1

FkksFkk puk] ckts ?kuk

kfUrdkjh tuoknh ekspkZvkjMh,Q

16oha yksdlHkk pqukoksa ds nkSjku dkaxzsl ds pqukoh ukjs HkO; ^Hkkjr
fuekZ.k*] eksnh ds xqtjkr fodkl ekWMy] clik dh lks'ky bathfu;fjax ds chp vke vkneh
ikVhZ vki us Hkh Hkz"Vkpkj eqDr fodflr Hkkjr ds ukjs ds lkFk nkosnkjh isk
dhA fudyks ckgj edkuksa ls] tax yM+ks csbZekuksa ls] cnysxh jktuhfr D;ksafd
'kq:vkr dh gS vki us] bl ckj pysxh >kMq Hkkjr tSls vkd"kZd ukjksa ds lkFk vjfoan
dstjhoky ds usr`Ro esa vke vkneh ikVhZ pqukoh naxy esa mrjhA
fnYyh esa igyh ckj fo/kkulHkk pquko yM+rs gh 70 esa ls 28 lhVksa ij thr us
vke vkneh ikVhZ dks vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj ij ppkZ esa yk fn;kA tuer laxzg ds tfj, ljdkj
cukus ds dkj.k bl ikVhZ us dkQh yksxksa dks /;ku viuh vksj [khapkA 49 fnu pyh
vke vkneh ikVhZ dh ljdkj dbZ fu.kZ;ksa o dkjZokbZ ds dkj.k fookfnr Hkh jghA
tgka ,d vksj dstjhoky vkSj mldh ljdkj ds eaf=;ksa us oh-vkbZ-ih- laLd`fr dk
fojks/k dj yky cRrh dh xkfM;ka o Hkkjh lqj{kk barstkekr dks udkjdj vke vkneh tSlk
gksus dk nkok fd;k( fnYyhokfl;ksa dks 20 fdyks yhVj ikuh eqr eqgS;k djokus ds
pqukoh ok;ns ds vuqlkj ikuh dh vkiqrhZ dk izca/k fd;k( iwoZ ljdkjksa }kjk fnYyh ty
cksM+Z o fo|qr dEifu;ksa esa gq, Hkz"Vkpkj dk inkZQk'k djus ds fy, tkap ds
vkns'k fn, Fks( eYVh&czkaM fjVsy esa fons'kh izR;{k fuos'k ,QMhvkbZ ij jksd
yxkbZ( Hkz"V vf/kdkfj;ksa ds f[kykQ fLVax vkijs'ku dk vkg~oku djrs gq, ,d
gSYiykbZu uEcj tkjh fd;k ftl ij yksx lh/ks f'kdk;r ntZ djok ldrs Fks( ikVkZ dsfcu vkSj
vuqi;ksxh clksa dks cs?kjksa ds jSuclsjs ds :i esa iz;ksx djus ds vkns'k fn,( turk dh
leL;kvksa lquus ds fy, fooknkLin turk njckj yxk;k( fnYyh iqfyl dks fnYyh ljdkj ds
ekrgr ykus ds fy, eq[;ea=kh us 33 ?kaVs dk /kjuk fn;kA ogha nwljh vksj dstjhoky
dh ljdkj esa dkuwu ea=h us eksgYys esa os';ko`fr jksdus ds uke ij lHkh tuoknh o
ukxfjd vf/kdkjksa dks rkd ij j[k vhdk dh efgyk ls nqjO;kogkj fd;k( vke vkneh
ikVhZ ds ,e,y, fouksn dqekj fcUuh us ikVhZ usr`Ro ij euethZ djus dk vkjksi yxk;k(
turk njckj dqizca/ku dh HksaV p<+ x;k( yk[kksa turk us }kjk ntZ dh xbZ Hkz"Vkpkj
dh f'kdk;rksa esa ek=k 1200 dks gh xEHkhj ekurs gq, dkjZokbZ ds fy, mi;qDr
ekuk x;kA
var esa fnYyh fo/kkulHkk esa tuyksdiky fcy ikfjr us gks ikus dk dkj.k crkrs gq,
dstjhoky us eq[;ea=kh in ls R;kxi= nsdj vxys yksdlHkk pquko dh rS;kfj;ka 'kq: dj
nhA dkaxzsl uhr dsUnz ljdkj }kjk vEckuh dks Qk;nk igqapkus ds fy, xSl ds nke
c<+kus dk] eksnh uhr xqtjkr ljdkj }kjk vEckuh&vM+kuh dks tehu [kjhnus o VSDl
esa fj;k;r nsus dks pqukoh eqn~nk cukrs gq, dstjhoky us dgk fd oks ^pqukoh
jktuhfr djus ds fy, ugha] cfYd O;oLFkk ifjorZu ds fy, vk, gSaA* mlus ^tehuh
yksdra=*] ^Hkkxsnkjh okyk yksdra=*] ^fVdk fodkl*] ^lekos'kh fodkl* ^lokZboy
LVjsVth* ^ksuh dSfiVfyTe* ^xousZfcfyVh ^MsekssfVd Vkaft'ku* vkfn ukjksa
ds tfj, O;oLFkk ifjorZu dh ?kks"k.kk dhA
2

bu dneksa ds dkj.k tgka chtsih us vjfoan dstjhoky dks ^'kgjh ekvksoknh*
crk;k] ogha dkaxzslh ea=h t;jke jes'k us Hkkjr ds ekvksokfn;ksa dks ulhgr nsrs gq,
dgk&
^dstjhoky O;oLFkk ls uk[kq'k gS ijUrq mlus pquko yM+us dk QSlyk fy;k gS
tksfd ,dek= yksdrkaf=d jkLrk gSA ;fn ekvksoknh bls cnyuk pkgrs gSa rks
ekvksokfn;ksa dks bl O;oLFkk esa 'kkfey gksuk pkfg,] gfFk;kj D;ksa mBk, tk,sa\*
1

Kejriwal is unhappy with the system but has decided to contest elections which is the only democratic way.
The Maoists should enter the system if they want to change it, why take up guns,
dbZ mnkjoknh&tuoknh cqf)thoh] lalnh; okeiaFkh o lektoknh /kkjk dh ikfVZ;ksa
ds dbZ usrk] foLFkkiu fojks/kh tukanksyu ds usrk dstjhoky ds oDrO;ksa vkSj mlds
mBk, dneksa ls izHkkfor gksdj vke vkneh ikVhZ esa 'kkfey gks x,A mudk rdZ gS
fd vke vkneh ikVhZ ns'k dh turk dks dkaxzsl&chtsih ds Hkz"Vkpkj] ywV vkfn ls gh
eqfDr ugha fnyk,xh] cfYd eksnh tSls Qklhoknh dks Hkh lRrk esa dkfct gksus ls
jksd ldrh gSA
16oha yksdlHkk pqukoksa esa vke vkneh ikVhZ us 350 ls vf/kd mEehnokjksa
dks eSnku esa mrkjkA lalnh; jkLrs ls jktuhfr vkSj ns'k dh O;oLFkk cnyus ds nkos
ds dkj.k vke vkneh ikVhZ dh rrh'k djuk t:jh lk gks x;k gS D;ksafd blls igys lhih,e]
lhihvkbZ] lhihvkbZekys us ,slk gh nkok fd;k Fkk] mUgksusa viuh /kkj rks
[kksbZ gh] cfYd lhih,e rks lkekftd Qklhoknh rkdr esa rCnhy gks xbZA ;g rrh'k
blfy, Hkh t:jh gS rkfd O;oLFkk esa vkewy&pwy ifjorZu ds fy, vkSj Qklhokn ls
yM+us ds fy, lgh jkLrs dks [kkstk tk ldsA izLrqr ys[k blh n`f"Vdks.k ls fy[kk tk jgk
gS tks bl cgl esa 'kk;n dksbZ ;ksxnku ns ik,xkA

1- vke vkneh ikVhZ dk fo'o n`f"Vdks.k & lrgh dkjZokbZ gh
i;kZIr gS

vjfoan dstjhoky us tSls gh fnYyh esa eYVh&fjVsy esa fons'kh izR;{k fuos'k ij
izfrca/k yxk;k] dkjiksjsV ehfM;k us vke vkneh ikVhZ dks okeiafFk;ksa esa Hkh oke
dguk 'kq: dj fn;kA ikVhZ dh vofLFkfr lkQ djus ds fy, ikVhZ ds ofjV uhfr fuekZrk o
j.kuhfrdkj ;ksxsUnz ;kno us rqjar c;ku tkjh fd;k &
^vke vkneh ikVhZ lektoknh vkSj iwathoknh fdlh Hkh fopkj/kkjk dk vuqeksnu
ugha djrhA ge O;ogkjoknh izsxesfVd vkSj leL;k gy djus okyh ikVhZ gSaA*
2

Yogendra Yadav, a senior policy-maker and strategist, said AAP neither endorsed socialist nor capitalist ideology.
We are a pragmatic and a problem solving party,"

1
bafM;u ,Dlizsl] 29 ebZ 2013- archive.indianexpress.com/story-print/1122026/, 3/29/14 dks
ns[kk x;kA ys[k esa fn, x, lHkh oDrO;ksa esa tksj ys[kd dk gSA

2
n LekVZ baosLVj] 9 tuojh] 2014-
www.smartinvestor.in/market/interviews-220578-interviewsdet-
Yogendra_Yadav_says_AAP_is_a_pragmatic_and_problem_solving_party.htm#.Uum9wdJHKSo. 30/01/14
dks ns[kk x;k
3

vFkZO;oLFkk o jktuhfr esa O;ogkjoknh izsxesfVd gksus dk ,syku djus
okys bu jktuhfrKksa us ?kksf"kr fd;k fd ftl dk;Z ls rRdkfyd ifj.kke feyrs gksa] ogh
lgh gS vFkkZr leL;k dks gy djus ds fy, mldh tM+ksa rd tkus dh t:jr ugha gS] mlesa
varfuZfgr ifj?kVukvksa dks le>us dh t:jr ugha gS] cfYd lrgh rkSj ij dqN rRdkfyd
cnyko dj nsuk gh i;kZIr gSA

d- izsxesfVTe & vesfjdk esa mitk euksxroknh vknkZokn nkZu
,d n'kZu ds crkSj izsxesfVTe dks jax&:i 1870 esa vesfjdk esa feyk vkSj blds
izoZrd Fks vesfjdh nk'kZfud] xf.krK o HkkSfrdhfon~ pkYlZ laMlZ ik;lZ] ftlus
izsxesfVd 'kCn dks bEekuqvy dkaV ls izxesfVd fo'okl esa ls mBk;k Fkk] us bls
Lo:i fn;kA 20 lnh dh 'kq:vkr esa fofy;e tksUl vkSj tku MsOgh us bls vkxs fodflr
fd;kA fofy;e tsEl ds vuqlkj izSxesfVTe fdUgh fl)karksa dk leqPp; ugha gS cfYd ,d
i)fr gSA
^izSxesfVd rjhdk eq[;r% mu iSjkHkkSfrdh fooksnksa dks fuiVkus dh i)fr gS
tksfd vU;Fkk vuUr rd pyrs jgrs gSaA lalkj ,d gS ;k nks\& e`r gS ;k vktkn\& HkkSfrd
gS ;k vkfRed\& ;s ,slh /kkj.kk gSa ftuesa ls dksbZ ,d lalkj ds fy, vPNh gks Hkh ldrh
gS vkSj ugha Hkh( vkSj bu /kkj.kkvksa ij fookn dHkh [kRe ugha gksrk\ ,sls
ekeyksa esa izSxesfVd rjhdk gS fd ge izR;sd /kkj.kk dks buds O;ogkfjd urhtksa
ds vk/kkj ij [kkstchu djds O;[;kf;r djus dh dksf'k'k djsaA blls fdlh ds mij O;ogkj esa
D;k QdZ iM+rk gS fd buesa ls dksbZ ,d /kkj.kk lp gks\ ;fn [kkst ds nkSjku blesa
dksbZ O;ogkfjd varj ugha gS rks bldk nwljk eryc gS fd ;s O;ogkj esa ,d gh pht gS
vkSj fookn csdkj gSA*
3

"The pragmatic method is primarily a method of settling metaphysical disputes that otherwise might be
interminable. Is the world one or many?-fated or free?-material or spiritual?-here are notions either of
which may or may not hold good of the world; and disputes over such notions are unending. The
pragmatic method in such cases is to try to interpret each notion by tracing its respective practical
consequences. What difference would it practically make to any one if this notion rather than that notion
were true? If no practical difference whatever can be traced, then the alternatives mean practically the
same thing, and all dispute is idle.

iSzxesfVTe ds ckjs esa fy[krs gq, ysfuu us 1906 esa dgk &
^gkfy;k vesfjdh n'kZu esa uohure QS'ku 'kk;n izxesfVTe gS ;wukuh 'kCn
izxek ls & dkjZokbZ( vFkkZr dkjZokbZ dk n'kZuA nk'kZfud if=dk,a fdlh Hkh pht
ls T;knk izxesfVTe ds ckjs esa T;knk cksyrs gSaA izxesfVTe iSjkHkkSfrdh dk
etkd mM+krk gS pkgs oks HkkSfrdoknh gks ;k Hkkooknh] vuqHko vkSj dsoy
vuqHko dk gh t;?kks"k djrk gS] O;ogkj dks gh ,dek= ekinaM ekurk gS] vkerkSj ij
iksftfVfoLV vkanksyu dk gokyk nsrk gS] bl fo'okl ds fy, fd foKku ^;FkkZFk dh
fujis{k izfrfyfi* ugha gS fo'ks"kr% vkLVokYM] eSd] fi;jlSu] ik;uds;j vkSj nwgeu dk
leFkZu pkgrk gS] vkSj -- vkSj O;ogkfjd mn~ns'; ds fy, vkSj dsoy O;ogkfjd mn~ns';

3
ts-,l-] ,xsaLV izsxesfVTe cqtZvk fQyksflQh ^esM bu ;w,l,*] n dE;wfuLV] vad 2 la[;k 2] twykbZ 1978]
izdk'kd& vkjlhih ifCyds'ku] f'kdkxks] i`-&6
4

ds fy, bu lcls ,d Hkxoku dk fuxeu cxSj fdlh iSjkHkkSfrdh vkSj vuqHko ds fdlh
ca/ku dks ikj fd, cxSj lQyrkiwoZd djrk gSA*
4

"Perhaps the 'latest fashion' in the latest American philosophy is 'pragmatism' (from the Greek word
'pragma'-action; that is, a philosophy of action). The philosophical journals speak perhaps more of
pragmatism than of anything else. Pragmatism ridicules the metaphysics both of materialism and
idealism, acclaims experience and only experience, recognizes practice as the only criterion, refers to the
positivist movement in general, especially turns for support to Ostwald, Mach, Pearson, Poincare and
Duhem, for the belief that science is not an 'absolute copy of reality' and.. .and successfully deduces from
all this a God for practical purposes, and only for practical purposes, without any metaphysics, and
without transcending the bounds of experience (cf. William James, Pragmatism. A New Name for Some
Old Ways of Thinking, New York and London, 1907, pp. 57 and 106 especially). From the standpoint of
materialism the difference between Machism and pragmatism is as insignificant and unimportant as the
difference between empirio-criticism and empirio-monism.


O;ogkj@vuqHko dks gh ,dek= ekinaM okys bl nk'kZfud n`f"Vdks.k ds vuqlkj
lp Hkh ,d fopkj ek= gS ftldh ij[k O;ogkj esa mi;ksxh lkfcr gksus ij gh gksxhA bl
n'kZu ds vuqlkj lPpkbZ dk HkkSfrd vfLrRo ugha gS] fopkjksa ls ijs HkkSfrd txr esa
mlds vfLrRo dks ;g n'kZu Lohdkj ugha djrkA blfy, lPpkbZ dks tkuus&le>us ds fy,]
phtksa dh vkarfjd xfr idM+us ds fy,] phtksa dks mldh lEiw.kZrk esa O;[;kf;r djus ds
fy, fdlh nk'kZfud fopkj dh] fdlh rjg dh dVSxfj;ksa dh] oSpkfjd i)fr dh t:jr ugha gSA
dsoy vkSj dsoy vuqHko ds tfj, mi;ksxh lkfcr gksuk lp gSA bl rjg lksp ds Lrj ij fo'o
dh O;k[;k djuk o ;FkkZFk ij idM+ cukuk vlEHko gSA fofy;e tsEl fy[krs gSa &
^lPps fopkj oks gS ftudk ge lekos'k dj ldrs gSa] oS/k Bgjk ldrs gSa] iqf"V dj
ldrs gSa vkSj lR;kfir dj ldrs gSaA ;gh gekjs fy, O;ogkfjd varj gS ftls ge lPpk fopkj ik
ldrs gSaA-- lp ,d fopkj gksrk gSA ;g rHkh lp gksrk gS tc ;g ?kVukvksa ls lp curk
gSA*
5

"True ideas are those that we can assimilate, validate, corroborate and verify. False ideas are those that we
cannot. That is the practical difference it makes for us to have true ideas. . . . Truth happens to an idea. It
becomes true, is made true by events."

bldk eryc gS fd lp tSlh dksbZ pht rc rd ugha gksrh tc rd og lp lkfcr ugha gks
tkrhA blls vkxs c<+dj fofy;e tsEl fy[krs gSa &
^rqe blds ckjs esa bl rjg Hkh dg ldrs gks fd ;g mi;ksxh gS D;ksafd ;g lp gS ;k
fd ^;g lp gS D;ksafd ;g mi;ksxh gS*A bu nksuks okD;ka'kksa dk ,d gh vFkZ gS fd
;kfu fd ;gka ,d fopkj gS ftls iwjk fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj lR;kfiFk fd;k tk ldrk gSA---
lPpkbZ] bls la{ksi esa dgk tk, rks] gekjs le> cukus ds nkSjku dsoy mfpr gS] tSls fd
^lgh* gekjs O;ogkj ds nkSjku dsoy mfpr gSA lHkh rjg ds QS'ku esa mfpr gS vkSj
nwjxkeh rkSj ij vkSj lkjs dk;Zdky esa mfpr gS--*
6


4
mijksDr] i`-&12
5
mijksDr] i`-&8
6
mijksDr] i`-&8
5

"You can say of it then either that 'it is useful because it is true' or that 'it is true because it is useful'. Both
these phrases mean exactly the same thing, namely that there is an idea that gets fulfilled and can be
verified. . . .When a moment in our experience, of any kind whatever, inspires us with a thought that is
true, that means that sooner or later we dip by that thought's guidance into the particulars of experience
again and make advantageous connexion with them. . . . 'The true', to put it very briefly, is only the
expedient in the way of our thinking, just as 'the right' is only the expedient in the way of our behaving.
Expedient in almost any fashion; and expedient in the long run and on the whole of course. . . . "

lHkh phtksa dh ij[k O;ogkj esa gksrh gSA ;gka ij ;g n'kZu esa ekDlZoknh
n`f"Vdks.k tSlk izrhr gksrk gS gSA ijUrq ;g n'kZu cqfu;knh :i ls ekDlZokn ls fHkUu
gh ugha] cfYd ekDlZokn fojks/kh Hkh gSA ekDlZokn esa fdlh fopkj dks flQZ blfy,
lp ugha ekuk tkrk D;ksafd og mi;ksxh gSA blds mYV dksbZ pht blfy, mi;ksxh gS
D;ksafd og lp gSA lp dk rkRi;Z mi;ksfxrk ugha gSA cfYd lp dk eryc gS fd gekjs
fopkj ;FkkZFk ds vuqlkj gS vkSj ;FkkZFk dks mldh iw.kZrk esa le>us ds fy,
}a}kRed HkkSfrdokn gh oks [kqnZchu vkSj nwjchu gS ftlds tfj, ge oLrqxr ;FkkZFk
dks] mldh vkarfjd xfr ds fu;eksa dks le>rs gSa vkSj rnuqlkj ;FkkZFk dks cnyus ds
fy, dkjZokbZ ds rkSj&rjhds r; djrs gSaA O;ogkj ds tfj, ge ij[krs gSa fd ge ;FkkZFk
dks le>us esa fdrus dke;kc gq, rkfd mldks le`) djrs gq, oLrqxr ;FkkZFk dks] mlds
vkarfjd xfr ds fu;eksa dks ;kfu lPpkbZ ds T;knk ls T;knk utnhd tk ldsA ekDlZokn
Hkh O;ogkj dks izkFkfed ekurk gSA ijUrq O;ogkj ls mldk eryc gS fd lkekftd O;ogkj
lPpkbZ dks ekius dk iSekuk gS u fd og [kqn gh lPpkbZ gSA tcfd
lPpkbZ@;FkkFkZ dk fopkj ls brj Lora=k vfLrRo gSA ysfuu ds vuqlkj&
^^Kku--ekuoh; O;ogkj esa---dsoy rHkh mi;ksxh gks ldrk gS tc og oLrqxr
lPpkbZ dks izfrfcfEcr djrk gks] lPpkbZ tksfd bUlku ls Lora=k gSA HkkSfrdokfn;ksa
ds fy, ekuoh; O;ogkj dh ^lQyrk* gekjs fopkj vkSj gekjs cks/k esa vkbZ oLrqvksa
dh oLrqxr izd`fr ds lkn`';rk dks izekf.kr djrh gSA**
7

"Knowledge can be useful. . . in human practice... only when it reflects objective truth, truth which is
independent of man. For the materialist the 'success' of human practice proves the correspondence
between our ideas and the objective nature of the things we perceive,"

fopkj O;ogkj esa iSnk gksrs gSa( vkSj fl)karks o O;ogkj ds feyku dh izf;k
esa vkxs fodflr gksrk gSA ;fn ;g izf;k oSKkfud rjhds ls lEiUu gksrh gS] ;fn fopkj
okLrfodrk dks vkSj vf/kd lEiw.kZrk esa izfrfcfEcr djrk jgrk gS] blh ls mu fu;eksa dh
[kkst gksrh gS vkSj mu ij xgjh idM+ curh gS ftuls oLrqxr lalkj pyrk gSA gkykafd ;g
[kkst vkSj xgjh idM+ vkSj fu;eksa ds dF; dHkh Hkh vfUre vkSj fujis{k ugha gksrs
cfYd O;ogkj esa budh ij[k gksrh jgrh gS vkSj }U}kRed rjhds ls gh lPpkbZ dh T;knk
aps Lrj ij c<+rs jgrs gSaA bl rjg lPps fopkj O;ogkj esa gh iSnk gksrs gSa vkSj
O;ogkj esa ij[ks tkrs gSaA bl rjg izsxeSfVTe ds foifjr oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k ds vuqlkj
O;ogkj mu vkarfjd ;FkkFkZ ds fu;eksa dh [kkst vkSj rnuqlkj mudk iz;ksx gSA


7
mijksDr] i`-&23

6

[k- izSxesfVd le>nkjh ds vk/kkj ij dkjZokbZ % kkldksas dk fgr
lk/kus okys ewY;ksa dks c<+kok
ijUrq vke vkneh ikVhZ dh jktuhfr ds fy, lPpkbZ tkuus ds fy, xgjk v/;;u djus dh
vko';drk ugha gS D;ksafd mldk edln bu leL;kvksa dk funku djuk ugha gS] cfYd
yksdyqHkkou ukjksa ds tfj, oksV cVksjuk gSA blfy, izsxeSfVTe dks rOotks nsus
okyh vke vkneh ikVhZ ds usrk 'kk;n Hkwy tkrs gSa fd leL;kvksa dh xgjkbZ esa tk,
cxSj] leL;k ds vkarfjd fu;eksa vkSj O;kid lkekftd izf;k ls mls tksM+dj ns[ks cxSj
mldk funku djus ds dksf'k'k ukdke;kc gh ugha gksrh] cfYd tufojks/kh Hkh gks tkrh
gSA vke vkneh ikVhZ dh :ph leL;kvksa dks iwjs rkSj ij [kRe djus dh vkSj c<+us
dh ctk; izsxeSfVd n'kZu dks viukdj lrgh rkSj ij dqN dkjZokbZ djuk Hkj gSA
vke ikVhZ dh le>nkjh esa jktuhfr leL;kvksa dh tM+ksa dh vksj ns[kuk gS
gh ugha] mls nqjLr djuk rks nwj dh dksMh gSA og cgqer turk dh rRdkfyd jk; ds
eqrkfcd dqN dkjZokb;ksa dks vatke nsus rd gh lhfer gSA ihus ds ikuh dh
miyCkrk dk funku djus ds fy, dSaVj ekfQ;k ij yxke dluk dkQh gSA muds fy,
cykRdkj dk funku cykRdkfj;ksa dks Qkalh fnyokus rd lhfer gS( os';ko`fr dh
leL;k dk irk yxus ij iqfyl dkjZokbZ djokuk dkQh gS( ;kSu mRihMu ds funku ds
fy, lsokfuo`r QkSft;ksa dk vyx foax cukus esa ns[krs gSaA mijksDr leL;kvksa
dks tM+ewy ls [kRe djus ds fy, u rks fir`lRrkRed ewY;ksa ls yM+us dh t:jr gS
vkSj u gh bu ewY;ksa dks j{kd cus 'kkld oxZ lsA bu leL;kvksa ls fuiVus ds fy,
vke vkneh ikVhZ dh dkjZokbZ dk izLFkku fcanw turk esa QSyh uLyoknh]
vakjk"Voknh lksp cu jgh gSA fnYyh esa vke vkneh ikVhZ ds usrk o ea=h
lkseukFk Hkkjrh us mxkaMk dh efgykvksa ds lkFk dh xbZ cnlywdh bl rjg dh
lksp dk ifj.kke gSA
pwafd Hkkjr esa vkt Hkh 'kkld oxksZa dks iksf"kr djus okyh fir`lRrk]
vakjk"Voknh] tkfroknh] lkEiznkf;d] uLyoknh] fopkjkkjk dk izHkko cgqr T;knk
gS blfy, ,slh dkjZokbZ ^cgqer ds vR;kpkj* dh 'kDy vf[r;kj dj tkrh gSaA vQty xq:
dh Qkalh dk leFkZu] d'ehj esa tuer laxzg djokus ds fopkj ls ihNs gVus vkSj
d'ehj dks Hkkjr dk vfHkUu vax ?kksf"kr djus vkfn esa bl O;ogkjoknh
fparu&n`f"V dk Hkjiwj ;ksxnku gSA ijUrq orZeku 'kks"k.kdkjh lkekftd <+kaps
dks gYdh lh pqukSrh nsus okyk NksVk lk dne vke vkneh ikVhZ dks ^vuko';d
vlarks"k vkSj vU;k; dh Hkkouk* iSnk djrk gqvk fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA izkseks'ku
esa vkj{k.k dk fojksk djrs gq, vke vkneh ikVhZ fy[krh gS &
^vke vkneh ikVhZ dk dguk gS fd izkseks'ku esa vkj{k.k ^vuko';d vlarks"k vkSj
vU;k; dh Hkkouk o fo"ke fLFkfr* iSnk dj nsrk gSA* ^izkseks'ku ikWfylh] tksfd
oafpr lewgksa ds cgqr NksVs dqyhuksa ds ckjs esa gh gS] tSls lhfer eqksa ij
Qksdl djus dh ctk, lkekftd U;k; ds rjQnkjksa dks viuh mtkZ mPp xq.koRrk okyh
Ldwy o mPp f'k{kk ikus esa U;k;laxr igqap ij dsUnzhr djuh pkfg,A*
8


8
http://www.aamaadmiparty.org/news/statement-on-the-current-controvesry-about-reservation-in-promotions,
3 ebZ 2013 dks ns[kk x;kA
7

This creates unnecessary heartburn and a sense of injustice, which is not in keeping with the spirit of the
system of reservations..Instead of focusing on limited issues like promotion policy, that concern a tiny
elite from disadvantaged groups, proponents of social justice should focus their energy on the bigger
question of equitable access to high quality school and higher education.
bl Hkkkk esa orZeku tkfr O;oLFkk dks dk;e j[kus ds i{k/kj ;wFk QkWj
bfDofyVh dh >yd fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA vke vkneh ikVhZ oafpr tkfr;ksa ds lkFk
lSadM+ksa lkyksa ls fd, tk jgs vR;kpkjksa vkSj vU;k; dh ctk; mPp tkfr ds dqN
yksxksa ds lEHkkfor ^valrks"k o vU;k;* ij T;knk fpafrr fn[kykbZ iM+ jgh gSA
bl rjg vke vkneh ikVhZ mUgha ewY;ksa dks c<+kok nsrh gSa tks 'kkld
oxksZa ds fgr esa gSaA O;ogkjoknh jktuhfrd n`f"Vdks.k ds tfj, vke vkneh ikVhZ
'kkld oxZ ds fy, ,d ,slk vkoj.k fufeZr dj jgh gS tks 'kks"kdksa dh Hk;kud
lPpkbZ;ksa vkSj djrwrksa dks Hkz"Vkpkj dh yM+kbZ dh vkM+ esa Nqik tkrh
gSA bl rjg vke vkneh ikVhZ 'kkld oxkZsa }kjk fd, tk jgs 'kks"k.k vkSj mRihMu ij
inkZ M+kyus ds fy, ^>wBh psruk* dk fuekZ.k dj jgh gSaA
mPp tkfr; Hkkouk ls xzflr] fir`lRrkRed rdksZ o vakjk"Voknh fopkjksa ds
vkkkj ij viuh jk; o dkjZokbZ r; djus okyh bl ikVhZ dk Hkfo"; vU; nfd;kuwlh fopkjksa
dks Hkh viuk ysus esa fn[kykbZ ns jgk gS ftlds ^cgqer ds vR;kpkjksa* esa gh
rCnhy ugha gksxh cfYd mldk flyflyk fgUnqoknh lkEiznkf;drk] tkfroknh
dkjZokbZ;ksa dk leFkZu djus rd tkrk gS tksfd varr% ;g Qklhokn vkSj fujadq'krk dh
vkSj c<+ tkrk gSA izsxeSfVd fparu izf;k ls ,sls gh ifj.kke fudyus dh lEHkkouk lcls
T;knk gksrh gSA Qklhokn ds tud bVyh ds rkuk'kkg eqlksfyuh dgrs gSa %
^fofy;e tsEl dk O;ogkjokn esjs jktuSfrd thou esa esjs fy, vR;kfkd mi;ksxh jgkA
tsEl us eq>s fl[kk;k fd dksbZ Hkh dkjZokbZ dks blds fl)kafrd vkkkj dh ctk; blds
ifj.kke ls vkadk tkuk pkfg,A eSaus tsEl ls lh[kk fd dkjZokbZ esa Hkjkslk j[kuk pkfg,]
thus vkSj yM+us dh blh izcy bPNk'kfDr dk Qklhokn viuh lQyrk ds cM+s fgLls ds
dtZnkj gSA*
9
-
The pragmatism of William James was of great use to me in my political career. James taught me that an
action should be judged by its results rather than by its doctrinary basis. I learnt of James that faith in
action, that ardent will to live and fight, to which Fascism owes a great part of its success."

2- vke vkneh ikVhZ dk Lojkt & fo'o cSad dk ,tsaMk %

vke vkneh ikVhZ dk ?kks"k.kk i= Lojkt 'kh"kZd ds rgr xzke lHkk vkSj eksgYyk
lHkk dks T;knk 'kfDr;ka nsus dh odkyr djrk gSA ?kks"k.kk i= dgrs gS fd xzke lHkk
vkSj eksgYyk lHkk dks gh viuh t:jrksa vkSj izkFkfedrkvksa ds vuqlkj fodkl ds ckjs
esa fu.kZ; ysus dk vf/kdkj gksuk pkfg,A QSlys ysus] ;kstuk, cukus] ljdkjh Ldwy
vkSj izkFkfed LokLFk; dsUnz dk lapkyu djus] lfVZfQdsV tkjh djus ds vf/kdkj Hkh
xzke lHkk o eksgYyk lHkk dks feyus pkfg,A eq[;ea=h ls cuus ds fy, turk dh jk;
tkuus ds fy, ^tuer laxzg* djokus dks vusd cqfthfo;ksa us turk ds gkFk esa lRrk

9
ts-,l-] ,xsaLV izsxesfVTe cqtZvk fQyksflQh] i`-&34

8

LFkkukarj.k dh izf;k ds crkSj ns[kkA ijUrq ;g rrh'k dk ekeyk gS fd vke vkneh
ikVhZ }kjk ?kksf"kr fodsUnzhdj.k yksdrkaf=dj.k dh izf;k dk fgLlk gS ;k ;g ns'k ds
lkearh oxZ dks etcwr djus vkSj foo cSad ds funsZkksa dks ykxw djus dk tfj;k
gSA

d- orZeku O;oLFkk esa Lojkt % izfrf;kokfn;ksa dks etcwr djus dk
vL=
Hkkjr esa vkerkSj ij xzke lHkk ;k eksgYyk lHkk bykds ds izHkqRo'kkyh tkfr ds
izHkko'kkyh yksxksa ds eqrkfcd pykbZ tkrh gS ftlesa yxHkx lHkh QSlys mUgha
ds }kjk fy, tkrs gSaA vf/kdrj lHkkvksa esa vke vkneh dh Hkwfedk ,d ewdn'kZd dh
gksrh gS ;k fQj dqN ekeyks mls viuk er j[kus dh btktr gksrh gSA ijUrq vafre QSlyk
izHkqRo'kkyh yksx gh ysrs gSaA izHkko'kkyh yksxksa vkSj turk ds chp dk lEca/k
cjkcjh okys u gksdj ijEijkxr rkSj ls pys vk jgs laj{kd&vlkeh patron-client relation
okys gksrs gS ftlesa lkekftd gSfl;r] /keZ vkSj lEifRr dh vga Hkwfedk gksrh gSA
10

tc rd lRrk ds bu L=ksrksa esa cnyko ugha gksxk( bl tkfr vk/kkfjr fijkfefM; lkekftd
<+kps dks rksM+us dk dksbZ dk;Ze cukdj dkjZokbZ ugha dh tk,xh( vkSj bykds
o xkao dh lRrk etnwj fdlkuksa ds gkFk esa ugha vk,xh( rc rd xzkelHkkvksa vkSj
eksgYyk lHkkvksa dkss QSlys fy, tkus dk vf/kdkj nsuk izHkqRo'kkyh tkfr;ksa ds
ncax yksxksa dks rkdroj cukdj lkearh rkdrks dks etcwr djuk gksxkA [kklrkSj ij xkao
esa tkfr; 'kks"k.k&mRihMu dks rst dj T;knk ljIyl mxkgh djus o efgykvksa dh
;kSfudrk o Je ij fu;a=.k c<+kus esa bl rkdr dk iz;ksx djsaxsA uoEcj] 1949 esa
lafo/kku lHkk esa cgl ds nkSjku Mk- vEcsMdj us xka/kh dh xzke Lojkt ds vo/kkj.kk
dks [kkfjt djrs gq, dgk Fkk &
^;g dgk tkrk gS fd u;k lafo/kku jkT; dh izkphu fgUnw ekWMy ds vuqlkj MkV
gksuk pkfg, vkSj u, lafo/kku esa if'peh fl)karksa ds 'kkfey djus dh ctk; u;k lafo/kku
xkao iapk;r vkSj ftyk iapk;r ds vk/kkj ij cuuk o fufeZr gksuk pkfg,A-- os Hkkjr esa
dsoy dbZ xzkeh.k ljdkjsa j[kuk pkgrs gSaA Hkkjrh; cqf)thfo;ksa dk xzke leqnk; ls
izse ;fn d:.kktud ugha rks vlhfer t:j gS--- eS ekurk gwa fd xzke x.kjkT; Hkkjr dh
cckZnh gSA blfy, eq>s vk'p;Z gS fd tks izkarh;okn vkSj lkEiznkf;drk dk fuank djrs
gSa oks xkao ds pSfEi;u cudj lkeus vk jgs gSaA xkao LFkkuh;rk ds ijukys] vKkurk
dh [kksg] ladh.kZ fnekx vkSj lkEiznkf;drk ds vykok D;k gSa\*
11

It is said that the new Constitution should have been drafted on the ancient Hindu model of a
State and that, instead of incorporating western theories, the new Constitution should have been
raised and built up on village panchayats and district panchayats. They just want India to
contain so many village governments. The love of the intellectual Indian for the village
community is of course infinite if not pathetic" I hold that these village republics have been
the ruination of India. I am therefore surprised that those who condemn Provincialism and

10
Mk- ch- vkj- vEcsMdj] ,fUgys'ku vkWQ dkLV] uok;.kk ifCyds'ku] fnYyh i`- 230-
11
23 uoEcj 1949 dks Hkkjr dh lafo/kku lHkk esa cgl] parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/v11p9m.htm,
09@04@2014 dks ns[kk x;kA

9

communalism should come forward as champions of the village. What is the village but a sink of
localism, a den of ignorance, narrow-mindedness and communalism?"

mRrj izns'k esa eqtQjuxj] jktLFkku ds xksikyx<+ esa fd;k x;k eqLyekuksa dk
dRysvke] nqfyuk esa xk;ksa dks cpkus ds uke ij dh xbZ nfyrksa dh gR;k] /keZiqjh]
[kSjykath] fepZiqj esa nfyrksa dh gR;k] iatkc ds injh dyka esa nfyrksa dk lkekftd
cfg"dkj] bTtr ds uke ij izseh&izsfedkvksa dh gR;k] if'pe caxky esa efgyk dks ltk
nsus ds fy, fd;k x;k lkewfgd cykRdkj n'kkZrk gS fd vkt Hkh Hkkjr esa xkao dh
fLFkfr cqfu;knh rkSj ij cnyh ugha gSA
pwafd ekDlZoknh dE;wfuLV ikVhZ lhih,e ds egklfpo izdk'k dkjr dk nkok gS
fd lkekftd U;k;] yksdrkaf=kdj.k vkSj lRrk dk fodsUnzhdj.k tSls vke vkneh ikVhZ ds
,tsaMs rks yEcs le; ls mudh ikVhZ dk dk;Ze jgk gSA blfy, lhih,e uhr ljdkj dh
vuqHko bl ekeys essa egRoiw.kZ Hkh gSa] tgka ijEijkxr lRrk dks dk;e j[kdj dk;e
fd;k x, iapk;rh jkt :ih ^fodsUnzhdj.k* us u, tehankjksa dks iSnk fd;k tks varr%
lkekftd Qklhokn esa rCnhy gks x;kA
12
vke vkneh ikVhZ ds usrkvksa }kjk
pqukoksa ls Bhd igys [kki iapk;r dks flQZ okn fookn fuiVkjk djus okys lkekftd
laxBu ds :i esa ekU;rk nsuk n'kkZrk gS
13
fd ;g ikVhZ ml [kki ds i{k esa [kM+h gks
jgh gS tks xkaoksa esa mPPk tkfr; lkearh lRrk dk;e j[kus dk lcls cM+k gfFk;kj gSA
lRrk dk lgh fodsUnzdj.k dsoy rHkh lEHko gS tc xkao ds mRihM+d vkSj
'kks"k.kdkjh lkekftd <kaps dks rksMdj etnwj fdlku] ftlesa efgyk,a vkSj nfyr Hkh
'kkfey gksaxsa] dh lRrk dk;e djuk gks] tksfd tula?k"kksZa ds tfj, tehankjksa ls tehu
Nhudj Hkwfeghuksa o xjhc fdlkuksa esa iwuZforfjr dj lkewfgd [ksrh&ckMh o
NksVs m|ksx /ka/ks dk;e djus dh vksj c<+s vkSj lkFk gh tkfroknh mRihMu vkSj
'kks"k.k ds f[kykQ yM+rs gq, czkgE.koknh] tkfroknh o fir`lRrkRed fopkj/kkvksa o
jktuSfrd la?k"kZ djsA
orZeku lkekftd <+kapsa ds jgrs gq, lRrk ds fodsUnzhdj.k dk gj dne fujdqa'krk]
'kks"k.k&mRihMu dks gh c<+kok nsxk tksfd Qklhokn esa Hkh rCnhy gks ldrk gSA

[k- lgHkkxh yksdra= & foo cSad ds funsZkksa dks tehu ij mrkjus
dk tfj;k
orZeku O;oLFkk ds varxZr vxj fdUgha xzke lHkkvksa o eksgYyk lHkk esa
etnwj&fdlku ds gkFk esa ml {ks= dh lRrk vk Hkh tk, rks Hkh ljdkj ij fuHkZj gksdj
fodkl djuk vlEHko gS D;ksafd vke vkneh ikVhZ ds fodsUnzhdj.k esa xzke lHkk
vkSj eksgYyk lHkkvksa dks fodkl xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, lykuk /ku vkoaVu dk QSlyk
dsUnz ljdkj ds gkFkksa esa gh djsxhA
14
bldk eryc ;g Hkh gS fd ljdkjh Ldwy vkSj

12

How revisionists turned into Social-fascists in Nepal and West Bengal, fiiqYl ekpZ vad 4, vizSy ebZ 2003]
http://www.bannedthought.net/India/PeoplesMarch/PM1999-2006/archives/2003/apr-may2k3/open_letter.htm, 15 vizSy] 2014 dks ns[kk x;kA

13
th U;wt] fnukad 1 Qjojh] 2014] http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/aam-aadmi-party-defends-
existence-of-khap-panchayats_908432.html, 15 vizSy] 2014 dks ns[kk x;kA

14
vke vkneh ikVhZ dk ?kks"k.kk i= esa Lojkt 'kh"kZd varZxr] i`- 5] 8] vizSy] 2014 dks ns[kk x;kA
10

izkFkfed LokLFk; dsUnz dk lapkyu djus ds fy, lalk/ku Hkh xzke lHkk vkSj eksgYyk
lHkk dks vius Lrj ij gh tqVkus gksaxsa D;ksafd vke vkneh ikVhZ us ;g ?kks"k.kk
Hkh dh gS fd ty&taxy&tehu o izkd`frd lEink] tksfd xkao ds vkfFkZd o HkkSfrd
t:jrksa vkSj vk; ds eq[; lk/ku gS] ij lEiw.kZ vf/kdkj jkT; dk gksxkA bl rjg xkao dh vk;
ds L=ksrksa ij Hkh ljdkjh fu;a=.k jgsxk vkSj fodkl ds fy, /ku vkoaVu ljdkj dh euethZ
ls gksxkA fo'o cSad dh bZtkn dh xbZ ^lgHkkxh yksdra=* ikfVZflisVjh
Mseksslhs ,slh gh gksrh gSA
xkSjryc gS fd fl)kFkZ etwenkj }kjk fyf[kr fdrkc eksfnRo esa] ftldk foekspu chtsih
ds khkZ usr`Ro us fd;k Fkk] vkSj vjfoan dstjhoky dh fdrkc Lojkt nksuksa esa gh
^lgHkkxh yksdra=* dk c<+kok nsus ij tksj nsrs gq, czkthy dh lgHkkxh ctV iz.kkyh
dks loksZRe crk;k gSAlgHkkxh yksdra= ds uke ij 2003 ds nkSjku czkthy esa
tukanksyuksa ls mHkjus okys jk"Vifr ywyk Mh flYok us lRrk esa vkrs lgHkkxh ctV
iz.kkyh ykxw dh FkhA bl iz.kkyh ds rgr] fofHkUu lkekftd {ks=ksa ds izfrfuf/k
laxBuksa dh cSBd cqykbZ tkrh Fkh] ftlesa etnwj laxBu] ,uthvks vkSj ekfydksa ds
laxBu Hkh gksrs FksA lcls igys miyC/k jk'kh ls fons'kh dtZ Hkqxrku ds fy, izns'k
dh ;ksxnku jkf'k dks ?kVk fn;k tkrk FkkA mlds ckn cph gqbZ jkf'k dks mlesa ls
?kVk fn;k tkrk gSA izR;sd laxBu dks vius lkjksdkjksa ds fy, t:jh QaM ekaxus dk
ekSdk fn;k tkrk Fkk vkSj var esa lHkk izLrkoksa dks oksVksa ds tfj, r; fd;k tkrk
FkkA fdlh izeq[k ;k egRoiw.kZ dk;Z ds fy, i;kZIr jk'kh u gksus ds dkj.k] QaM dh
eukgh Hkh dh tkrh FkhA njvly lRrk ds fodsUnzhdj.k ;k yksdrkaf=dj.k ls bl iz.kkyh
dk dksbZ ysuk&nsuk ugha gksrkA ;g iz.kkyh lekt ds fofHkUu 'kksf"kr oxksZa dks
vkil esa fHkM+kus vkSj ljdkj ds tudY;k.k dh ;kstukvksa ls gkFk [khpusa ls iSnk
gksus okys vlarks"k dks nckus dk dke djrh gS D;ksafd E;wfufliy dh dqy ctV dk
dsoy 17 Qhlnh fgLls dks gh caVokjs ds fy, izfrfuf/k laxBuksa ds lnL;ksa ds lkeus
j[kk x;k FkkA
15
blhfy, fo'o cSad ds izeq[k vFkZ'kkL=kh bl iz.kkyh dh rkfjQ djrs gq,
lkQrkSj ij ekurk gS fd lgHkkxh ctV iz.kkyh vkfFkZd xfrfof/k;ksa vkSj lkekftd
xfr'khyrk ds jkLrs esa vkus okyh iz'kklfud vkSj lkekftd ck/kkvksa dks de djus esa
ennxkj gSA
16

njvly vke vkneh ikVhZ ds fodsUnzhdj.k dh uhfr fo'o cSad dk ,tsaMs ds vuq:i
gSA
17
gfj;k.kk o iatkc esa Hkh ljdkj Ldwy] ikuh vkfn dh O;oLFkk dks iapk;rksa ds
gokys dj jgh gSa ftlesa iapk;r [kqn ^LFkkuh; lalk/kuksa dks tqVkrh* gSA bl rjg lRrk
dk fodsUnzdj.k ljdkjh [kpksZ esa dVkSrh dh fo'o cSad dh vkKk ikyu djus dk tfj;k

15
Nitin, WSF, NGOs and the Revolutionary Standpoint
http://www.bannedthought.net/India/PeoplesMarch/PM1999-2006/archives/2003/nov2k3/wsf.htm, 3 ebZ dks
ns[kk x;kA
16
fo'o lkekftd eap dk vlyh vkfFkZd vkSj jktuSfrd psgjk] vkLisDVl vkWQ bafM;kt bdkukeh u- 35] fnlEcj 2003]
izdk'kd% fjlpZ ;wfuV QkWj ikfyfVdy bdkWukeh] eqEcbZ] i`-25A
17
vkWojfo;wg vkWQ :jy fMlSUVsykbZts'ku bu bafM;k] oksY;we 1] twu 2004 esa fo'o cSad
}kjk flfoy losZaV dk fodsUnzhdj.k ij vk;ksftr odZ'kki esa izLrqr isij
http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/civilservice/june2004seminar/RuralDecent.pdf,
09@04@2014 dks ns[kk x;kA
11

cu x;k gS ftlesa ljdkj dY;k.kdkjh {ks=ksa o ;kstukvksa ls viuk gkFk [khap jgh gSA
vke vkneh ikVhZ] lhih,e o vU; jax fcjaxh ikfVZ;k ,d gh uhfr gS fd Hkkjr esa
lkezkT;oknh ?kqliSB dks c<+krs gq, lkearh rkdrksa dks l'kDr djks rkfd 'kkld oxZ
dh fgrdkjh ^jktuSfrd fLFkjrk* dk;e dj ldsaA
18


3- lkezkT;oknh fodkl ekWMy dh iSjksdkj vke vkneh ikVhZ
%

vke vkneh ikVhZ ds ?kks"k.kki= esa Hkkjr ds fy, ^larqfyr fodkl ekWMy* cukus
dh odkyr dh xbZ gS mlus izR;sd ukxfjd dks ?kj] Hkkstu] f'k{kk] LokLFk;] fctyh]
ikuh] 'kkSpky; vkfn nsuss] fdlkuksa dh vkthfodk dh lqj{kk djus] ukStokuksa dks
vkthfodk o mfpr jkstxkj nsus dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ gSA ijUrq lkFk gh Hkkjr ds
m|ksxifr;ksa dh laLFkk lhvkbZvkbZ esa cksyrs gq, vjfoan dstjhoky us lkQ 'kCnksa
esa dgk gS fd ljdkj dks fcftul ls dksbZ ysuk&nsuk ugha gksuk pkfg, rFkk mudh
ikVhZ iwathokn ds f[kykQ ugha gS] cfYd ksuh iwathokn ds f[kykQ gSA mlus ;g
Hkh dgk fd mudh ikVhZ baLiSDVj&jkt dks [kRe djsxh o lkeos'kh fodkl bUdywtho
xzksFk dks c<+kok nsxhA
19
bZekunkj m|ksxifr;ksa dks c<+kok fn;k tk,xkA
mijksDr oDrO; esa varfuZfgr gS fd vke vkneh ikVhZ Hkh ljdkjh m|ksxksa dk
futhdj.k djuss] mnkjhd`r eqDr cktkj dk;e djus ds i{k esa gh gSA mlds fukkus ij rks
flQZ csbZeku iwathifr gh gSA

d- ksuh iwathokn % vkfFkZd ladV ds fy, ftEesokj iwathoknh
O;oLFkk ij inkZ M+kyus dk kCntky
bZekunkj vkSj csbeku Js.kh esa iwathifr;ksa dk foHkktu Hkzked gSA bldk
eryc gS fd dkuwuh rjhds ls nsk dks ywVus okys iwathifr Bhd gSaA bldh rkfdZdrk
ds eqrkfcd rks bZLV bZafM;k dEiuh }kjk Hkkjr dh dkuwuh rjhds ls dh xbZ ywV tk;t
Fkh( dkuwu ds tfj, etnwjksa dh ftanxh ls f[kyokM djus okyh ek:rh lqtqdh dEiuh dh
ywV dks Hkh vke vkneh ikVhZ }kjk tk;t Bgjk;k tk ldrk gSA
ftldh ykBh mldh HkSal okyh bl O;oLFkk esa Hkkjr dh laln vkSj dkuwu rks
vehjksa dh j[kSy cus gq, gSaA blfy, csbZeku vkSj bZekunkj iwathifr esa Hksn
djuk csekuh gS] ns'k vkSj ns'kokfl;ksa dh lkezkT;oknh ywV dks tk;t Bgjkuk gSA
csbZeku iwathifr;ksa dh f[kykQr rks Hkkjr dh vc rd dh lcls Hkz"V le>h tkus okyh
ljdkj ds drkZ /krkZ o Hkkjr esa eqDr cktkj ds iz.ksrk eueksgu flag rd djrs jgs

18
mijksDrA
19
|gUnwLrku VkbZEl] 5 Qjojh] 2014]
http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/1180801.aspx?s=p , 3@29@14 dks ns[kk
x;kA
ksuh iwathokn dk eryc gS HkkbZ Hkrhtkoknh iwathokn ftlesa iwathifr jktuhfrKksa ls uktk;t
lkaBxkaB djds equkQk dekrs gSaA

12

gSaA
20
okLro esa jktuhfrKksa ls iwathifr;ksa dh uktk;t lkaBxkaB dj Qk;ns dekuk
rks iwathoknh O;oLFkk dk vfHkUu vax jgk gSA iz[;kr fo}ku ukse pkseLdh dgrs
gSa &
iwathokn D;k gksrk gS\ gka] ;g ksuh iwathokn gSA ;gh iwathokn gS] vki
vius nksLrksa ds fy,] vius lg;ksfx;ksa ds fy, dqn djrs gks] os rqEgkjs fy, dqN djrs
gSa] tkfgj gS fd rqe jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dks izHkkfor djus dh dksf'k'k djrs gksA rqe
,Me fLeFk esa bl ckjs esa i<+ ldrs gksA ;fn yksx ,Me fLeFk dks mldh iwtk djus dh
ctk; i<+s rks os cgqr dqN tku ldrs gSa fd vFkZO;oLFkk dSls dke djrh gSA blfy,
mnkgj.k ds fy, mldh T;knkrj fpark baXySaM ds fy, gS vkSj og crkrk gS fd
bZaXySaM esa] vkSj eSa okLro mls m)`r dj jgk gwa] mlus dgk fd O;kikjh vkSj
eSU;wQSDpjj ljdkjh uhfr;ksa ds iz/kku vkfdZVSDV gSa vkSj os lqfuf'pr djrs gSa fd
muds fgrksa dh vPNs ls ns[kjs[k gks] pkgs vU;ksa] ftlesa bZaXySaM dh turk Hkh
'kkfey gS] ij mlds izHkko fdrus gh d"Vdkjh gksaA th gka] ;gh mudk O;olk; gSA
blds vykok os D;k dj ldrs gSa\ ;g ml rjg gS fd tc yksx ykyph iwathifr ds ckjs esa
ckr djrs gSa rks og Qkyrw ckr gSA rqEgsa ykyph iwathifr gksuk gh gksxk vU;Fkk
rqe O;olk; ls ckgj gks tkvksxsA okLro esa] ;g dkuwuh vko';drk gS fd vki ykyph
iwathifr cuks vkSj rqe ijokg u djks fd nwljks ij D;k chrrh gSA rqe tkurs gks ;g flQZ
,uh jsaM ugha gS] ;g dkuwu gSA blfy, ,slh f'kdk;r dk dksbZ eryc ugha gSA*
21

what's capitalism supposed to be? Yeah, it's crony capitalism. That's capitalism, you do things for your
friends, your associates, they do things for you, you try to influence the political system, obviously. You can
read about this in Adam Smith. If people read Adam Smith instead of just worshipping him, they could learn
a lot about how economies work. So, for example, he's concerned mostly with England, and he pointed out
that in England, and I'm virtually quoting, he said the merchants and manufacturers are the principal
architects of government policy and they make sure their own interests are well cared for, however grievous
the effects on others, including the people of England.
Yes, it's their business. What else should they do? It's like when people talk about greedy capitalists, that's
redundant. You have to be a greedy capitalist or you're out of business. In fact, it's a legal requirement that
you be a greedy capitalist and that you don't pay attention to what happens to anyone else. You know, it's
not just Ayn Rand, that's the law. So, these complaints don't make any sense.

njvly ksuh iwathokn dh f[kykQr dk ukjk Hkh vke vkneh ikVhZ }kjk ?kksf"kr
lRrk ds fodsUnzhdj.k ds ukjs dh rjg [kks[kyk gh gSA ksuh iwathokn 'kCn dk

20
eueksgu flag dk oDrO;] www.newslaundry.com/2012/02/06/decoding-crony-capitalism/,
09/04/14 dks ns[kk x;kA

21
"Black Faces in Limousines:" A Conversation with Noam Chomsky, November 14, 2008,
http://www.chomsky.info/interviews/20081114.htm, 09/04/14 dks ns[kk x;kA
13

iz;ksx ,d Nykos ds :i esa fd;k tk jgk gS rkfd iwathokn vkSj iwthoknh O;oLFkk dks
uaxs gksus ls cpk;k tk ldsA
fiNyh lnh ds 90 ds n'kd esa iwohZ ,f'k;k ds eqnzk o fofRr; ladV ds vlyh dkj.k
lkezkT;oknh&iwathoknh O;oLFkk dks fNikus ds fy, ^eq[;/kkjk* ds vFkZ'kkL=kh;ksa
us ksuh iwathokn dks bl ladV ds fy, ftEesokj Bgjk;kA vkt tc yxkrkj xgjkrs
vkfFkZd ladV ds dkj.k Hkkjr dh turk cngky vkSj daxky gks jgh gS rks mlds vlyh
dkj.kksa futhdj.k] mnkjhdj.k vkSj HkweaMyhdj.k dh uhfr;ksa ds :i
lkezkT;oknh&iwathoknh ywV] 'kks"k.k ij inkZ Mkydj ksuh iwathokn dks nks"kh
Bgjk;k tk jgk gS ftls lq'kklu vkSj fodsUnzhdj.k ds tfj, Bhd djus dk nkok fd;k tk jgk
gSA
njvly dstjhoky }kjk ?kksfkr O;oLFkk ifjorZu dk eryc lkezkT;oknh iwathoknh
O;oLFkk dks tM+ ls m[kkM+ dj vkRefuHkZj lEizHkw lPph yksdrkaf=d O;oLFkk
dk;e djuk ugha gS cfYd bl lkezkT;oknh iwathoknh O;oLFkk dks tkjh j[krs gq,
lq'kklu dk;e djus gSA vkSj mlds lq'kklu dk eryc gS baLisDVj jkt dk [kkRek vkSj
O;olk; esa ljdkj dh n[kykankth dks iw.kZr;k [kRe dj Mkyuk ;kfu ljdkjh n[kykankth ls
eqDr cktkj dh LFkkiuk djukA ;g eueksgu flag ds usr`Ro esa kq: fd, x, vkfFkZd
lq/kkjksa ds vxys pj.k dh nklrk gSaA

[k- lkezkT;oknh ywV dk u;k ea= & ^ljdkj dks fcftul ls dksbZ ysuk nsuk
ugha*
1991 esa eueksgu flag us eqDr cktkj dh uomnkjhd`r vo/kkj.kk ds vk/kkj ij
baLisDVj jkt ds [kkRes dk ukjk nsdj <kapkxr lek;kstu dk;Ze 'kq: fd;k FkkA blds
ckn fo'o cSad] varjkZ"Vh; eqnzk dks"kvkbZ,e,Q }kl funsZf'kr bu uhfr;ksa ds
vuqlkj reke jax&fcjaxh ljdkjksa us fofRr; ?kkVs dks de djus ds uke ij ljdkjh [kpZ
?kVkus ds uke ij deZpkfj;ksa dh NaVuh dh( Je dkuwu <hys fd,( QSDVh;ksa esa
Bsdsnkjh izFkk dks c<+kok fn;k( ljdkjh dkj[kkuksa dks futh gkFkksa esa cspk fn;k(
gj {ks= esa futh dkjiksjsV dEifu;ksa dks c<+kok fn;k( fdlkuksa dh tehuksa dk tcju
vf/kxzg.k fd;k( jkstejkZ dh t:jr dh phtksa esa ok;nk dkjksckj dk btktr nsdj egaxkbZ
dks c<+k;k( [kknkuksa dks dkjiksjsV ds gokys fd;k vkSj varr% 2009 esa
ty&taxy&tehu o izkd`frd lEink dks dkjiksjsV ds gokys djus ds f[kykQ tuizfrjks/k ij
vkijs'ku xzhu gaV ds uke ij ;q) NsM+ fn;kA brus tufojks/kh dne mBkus ds ckotwn
eqDr cktkj O;oLFkk ds iSjksdkj iz/kkuea=h eueksgu flag Hkkjr dks iwathoknh
vkfFkZd ladV ls fudkyus esa ukdke jgkA Hkkjr dh iwjh vFkZO;oLFkk ij vkfFkZd
ladV ds ckny Nk, gq, gSaA Hkkjr dk ldy ?kjsyw mRikn thMhih dh o`f)
2011&12 esa 6-7 Qhlnh rd vk xbZ vkSj 2012&13 esa ;g vkSj T;knk ?kVdj 4-5 gh
jg xbZA blesa vkS|ksfxd mRiknu dh gkyr rks vkSj Hkh cqjh gS tksfd 2011&12 esa
2-7 Qhlnh ls ?kVdj 2012&13 esa ek=k 0-3 Qhlnh gh jg xbZA gkfy;k o`f) nj fiNys
12 o"kksZa esa ;g lcls de gSA
22


22
fjlpZ ;wfuV vkQ iksfyfVdy bdkukseh] fMLdkfMZax n g;weu
Qsl] www.rupeindia.wordpress.com/2014/03/19/discarding-the-human-face/ 24@03@2014 dks ns[kk x;kA

14

eqDr cktkj O;oLFkk ds iSjksdkjksa us 2012 ls gh eueksgu flag dks udkjk
iz/kkuea=h dguk kq: dj fn;k tks Hkkjr dks vkfFkZd ladV ls ckgj fudkyus esa foQy
jgk vkSj rnuqlkj Hkkjr dks fonskh fuosk ds vuqdqy cukus esa ukdke jgkA twu]
2012 esa fo'o dh lcls cM+h sfMV jsfVax ,tsUlh LVSaMZM ,aM iqvj us Hkkjr dh
jsfVax dks cgqr de djrs gq, eueksgu flag ds ckjs esa dgk fd &
^;g cgqr cM+h foMEcuk gksxh ;fn ,d ,sls vFkZ'kkL=h] ftlus Hkkjr dh
vFkZO;oLFkk ds mnkjhdj.k ds fy, lcls vf/kd izsfjr fd;k gS vkSj ,sls Qk;ns dh 'kq:vkr
djus esa lcls vf/kd enn nsus okyh ljdkj muds lEHkkfor vi{kj.k dh v/;{krk djsxhA*
23

Making a pointed observation on Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's government, S&P said, "It
would be ironic if a government under the economist who spurred much of the liberalization of
India's economy and helped unleash such gains were to preside over their potential erosion."

2013 ds var esa pqukoksa ls iwoZ blh sfMV jsfVax ,tsalh us vxyh ljdkj dk
,tsaMk Hkh fu/kkZfjr dj fn;kA mlds vuqlkj pquko ds ckn cuus okyh ljdkj dks fofRr;
[kkrksa dks etcwr vk/kkj ij dk;e djuk gksxk] Mhty lfClMh] [kk| lfClMh ds foLrkj ds
fy, fofRr; enn dks [kRe djuk gksxk] vkSj jk"VO;kih leku eky vkSj lsok VSDl 'kq:
djuk gksxkA vkSj bl dke ds fy, os ujsUnz eksnh dks eueksgu flag ls T;knk mi;qDr
ekurs gSaA xksYMeu lPp fjlpZ fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj vc jktuhfr vFkZO;oLFkk ij rq:i dk
bDdk lkfcr gks jgh gS vkSj mlus chtsih ds iz/kkuea=h in ds mEehnokj ujsUnz
eksnh ds usr`Ro esa gksus okys lEHkkfor jktuhfrd cnyko ij mEehn trkbZ gSA
24

pwafd dkaxzsl esa fdlh xaHkhj mnkjhdj.k ds fy, dkQh fojks/k gSA
25
blfy, mUgsa
eksnh tSlh 'kf[l;r dh t:jr gSA eksnhQkbZax voj fo;wg uked bl fjiksVZ esa lkQ fy[kk
gS fd eksnh us vk/kkjHkwr <kaps bakLVDpj vkSj iwath [kpZ ij dsUnzhr fd;k
gS vkSj fuos'k dh ekax c<+kus esa chtsih ljdkj Qk;nsean jgsxhA
26

orZeku vkfFkZd ladV ds bl nkSj esa lkezkT;okn ijLr cqf)thfo;ksa esa bl fopkj
dh egRrk vf/kd gS fd ekfdZV viuh ns[kHkky [kqn djs vkSj ljdkj dh mlesa dksbZ
Hkwfedk u gksA ekfdZV foQy ugha gks ldrh gS vkSj blesa ljdkj dh dksbZ Hkh
n[kykankth blesa fod`fr gh iSnk djsxhA
27
dkjiksjsV ds psgrs eksnh us Hkh blh
lkezkT;oknh y; esa y; feykrs gq, dgk &

23
VkbZEl vkQ bafM;k] eueksgu flag ij iwvj LVSaMZ dk vkjksi] 12 twu] 2012]
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Standard-Poors-warns-India-of-a-downgrade-to-junk-
category/articleshow/14025360.cms, 15 vizSy] 2014 dks ns[kk x;kA
24
LVSaMMZ ,aM iqvj }kjk vxyh ljdkj dks fn;k x;k funsZ'k] 7 uoEcj] 2013]
http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/outlook-on-economy-negative-standard---poors-threatens-
indias-next-govt-with-downgrade/1191942/, 15 vizSy] 2014 dks ns[kk x;kA

25
n fgUnw] LVSaMMZ ,aM iwvj dh fjiksVZ mnkjhdj.k ds fy, fojks/k, 11 twu 2012
http://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/sp-india-risks-losing-investment-grade-
rating/article3515855.ece, 15 vizSy] 2014 dks ns[kk x;kA

26
eksnh QkbZax vkWQ voj] 5 uoEcj] 2013 http://profit.ndtv.com/news/market/article-goldman-
upgrades-india-on-modi-effect-raises-nifty-target-to-6900-371377 15 vizSy] 2014 dks ns[kk x;kA

27
Aspect of Indian Economy, Volume 56, Reseach Unit ofPolitical Economy, March 2014, Mumbai, Page 6.
15

^ljdkj dk fcftul pykus esa dksbZ fcftul ugha gSA mls lqfo/kk eqgS;k djokus
okyh Hkwfedk esa gh gksuk pkfg,A esjs jkT; esa] fuos'kdksa dks jktuSfrKksa vkSj
ukSdj'kkgksa ds gkFk ugha eyus iM+rsA---esjk ekuuk gS fd ns'k rHkh rjDdh dj
ldrk gS tc yky Qhrk'kkgh dks var dj fn;k tk,A fuos'kdksa ds fy, esjh uhfr yky
Qhrk'kkgh okyh ugha cfYd yky dkyhu fcNkus dh gksxhA*
28

The government has no business to be in business. It should play the role of a
facilitator. In my state, investors don't have to grease the palm of politicians or
bureaucrats. There are well laid-out policies. I believe that country can progress only if
we end red-tapism. No red tape, only red carpet, is my policy towards investors.

blhfy, eksnh vkt dkjiksjsV ?kjkuksa dk psgrk cuk gqvk gS tksfd Qklhokn dk
izrhd Hkh cu pqdk gSA 'kkldksa oxZ dk ,d fgLlk] tksfd Hkkjr esa eksnh dks
iz/kkuea=h ds :i esa ns[kuk pkgrk gS] Hkkjr esa ^HkweaMyhdj.k ds ekuoh; psgjk*
dks Hkh cuk, ugha j[kuk pkgrk gSA oks pkgrk gS fd fofRr; gkykr dks lqn`< djus ds
fy, ljdkj egkRek xka/kh jkVh; jkstxkj xkjaVh ;kstuk o [kk| lqj{kk vf/kfu;e ds rgr fd,
tk jgs ljdkjh [kpZ dks de ls de fd;k tk,A
29
oks uaxs :i esa turk ij vkfFkZd uhfr;ka
Fkksiuk pkgrk gSA blfy, dkaxzsl esa t;jke jesk tSls foo cSad ds uqek;anksa us
Hkh ukeek= ds fy, kq: fd, x, lq/kkj dk;Z dks vkfFkZd eanh dh vkM+ esa can djus
dh fgek;r djuh kq: dj nhA mlus dgk fd gekjs jkt esa vkfFkZd o`f) nj T;knk Fkh blfy,
eujsxk] d`f"k _.k ekQ djus] xzkeh.k LokLFk; dk;Ze] nsgkrh lMd fuekZ.k] xzkeh.k
fo|qfrdj.k] xzkeh.k vkokt ;kstuk,a] taxy vf/kdkj dkuwu] [kk| lqj{kk dkuwu tSls
tudY;k.k dh ;kstuk,a ykxw djrh jgh gS] ;fn ns'k esa vkfFkZd o`f) nj T;knk ugha
gksxh rks tudY;k.k dh bu ;kstukvksa dks pkyw j[kuk Hkh eqf'dy gks tk,xkA
30


x- lkezkT;okfn;ksa dk pgsrk cuus dh gksM+ esa vke vkneh ikVhZ
lRrk dh nkSM+ esa ubZ f[kykM+h vke vkneh ikVhZ us Hkh kkld oxZ dk
ojngLr ikus ds fy, chtsih vkSj dkaxzslh dh rku esa rku feykrs gq, vius ?kksk.kki=
esa dstjhoky ds lhvkbZvkbZ esa fn, x, oDrO; dks nksgjk;k fn;k fd ljdkj dk fcftul
pykus esa dksbZ fcftul ugha gksxkA blds lkFk gh mUgksausa vius ?kks"k.kki=
esa etcwr vk/kkjHkwr <kapk fodflr djus] mRiknd vFkZO;oLFkk esa fuos'k dh deh
dks lq/kkjus] oSf'od izfrLiZ/kh vkSj mPp o`f) dh jkLrk viukus dh ckr dh gS ftlesa
fo'o Lrjh; vk/kkjHkwr <+kpk [kM+k fd;k tk,xkA mlus ,d ,slh O;oLFkk dk;e djus dh
?kks"k.kk dh ftlesa iwath] lwpuk] vk/kkjHkwr <+kpk rd izR;sd m|eh ;k leqnk; dh
igqap bl rjg ls gksxh fd [kksth o mRiknd m|eh gekjs ns'k dh c<rh o`f) ds u, bZatu

28
eksnh dk baVjO;w] 7twu]2012]
http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/13878238.cms?curpg=2&utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text
&utm_campaign=cppst, , 09@04@2014 dks ns[kk x;kA

29
RBI under Rajan: Answerable to whom, Aspect of Indian Economy, Volume 56, Reseach Unit ofPolitical Economy,
March 2014, Mumbai, Page 24.

30
fjlpZ ;wfuV vkQ iksfyfVdy bdkukseh] fMLdkfMZax n g;weu Qsl]
www.rupeindia.wordpress.com/2014/03/19/discarding-the-human-face/ 24@03@2014 dks ns[kk x;kA
16

cu tk,axsaaA ukSdjh iSnk djus esa izkbZosV lSDVj dh lf; Hkkxsnkjh dh t:jr dks
fpfUgr fd;kA
31
vke vkneh ikVhZ ds vuqlkj og 'kgj vkSj xkao nksuksa esa ,d xfr'khy
vFkZO;oLFkk dks lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, fo'o Lrjh; vk/kkjHkwr <+kapk cuk,xhA Hkkjr
ds 'kgjksa dks f'ka?kkbZ] yanu] isfjl vkfn cukus dh ?kks"k.kk esa vc chtsih]
dkaxzsl vkfn dh ykbZu esa vke vkneh ikVhZ Hkh 'kkfey gks xbZ gS rkfd
cgqjk"Vh; o muds fiNYyxq Hkkjrh; dEifu;ksa dh ywV dks lqxe cuk;k tk ldsA
lhihvkbZ ekvksoknh ikVhZ }kjk iwNs x, 10 lokyksa dk tokc nsrs gq, vke vkneh
ikVhZ ds usrk iz'kkar Hkw"k.k us lkQ rkSj ij dgk fd ge fons'kh iwath fuos'k dk
fojks/k ugha djrs gSaA
32

lHkh eq[; izkd`frd lalk/kuksa tSLks eq[; [kfutksa] ikuh vkSj taxyksa ij jkT; dk
dCts dks cuk, j[kus dh vke vkneh ikVhZ dh ?kks"k.kk ls lkQ tkfgj gS fd og
cgqjk"Vh; o muds fiNYyxq Hkkjrh; dEifu;ksa dh ywV esa dksbZ ck/kk iSnk ugha
djsxhA vkfnokfl;ksa dks [kfut [kuu dk vf/kdkj nsus dh ctk; vke vkneh ikVhZ Hkh
turk dks dsoy equkQs esa fgLlk nsus dh odkyr djrh gS ftldk fojks/k foLFkkiu
fojks/kh dk;ZdrkZ igys ls gh djrs jgs gSa D;ksafd [kuu vf/kdkj dh ctk; fgLlsnkjh
nsus ls ,d rjQ rks turk dEiuh ij fuHkZj gks tk,xh] [kuu ds lkjs fu.kZ; dEiuh djsxh]
nwljs equkQs dks de ;k T;knk djus ds uq[ls dEifu;ksa ls csgrj dksbZ ugha tkurkA
33

blfy, ;g uhfr varr% turk dks daxkyh ds gkykr esa gh igqapk nsxhA
lHkh tkurs gSa fd Hkkjr esa ty&taxy&tehu vkSj izkd`frd lEink gh vke turk vkSj
ljdkj&'kkld oxksZ ds chp yM+kbZ dk eq[; eqn~nk jgh gSA ty&taxy&tehu vkSj
izkd`frd lEink ij jkT; ds dCts dks tk;t crkdj vke vkneh ikVhZ us ljsvke 'kkld oxksaZ
ds fgr lk/kus dh ?kks"k.kk dj nh vkSj [kqn dks tufojks/kh taxy vf/kdkj dkuwu] 2006
dks ykxw djus lhfer dj fn;kA blh rjg fo'o O;kikj laxBu ls ckgj fudyus dh ctk; mlus
rksrk jVar 'kSyh esa eq[;/kkjk dh vU; ikfVZ;ksa dh Hkk"kk esa gh dg fn;k fd og fo'o
O;kikj laxBu esa Hkkjr ds fdlkuksa ds fgrksa dh j{kk djsxh vkSj vkbZ,e,Q ds
yksdrkaf=dj.k dh ekax djsxhA
[kqn dks dkaxzsl vkSj chtsih ds fodYi ds :i esa is'k djus okyh vke vkneh
ikVhZ mlh mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k o HkwaMyhdj.k dh lkezkT;oknh funsZf'kr uhfr;ksa
dh gh i{k/kj gS ftlds dkj.k fiNys 15 lky esa 2-7 yk[k ls T;knk fdlkuksa us vius xys
esa [kqn Qank yxk fy;k] yk[kksa dh la[;ka esa NksVs m|ksx can gks x, ftlls
djksMksa etnwj csjkstxkj gksdj nj nj dh Bksdjs [kkus dks etcwj gSa] fdlkuksa dh
tehusa tcju Nhuh tkus yxh] ufn;ka rd csp nh xbZ ftlls turk dks ikuh dh Hk;adj fdYyr
dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA ljdkjh deZpkfj;ksa dh ohvkj,l] xksYMu gSaM 'ksd ds uke ij
deZpkfj;ksa dh ukSdjh ls NqV~Vh dj nh xbZ] ftlls ns'k dh turk esa vlarks"k c<+rk
gh tk jgk gS vkSj tukanksyuksa] l'kL= fonzksgksa dh 'kDy vf[r;kj dj jgk gSA iwohZ
o e/; Hkkjr esa rks ;g vlarks"k gfFk;kjcan fonzksg esa rCnhy gks x;k gS ftldk
usr`Ro kafrdkjh ekvksoknh dj jgs gSaA

31
vke vkneh ikVhZ dk ?kks"k.kk i=] i`- 20-
32
ubZ nwfu;k] jk;iqj] 7 vizSy 2014] 09@04@2014 dks ns[kk x;kA
33
Rahul Varman, Royalities: Royal treatment of forieign investors, Aspect of Indian Economy, Volume 56, Reseach
Unit of Political Economy, March 2014, Mumbai, Page 56.

17

lkezkT;okn ijLr fodkl ekWMy ds ckjs esa vke vkneh ikVhZ dh Hkk"kk dkaxzsl
vkSj chtsih tSlh gh gS vkSj bl fodkl ekWMy cxSj jktdh; fgalk dh enn ds ykxw ugha
fd;k tk ldrkA blfy, vke vkneh ikVhZ ds Hkh jktdh; neu ds mlh jkLrs ij c<+us ds
Hkjiqj vklkj gSa ftlds dkj.k vkt eksnh dkjiksjsV txr ds fy, dkaxzslh eueksgu ls Hkh
vf/kd psgrk gks x;k gSA nwljh rjQ vkanksyu ls mHkjh bl vke vkneh ikVhZ ds
eqgkojksa ds tky esa dqN tukanksyudkfj;ksa dks Qkal dj blh O;oLFkk esa lekfgr
Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA

4- vke vkneh ikVhZ dh lalnh; jktuhfr & tukanksyuksa ij
fu'kkuk

fnYyh ds pqukoksa esa vizR;kfkr thr ds rqjar ckn vke vkneh ikVhZ ds usrk
;ksxsUnz ;kno us viuh Hkkoh j.kuhfr dk [kqyklk fd;k&
^fiNys rhu n'kdksa ls gekjh lkoZtfud ftanxh dh lcls T;knk ltZukRed tkZ
jktuSfrd gYdksa esa ls ugha vk jgh gS cfYd jktuhfr ls ckgj foLFkkiu] nfyr] fdlku]
efgykvksa] Hkkstu dk vf/kdkj] lwpuk dk vf/kdkj vkSj lcls cM+k ty] taxy] tehu tSls
eqksa ij tukanksyuksa ls vk jgh gSA dfBukbZ ;g gS fd bl tkZ ds ikl jktuSfrd
vfHkO;fDr] mEehn vkSj ,d jktuSfrd okgd ugha gSA esjs liuk gS fd vke vkneh
ikVhZ bl tkZ dss fy, ,d LokHkkfod jktuSfrd mEehn gksA*
34


In the last three decades the most creative energy in our public life has not come from within politics proper
but from outside politics from peoples movements on issues such as displacement, Dalits, farmers, women,
right to food, right to information and above all, jal, jungle, zameen (water, forests, land). The difficulty is that
this energy did not have a political expression, hope, and a political vehicle. In my dream script, the AAP is the
natural political hope for these energies.
vke vkneh ikVhZ jktuSfrd okgd cu tukanksyu ds usrkvksa dks iwathoknh
jktuhfr dh ml va/kh xyh esa ys tkuk pkgrs gSa] tgka tukanksyu ds vusd usrk lalnh;
xfy;kjksa ds pDdj dkVrs&dkVrs ne rksM+ pqds gSa vkSj lkezkT;oknh ywV [klksV
vkSj lkearh 'kks"k.k mRihMu dks dk;e j[kus dh uhao cu x,A

d- lalnh; jktuhfr % kafrdkfj;ksa dks O;oLFkk esa lekfgr djus dh
e'khu
Hkkjr dk kkld&kkskd oxZ gj cM+s tukanksyu ds ,d fgLls dks lalnh; jktuhfr
esa ykus ds fy, vFkkg iz;kl djrk jgk gSA 1857 ds fonzksg ls lcd ysdj foDVksfj;k jkt
us ,d vaxzst vf/kdkjh ds tfj, dkaxzsl dk fuekZ.k djok;k Fkk rkfd vktknh dh c<rh ygj
dks jksdk tk lds vkSj ml dkaxzsl us vktknh ds ,tsaMk dks rRdkfyu O;oLFkk esa

34
n fgUnw esa Nik ;ksxsUnz ;kno dk lk{kkRdkj] 24 fnlEcj] 2013]
http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/interview/tapping-the-transformative-energy/article5494541.ece,
09@04@2014 dks ns[kk x;kA
18

fgLlsnkjh rd gh lesV fn;k FkkA blh rjg 1950 ds ckn Hkkjr dh dE;wfuLV ikVhZ dks
Hkh blh laln us yhy fy;kA
lRrj ds n'kd esa Hkh egku uDlyckM+h vkanksyu ds vkanksyu dh vkx tc nsk
ds dksus dksus esa igqap dj turk dks m}sfyr dj jgh Fkh vkSj bl vkanksyu ds
usrkvksa dks dqpyus ds fy, bafnjk xka/kh vkikrdky yxkus ds rqjar ckn ;g ?kksfkr
fd;k Fkk fd& ^dksbZ Hkh O;fDr tks bu laxBuksa dks pykrk gks ;k pykus esa lgk;rk
djrk gks] bu laxBuksa ds fdlh lnL; dh fefVax izksRlkfgr djrk gks ;k djus esa enn
djrk gks] ,slh fdlh fefVax ls lEcaf/kr dksbZ ys[k izdkf'kr djrk gks ;k foKkfir djrk gks]
bu laxBuksa ds leFkZu esa yksxksa dks vkeaf=kr djrk gks] ml ij dkuwu ds rgr
dkjZokbZ dh tk,xhA* vkSj mlus jk"V ds uke izlkfjr dj lhihvkbZ ,e,y vkSj mlds
fofHkUu xqV Hkkjh la[;k esa gR;kvksa vkSj fgald dkjZokbz ds fy, ftEesokj Bgjkrs
gq, bu laxBuksa dh dkjZokbZ ij izfrca/k yxkus ds l'kDr er O;Dr fd;k FkkA
35
ijUrq
vkikrdky ds [kRe gksus ds rqjar ckn buesa ls dqN usrkvksa us ljdkj dh ctk; [kqn
gh vius ij turk ds yM+kdw vkanksyu esa kkfey gksus ij izfrca/k yxk fy;kA tc turk
ikVhZ dh Hkkjh thr ds ckn izfrcaf/kr laxBu ds dkuw lkU;ky] lR;ukjk;.k] vlhe pVthZ]
larks"k jk.kk tSls vusd izfrf"Br usrk tSls gh laln esa cnyko dk jkLrk [kkstus yxs rks
mudh /kkj gh HkksFkjha gks xbZ vkSj Hkkjr dh kafr muds fy, nwj dh dksMh cu
xbZA
egku kafrdkjh vkanksyu ds lR;ukjk;.k tSls HkxkSM+s usrkvksa us pqukoh
jktuhfr dk nkeu Fkke lh-lh- lhihvkbZ ,e,y dks gh pquko esa ugha mrkjk cfYd
turk ikVhZ dks ^Qklhokn fojks/kh yksdfiz; rkdr* ?kksf"kr dj fo/kkulHkk pqukoksa
esa leFkZu ns M+kykA xkSjryc gS fd ftl fgUnw Qklhoknh rkdrksa dks pqukoksa
ds tfj, jksdus dk vkg~oku ;s lalnh; nyny esa /kals usrk ns jgs gS] 1977 esa os
^Qklhokn fojks/kh yksdfiz; rkdr* dgh tkus okyh turk ikVhZ dk gh fgLLkk FksA
lalnh; jktuhfr dk pO;wg esa Qalus ds ckn Hkkjr ds egku ^kafrdkjh* ,d Qklhoknh
rkdr dks jksdus ds fy, nwljh Qklhoknh rkdrksa ds fy, txg cukus ds dke esa gh yxs
jgrs gSaA lalnh; jktuhfr ds Nykos dks turk ds chp uaxk djus dh ctk; oks [kqn gh
uaxs gks x,A Hkkjrh; laln kafrdkfj;ksa dks lalks/kuoknh cuk O;oLFkk dk vax
cukus dh e'khu gSA blh rjg fouksn feJk ds usr`Ro esa lhihvkbZ,e,yfycjs'ku
tSlh kafrdkjh ikVhZ dks Hkh 'kkld oxhZ; lRrk izfr"Bku dk vax cuk fn;k] ftlds dk;y
rks Hkkjr ds m|ksxifr;ksa dh laLFkk fQDdh Hkh gSaA
36

ysfVu vesfjdk esa Hkh lalnh; O;oLFkk dk fgLlk cus tukanksyu ds usrk Hkh
mUgha uomnkjoknh vFkZO;oLFkk dks dk;e vkSj etcwr djus esa yx x, ftu uhfr;ksa
ds f[kykQ ;s tukanksyu mB [kMs gq, FksA nf{k.k vesfjdk dh bl ifj?kVuk ds ckjs esa
nf{k.k vesfjdk ds ekeyksa ds fo'ks"kK tsEl isVkl fy[krs gSa fd nf{k.k vesfjdk ds
'kkldksa us 1976 ls gh ^eqDr cktkj ds fl)kUr* dk nkeu Fkke fy;k Fkk tks 1999 esa
vius pje ij vk x;kA uomnkjoknhdj.k dh uhfr viukdj 'kkldksa us fo'o cSad o

35
izkFkk ,u eq[kthZ] ke ySQV ,DlfVfeTe Vw bysDVksjy iksfyfVDl] euksgj ifCyds'ku] fnYyh]
1983] i`-1-
36
fouksn feJk ds pqukoh jktuhfr esa vkus ds ckjs esa fQDdh dh fVIi.kh] VkLd QkslZ fjiksVZ
vku us'kuy lsD;wfjVh ,aM VsjfjTe] oksY;we&1] 2010] i`- 56] 54-
19

vUrZjk"Vh; eqnzk dks"k ds funsZ'kksa ds le{k vkReleiZ.k dj fn;k vkSj dqathxr
vkfFkZd {ks=kksa ds jk"Vh;dj.k dks [kRe dj mudk futhdj.k dj fn;k] cSfdax vkSj
fofk; iz.kkyh dk vfu;eu dj MkykA djhc ,d [kjc Mkyj equkQs] C;kt] ewy/ku] fdjk;s
vkSj xSj dkuwuh /ku ds :i esa ;w,l o ;wjksfi;u cSadksa vkSj dkjiksjsV ?kjkuksa dh
>ksyh esa Mky fn;kA
lu~ 2000 esa vkfFkZd ladV vkSj fokh; fxjkoV ds ckn 2000 ls 2005 ds nkSjku
nf{k.k vesfjdk esa yksdfiz; tumHkkj gq,] ftlds dkj.k ntZuksa jk"Vifr;ksa dks gVk
fn;k x;kA vtasZfVuk esa gh lu 2001&02 ds chp rhu jk"Vifr tukanksyu dh ygj esa
cg x,A bDokMksj esa lu 2000 ls 2005 ds chp esa yksdfiz; fonzksgksa us Hkz"V
jk"Vifr;ksa dks gVk fn;k vkSj ^ukxfjd xBca/ku* ds feLVj dksjkZ jk"Vifr pqus x,A
cksfYo;k esa Hkh 2003&2005 ds nkSjku ^etnwj&fdlku&bafM;u* fonzksg ds QyLo:i
okf'kaxVu ls xgjs ls tqMs nks jk"Vifr;ksa dks gVk, x, vkSj dksdk fdlku o vkfnoklh
usrk Jheku boks eksjysl dks 2005 esa pquk x;kA osustq,yk] m:xq, esa 2005 vkSj
2010 esa] ikjkxqvk esa 2008 esa] fpyh esa 2005 esa] czkthy esa 2002 vkSj 2006
esa ;gh dgkuh nksgjkbZ xbZ FkhA tukanksyuksa ls tqMs usrkvksa ds lRrk esa
vkus ij Hkkjr ds okeiafFk;ksa us Hkh rky Bksdh Fkh fd Hkkjr esa Hkh lalnh;
pqukoksa esa Hkkxsnkjh dj lektokn yk;k tk ldrk gSA
dbZ okeiaFkh usrk bl ^uo okeiaFkh* vkSj ^uomnkjokn fojks/kh* yQkth dk
f'kdkj gks x, gSSSa] tcfd nf{k.k vesfjdk esa cgqjk"Vh; dEifu;ksa dk iwathoknh
f'kadtk c<rk pyk x;kA vkt bu ubZ lRrk/kkfj;ksa o cgqjk"Vh; dEiuh;ksa ds xBtksM+
us etnwj oxZ dks equkQs vkSj jktLo ls ckgj fn;k gS] mudk fgLlk uoksfnr is'ksoj
e/;oxZ] rduhf'k;ksa vkSj fons'kh fuos'kdksa dks ckaVk tk jgk gSA u;k e/;e oxZ us
iwjkus okeiaFkh;ksa vkSj tukanksyuksa ls vius lkekftd lEidksaZ dk iz;ksx dj lkk
izkIr dh vkSj jkT; ij fu;a=k.k ds tfj, lkk dks lqn`< dj vkanksyuksa ds usrkvksa dks
Qk;nk igqapk;kA vius 'kklu dks oS/k Bgjkus ds fy, uo&e/;e oxhZ; 'kkldksa us
okeiaFkh] i;kZoj.kh; vkSj u`&tkfr; lEesyu vkSj xksf"B;k vk;ksftr djokbZA ;s u,
e/;eoxhZ; 'kkld d`f"k o [kfut iwath esa lka>s mie yxkdj] djksa esa o`f} djds vkSj
ykHkka'k esa fgLlsnkjh ds tfj, vehj cu cSBsA bl ^fodkloknh* jkT; us ^ubZ lEink*
dks mPp ,oa e/;e Lrj ds ukSdj'kkgksa ds ladh.kZ nk;jksa esa lhfer j[kk] tksfd ,d u;k
cqtZvk gSA bl ^fodkloknh* 'kklu dk cqtZvk lkjrRo laifk vkSj vk; dh vlekurk esa
vR;kf/kd o`f) vkSj c<ksrjh djusa esa] jkT; ds vk; dks cSad ysunkjksa esa ,d rjQk
laLFkkukarj.k djus esa] d`f"k [kfut fu;kZrdksa dks vkfFkZd lgk;rk vkSj _.k nsus esa
fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA tcfd xjhcksa dh fLFkfr esa ukeek= ds cnyko vk,] mudh U;wure
vk; vkt Hkh cgqr de gSA
37

Hkkjr esa vke vkneh ikVhZ Hkh nf{k.k vesfjdk dh rtZ ij uomnkjhokn uhfr;ksa
;kfu lkezkT;okn funsZf'kr mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k vkSj HkweaMyhdj.k dh uhfr;ksa ds
f[kykQ mBus okys tukanksyuksa dks O;oLFkk ifjorZu] ksuh dSfiVfyTe] Lojkt]

37
tsEl isVkl] ysfVu vesfjdk&U;w fefMy Dykl :yjl LVscykbZts'ku xzksFk ,aM bubfDofyVh] 24
ebZ] 2010 http://mycatbirdseat.com/2010/05/james-petras-latin-america%E2%80%99s-new-
middle-class-rulers-stabilization-growth-and-inequality/ 09@04@2014 dks ns[kk x;kA

20

lRrk ds fodsUnzhdj.k tSls Nn~e ukjksa ds tfj, vius >aMs ds uhps ,d= djus esa yxh
gS tksfd varr% mlh O;oLFkk dks c<+kok nsxk] ftlds f[kykQ ;s vkanksyu [kM+s gq,
gS vkSj bl vkanksyu ds tfj, uo /kuk<+; oxZ ds og egRokdka{kh fgLlk Hkh lRrklq[k
Hkksx ik,xk tks uomnkjhdj.k vFkZO;oLFkk ds ckn dh mit gSA orZeku vkfFkZd
ladV dk vlj Hkh bl rcds ij Hkh vk;k gS vkSj ladV esa Qalk ;g oxZ Hkh vke vkneh
ikVhZ ds tfj, orZeku O;oLFkk dks cnyus dh ctk; mls ^vanj ls* Bhd djus ds uke ij
mlh esa lek tk,xkA

[k- kafrdkjh vkanksyu dks uqDlku igqapkus dk u;k gfFk;kj
vke vkneh ikVhZ ds tfj, Hkkjr ds 'kkld oxZ dh ea'kk ;g Hkh gS fd ml
ekvksoknh vkanksyu dks aHkh vius vanj lek ys ftls eueksgu flag us fons'kh iwath
fuos'k ds jkLrs esa lcls cM+h :dkoV ?kksf"kr djrs gq, ^vkarfjd lqj{kk* ds fy, lcls
cM+k [krjk* ?kksf"kr fd;k FkkA 2010 esa iz/kkuea=h eueksgu flag us ?kksfkr fd;k
Fkk fd
^uDly fgalk ,d vU; leL;k gS vkSj uDlyokn e/; Hkkjr ds fgLlksa dks lrk jgk gS
tgka Hkkjr dh vf/kdrj [kfut lEink gS vkSj ;fn ge uDlyokn dks fu;af=r ugha dj ik, rks
10&11 Qhlnh lykuk dh nj ls o`f) dks dk;e j[kus dks vyfonk djuk iM+sxkA*
38

"Naxalite violence is yet another problem and naxalism today afflicts the Central India parts where the
bulk of India's mineral wealth lies and if we don't control naxalism we have to say goodbye to our country's
ambitions to sustain growth rate of 10-11% per cent per annum
bl oDrO; ls lkQ gS 'kkld oxZ vius equkQs dks dk;e j[kus vkSj ns'k dh [kfut
lEink dks cxSj jksd&Vksd ds ywVus ds jkLrs esa jksM+k cus uDlyokn dks [kRe
djus ds fy, fdruk rRij gSA blesa eueksgu flag mlh vkfFkZd o`f) nj dks dk;e j[kus dh
ckr dj jgk gS ftl mPprj vkfFkZd o`f) nj dks dk;e djus dk ok;nk vke vkneh ikVhZ us
Hkh vius ?kks"k.kk i= esa fd;k gSA blhfy, bu bykdksa ij dkaxzsl o chtsih }kjk turk ij
vkijs'ku xzhu gaV ds :i esa NsM+s x, ;q) dh f[kykQr esa vke vkneh ikVhZ us ,d
'kCn Hkh ugha fy[kkA blds foifjr mls ekvksoknh usr`Ro esa tkjh tukanksyu dks
[kRe djus ds vkStkj ds :i esa vo'; ns[kk tk jgk gSA blfy, usiky esa kafrdkjh ls
Hkkjrh; jktlRrk ds fiV~Bw o kafr ds xkj esa rCnhy gq, ckcwjke HkV~VkjkbZ us
vke vkneh ikVhZ }kjk fnYyh esa ljdkj cukrs mlls ekvksoknh vkanksyu dh txg ysus
dh mEehn tkfgj djrs gq, dgk&
^Hkkjr esa ekvksoknh dks vius ladh.kZokn ls fudyus dh t:jr gS vkSj vkRelkr
djus dh t:jr gS fd Hkkjr jkT; ijkftr djus ds fygkt ls cgqr rkdroj gSA vke vkneh ikVhZ
dks muds vk/kkj rd igqapus dh t:jr gS] vkSj u fd os flQZ vf/kjpuk ds Lrj ij gLr{ksi
djsaA budk esy u;k jktuSfrd fodYi is'k dj ldrk gSA*
39


38
eueksgu flag dk oDrO;] 24 fnlEcj] 2010 https://in.news.yahoo.com/naxalism-obstacle-
countrys-growth-says-manmohan-singh-20101224-081507-741.html, 16 vizSy] 2014 dks ns[kk x;kA
39
usiky ds ekvksoknh usrk dk oDrO;] fgUnwLrku VkbZEl] 5 Qjojh] 2014]
http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/1180801.aspx?s=p , 3@29@14 dks ns[kk
x;kA

21

Maoists in India need to shed their sectarianism and realise that the Indian state is
too powerful to be defeated. AAP needs to reach out to their base, and not just intervene at
the level of the superstructure. Their combination could present a new alternative politics.
Hkkjr ds 'kkld oxZ dk ;g iqjkuk rjhdk gS tks dsUnzh; ea=h t;jke jes'k ds oDrO;
esa lkQ tkfgj gksrh gS&
^jktuSfrd ykecanh dh deh bu bykdksa ekvksoknh izHkko {ks=&ys- esa
lcls cM+h detksjh gS & vkidks eq[;/kkjk dh jktuSfrd ikVhZ dh xfrfof/k dh t:jr gSA----
yksdra= [kqn leL;k gy ugha dj ldrkA turk dks jktuSfrd ikfVZ;ksa vkSj U;k;ky; tSlh
jkT; e'khujh ij fo'okl gksuk pkfg,*A
40

Lack of political mobilisation is the biggest weakness in these areas you need mainstream
political party activityDemocracy by itself wont solve the problem..People need to have confidence in
political parties and instruments of state such as the judiciary.

Hkkjr dk 'kkld oxZ vke vkneh ikVhZ dks blh Hkwfedk esa ns[k jgk gS ftlesa ;g
ikVhZ kafrdkjh turk esa lalnokn ds Hkzetky esa Qalkdj mUgsa BaMk dj nsA blls
iwoZ Hkkjr esa ;g dke lkekftd tuoknh dh Js.kh esa j[kh tk ldus okyh ikfVZ;ka
lhih,e] lhihvkbZ djrh jgh gSA ijUrq uanhxzke vkSj flaxqj esa tcju tehu vf/kxzg.k ds
ekeys esa turk }kjk fn, x, djkjs tokc ds ckn bu lalnh; dE;wfuLVksa dh Nfo lkjh turk
ds le{k /kwfey gks pqdh gSA blfy, vke vkneh ikVhZ viuh yQkth ds tfj, 'kkld oxZ
dk u;k LrEHk cuus esa yxh gqbZ gS tks tuoknh o kafrdkjh tukanksyu dks laln dk
jkLrk fn[kkdj mUgsa ^yksdrkaf=d <kaps* esa lekfgr dj nsxhA uDlyokn ij fQDdh
}kjk tkjh fjikVZ esa fouksn feJk dh rtZ ij lhihvkbZekvksoknh esa jktuSfrd
vkdka{kk j[kus okys usrkvksa dks fpfUgr djds mUgsa pquko yM+ok dj eq[;/kkjk
esa ykus vkSj ^yksdrkaf=d <kaps* esa lekfgr djus ij tksj fn;k x;k gS ogha nwljh
vkSj lq/kkjksa ds Hkze esa turk dks Qalkus ds fy, dsjy ds dE;wfuLV ikfVZ;ksa ls
lh[k ysus dh lykg nsrh gSA
41

,sls le; esa tc O;kid Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj izHkkoh <+x ls 'kklu djus esa ljdkj dh
foQyrk ds dkj.k jktuSfrKksa vkSj U;k;ky;ksa ds ckjs esa tuer dh jk; fujk'kk dh gn rd
[kjkc gS
42
vkSj xgjkrs vkfFkZd ladV ds nkSjku HkweaMyhdj.k] mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k
vkSj lkearh&lwn[kksjh 'kks"k.k mRihMu ls rzLr turk dk fojks/k gfFk;kjcan la?kkZ
dh kDy vf[r;kj dj jgk gS] kkld oxZ pkgrk gS fd turk ds rh[ks gksrs jks"k dks ^lqjf{kr
txg* igqapk dj tukanksyuksa dh /kkj dks dqan dh tk, rkfd lkezkT;oknh ywV vkSj
lkearh 'kks"k.k&mRihM+u dks csjksd&Vksd tkjh j[kk tk ldsA vke vkneh ikVhZ dks
jktuSfrd okgd cukdj tukanksyuksa ds usrkvksa ds fy, lalnh; jktuhfr ds njokts

40
t;jke jes'k dk oDrO;] n bafMisaMaV] 2 ekpZ] 2012
http://blogs.independent.co.uk/2012/03/01/india%E2%80%99s-maoist-rebels-need-mainstream-party-politics/
3@29@14 dks ns[kk x;kA
41
fouksn feJk ds pqukoh jktuhfr esa vkus ds ckjs esa fQDdh dh fVIi.kh] VkLd QkslZ fjiksVZ
vku us'kuy lsD;wfjVh ,aM VsjfjTe] oksY;we&1] 2010] i`- 56] 54-
42
http://ridingtheelephant.wordpress.com/2012/03/02/jairam-ramesh-calls-for-political-parties-to-get-active-in-
naxalite-areas/ 3/29/14 oko vo|kk ;kA
22

[kksyus dk lh/kk eryc gS fd mUgsa fQDdh ds ^yksdrkaf=d <kaps* esa lekfgr
djukA
blfy, cLrj esa turk ds fojks/k dks ^lqjf{kr txg* igqapkus ds fy, lkezkT;oknh
iwath ij iyus okys 150 ls T;knk ns'kh&fons'kh ,uthvks us cLrj dh yksdlHkk lhV ls
vke vkneh ikVhZ dh izR;kkh lksuh lksjh dk izpkj izlkj fd;kA
43
lksuh lksjh dks
^iwathijLr] [kfut yksyqi] yksdra= dks f[kykSus ds :i esa [ksyus okyh ljdkj ds neu ds
f[kykQ la?k"kZ dk izrhd* ds :i esa is'k djrs gq, dgk tk jgk gS&
^cLrj yksdlHkk dk pquko lksuh lksjh thrsxh ;k gkjsxh] bl ckr dk gh QSlyk ugha
djsxh cfYd ;gk ;g Hkh r; gksxk fd fdrus yksx gSa tks vc Hkh lp esa ml yksdra= ds
lkFk [kM+s gSa tks uDlfy;ksa ds yk[k cgdkos ds ckn Hkh vc Hkh ;g ekurs gSa fd
jkLrk yksdra= gh gSA*
44

;g ogh Hkkjrh; yksdra= gS tks ,d rjQ rks izR;k'kh dks ukilan djus dk vf/kdkj
nsrk gS vkSj nwljh vksj tcju oksV M+yokus ds fy, yk[kksa dh la[;k esa v/kZlSU; cy
Hkstrk gSA fgUnwLrku VkbZEl esa Nih [kcj ds eqrkfcd cLrj dh turk dk dguk gS fd
os QkStksa }kjk dh tkus okyh iwNrkN ds Mj ls oksV M+kyus tk,axsaA
45

neu ds f[kykQ la?k"kZ dh izrhd ds :i esa is'k dh tk jgh lksuh lksjh us 1000: ds
LVkEi isij ij ?kks"k.kk i= tkjh fd;k gS ftlesa mlus neu djus okys iqfyldfeZ;ksa dks
vka/kz iqfyl dh rtZ ij eghus esa 20 fnu dke ysus o izfr&fgalk ds nkSjku ejus okyh
neudkjh iqfyl o v/kZlSU; cyksa dks 'kghn dk ntkZ nsdj 1 djksM+ eqvkotk nsus dh
?kks"k.kk Hkh dhA
46
vkfnokfl;ksa ds neu ds fy, eqvkotk nsus dh ?kksk.kk djus
okyh efgyk jktdh; neu ds f[kykQ la?k"kZ dk izrhd cusxh ;k neu rst djus esa jkT;
e'khujh dk ,d iwtkZA njvly vke vkneh ikVhZ us vius ?kks"k.kk i= esa Hkh uDlyokn
ls fuiVus ds fy, lqj{kk vk/kkfjr rjhdks dks viukus dh ckr fy[kh gSA
bl rjg tukadk{kk ds vuqlkj dk;Z djus dh ctk; vke vkneh ikVhZ dk fu;rh varr%
kafrdkjh vkanksyu dks uqDlku igqapkuk o turk ij neu <gkus dk gfFk;kj cuuk gh
gSA vke vkneh ikVhZ lkezkT;okn ijLr mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k vkSj HkweaMyhdj.k dh
uhfr;ksa dks gh ykxw djsxh] ftuds tfj, dkaxzsl us cngky Hkkjr dk fuekZ.k fd;k vkSj
eksnh us eqlyekuksa dh yk'k ij cus cnlwjr xqtjkrh fodkl ekWMy rS;kj fd;kA njvly
jkgqy dh dkaxzsl] eksnh dh chtsih vkSj dstjhoky dh vke vkneh ikVhZ esa dksbZ

43
;s ogh ,uthvks ftuds ckjs esa Hkkjr ds cM+s m|ksxifr;ksa dh laLFkk fQDdh }kjk
tkjh dh xbZ fjiksVZ esa lkQ fy[kk gS fd os fojks/k ds fy, lqjf{kr txg nsdj vkSj
O;fDrxr Lrj ij vuqHkoksa dks ckaVus dk eap nsdj os leqnk; ds >xM+s vkSj
rukoksa dks Hkjus esa ;ksxnku ns ldrs gSaA fQDdh] VkLd QkslZ fjiksVZ vku us'kuy
lsD;wfjVh ,aM VsjfjTe] oksY;we&1] 2010] i`-97-
44
lksuh lksjh ds i{k esa dey 'kqDyk dh vihy 7 vizSy 2014] dks
https://www.facebook.com/kamalkanker?hc_location=timeline ij iksLV dh xbZA

45
v/kZlSU; cyksa }kjk QSyk, tk jgs vkrad ds lk, esa th jgs vkfnokfl;ksa dh pqukoksa ds ckjs esa
oDrO; http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/election-beat/scared-tribals-here-will-vote-for-
anyone-to-avoid-interrogations/article1-1205831.aspx, 09~04~2014 dks ns[kk x;kA
46
if=dk] 31@03@2014- http://epaper.patrika.com/c/2634490 09@04@2014 dks ns[kk x;kA
23

cqfu;knh varj ugha gSA mlds fodkl] lq'kklu] Hkz"Vkpkj ls eqfDr ds ukjksa esa
fouk'k dh /ked lqukbZ iM+rh gSA

5- Qklhokn ls eqdkcyk % de cqjs dk fl)kar vkSj vke vkneh
ikVhZ

fgVyj ds Qklhokn ds f[kykQ yM+kbZ esa varjkVh; dE;wfuLV vkanksyu ds
usrk fnfe=kso us Qklhokn dh O;k[;k djrs gq, dgk Fkk fd
^Qklhokn lokZf/kd izfrf;koknh] lokZf/kd va/kjk"Voknh vkSj fofRr; iwath ds
lokf/kZd lkezkT;oknh rRoksa dh [kqyh vkradh rkuk'kkgh gSA--- Qklhokn ,d
vfroknh rjhdk gS ftls iwathifr loZgkjk kafr jksdus ds fy, viukrk gSA--- ;g cqtZvk ds
[kqn dh detksfj;ksa dh] etnwj oxZ ds la;qDr la?k"kZ ds cuus ds Mj dh] vkSj
cqtZvk yksdra= vkSj lalnokn ds iqjkus rjhdksa ls turk ij viuh rkuk'kkgh dks T;knk
nsj rd dk;e j[kus dh fLFkfr esa u jg ikus dh vfHkO;fDr gSA*
47

vkt vkfFkZd ladV yxkrkj xgjkus ls Hkkjr Hkh ,d Tokykeq[kh cu x;k gSA
ty&taxy&tehu vkSj izkd`frd lEink ls tqMs tukkanksyu cgqr rst gq, gSaA turk yxkrkj
iwjkuh 'kklu&iz'kklu iz.kkyh o O;oLFkk dks udkj jgh gSA vkSj e/;&iwohZ Hkkjr esa
rks ;g yM+kbZ gfFk;kjcan tukanksyu dk :i ys pqdh gSA nwljh rjQ orZeku vkfFkZd
ladV bruk xgjk gS fd bl tukanksyu dks lq/kkj dk;Zeksa ds tfj, ;kfu ekuoh; psgjk
cuk, j[kuk Hkh 'kkld oxZ ds fy, laHko ugha gks ik jgk gSA blfy, dkjiksjsV txr dh
igyh pkg eksnh cu x;k gS ftldh fgUnwRooknh Qklhoknh lksp ds tfj, gh os ladV ls
mHkjus dk liuk ns[k jgs gSaA
,sls nkSj esa vke vkneh ikVhZ ds mHkkj ls Hkkjr ds vusd cqf)thoh o
tukanksyuksa ds usrkvksa dks yxus yxk fd vke vkneh ikVhZ Hkkjr esa Qklhokn
ds ml jFk dks jksd nsxh ftldk lkjFkh ujsUnz eksnh gS vkSj bu izxfr'khy yksxksa us
^de cqjs* ds fl)kar F;ksjh vkWQ ySlj bfoy ds rgr vke vkneh ikVhZ dks leFkZu
ns fn;kA
ijUrq D;k vke vkneh ikVhZ }kjk ?kksf"kr uhfr;ksa dh ij.kfr Hkh Qklhokn dks
LFkkfir djus dh vksj ugha ys tkrh\ D;k lalnh; pqukoksa ds tfj, Qklhokn dks jksdk tk
ldrk gS ;k fQj ;g ikVhZ Qklhoknh lRrk ra= dks etcwr djus dk ek/;e Hkh cu ldrh gS\
mijksDr foysk.k ls lkQ gS fd vke vkneh ikVhZ yksd yqHkkou ukjksa dh
vkM+ esa lkezkT;okn ijLr uhfr;ksa dks gh tkjh j[kuk pkgrh gS rkfd turk ds ^fojks/k
dks lqjf{kr txg* esa igqapk;k tk ldsA fgUnwRo ds uke ij xfBr gq, Qklhoknh
fxjksgksa ds f[kykQ vke vkneh ikVhZ us ,d txg Hkh f[kykQr ugha dhA tgka eksnh
dh uhfr fganwRo fopkj/kkjk dh Qklhoknh lksp ds tfj, lkezkT;oknh uhfr;ksa ds
f[kykQ mBus okyh turk dh ,dtqV vkokt esa njkj iSnk djds o neukRed dkjZokbZ ds
tfj, dqpy dj lkezkT;okn ijLr uhfr;ksa ds jkLrs dks lqxe cukus dh gS] ogha vke

47
Georgi Dimitrov, The Fascist Offensive and the Tasks of the Communist International in the Struggle of the
Working Class against Fascism, http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/dimitrov/works/1935/08_02.htm, 4
ebZ dks ns[kk x;kA
24

vkneh ikVhZ lkezkT;oknh&lkearh 'kks"k.k] ywV o mRihMu ds f[kykQ mHkj jgs
rh[ks tukanksyuksa dks orZeku O;oLFkk ds vanj lekfgr dj mudh /kkj dks
HkksaFkjk djus dh gSA bl rjg vke vkneh ikVhZ dh ^lkezkT;okn ywV dks
yksdyqHkkou ukjksa* ;s <dus dh lksp vkSj eksnh dh lkezkT;okn ywV dks
fganwRooknh Qlhokn ds tfj, dk;e j[kus dh lksp varr% orZeku O;oLFkk dks lqn`<+
djus dh gh gS vkSj ;s nksuksa ,d nwljs ds iwjd ds :i esa Hkkjr ds lkezkT;oknh
lkearh O;oLFkk dks cuk, j[kus esa ennxkj gh lkfcr gksaxsaA
vke vkneh ikVhZ esa Qklhokn ds cht Hkh lekfgr gSa D;ksafd mlus vius
?kks"k.kk i= esa dgha Hkh tukanksyuksa ij neu dk gfFk;kj cus vkEMZ QkslZ
Lis'ky ikoj ,DV] xSjdkuwuh xfrfo/kh fujks/kd vf/kfu;e dk fojks/k ugha fd;kA d'ehj]
iwoksZRrj Hkkjr o iwohZ e/; Hkkjr esa turk ij neu ds fy, rSukr dh xbZ lsuk]
v/kZlSU; cy ;k iqfyl cyksa dks okfil cqykus dh fgek;r ugha dhA blds foifjr vke
vkneh ikVhZ us d'ehj dks Hkkjr dk vkUrfjd Hkkx gh ugha ekuk] cfYd og d'ehj esa
vkEMZ QkslZ Lis'ky ikoj ,DV dks tkjh j[kus dh i{k/kj Hkh gS vkSj og d'ehj dh
vktknh ds yM+kdwvksa dks chtsih dh rtZ ij lhekikj dk vkradokn crk jgh gSA blfy,
vke vkneh ikVhZ dkaxzslh jkt ds nkSjku ns'k dh turk ij NsMs x, ;q) dks tkjh j[kus
dh i{k/kj gS tks 'kkld oxZ dh t:jr ds eqrkfcd [kqyh rkuk'kkgh ;kfu Qklhokn dk;e djus
dh vksj Hkh c<+ ldrh gSA
20oh lnh dh 'kq:vkr esa if'peh ;qjksi ds fofHkUu ns'kksa ds lkekftd tuoknh
kafr ds fy, fLFkfr ifjiDo gksus ds ckotwn iwathokn dks m[kkM+dj lektokn LFkkfir
ds fy, fu.kkZ;d la?k"kZ NsMus dh ctk; Qklhokn dk eqdkcyk djus ds uke ij lalnh;
pqukoksa ds tksM+&rksM+ dh jktuhfr esa my>s jgs] tksfd varr% Qklhoknh 'kklu
dk;e djus esa ennxkj gh lkfcr gqvkA tgka teZuh esa izxfr'khy o lkekftd tuokfn;ksa
us fgVyj dks jksdus ds fy, vkewy&pwy ifjorZu pkgus okys yM+kdw dE;wfuLVksa
ds lkFk la;qDr ekspkZ dk;e djus dk fojksk dj dkuwuh cpko] ernku o ujefny cqtZvk
ljdkj ds tfj, Qklhoknh dks jksdus dh lksph Fkh] ogha vkfLV;k esa lkekftd
tuokfn;ksa us yxHkx Qklhoknh rkuk'kkg cfuZax MksyQql dks ^de cqjs* dgdj
leFkZu rd ns Mkyk Fkk ftlus varr% Qklhoknh gh dk;e dj fn;kA
48
gky gh esa
osuqtq,yk esa gq;wxks 'ksost us uomnkjhdj.k dh uhfr;ksa ds f[kykQ mBs tumHkkj
dks lkekftd kafr esa rCnhy djus dh ctk; ogka iwjkuh jkT; e'khujh dk;e j[krs gq,
dqN lq/kkjoknh dne mBk, vkSj tufonzksg ds usrkvksa dks lRrkra= esa lekfgr dj
fn;kA vc ogka Hkh Qklhokn flj mBk jgk gSA
49

fo'o bfrgkl dk vuqHko crkrk gS fd Hkkjr esa Qklhokn dk eqdkcyk rHkh fd;k tk
ldrk gS tc Qklhoknh rkdrksa dks tehuh Lrj ij oSpkfjd vkSj HkkSfrd :i ls usLrukcwn
djrs gq, vkfFkZd ladV vkSj rnuqlkj turk dh cngkyh ds fy, ftEesokj
lkezkT;okn&iwathokn vkSj lkearh O;oLFkk esa vkewypwy ifjorZu ds fy, fu.kkZ;d
tax NsM+h tk, ftldk vk/kkj reke 'kksf"krksa&mRihfMr turk o 'kksf"kr&mRihfMr

48
Rajni Palme Dutt, Fascism and Social Revolution, Chapter 8, Martin Lawrence Ltd, London 1934.
49
James Petras, Defeating Fascism before its too Late, http://petras.lahaine.org/?p=1978, 3 ebZ 2014 dks ns[kk
x;kA
25

jk"Vh;rkvksa dh ,dtqVrk gks] tks ,d la;qDr ekspkZ cukdj lkezkT;okn vkSj mlds
fiNYyxw nyky ukSdj'kkg iwathifr vkSj lkearh rkdrksa ds 'kks"k.k&'kklu ds f[kykQ
la?k"kZ rst djrs gq, turk dk jkt dk;e djs ftlesa ,d ,sls lPps la?kh; tuoknh Hkkjr dk
fuekZ.k djsa tksfd vkRefuHkZj] lEizHkw gksA vkak iznsk] rsyaxkuk] fcgkj]
>kj[kaM] vksfMlk] egkjkV o NRrhlx< vkfn jkT;ksa dh kfUrdkjh turk us Qklhoknh
jktdh; neu o lyok tqMqe] kkafr lsuk tSls Qklhoknh fxjksgksa dk eqdkcyk djrs gq,
fn[kk;k gS fd turk dks ywVus ds 'kks"kdksa ds ealwcksa dks /kjk'kkbZ dj turkuk
ljdkj dk;e dh tk ldrh gSA dsoy blh jkLrs ls Qklhokn vkSj mlds iSjksdkjksa ds ukikd
ealwcksa dks lQy gksus ls jksdk tk ldrk gSA
uDlyckM+h ds jkLrs ij vkxs c<+rs kfUrdkjh vkanksyu dks [kRe djus dh
lkspus dh ctk; mlds lkFk ,dtqVrk dk;e djuh pkfg,] ojuk ge 'kkld oxhZ; tky esa Qaldj
muds gkFkksa dks gh etcwr djsaxsaA tehuh Lrj ij izfrjks/k la?k"kZ [kM+k djds gh
Qklhokn rkdrksa dks dM+k tokc fn;k tk ldrk gS] vU; dksbZ 'kkVZdV jkLrk Qklhokn
dks dk;e djokus dh vkSj gh tk,xkA dsoy blh jkLrs ls ge lkezkT;oknh iwathoknh
vkfFkZd ladV] ywV vkSj lkearh 'kks"k.k&mRihfMu ls eqfDr dk jkLRkk [kqy ldrk
gSA vke vkneh ikVhZ dh yQkth esa Qaldj ge rckgh vkSj daxkyh dh [kkbZ esa gh
fxjsaxsa vkSj lkFk esa ,d ,slh lRrk dks Hkh vkeaf=r djsxsa tks 'kks"kd&'kkld oxZ
dh ywV dks dk;e j[kus ds fy, iwathifr;ksa dh [kwyh rkuk'kkgh ;kfu Qklhokn dk;e
djsxhA Qklhokn dks jksdus dk ,dek= jkLrk tukanksyuksa ds tfj, ykbZ xbZ lkekftd
kafr gh gSA fo'o Hkj dk bfrgkl crkrk gS fd vke vkneh ikVhZ tSlh 'kkld oxhZ;
lkekftd tuoknh ikfVZ;ksa us gh Qklhokn dks jksdus ds uke ij Qklhokn ykus esa gh
Hkwfedk vnk dh gSA igys ds mnkgj.kksa esa teZuh] bVyh vkSj vkfLV;k ds uke
izeq[k gSa vkSj gky dh mnkgj.kksa esa osuqtq,ykA
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