Unit 1 Test Review Name: _____________________ Period: __________
Important Things To Know Practice Problems
1. The Nature of Science
Science asks How? and is only ONE WAY of knowing. Science is durable and changes when New data or evidence is collected Peer review reduces Bias or the tendency towards one belief.
Science... Can Study Cannot Study Volcanoes Yes Religion No The Sun Yes War & Peace No
2. Observation & Inference
Science involves direct or indirect observation using the 5 senses Quantitative Observations use Numbers to quantify characteristics. Qualitative Observations use Characteristics or language to describe. Our brain then makes logical conclusions or Inferences Decide if each statement is an inference or an observation. Mark if its an inference (I), qualitative observation (QL), or quantitative (QNT).
QNT The barometric pressure dropped from 31 to 29 in I It will rain in the next 24 hours. QNT There are 24 students in our class. QLT It is hot outside. QLT Ms. OBriens favorite color is gray. I After studying, you will pass this test. 3. The Scientific Method
The scientific method is circular, you can never be completely done with an investigation. A hypothesis is NOT an educated guess. It is a testable prediction. What is a hypothesis? Testable Prediction Use the word bank to complete the scientific method. 1. State the Problem 2. Form a Hypothesis 3. Plan Experiment 4. Perform Experiment 5. Record Data 6. Communicate Results
4. Experimental Design Experiments are designed to test a hypothesis. They have two variables that they record or change. Independent variable is What I Change Dependent variable is The Data we record The control group is what would happen normally. Read the hypothesis for each experiment. Underline the Independent Variable (IV). Circle the Dependent Variable (DV).
If the color of light (IV) is changed, the plants under the white light will grow tallest (DV).
If Jodie puts two different rocks in vinegar (IV), after 24 hours the weight (DV) of the limestone will have decreased.
If Homer sprays his shower with coconut juice (IV), the green slime (DV) will have disappeared after three days. 5. Scientific Laws & Theories
Scientific Laws are statement of universal facts. (like the Law of Gravity) Scientific Theories are explanation supported by evidence. (like the theory of evolution) They are more than just a theory. Scientific theories cannot turn into laws. How are scientific laws different from our U.S. laws (like for speeding)?
You do not have a choice to follow Scientific laws. They are facts that are true no matter where you are in the universe.
How are scientific theories different from regular theories? Scientific theories are supported by a lot of evidence. For something to become a theory, every scientist pretty much has to agree and there cannot be any evidence disproving the theory. It is far more than just a theory. 6. Density Facts
Density is a measure of the mass per unit volume.
Density does not change based on the size or shape of a sample.
The density of freshwater is: 1.0 g/ml 1. Draw the density triangle:
2. If the mass of a rock is 20g and its volume is 5 ml, what is its density?
20g / 5 ml = 4 g/ml
3. The original volume of a graduated cylinder is 23.0 ml. After putting in a rock, it reads 25.0ml. What is the volume of the rock?
25ml 23ml = 2 ml
4. If the density of an object is 1.5 g/ml will is sink or float in freshwater?
Sink, it is more dense than freshwater (1.0 g/ml)
7. Calculating Density
The equation for density is:
Density = Mass / Volume
Mass is measured with a scale in units of grams (g). Volume is measured with a graduated cylinder in units of milliliters (ml).