TRNG I HC BCH KHOA TP.

HCM
KHOA K THUT HA HC
B MN CNG NGH THC PHM

O




Tiu lun mn hc Cc k thut hin i trong CNTP

Tn ti:

S dng sng siu m trch ly
isoflavone




GVHD: PGS TS. L VN VIT MN
HVTH: MAI TH HI ANH
NGUYN TH NGN
NGUYN NGC T ANH
NGUYN TH NGUYN THO





NM HC 2010 - 2011
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 1

M U
Isoflavons l mt phytoestrogen c nhiu tim nng trong phng v cha
bnh. C nhiu phng php trch ly isoflavones, t truyn thng n hin i. S
dng sng siu m trong trch ly isoflavons l mt k thut hin i gp phn khc
phc mt s nhc im ca phng php truyn thng nh gim lng dung mi,
gim thi gian chit, an ton v hiu qu v thn thin vi mi trng hn so vi
phng php truyn thng.
Tuy nhin trch ly bng sng siu m c nhiu vn cn quan tm nghin
cu tng hiu qu trch ly, l cc thng s ti u nh hng n quy trnh
nh dung mi, t l dung mi - mu, trng thi mu, nhit , thi gian ly trch,
ngun nng lng sng siu m t hiu qu cao nht.
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 2

2. GII THIU CHUNG
2.1 Sng siu m
2.1.1 Khi nim
Siu m l sng c hc hnh thnh do s lan truyn dao ng ca cc phn t
trong khng gian c tn s ln hn gii hn trn ngng nghe ca con ngi (16-
20kHz). Ngoi ra, sng siu m c bn cht l sng dc hay sng nn, ngha l
trong trng siu m cc phn t dao ng theo phng cng vi phng truyn
ca sng.
Cc thng s ca qu trnh siu m:
- Tn s (Frequency, Hz): l s dao ng phn t thc hin c trong
1 giy, (Hz).
- Bin (Amplitude): biu th mc thay i p sut (so vi p sut
cn bng ca mi trng) trong qu trnh dao ng.
- Cng (Intensity, W/m
2
): l nng lng m sng siu m truyn
trong mt n v thi gian qua mt n v din tch t vung gc vi phng
truyn m. Cng thc tnh I = P/S; trong P l cng sut ca ngun m (W), S l
din tch min truyn m (m
2
).
- Mc cng m (Sound pressure level, B): l i lng c tnh
bi cng thc: L =lg(I/I
o
). Trong I l cng m ti im cn tnh, I
o
l cng
m chun (m ng vi tn s f =1000 Hz) c gi tr l: 10
-12
W/m
2
.

Hnh 2.1: Cc khong tn s ca sng siu m
Con ngi c th nghe c sng m c tn s t 16 Hz n 18 kHz. Sng
siu m l tn gi ca nhng sng c tn s cao hn 18 kHz. Gii hn trn ca tn
s sng siu m thng l 5 MHz i vi cht kh v 500 MHz i vi cht lng
hay cht rn. Trong phm vi ng dng, sng siu m c chia ra thnh sng siu
m tn s thp, nng lng cao (20kHz-100kHz) v sng siu m tn s cao, bin
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 3

nh (2MHz-10MHz) (Kuldiloke J ., 2002).
S dng sng siu m nng lng cao trong cng ngh thc phm ngy cng
c kho st t m. Phn ln cc nghin cu u p dng tn s sng trong khong
t 20 kHz n 40 kHz (Povey M.I.W. and Mason T.J, 1998).
















2.1.2 Thit b pht sng siu m
Thit b pht sng siu m cng phi gm c 3 phn ti cn thit sau:
- B phn chuyn phn ln in nng thnh dng in xoay chiu tn s cao
vn hnh b phn bin i .
- B phn bin i chuyn dng in xoay chiu tn s cao thnh nhng dao
ng. Phn ln thit b pht sng siu m ngy nay s dng k thut p in. Hnh
dng v kch thc ca b phn ny ph thuc vo tn s lm vic, b phn 20 kHz
c chiu di gp i b phn 40 kHz. Nng lng qua b bin i s chuyn ngc
li thnh bnh phng tn s dao ng, v vy thit b nng lng cao tn s thp
c ch trng. B phn bin i ni vi h thng truyn sng thng qua mt thit
b ph (Povey M.I.W. and Mason T.J , 1998).
- H thng truyn sng s truyn nhng dao ng vo trong lng cht lng.
Trong thit b pht sng siu m dng b, b phn bin i c gn y b v
truyn trc tip dao ng vo cht lng trong bn. Tuy nhin, i vi thit b nng
lng cao (thit b dng thanh/que) dao ng c khuych i v truyn vo mi
Hnh 2.2. Phm vi tn s sng siu m

Sng m nghe thy
Sng siu m nng lng cao
Phm vi sng m rng
Sng siu m bin nh
16 Hz 18 kHz
20 kHz 100 kHz
20 kHz 2 MHz
5 MHz 10 MHz


S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 4

trng lng nh thit b trung gian gn vi b phn bin i. Theo thi gian, u
ca b phn trung gian ny c th b mn v b gim chiu di cn thit v vy
ngi ta phi lp u c th tho g c (Povey M.I.W. and Mason T.J , 1998).











2.1.3 Nguyn l tc ng ca sng siu m
2.1.3.1 . Hin tng xm kh thc
Khi sng siu m c truyn vo mi trng cht lng, cc chu trnh ko v
nn lin tip c to thnh. Trong iu kin bnh thng, cc phn t cht lng
rt gn nhau nh lin kt ha hc. Khi c sng siu m, trong chu trnh nn cc
phn t gn nhau hn v trong chu trnh ko chng b tch ra xa. p lc m trong
chu trnh ko mnh thng cc lc lin kt gia cc phn t v to thnh nhng
bt kh nh. Bt kh tr thnh ht nhn ca hin tng xm thc kh, bao gm bt
kh n nh v bt kh tm thi (Kuldiloke J., 2002).
Bt kh n nh l ngun gc ca nhng bong bng kh nh, kch thc ca
chng dao ng nh trong cc chu trnh ko v nn. Sau hng ngn chu trnh, chng
tng thm v kch thc. Trong sut qu trnh dao ng, bt kh n nh c th
chuyn thnh bt kh tm thi. Sng siu m lm rung ng nhng bt kh ny, to
nn hin tng sc sng v hnh thnh dng nhit bn trong cht lng. Bt kh
n nh c th li ko nhng bt kh khc vo trong trng sng, kt hp li vi
nhau v to thnh dng nhit nh (Kuldiloke J., 2002).
Cc bt kh tm thi c kch c thay i rt nhanh chng, ch qua vi chu
Hnh 2.3. Thit b pht sng siu m dng thanh
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 5

trnh chng b v ra. Trong sut chu trnh ko/nn, bt kh ko gin v kt hp li
cho n khi t c cn bng hi nc bn trong v bn ngoi bt kh. Din tch
b mt bt kh trong chu trnh ko ln hn trong chu trnh nn, v vy s khuych tn kh
trong chu trnh ko ln hn v kch c bt kh cng tng ln trong mi chu trnh. Cc
bt kh ln dn n mt kch c nht nh m ti nng lng ca sng siu m
khng duy tr pha kh khin cc bt kh n tung d di. Khi cc phn t va
chm vi nhau mnh lit to nn hin tng sc sng trong lng cht lng, kt
qu l hnh thnh nhng im c nhit v p sut rt cao (5000
0
C v 5x10
4
kPa)
vi vn tc rt nhanh 10
6 o
C/s (Kuldiloke J., 2002).














Hin tng xm thc kh m u cho rt nhiu phn ng do c s hnh thnh
cc ion t do trong dung dch; thc y cc phn ng ha hc nh c s trn ln cc
cht phn ng vi nhau; tng cng phn ng polymer ho v depolymer ha bng
cch phn tn tm thi cc phn t hay b gy hon ton cc lin kt ha hc trong
chui polymer; tng hiu sut ng ho; h tr trch ly cc cht tan nh enzyme t
t bo ng vt, thc vt, nm men hay vi khun; tch virus ra khi t bo b nhim;
loi b cc phn t nhy cm bao gm c vi sinh vt (Kuldiloke J., 2002).

Hnh 2.4. Qu trnh hnh thnh, pht trin v v ca bt kh
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 6

2.1.3.2 Hin tng vi xoy
Sng siu m cng cao truyn vo trong lng cht lng s gy nn s
kch thch mnh lit. Ti b mt tip xc gia 2 pha lng/rn hay kh/rn, sng siu
m gy nn s hn lon cc do to thnh nhng vi xoy. Hin tng ny lm
gim ranh gii gia cc pha, tng cng s truyn khi i lu v thc y xy ra s
khuych tn mt vi trng hp m khuy trn thng thng khng t c (Kuldiloke
J ., 2002).
2.1.4 Cc hiu ng vt l v ha hc khi chiu siu m ln h cht lng
2.1.4.1 Hin tng si bng (cavitation): Sng siu m c to ra
bng cc dao ng c hc tn s cao hn 15kHz. Khi truyn trong mi trng
lng, cc phn t trong trng siu m tri qua cc chu trnh nn (compression) v
dui (rarefaction) v nhng dao ng ny s lan truyn cho cc phn t k cn. Khi
nng lng ln, ti chu trnh dui, tng tc gia cc phn t s vt qu lc
hp dn ni ti v cc l hng nh trong lng cht lng c hnh thnh. Hin
tng trn cn c gi l hin tng si bng. Nhng bng si ny s ln dn ln
bi qu trnh khuch tn mt lng nh cc cu t kh (hoc hi) t pha lng trong
sut pha dn n v khng c hp th hon ton tr li trong qu trnh nn.
2.1.4.2 Hin tng v bng
Khi chng t n mt th tch m chng khng cn c th hp thu c
nng lng, chng v ra mt cch t ngt v nhanh chng. Trong sut qu trnh
v, nhit v p sut s tng ln rt cao (khong 4000K v 1000atm). Th tch
cht lng b gia nhit l rt nh v nhit nhanh chng b tiu tan, mc d nhit ti
vng ny th rt cao trong vi s. Mt khc, nhit v p sut cao to ra khi n
bong bng s dn ti s to thnh cc gc t do nh l H

v OH

.
Cc yu t nh hng n kh nng hnh thnh v v bng
Mt s thng s nh l tn s v bin ca sng siu m, nhit v
nht ca mi trng nh hng n mc to bong bng kh.
S hnh thnh cc l hng hay bng kh c th b gii hn tn s cao hn
2,5 MHz. Kch thc bong bng kh thu c tn s thp hn 2,5 MHz l ti a
v do nhng bong bng kh ny s to ra nng lng ln khi v.
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

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Siu m vi bin cao hn s hnh thnh hin tng si bong bng vi
cng mnh hn. Bong bng c hnh thnh nhanh hn nhit cao hn do
tng p sut hi v gim sc cng. Tuy nhin sc cng hi cao hn s lm yu i
cng n bong bng.
nht ca cht lng cng nh hng n hin tng si bong bng. Trong
mi trng c nht cao, s lan truyn ca cc phn t trong trng siu m b
cn tr v do lm gim mc si bong bng. Trong trng hp ny, siu m c
tn s thp hn v nng lng cao hn c kh nng xuyn thu vo thc phm tt
hn l siu m c tn s cao hn.
2.1.5 ng dng ca sng siu m
Siu m l mt lnh vc ang c nghin cu v c tim nng pht trin trong
ngnh cng ngh thc phm. Sng siu m c tn s t 20kHz n trn 25MHz thng
c ng dng rng ri trong nhiu lnh vc. C 2 lnh vc c ng dng chnh trong
cng nghip thc phm:
- Siu m tn s cao v nng lng thp: cn c gi l siu m chun on, trong
khong tn s 20 60 MHz [51]. Phn ny c s dng nh mt k thut phn tch,
khng lm ph hy cu trc ca mu, iu ny c ng dng xc nh tnh cht thc
phm, o tc dng chy, kim tra bao gi thc phm ....(Floros, J . D., 1994).
- Tn s thp v siu m nng lng cao (2 MHz 10 MHz): c ng dng rng
ri nh mt qu trnh h tr trong hng lot cc lnh vc nh: kt tinh, sy, bi kh, trch ly,
lc, ng ho, lm mm tht, qu trnh oxi ho, qu trnh tit trng (Floros, J . D., 1994).
2.2 Gii thiu v Isoflavone
2.2.1 Cu to

Hnh 2.5: Cu to isoflavone

S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

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Bng 2.1. Danh sch cc isoflavone
TN R
1
R
2
R
3
Daidzein H H H
Glycitein H OCH
3
H
Genistein OH H H
Daidzin H H Glucisyl
Glycitin H OCH
3
Glucosyl
Genistin OH H Glucosyl
Acetyl hoc Malonyl daidzin H H
Glucosyl-COCH
3
hoc
Glucosyl-COCH
2
COOH
Acetyl hoc Malonyl glycitin H OCH
3

Glucosyl-COCH
3
hoc
Glucosyl-COCH
2
COOH
Acetyl hoc Malonyl genistin OH H
Glucosyl-COCH
3
hoc
Glucosyl-COCH
2
COOH
2.2.2 Ngun gc v tnh cht
Isoflavone l cc cht hu c thuc nhm polyphenol c lin quan vi
flavonoid (isoflavone v flavonoid khc nhau v tr gn ca vng benzen). S
khc bit trong cu to phn t gia isoflavone v flavones v tr gn nhm phenyl
vo gc chromone (v tr 3 isoflavone v v tr 2 flavones)
Isoflavone c ngun gc t tho mc, c nhiu trong u nnh. Nhng hp
cht c thnh phn tng t nh isoflavon vn c tm thy trong mt s loi thc
vt nh: c 3 l, c linh lng, cy dongnhng chng khng n c. Cho n nay,
u nnh l loi thc phm duy nht c cha cht isoflavone. l l do ti sao u
nnh thu ht c s ch , tp trung nghin cu t cc nh khoa hc.
C ch hot ng v chc nng isoflavone nh nhng hoocmon n v mang
tnh lnh gip c th chng li chng long xng, bnh tim mch, v 1 s loi ung
th. Thng xuyn s dng isoflavone lm gim t l cc bnh tin mn kinh v
R
3
O
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 9

cc triu chng mn kinh khc.
Theo nh gi ca Branca v Lorenzetti ngh s dng 50 - 110mg
isoflavone mi ngy t 6 - 12 thng ci thin cht lng xng.
3 CC PHNG PHP TRCH LY ISOFLAVON
3.1 Phng php c in
Cc k thut truyn thng s dng soxhlet, Shaking, stirring l nhng k
thut ph bin c s dng ly trch isoflavon.
Cc yu t nh hng:
Dung mi: Theo nghin cu ca Eldridge (1982) s dng dung mi MeOH
v EtOH v etylacetate v MeCN vi u nnh tch bo trch ly isoflavones.
Theo nh gi ny 80% MeOH s cho hiu qu trch ly isflovones l cao nht v
hu ht l c ti sinh c isoflavon.
Thi gian ly trch hiu qu l 4h, t l dung mi: mu th n s khc nhau t
14:1 - 45:1 mt khi iu kin ly trch c thit lp phng php ny c s dng
xc nh hm lng isflavones t bt u nnh, protein concentrates v isolate.
Mt nghin cu i tin phong bi Murphy (1981) so snh nhng dung
mi khc nhau nh MeOH, ACE, MeCN v chloroform-MeOH kt qu ch ra
rng vi dung mi tinh khit th n s lm tng hiu qu trch ly tng hm lng
isoflavones ch yu (Gi, Ge, Di v De) v theo nghin cu ny th MeCN cng vi
nc hoc acid th cho hiu qu trch ly cao hn nhng dung mi cn li.
Theo Murphy th 80% methanol v 83% acid acetonitrile tr thnh dung mi
c s dng ph bin trong vic ly trch isoflavones.
Phng php ny c pht trin bi Murphy v n ph thuc vo lng
mu th tch dung mi lng nc thm vo v k thut khuy o .
Theo Song et al cng cng s (1998) nh gi li phng php ca
Murphy v bo co rng vic s dng nc thm vo acid HCl v MeCN lm tng
kh nng phc hi isoflavones i vi hu ht thc phm t u nnh th 7ml nc
th cho hiu qu ln nht trong vic trch ly s dng mt t l dung mi v mu cao
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 10

hn 6ml/g nhng iu tra ny trn mm u nnh (c hm lng isoflavones cao
trn 10mg/g ).
Theo Achouri (2005) nghin cu ly trch isoflavon t u nnh tch bo
(DSM) v protein u nnh isolate (PSI) kt lun rng :
DSM: 80%MeCN th lm tng hiu qu ly trch malonyl isoflavon v
aglycones, 80% MeOH c hiu qu hn trong vic ly trch glucoside.
SPI:80% EtOH cho hiu qu trch ly aglycon cao nht.
EtOH: hiu qu ly trch cao, t c, thn thin vi mi trng, gi thnh r
S ln trch ly: cng tng th hiu qu cng cao. V d vi mu DSM tng t
65% n 74% sau 5 ln ly trch , SPI: 107 n 147%
Nhit : theo Barnes v cng s (1994) s dng ly trch ispoflavon 60
0
C,
khi tng nhit ln 80
0
C tng tc ly trch.
Coward cng cng s (1998) nh gi nh hng ca nhit ln vic ly
trch isoflavones t thc n t u nnh. Isoflavones -glucoside conjugates c ly
trch bi dung mi l 80% MeOH ti cc khong nhit phng, 4
0
C v 80
0
C,
thi gian t 2- 72 gi bng vic o trn hoc lc rung.
4
0
C: cho nng malonyl glucosides cao nht v nng -glucoside
conjugates thp nht
80
0
C: c s chuyn ha t malonyl glucosides conjugate thnh -glucoside
conjugates, tuy nhin tng lng isoflavons trch ly c vn khng thay i.
3.2 Phng php hin i
3.2.1 K thut trch ly bng sng siu m (Ultrasound-assisted extraction UAF)
s c trnh by chi tit mc 3.
3.2.2 K thut trch ly bng vi sng
L nhng ngun sng c chiu di bc sng t 1mm n 1m, hoc t tn s
300 MHz n 300GHz ly trch bng sng siu m da vo ngun nng lng hp
th bi cc phn t ha hc c cc.
Hiu qu ca phng php s dng vi sng ph thuc vo cc yu t:
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 11

Tnh cht dung mi
Vt liu mu
Thnh phn c ly trch
K thut ny c s dng gn y trong mt vi trng hp nh trch ly
isoflavon t u nnh hay cc loi u, sn dy. Hiu qu ly trch isoflavon t u
nnh bng vi sng c trnh by trong bng 2.2
Bng 2.2. K thut trch ly isoflavones t u nnh bng vi sng

Theo Rostangno et al v cng s, trch ly isoflavon t u nnh ph thuc
cc yu t:
Loi dung mi
Nhit
Th tch dung mi
Chun b mu
Thi gian ly trch
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 12

a. Dung mi: tinh khit, MeOH, EtOH, v nc
b. Lng dung mi: di 50% EtOH, 50% MeOH. 50% EtOH trch ly
tng lng isoflavon cao nht, lng nc s dng thp hn 50% lm gim hiu
qu trch ly.
c. T l mu:dung mi: 0,5:25(g/ml) hiu qa cao nht
d. Kch c mu: nh tt hn
e. Thi gian trch ly: khong 20 pht
f. Hiu sut : khong 75%-95%
Theo nghin cu gn y ca Careri et al v cng s (2007) nghin cu
vic thy phn mu kt hp vi s dng sng siu m. Vic thy phn mu trc
khi s dng vi sng gip n nh mu c th ly trch c gn nh hu ht lng
isoflavon c trong mu.
Nhn chung vic s dng vi sng trch ly isoflavon cho hiu qu cao khi
kt hp vi vic thy phn mu. Tuy nhin cn nghin cu cc thng s trong qu
trnh n nh nh p lc s dng v mt s vn lin quan nh m , hot ng
ca enzyme -glucosidase, kch c mu.
3.2.3 K thut chit lng cao p (PLE)
L phng php kt hp nhit tng cao (50 200
O
C) v p sut (100
140atm) vi cc dung mi lng (khng t im ti hn) tin hnh trch ly nhanh
v hiu qu cc cht cn phn tch t cc c cht mu rn v na rn. Nhit cao
lm cho ha tan v tc khuch tn cc c cht trong mu tng cao, trong khi
p sut cao gi cho dung mi di im si to iu kin cho dung mi xm
nhp vo c cht mu rn d dng hn.
K thut ny c nhng tn gi khc nhau, nh trch ly dung mi tng tc
(ASE), trch ly lng cao p (PLE), v trch ly dung mi cao p (PSE).
PLE c s dng trong nhiu trng hp trch ly isoflavone t u nnh,
thc phm t u nnh v cc c cht khc (sn dy,)
u nhc im ca PLE:
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 13

u im: nhit trch ly cao lm tng ha tan, tc khuch tn ca cc
hp cht trong mu ra dung mi.
p sut cao cho php dung mi duy tr trng thi lng nhit cao v
lm tng s xm nhp ca dung mi vo trong c cht mu.
Nhc im: nhit s dng cao hn so vi cc phng php thng thng
v do lm gim phm cht hoc lm bin i cht lng ca isoflavone trong
qu trnh trch ly.
Ch trch ly nhanh v hiu qu t c cht mu l rn hoc bn rn.
3.2.4 K thut trch ly siu ti hn
Tng quan
K thut trch ly cht lng siu ti hn (SFE) l quy trnh tch mt hp cht
(cht chit) t nhng hp cht khc (cht ban u) dng nhng cht lng siu ti
hn nh mt dung mi tch. Cht lng siu ti hn l cht c nhit v p sut
trn im nhit ti hn ca n. Chng c th m xuyn qua hu ht nhng mu
vt liu thc vt nh kh ga, do bi h s khuch tn nh sng cao v nht ca
chng thp. N l dng trung gian gia th rn v th lng. Thm na, gn ti im
ti hn, nhng thay i nh v nhit v p sut dn n nhng thay i ln v t
trng, cho php nhiu c tnh cng b thay i v thu nhn cht chit c tnh
chn lc. Tc nhn chit thng c dng ph bin nht l CO
2
, bi chi ph v
c tnh ca n thp v d dng t c thng s ti hn l 31,1 C/74,8 atm.
Hn na, CO
2
l cht v cc c th ha tan cc cht v cc v ha tan cc hp cht
c cc mc va phi. S thm vo ca cht h tr c cc ( v d nh MeOH)
CO
2
siu ti hn (SC-CO
2
) l cch n gin v hiu qu nht lm thay i
tnh c cc ca CO
2
da trn cc cht lng lm tng s ha tan ca cc cht cn
phn tch. Cc cht h tr cng c th khc phc nhng tng tc gia cht cn
phn tch v cht ban u, bng cch tng hiu sut trch ly ca cc hp cht hu c
c cc.
Nguyn tc
Mt h thng SFE tiu biu gm mt bm p lc ln dn cht lng v mt
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 14

bung trch ly cha mu m n gip duy tr p lc v nhit chnh xc (hnh I.1).
Dung mi hu c (cng c th gi l cht h tr) c th c thm vo cht lng
lm tng kh nng ha tan; khi c th s dng cc ng ng ni li nhau hay
thm vo mt bm ph. Bi s bt li ca cc ng ng ny ( thiu s linh hot
trong s dng dung mi v t l cht h tr thay i trong sut ng ng), vic
dng bm ph tt hn mc d chi ph u t ban u cao hn.
SFE c th thc hin bng phng php ng hoc tnh. p lc trong h
thng c duy tr bi s c nh hay thay i, tip lm cho p sut khng ph
thuc vo dng chy. Cui chu trnh, cht lng c gim p v cc cht phn tch
c cha trong dung mi hu c. Cc iu kin nh dung mi, nhit ng vai
tr quan trng u tin m bo s thu hiu qu cc hp cht chit. V c nhiu
thng s nh hng n hiu qu trch ly , SFE cho php mc chn lc cao. Mc
d, kha cnh khc, iu ny lm cho mc ti u ha hon toon km v kh
khn trong vic vn hnh.


Hnh 2.6: Nguyn l hot ng ca h thng SFE v cc thng s nh hng
Cc phng php s dng cht lng siu ti hn trch ly isoflavon t
u nnh
Mc d SFE l mt trong nhng k thut trch ly isoflavon phc tp nht do
nhiu c nhiu bin i v s tng tc gia cc cht vi nhau, m c th nh
hng n hiu qu, mt s nh nghin cu ng dng thnh cng SFE chit
tch isoflavon t cc dng khc nhau ca u nnh nh bt, mm v bnh u
nnh, chng hn nh: Mu dng nh gi phng php l ht u nnh sy thng
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 15

hoa, loi isoflavon l Gi-Ge-De, iu kin trch ly: chu trnh ng ko di 20 pht,
chu k tnh 10 pht, tc lu lng CO
2
1ml/pht, thi gian trch ly 90 pht,
trap loi ODS, dung mi sy: 1,5ml MeOH, tc dng kh sy 0,5 ml/pht, trng
lng mu 1g, bung trch 10ml, cht h tr 70%EtOH, nng cht h tr
10mol%.
hu ht cc phng php v k thut hin i, tnh cht n nh ca
isoflavon di nhng iu kin chit tch khc nhau cho ti by gi vn cha c
nghin cu. y l mt iu ht sc quan trng v k thut ny thng s dng
nhit tng i cao. Nhng yu t c bn c tnh n nh ca cc k thut trc
c l ng dng cho SFE v do c th cn nhc cc bin i trong mt mt
no ca isoflavon trong sut qu trnh chit tch. Do , vic nh gi tnh cht
n nh ca isoflavon trong cc iu kin SFE khc nhau, chng hn nh nhit ,
thi gian, s lng v loi cht b tr th cn mt cch cp bch.
Cho n nay, cc phng php chit tch ch pht trin mt mc gii hn
m thi, Chandra et al. kim tra mt s lng c hn cc iu kin vi p sut ,
s lng v loi cht b tr khc nhau trong vic chit tch mt s loi isoflavon
(De v Ge) t cc ngun u nnh khc nhau. Vic nh gi cc iu kin trch ly
cho thy 50 C, 600 atm v 20% EtOH chit sut c s lng isoflavon cao
nht (gn 93%). ng lu l s pht trin ca phng php ny biu din nhng
tiu chun khc nhau trn giy lc vt cn m n c trch ly sau bng SC-
CO
2
. Nhng iu kin c nh gi cao nht l dng phng php chit tch
De v Ge t miso, tu h, v mn n t u nnh v bt t u nnh dng vi cc
mu t 2 n 10g. Mc d c nhng khc phc ln, nhng phng php ny b gi
hn bi nhng iu kin v xc nh s lng isoflavon.
Sau , Rostagno et al. nh gi cch dng CO
2
siu ti hn trong chit
tch isoflavon t ht u nnh (Gi, Ge and De) s dng nhit , p sut v nng
cht b tr khc nhau. S lng ln nht ca Gi and Ge thu c ti 70 C/200
bar/10mol%, trong khi s lng ln nht ca De thu c ti 50 C/360
bar/10mol%. Trong phng php chit tch ca Gi v Ge th nh hng ca nhit
c theo di hn c trong khi phng php chit tch ca De th yu t p lc
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 16

li c ch trng hn c. S tng tc gia nhit v p lc cng c theo di
trong qu trnh chit tch isoflavon. S gim hiu sut chit tch do tng nhit c
th c gii thch do s gim t trng cht lng siu ti hn, trong khi s gim
hiu qu chit tch do tng p sut c th c cho l do s gim h s khuch tn
ca cht lng, m c th gy ra s tng tc vi mu. Mc d vy, ng lu rng
tnh cht n inh ca isoflavon khng t ti c, ch c glucoside (Gi) v
aglycones th n nh v malonyl glucoside th khng xc nh c. Do vic iu
chnh nhit cao va phi to s thoi bin trong sut qu trnh chit tch iu
nh hng n kt qu t c sau ny. C nhng tc gi a ra ngh rng
s thy phn enzyme ca Di c l xut hin trong qu trnh chit tch v nh hng
n nhng kt qu sau ny, bi nhit chit thch hp nht l 50C gn vi nhit
ti u cho hot ng ca glucosidase.
Gn y, Kao et al. thay i nhng iu kin th nghim c nh gi kh
quan bi Rostagno et al. [118] l dng 70% EtOH nh mt cht h tr thay v
70% MeOH v nghin cu mt phm vi tng t ca nhit v p sut cho SFE
ca isoflavone (tt c gm 12 cng thc ha hc chnh hin din trong ht u
nnh) t bnh lm t u nnh. Mt quan trng ca phng thc ny , bn cnh s
phc hi ln (87,3% khi c so snh vi s trch ly bng ly tm), l s lng
taats c cc dng cu to ha hc ca isoflavon v l bo co u tin ca vic s
dng nhng cht lng siu ti hn cho vic ly trch malonyl v acetyl isoflavone.
Nhng kt qu cho thy s lng ln nht ca malonyl glucoside v glucoside thu
c ti 60C v 350 bar, trong khi mt mc cao ca acetyl glucoside v
aglycone l sn xut ti 80C v 350 bar. S lng cao nht ca isoflavone tng thu
c 60C/350 bar, c th dn n nng kh quan ca malonyl and glucosides
trong mu. Mc d mt s h tr khc c s dng n l s tng tc ca
nhit v p sut ging nhau nh Rostagno et al. [118] bo co.
Mc d, khi trong hu ht cc nghin cu, tnh n nh khng c nh gi
v nhng kt qu c th b nh hng s thoi bin ca malonyl v glucoside
isoflavone ti cc dng acetyl and aglycone tng ng. C nhng tc gi cho
rng, mc d dng nhit thp hn nhit nu v nng, s thoi ha vn c th
xut hin c s kt hp vi p sut. Tng s malonyl glucoside gim sau khi tng
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 17

nhit trch ly, m i hi phi c s ha tan ca cc dng cu to ha hc ny
hoc c s bin i acetyl glucoside, glucoside hay aglycone, m iu ny c l
gii thch nhng s lng cao nht thu c ti 80C.
Araujo et al. [cng kim tra cc iu kin nhit , p sut, cht h tr v
nng cht h tr khc nhau cho SFE ca De v Ge t mm ht u nnh sau khi
thy phn. Lng isoflavon cao nht thu c ca phng php ny ti 60 C, 380
bar s dng phng php trch ly ng v tnh ba chu k trong 15 pht vi s thm
vo 10 mol% ca 80% MeCN. Hn na, nhng cht h tr v s khc nhau v p
sut c nhng tc ng c ngha ti hiu qu trch ly. Khng c isoflavon no m
khng c trch ly vi cc cht h tr v nh hng ni bt ca ca p sut trong
lng thu c t 2 loi isoflavon ny (De v Ge) c cho l do s gim p sut
hi thch hp v tng t trng ca cht lng v ng hc ca ca cc hp cht t
mu ban u. Khi tng p sut s hp th din ra nhanh hn v s ha tan tt hn
iu c gi tr cho vic trch ly. H cng kho st xu hng ging nhau bi
Rostagno et al., l vic nng cao lng cht trch ly bng cch tng p sut ph
thuc vo nhit vi s tng quan giu p sut v nhit . Hn na, nhng
khc bit chnh ca cc cht h tr th nghim. Dng 80% MeOH, 80% EtOH and
80% MeCN nh cht h tr, mt lng c lin quan n aglycone c trch ly
theo ln lt 9.61%, 11.27% v 25.65% khi c so snh vi vic khuy tng ng.
R rng, dng phng thc ngh l 80% MeCN th hiu qu hn 80% EtOH v
80% MeOH.
Mt cch tip cn khc l s dng SC-CO
2
trc y lm giu hay lm
sch mu cht nn vi isoflavon bng cch chuyn cc hp cht t cht nn, nh bi
bo co ca Yu et al., y a ra cc mm u nnh c tch du bi SC-CO
2
v
c dng sn xut protein u nnh giu isoflavone.
Mt trong nhng gii hn ca nghin cu ny l vic dng chin lc cng
mt thi im nh gi khch quan cc iu kin trch ly m cc cht lng siu
ti hn khng c cp nhiu, do c nhiu s khc bit v tng tc m
chng nh hng n hiu sut hn l cc k thut trch ly khc. Bc tin tt nht
l vic s dng SC-CO
2
nhng ch mi dung trong th nghim, n thch hp cho
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 18

cc iu kin trch ly.
C nhiu nh hng khc nhau n vic trch ly dung SFE, khng ch gm p
lc, nhit , loi v s lng cht h tr m cn c cc yu t khc nh cc chu
trnh ng v tnh hc, tc dng CO
2
, cu to trap, dung mi sy v tc
sy Cu to trap v cc iu kin tch ra (dung mi, tc dng chy v
nhit ) cho n nay cha c nghin cu v c l cng nh hng n s tch
ly isoflavon v cn c u t trong tng lai. Mu cng l nhn t quan trng
bi kch thc ht v nhng tng tc vi cht nn (v d tng tc vi hot tnh
ca glucosidase). Cc thnh phn ca mu nh du c th cn tr vic trch ly cc
hp cht m ph thuc vo t trng cht lng. Hn na, nhng iu kin trch ly c
th c nhng tc ng ln n mt thng s trch ly no , v nhng khc nhau
trong vic trch ly c chn lc nn c nghin cu k to nn hiu qu trch ly cao
nht. V vy, nhiu nghin cu vn cn nh r tim nng ca cc cht lng siu ti
hn trong vic trch ly isoflavon t ht u nnh v cc thc phm t u nnh.
4. S DNG SNG SIU M TRCH LY ISOFLAVONE
4.1. Quy trnh trch ly (ly v d t u nnh)

Hnh 2.7: S trch ly isoflavones t u nnh


UAE


S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 19

Thuyt minh quy trnh:
T mu c ngun gc t u nnh qua mt s khu x l mu: ng ha,
nghin, sy, lnh ng (i vi dng mu lng: nc ung t u nnh,),thy
phnta thu c mu nguyn liu em trch ly.
Trch ly: c th s dng cc phng php truyn thng hoc hin i nu
trn, sn phm sau khi trch ly s qua mt s khu x l nh: ly tm, lc, c c,
thy phn, chit lng cao p,
Sn phm sau khi tinh sch c phn tch, nh lng bng mt s phng
php: GC/GC-MS, HPLC/HPLC-MS,
y ta tm hiu hiu qu qu trnh trch ly bng sng siu m:
Hiu qu trch ly cc hp cht khi s dng sng siu m tng ln l nh s
to thnh cc bt kh trong dung mi khi sng truyn qua. Di tc dng ca sng,
cc bt kh b ko nn, s tng p sut v nhit lm cc bt kh n v, to nn
hin tng sc sng. Khi s n v ca cc bt kh gn b mt pha rn, xy s
mt i xng, sinh ra tia dung mi c tc cao vo thnh t bo, do lm tng
s xm nhp ca dung mi vo t bo v lm tng b mt tip xc gia pha rn v
pha lng. iu ny lm tng s truyn khi v ph v cu trc t bo. S n v ca
cc bt kh lm tng s thot ra ca cc cht ni bo vo dung dch. S dng nhit
cao trong k thut UAE c th lm tng hiu qu trch ly v n lm tng s hnh
thnh v n v cc bt kh.
Mt vi thng s, cng ging nh trong cc k thut truyn thng, c th nh
hng n hiu qu trch ly cc cht khi s dng sng siu m nh: s phn cc v
lng dung mi, khi lng v loi mu, thi gian trch ly v 1 s thng s ca
sng siu m nh: tn s, cng , s dao ng s nh hng ln n ng lc
trch ly.
UAE c s dng trch ly isoflavone t ht u nnh, thc phm ch
bin t u v t nhiu ngun c cht khc nh u phng, c ba l, r v cy sn
dy, r cy Hong k, r cam tho
Mt trong nhng nghin cu u tin v trch ly isoflavone t u c thc
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 20

hin bi Rostagno. Cc yu t c kho st nh dung mi, nhit , lng mu v
thi gian, nhng thng s quan trng nht l dung mi (lng nc), nhit v
thi gian trch ly.
Cc yu t nh hng
4.1.1. Nguyn liu
Ty thuc tnh cht (nguyn liu mng t bo, cht nguyn sinh, mt s tp
cht), trng thi rn lng, cch thc chun b mu nguyn liu (kch thc) s nh
hng rt ln n kt qu trch ly.
Chng hn, i vi kch thc vt liu, qu trnh trch ly xy ra ch yu do
thm thu v khuch tn nn kch thc vt liu cng nh, din tch tip xc cng
ln v hiu qu trch ly cng cao. Nguyn liu phi c xay nh n mc thch
hp dung mi c iu kin tip xc trc tip vi thnh t bo mt cch d dng,
thc y qu trnh chit xut nhanh chng v nng cao hiu xut chit.
Bng so snh k thut trch ly di y cng cho ta thy iu ny. i vi
mu dng mnh (soy bits) khi s dng UAE lng trch ly t c thp hn nhiu
so vi khi mu dng bt (soy flour).







4.1.2. Dung mi
La chn dung mi trch ly: dung mi trch ly l cc dung mi ho tan c
hp cht cn trch ly. Kh nng ca dung mi li ph thuc mt vi tnh cht ca
n nh phn cc, nht, sc cng b mt...
Bng 2.3. So snh cc k thut trch ly
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 21

Cc isoflavone cc hp cht phn cc, nn ch yu s dng dung mi phn
cc nh nc, ethanol, methanol, dd acid long
Cc ti liu cng b thng s dng mt s dung mi nh: MeCN, EtOH,
MeOH, ACE
Trong mt s nghin cu so snh v cho cc kt qu:
Mt trong nhng nghin cu u tin v trch ly isoflavone t u c thc
hin bi Rostagno. Cc yu t c kho st nh dung mi, nhit , lng mu v
thi gian, nhng thng s quan trng nht l dung mi (lng nc), nhit v
thi gian trch ly. Hiu qu trch ly tng khi s dng sng siu m, tuy nhin cng
cn ph thuc vo dung mi s dng. 50% EtOH, 50% MeOH, 40% MeCN t
c tng lng iso flavone cao nht. Dung mi thch hp nht cho tng loi iso
flavone th cn ph thuc vo cu to ha hc ca n. Ni chung th cho tt c cc
loi th hiu qu trch ly cao nht khi khi s dng dung mi vi 40-60% lng
nc.
Achouri so snh 3 dung mi: 80%MeCN +HCl 0,1N; 80% MeOH; 80%
EtOH trch ly cc c cht khc nhau (u tch bo, protein u nnh) v thy
rng 80% MeOH v 80% EtOH trch ly c lng isoflavone cao nht t c hai
mu nguyn liu. Quan st thy rng s dng siu m trch ly 15 pht nhiu bng
5 ln trch ly bng phng php lc (tng thi gian l 10h) (Hnh di). y l theo
di quan trng, v MeCN l mt dung mi c s dng ph bin trong k thut
trch ly truyn thng, iu ny chng t khng s dng dung mi ny cho trch ly
bng sng siu m.
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 22


Hnh 2.8: nh hng ca sng siu m v vic rung lc (sau 5 ln trch ly)
ln tng hm lng isoflavone t SM v SPI vi 3 loi dung mi khc nhau.
Gn y, Bajer so snh dung mi nguyn cht MeOH, MeCN, v ACE
trch ly De v Ge t bt u nnh. MeCN cho lng cao nht v c nghin cu
thm khi b sung 0-50% nc v 60% MeCN cho kt qu tt nht.
Lin v Giusti m t s nh hng ca tnh phn cc dung mi v axit v hiu
qu trch ly ca isoflavones t u nnh. Cc tc gi tin hnh trch ly vi su dung
mi khc nhau phng php l mt s kt hp ca ba cc v hai mc acid ha
(83% ACN, 83% axit ha ACN, 80% MeOH, 80% axit ha MeOH, 58% ACN, v
58% axit ha ACN). Dung mi axit ha c chun b bi 2ml trn l 0,1 N HCl
vi 12 ml dung mi. Cc tc gi ch ra rng cc dung mi c tnh phn cc cao
(Ch s phn cc, P '=6,7-7,4) cung cp hm lng isoflavones trch ly cao hn t
u nnh. Tnh axt ha trong cc dung mi chuyn isoflavone lin kt thnh
aglycones tng ng. Vic s dng cc dung mi c tnh axit nn trnh nu mc
ch ca nghin cu l nh lng v nh gi hot tnh sinh hc v sinh kh dng
ca cc hnh thc khc nhau ca isoflavone lin kt. Trong s su dung mi nghin
cu, cc tc gi quan st thy rng 58% acetonitrile khng b axit ha cung cp hm
lng isoflavones cao nht m khng thay i cu trc lin kt ca chng
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 23

So snh phng php trch ly truyn thng v trch ly c s dng sng siu
m trch ly isoflavone t b r cy sn dy:
Ethanol l dung mi trch ly, n thng c s dng trch ly cc hp
cht thc phm v n an ton cho sc khe. V theo kt qu nghin cu dung mi
vi 80% ethanol v 20% nc cho hiu qu trch ly cao nht.
Bng 2.4. nh hng ca thi gian trch ly vi s khc nhau v thnh
phn dung mi n sn lng isoflavone trong phng php truyn thng v
phng php s dng sng siu m

Vic s dng ethanol-nc l dung mi trch ly v s lin quan n phn
cc, s trng n m t bo thc vt v tng hp th sng siu m. iu kin ti u
trch ly l 3 h khi s dng sng siu m 40kHz 80
0
C. p dng sng siu m
80
0
C, dung mi nc-ethanol lm tng lng cht trch ly c gp 3 ln so vi khi
khng p dng 25
0
C v 1,6 ln 80
0
C. Lng cc i thu c l 7,28g
isoflavone t 100g bt r thi khi s dng song siu m vi dung mi ethanol-nc
(80:20) 80
0
C trong thi gian 6h.
S thay i ha hc ca isoflavones c th xy ra trong qui trnh trch ly. Cn
c mt dung mi c bit s chuyn i l t nht.
Nng -glucosides v acetyl glucosides c th c tng ln hoc b gim
bt trong quy trnh, aglycones c th tng ln v l h qu ca s chuyn i ha
hc. Mt lng ln nhng hp cht ha hc t c ny khng c ngha l t
c hiu qu trch ly cao m ch l kt qu ca s chuyn i ha hc. V vy
tht kh xc nh dung mi hiu qu nht cho s trch ly -glucosides, acetyl
glucosides v aglycones bng cch so snh lng cht thu c thng thng.
Malonyl isoflavone l dng hp cht ha hc d b gim phm cht, v th nu t
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 24

c mt lng ln malonyl isoflavone trong nguyn liu c trch ly chng t
hiu qu trch ly ca dung mi cao, cng nh l qu trnh ngn nga nhng chuyn
i ha hc tt hoc l c hai iu ny. Trong trng hp khng xc nh c
lng malonyl glucosides th la chn tt nht l xc nh tnh n nh ca n trong
sut quy trnh x l.
Ni v dung mi th thng c ni v mt thun li v khng thun li. V
d: MeCN thng thng c th trch li c nhiu isoflavone hn MeOH v
EtOH, tuy nhin, gi thnh cao, c, tnh thn thin vi mi trng thp hn MeOH
v EtOH.
4.1.3. K thut trch ly
Nhit v thi gian:
Nhit trch ly c mi lin h vi hiu qu trch ly: Nhit tng th lm
tng lng isoflavone thu c. Tuy nhin, nhiu hp cht isoflavone khng bn
nhit v c th b gim cht lng trong sut qu trnh trch ly , iu ny nh
hng trc tip n cc hot tnh sinh hc ca isoflavone.Ngoi ra, nhit cao cn
tng trch li protein, pectin, l nhng thnh phn to bt. Theo thng k mt s
nghin cu th thy rng khong nhit cho trch ly isoflavone thng t (40-
80
0
C). v d: trch ly isoflavone t mu nc ung u nnh (hnh 2.9 ), 45
0
C cho
lng cao nht.




Hnh 2.9: nh hng ca nhit ln hiu qu
trch ly isoflavone t thc ung t u nnh
Tuy nhin cn lu la chn nhit ph hp trnh lm oxi ha cht cn
tch.
Thng thng, cc phng php cho thy t c nhanh v trch ly s
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 25

lng trong 20 pht. kim tra s lng thu c, kt qu c lp li 5 ln so
snh m khng c sai khc. Hu ht (80-90%) isoflavone trong bt u c trch
ly trong 10 pht. (Griffith v Collison). Ko di thi gian trch ly 30 pht lm gim
mt lng isoflavone.
Rostagno quan st s gim hiu qu trch ly khi lng nc cao >60%, n
c cho l do lm tng cc sn phm ca r ha tan vo nc di tc dng ca
sng siu m. Vi bo co ny, c s gim nh lng isoflavone tng s t c
khi trch ly 30 pht vi 50% EtOH 60
0
C so vi khi trch ly trong 20 pht. Achouri
cng c kt lun tng t, ng quan st v trong trng hp ny, tng lng
isoflavone gim nu trch ly t 15-30 v 60 pht. Nh vy, nn trch ly vi thi gian
ngn khi s dng sng siu m.
S ln trch ly
Ty thuc vo mu nguyn liu v phng php trch ly, s ln trch ly s nh
hng n lng isoflavone thu c. Chng hn, theo nghin cu ca Allaoua
Achouri, J oyce Irene Boye *, Denis Belanger v nh hng ca s ln trch ly
isoflavone trong u nnh:
Tng lng isoflavones sau mt ln trch ly (E1) bng dung mi c a ra
hnh 2.
Lp li trch ly 5 ln tng c lng isoflavone mi loi 56%, 61%, 56%,
53%, 42%, 54%, 100%, 60% v 83% mu SM cho daidzin, glycitin, genistin,
daidzein, glycitein, genistein, malonyldaidzin, malonyl-glycitin and malonyl-
genistin, (Bng di). i vi mu SPI cng vy.
Ln trch ly th hai hu ht sn lng isoflavones nhiu nh ln th nht, v
sau ln trch ly th nm tng lng tng ln xp x 123%, 119%, 120%, 128%,
89%, 101%, 101%, 153% v 142% cho tng loi tng ng daidzin, glycitin,
genistin, daidzein, glycitein, genistein, malonyl-daidzin, malonylglycitin v
malonyl-genistin.
Vi cc dung mi c s dng, lng isoflavones tng s sau nm ln trch
ly (so snh vi ch sau mt ln) th tng 74%, 69% v 65% i vi mu SM; 147%,
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

Trang 26

103% v 107% i vi mu SPI, s dng dung mi acetonitrile, methanol v
ethanol.

Hnh 2. 10:Tng lng isoflavone trong mu bt u nnh (SM) v protein u
nnh (SPI) sau mt ln trch ly (E1) v nm ln trch ly (E5)
Nhng kt qu ny khng nh rng mt ln trch ly isoflavones c cp nh
phng php nu trn th nng isoflavones trch ly c thp hn nh lng .
S khc nhau v sn lng isoflavones trch ly c mu SM v SPI th rt th v.
Vi mu giu protein (SPI), sau 1 ln trch ly ch t 41% isoflavone so vi 58%
mu c hm lng protein thp (SM), s dng dung mi ACNHCl. iu ny c
th do tng tc ca proteinpolyphenol trong mu SPI. Trong bi bo (Boye,
1999) ni rng c rt nhiu s tng tc bao gm lin kt hydrogen, ionic v lin
kt cng ha tr v ch yu l tng tc k nc vi hp cht proteinpolyphenol.
Nhng s tng tc ny b nh hng nghim trng bi nhit , pH, nng
mui...







S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

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Bng 2.5 : nh hng ca s ln trch ly n lng cc isoflavone t mu bt
u v protein u nnh s dng 3 dung mi

Cng sut siu m:
Da vo kt qu nghin cu ca XU Huaneng, ZHANG Yingxin v HE
Chaohong, ta thy, cng sut in u vo cng cao th hm lng trch ly
isoflavone t c cng cao (hnh minh ha).
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Hnh 2.11 nh hng ca cng sut in n hiu qu trch ly isoflavone
Khuy trn:
Trch ly lng rn l cn thit cho s phn on cc cu t t nguyn liu t
nhin. Nhng hiu sut trch ly lng rn rt thp bi v tc truyn khi thp. S
khuy o thng c dung lm tng tc truyn khi nhng tc ng ca s
khuy o ln qu trnh truyn khi rt gii hn. Nguyn nhn chnh l tc trch
ly c kim sot khng ch bi tc truyn khi trong mng lng quanh mu tri
cy m cn bi tc khuch tn bn trong. Kt qu l, s khuy khng nh hng
n tc trch ly khi tr lc truyn khi trong mng lng gim n mt phm vi
no tc trch ly ch b kim sot bi s khuch tn bn trong.
T l nguyn liu: dung mi: t l nguyn liu : dung mi cng nh th hiu
qu qu trnh trch cng cao. Tuy nhin, cn thit phi nghin cu nhiu t l nguyn
liu : dung mi (SSR) thp hn xc nh SSR m ti n khng tng na cc
mc trch ly. iu ny m bo vic s dng dung mi tit kim nht v hiu
qu nht.
Ngoi ra ty theo cht c th m cn nhiu yu t khc: PH, s dng cht
khng oxy ha h tr, nhit nguyn liu
5. KT LUN
Tm li c nhiu phng php trch ly cc loi isoflavone, i vi phng
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

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php truyn thng c mt s nhc im sau:
+S dng mt lng dung mi ln, thng c, v chi ph cao.
+Thi gian chit ko di, chn lc khng cao.
+Trch ly vi nhit cao v thi gian ko di nh hng cht lng sn phm.
Cc phng php hin i c nhiu u im hn hn phng php truyn thng.
+Gim lng dung mi s dng, gim ph thi.
+ Dung mi xanh, chn lc cao, d thu hi.
+Gim thi gian chit.
+An ton, hiu qu, d t ng.
+C th kt hp cc phng php phn tch trc tuyn.
Qua nhng tm hiu, ta thy UAE l phng php y trin vng vi hiu sut
trch ly cao c minh chng r rng qua bng tham kho v vic so snh cc k
thut trch ly isoflavone t cc sn phm u nnh (c bit hiu qu cao i vi
dng bt) di y.
Bng 2.6: So snh hiu qu trch ly isoflavone ca cc phng php

K thut trch li isoflavone t u nnh v thc phm ch bin t u s dng
sng siu m cho hiu qu tt, c th trch ly c lng cao, thi gian cha y 30
pht t nhiu loi mu khc nhau vi nhng dung mi thng thng. R rng, nhit
cao thi gian trch ly s ngn v t l nc mc trung bnh cho n mc cao
S dng Sng siu m trch ly Isoflavone

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trong dung mi cn thit cho hiu qu trch ly.
So vi mt s k thut nh PLE v SFE, nhng phng php ny cho nhng
sn phm trch ly tng i sch khng cn phi lc sau , trong khi s dng UAE
bc lc l yu cu.
Cht lng ca isoflavone thu c sau qu trnh trch ly:
S n nh isoflavone trong sut qu trnh trch ly s dng UAE dng nh
cha c nghin cu nhiu ti thi im ny. Mt lng ln dung mi, bn cht
dung mi, thi gian trch ly di, nhit cao u c th nh hng lm bin i cc
dng isoflavone. V d: S thay i ha hc ca isoflavones c th xy ra trong qui
trnh trch ly. Cn c 1 dung mi c bit s chuyn i l t nht.
Nng -glucosides v acetyl glucosides c th c tng ln hoc b gim
bt trong quy trnh, aglycones c th tng ln v l h qu ca s chuyn i ha
hc. Mt lng ln nhng hp cht ha hc t c ny khng c ngha l t
c hiu qu trch ly cao m ch l kt qu ca s chuyn i ha hc. V vy
tht kh xc nh dung mi hiu qu nht cho s trch ly -glucosides, acetyl
glucosides v aglycones bng cch so snh lng cht thu c thng thng.
Malonyl isoflavone l dng hp cht ha hc d b gim phm cht, v th nu t
c mt lng ln Malonyl isoflavone trong nguyn liu c trch ly chng t
hiu qu trch ly ca dung mi cao, cng nh l qu trnh ngn nga nhng chuyn
i ha hc tt hoc l c hai iu ny.
nh hng ca dung mi, nhit , cng sng v tn s ln s n nh
isoflavone trong UAE v cch trnh nhng bin i v cht lng cn c
nghin cu chi tit hn trong tng lai.
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TI LIU THAM KHO