'ra)si #an$ &era( jenisn#a
15sa(8. Air ,an )-(-ran #an$ ,ipisa+)an ,ise&( ,en$an air ,ra& ,en$an )a,ar
%in#a)*Aa( )erin$ B;104. ?ra)si rin$an ,i)e%&ali)an )e Oil Settling !ank. S+
%in#a) ,ala% Sludge Se"arator ,iper(a+an)an ,ia(as 90C<" #an$ ,apa( ,i&an(
,en$an pe%&erian ap panas. <airan #an$ (ela+ ,i&e&as)an ,ari pasir;pasir
+als ,ip-%pa)an la$i )e -il se((lin$ (an).
Ke&er+asilan pe%a)ian sl,$e separa(-r san$a( %enen()an (er+a,ap
persen(ase )e+ilan$an %in#a). Ke%a%pan ala( %e%isa+)an 1M ,an NOS
(er$an(n$ ,ari :
1. #a"asitas ola$ unit sludge se"arator De&i( 9airan %in#a) #an$ (in$$i a)an
%e%pen$ar+i pe%isa+an 'ra)si;'ra)si" )arena ,en$an D-l%e #an$ (erlal
&esar a)an ,apa( %e%per)e9il per&e,aan an(ara 'ra)si rin$an ,an &era(.
Se+in$$a )e+ilan$an %in#a) ,ala% ,ra& (in$$i. Kapasi(as -le+ separa(-r
,ipen$ar+i -le+ jenis ala( sl,$e separa(-r ,an )ran no%%le #an$ ,ipa)ai.
Se%a)in &esar )ran &o%%le %a)a )apasi(as ala( se%a)in &esar.
7. & o % % l e.
U)ran l-&an$ no%%le %e%pen$ar+i pe%isa+an 'ra)si" se%a)in )e9il a)an
se%a)in &ai) ,en$an ,i(nj))an -le+ )a,ar %in#a) #an$ (eri)( ,ala% air
&an$an rela(i' )e9il" a)an (e(api no%%le %enja,i san$a( 9epa( rsa)" a)i&a(
$ese)an pasir +als 5j%la+ pasir +als le&i+ &an#a) ,ari pa,a pasir )asar8.
&o%%le #an$ &er)ran &esar %en#e&a&)an )e+ilan$an %in#a) #an$ rela(i'
(in$$i pa,a air &an$an" na%n %r no%%le #an$ &erl-&an$ &esarl le&i+
panjan$ ,i&an,in$)an ,en$an #an$ &er)ran )e9il.
' (enis Sludge Se"arator
=er,apa( ,a jenis Sludge se"arator #an$ ,i)enal n() ,i$na)an ,i PKS" #a)ni
/enis P(aran H-riA-n(al ,an /enis P(aran 1er(i)al. /enis H-riA-n(al #an$ %%
,i$na)an a,ala+ &a(an -Alfa laval ,an Westfalia) ,en$an )apasi(as #an$
&esar #ai( 8;10%E ja%" se,an$)an jenis 1er(i)al a,ala+ &a(an S(-r) a(a
,i)enal se&a$ai ty"e Stork ,en$an )apasi(asn#a 2;8 %E*ja%. Dili+a( ,ari
)e%a%pan ala( n() %e%per)e9il losses pa,a air ,ra&" ,apa( ,i)a(a)an
&a+:a ty"e Stork #an$ le&i+ %,a+ pen$-perasiann#a" seper(i #an$
&er)e%&an$ ,i Mala#sia.
Kesei%&an$an pe%isa+an l%pr ,ari 9airan #an$ %as) )e,ala% Sludge
Se"arator perl ,iper(a+an)an ,en$an :
a. Me%per(a+an)an (e)anan pa,a Outlet Sludge Se"arator ,en$an %e%&a(
&a) #an$ &erisi air se+in$$a (e)anan la:an )-ns(an. A,a j$a ala( sl,$e
separa(-r #an$ ,ilen$)api ,en$an *+asculator, #an$ &er'n$si n() %en$)r
D-l%e -(le( se)ali$s %enja,i sta-ilisator (e)anan.
&. Men$isi air panas )e,ala% Sludge Se"arator n() %e%per(a+an)an
(e)anan ,ala% Sludge Se"arator se+in$$a )e9epa(an air ,an pe%isa+an l%pr
,en$an air )-ns(an.
Fes('alia Separa(-r
Sl,$e separa(-r
III. Prinsip Kerja De9an(er
Decanter ,i&a$i %enja,i 7 jenis &er,asar)an -(p( #an$ ,i+asil)an. 7
/enis decanter (erse&( a,ala+ :
. !wo "$ase decanter
!wo "$ase decanter &e)erja ,en$an 9ara %e%isa+)an 'ra)si %in#a)
,en$an 'ra)si air ,an 'ra)si pa,a( ,en$an 9airan. <airan %in#a) #an$
%as) ,ari <S= )e ,ala% decanter ,ipisa+)an %enja,i ,a 'ra)si #ai(
'ra)si pa,a( ,an 9air. ?ra)si pa,a( #an$ &er&en() l%pr pa,a( ,ian$)(
,en$an $er&-n$ trailer )e )e&n" se,an$)an 'ra)si 9air ,ip-%pa)an
)e,ala% <S= n() ,i-la+ le&i+ lanj(. =jan pen$-la+an ini %erpa)an
9ara pen$ran$an &a+an pa,a(an ,ala% 9airan ,en$an %a)s, a$ar
pe%isa+an %in#a) ,ala% <S= le&i+ &ai) ,an &e&an sludge se"arator a)an
le&i+ rin$an. Ole+ se&a& i( pene%pa(an ,e9an(er se&el% <S= ,apa(
&er'n$si n() %en$$an(i)an )e,,)an strainer ,an sand cyclone.
Decanter ,apa( ,i(e%pa()an se&a$ai pen$$an(i oil "urifer ,en$an 9ara
%in#a) #an$ &erasal ,ari <S= ,i-la+ %enja,i ,a 'ra)si #ai( 'ra)si
%in#a) ,an 'ra)si 9airan #an$ %asi+ %en$an,n$ sludge Karena prinsip
)erja ala( ini %en$$an(i)an oil "urifer %a)a %e)anis%e pe%isa+an
&erpe$an$ )epa,a )e%rnian %in#a)" a)i&a(n#a sludge #an$ )elar
%asi+ %en$an,n$ %in#a) se+in$$a perl ,i-la+ la$i ,en$an
%en$$na)an sludge se"arator a(a decanter" se,an$)an 'ra)si %in#a)
&ersi+ lan$sn$ ,i-la+ )e vaccu/ drier.
Decanter se&a$ai pen$$an(i sludge se"arator %en$-la+ 9airan #an$
&erasal ,ari sludge tank. <airan ,ipisa+)an %enja,i 9airan ,an sludge
<airan %in#a) #an$ ,ipisa+)an ,ip-%pa)an )e settling tank" se,an$)an
'ra)si sludge ,i&an$ )e fat-ft n() ,i(ers)an )e ni( pen$-la+an
li%&a+.
0 !$ree P$ase Decanter
!$ree P$ase Decanter &e)erja ,en$an prinsip #an$ sa%a ,en$an two-
"$ase decanter" +an#a (er,apa( per&e,aan ,ari 'ase 'ra)si. Pa,a ala( ini
,i+asil)an G 'ra)si #ai( 'ra)si %in#a)" 'ra)si 9air" ,an 'ra)si pa,a(.
!$ree "$ase decanter ,apa( ,i(e%pa()an se&a$ai pen$$an(i oil "urifer
,an a)an %en$+asil)an 'ra)si %in#a)" 'ra)si air" ,an pa,a(an. ?ra)si air
#an$ %asi+ %en$an,n$ %in#a) ,ilanj()an ,en$an pen$-la+ann#a pa,a
sl,$e separa(-r n() %e%isa+)an sludge ,an %in#a).
Decanter Positioning
Decanter #an$ &er'n$si %e%isa+)an 'ra)si pa,a(" %in#a)" ,an air
%e%&eri)an pelan$ pene%pa(ann#a ,i +l" (en$a+" ,an ,i a)+ir pr-ses
)lari!)asi. Pene%pa(an ,e9an(er ,apa( ,ila))an ,en$an &e&erapa Dariasi
(er$an(n$ ,ari (jan #an$ a)an ,iper-le+ :
1. Hl Se&el% <S=
<airan +asil pressan #an$ )elar %elali oil gutter ,i(a%pn$ ,i crude oil
tank" %e%ili)i )an,n$an l%pr #an$ (in$$i. @%pr (erse&( ji)a
,ipisa+)an se&el% %as) )e,ala% pr-ses )lari!)asi a)an le&i+ &ai)"
)arena l%pr (erse&( (i,a) la$i %en$en,ap ,i ,asar (an$)i )lari!)asi
#an$ ,apa( %enrn)an retention ti/e. Decanter &e)erja %e%erl)an
)esei%&an$an" %a)a ,iperl)an -u1er tank (a%&a+an #ai( ,i(e%pa()an
,ia(as decanter. Kala +an#a %en$$an(n$)an s(a&ili(as (e)anan pa,a
p-%pa ,apa( %en#e&a&)an e!siensi pe%isa+an l%pr #an$ ren,a+ ,an
l-sis %in#a) #an$ (in$$i ,ala% l%pr.
7.=en$a+ se&el% sludge se"arator
<airan #an$ )elar ,ari &a$ian &a:a+ <S= %en$an,n$ l%pr #an$
(in$$i ,an )a,ar %in#a) #an$ %en9apai 10 4. <airan ini ,i-la+ ,ala%
decanter a)an %en$+asil)an : 'ra)si pa,a( a)an ,i&an$" 'ra)si %in#a)
,ip-%pa)an )e <S=" se,an$)an 'ra)si 9air (e(ap ,ialir)an )e sludge tank.
<ara ini a)an %e%&an( sludge se"arator ,an ,apa( %en$$an(i)an sand
cyclone ,an strainer.
G. Hilir )lari!)asi
Pene%pa(an decanter ,i +ilir se&a$ai pen$$an(i sludge se"arator #an$
%e%isa+)an l%pr %in#a) ,an air. /i)a ,i +l ,i(e%pa()an decanter
%a)a pe%isa+ l%pr #an$ ,i(e%pa()an ,ia)+ir )lari!)asi a,ala+ sludge
se"arator. /enis decanter #an$ ,i$na)an %en$$an(i sludge se"arator
a,ala+ decanter 0 "$ase ,an decanter ' "$ase
4. Hilir Klari!)asi Se&a$ai Pen$$an(i Oil Purifer
Pe%rnian %in#a) ,ila))an ,en$an ala( oil "urifer #an$ %e%isa+)an
%in#a) ,an n-n %in#a). Karena si'a(;si'a( ini ,i%ili)i -le+ decanter 0
"$ase %a)a a,a pa&ri) #an$ %en$$na)an decanter %e%isa+)an %in#a)
,en$an l%pr. Me(-,e pr-ses #an$ ,i(erap)an a,ala+ 9airan %in#a)
#an$ )elar ,ari crude oil tank ,ip-%pa)an )e -u1er tank ,an ,ialir)an
)e,ala% decanter ,an a)an %en$+asil)an %in#a)" l%pr ,an 9airan.
Dala% pr-ses ini #an$ %enja,i (jan a,ala+ %e%isa+)an %in#a) #an$
&ersi+ (anpa %e%per(i%&an$)an )e+ilan$an %in#a) pa,a 'ra)si pa,a(.