APPLICATION OF DC SHUNT MOTORS
SUBMITTED BY: YOGITA, E7802A15,10805491,DEPT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY,LOVELY PROFESSIONAL
UNIVERSITY,PHAGAWARA, PUNJAB.
Abstract— Dc shunt motor is an approximately constant
speed motor and has medium strating torque.dc shunt motor
is therefore used essentially for constant speed
applicatication require medium strating torque.industrial
application are lathes,centrifugal pumps,reciprocating
pumps etc.
DC Shunt Motors
Electrical Diagram of a Shunt Motor
The shunt motor is different from the series motor in that the
field winding is connected in parallel with the armature
instead of in series. You should remember from basic
electrical theory that a parallel circuit is often referred to as a
shunt. Since the field winding is placed in parallel with the
armature, it is called a shunt winding and the motor is called a
shunt motor. Figure 12-13 shows a diagram of a shunt motor.
Notice that the field terminals are marked Fl and F2, and the
armature terminals are marked Al andA2. You should notice
in this diagram that the shunt field is represented with multiple
turns using a thin line.
DC SHUNT MOTOR:
Typical DC shunt motor.:
The shunt winding is made of small-gauge wire with many
turns on the coil. Since the wire is so small, the coil can have
thousands of turns and still fit in the slots. The small-gauge
wire cannot handle as much current as the heavy-gauge wire
in the series field, but since this coil has many more turns of
wire, it can still produce a very strong magnetic field.
Shunt Motor Operation
A shunt motor has slightly different operating characteristics
than a series motor. Since the shunt field coil is made of fine
wire, it cannot produce the large current for starting like the
series field. This means that the shunt motor has very low
starting torque, which requires that the shaft load be rather
small.
When voltage is applied to the motor, the high resistance of
the shunt coil keeps the overall current flow low. The
armature for the shunt motor is similar to the series motor and
it will draw current
to produce a magnetic field strong enough to cause the
armature shaft and load to start turning. Like the series motor,
when the armature begins to turn, it will produce back EMF.
The back EMF will cause the current in the armature to begin
to diminish to a very small level. The amount of current the
armature will draw is directly related to the size of the load
when the motor reaches full speed. Since the load is generally
small, the armature current will be small. When the motor
reaches full rpm, its speed will remain fairly constant.
Controlling the Speed
When the shunt motor reaches full rpm, its speed will remain
fairly constant. The reason the speed remains constant is due
to the load characteristics of the armature and shunt coil. You
should remember that the speed of a series motor could not be
controlled since it was totally dependent on the size of the
load in comparison to the size of the motor. If the load was
very large for the motor size, the speed of the armature would
be very slow. If the load was light compared to the motor, the
armature
shaft speed would be much faster, and if no load was present
on the shaft, the motor could run away.
The shunt motor's speed can be controlled. The ability of the
motor to maintain a set rpm at high speed when the load
changes is due to the characteristic of the shunt field and
armature. Since the armature begins to produce back EMF as
 soon as it starts to rotate, it will use the back EMF to maintainconstant throughout its load range and drops slightly when it is
its rpm at high speed. If the load increases slightly and causesdrawing the largest current.
the armature shaft to slow down, less back EMF will be
produced. This will allow the difference between the back
EMF and applied voltage to become larger, which will cause
more current to flow. The extra current provides the motor
with the extra torque required to regain its rpm when this load
is increasedslightly.
The shunt motor's speed can be varied in two different ways.
These include varying the amount of current supplied to the
shunt field and controlling the amount of current supplied to
the armature. Controlling the current to the shunt field allows
the rpm to be changed 10-20% when the motor is at full rpm.
This type of speed control regulation is accomplished by
slightly increasing or decreasing the voltage applied to the
field. The armature continues to have full voltage applied to it
while the current to the shunt field is regulated by a rheostat
that is connected in series with the shunt field. When the shunt
field's current is decreased, the motor's rpm will increase
slightly. When the shunt field's current is reduced, the A.
armature must rotate faster to produce the same amount of
back EMF to keep the load turning. If the shunt field current is
increased slightly, the armature can rotate at a slower rpm andB. A curve that shows the armature current versus the
maintain the amount of back EMF to produce the armature armature speed for a shunt motor.
current to drive the load. The field current can be adjusted
with a field rheostat or an SCR current control.C.
The shunt motor's rpm can also be controlled by regulating the
voltage that is applied to the motor armature. This means that
if the motor is operated on less voltage than is shown on its
data plate rating, it will run at less than full rpm. You must
remember that the shunt motor's efficiency will drop off
drastically when it is operated below its rated voltage. The
motor will tend to overheat when it is operated below full
voltage, so motor ventilation must be provided. You should
also be aware that the motor's torque is reduced when it is
operated below the full voltage level.
Since the armature draws more current than the shunt field,
the control resistors were much larger than those used for the
field rheostat. During the 1950s and 1960s SCRs were used
for this type of current control. The SCR was able to control
the armature current since it was capable of controlling
several hundred amperes.

Torque Characteristics
The armature's torque increases as the motor gains speed due to
the fact that the shunt motor's torque is directly proportional to the
armature current. When the motor is starting and speed is very
low, the motor has very little torque. After the motor reaches fullD.
rpm, its torque is at its fullest potential. In fact, if the shunt field
current is reduced slightly when the motor is at full rpm, the rpm
will increase slightly and the motor's torque will also in-crease Diagram of a shunt motor connected to a reversing motor
slightly. This type of automatic control makes the shunt motor a starter.
good choice for applications where constant speed is required,
even though the torque will vary slightly due to changes in the Reversing the Rotation
load. the torque/speed curve for the shunt motor. From thisE. The direction of rotation of a DC shunt motor can be
diagram you can see that the speed of the shunt motor stays fairly reversed by changing the polarity of either the armature coil or
the field coil. In this application the armature coil is usually
changed, as was the case with the series motor. the electrical
diagram of a DC shunt motor connected to a forward and
reversing motor starter. You should notice that the Fl and F2
terminals of the shunt field are connected directly to the power
supply, and the Al and A2 terminals of the armature winding
are connected to the reversing starter.
When the FMS is energized, its contacts connect the Al lead
to the positive power supply terminal and the A2 lead to the
negative power supply terminal. The Fl motor lead is
connected directly to the positive terminal of the power supply
and the F2 lead is connected to the negative terminal. When
the motor is wired in this configuration, it will begin to run in
the forward direction.
When the RMS is energized, its contacts reverse the armature
wires so that the Al lead is connected to the negative power
supply terminal and the A2 lead is connected to the positive
power supply terminal. The field leads are connected directly
to the power supply, so their polarity is not changed. Since the
field's polarity has remained the same and the armature's
polarity has reversed, the motor will begin to rotate in the
reverse direction. The control part of the diagram shows that
when the FMS coil is energized, the RMS coil is locked out.
Installing a Shunt Motor
A shunt motor can be installed easily. The motor is generally
used in belt-drive applications. This means that the installation
procedure should be broken into two sections, which include
the mechanical installation of the motor and its load, and the
installation of electrical wiring and controls.
When the mechanical part of the installation is completed, the
alignment of the motor shaft and the load shaft should be
checked. If the alignment is not true, the load will cause an
undue stress on the armature bearing and there is the
possibility of the load vibrating and causing damage to it and
the motor. After the alignment is checked, the tension on the
belt should also be tested. As a rule of thumb, you should have
about V2 to 1/4 inch of play in the belt when it is properly
tensioned.
Several tension measurement devices are available to
determine when a belt is tensioned properly. The belt tension
can also be compared to the amount of current the motor
draws. The motor must have its electrical installation
completed to use this method.
The motor should be started, and if it is drawing too much
current, the belt should be loosened slightly but not enough to
allow the load to slip. If the belt is slipping, it can be tightened
to the point where the motor is able to start successfully and
not draw current over its rating.
The electrical installation can be completed before, after, or
during the mechanical installation. The first step in this
procedure is to locate the field and armature leads in the motor
and prepare them for field connections. If the motor is
connected to magnetic or manual across the line starter, the Fl
field coil wire can be connected to the Al armature lead and an
interconnecting wire, which will be used to connect these
leads to the Tl terminal on the motor starter. The F2 lead can
be connected to the A2 lead and a second wire, which will
connect these leads to the T2 motor starter terminal.
When these connections are completed, field and armature
leads should be replaced back into the motor and the field
wiring cover or motor acces plate should be replaced. Next
the DC power supply's positive and negative leads should be
connected to the motor starter's LI and L2 terminals,
respectively.After all of the load wires are connected, any
pilot devices or control circuitry should be installed and
connected. The control circuit should be tested with the load
voltage disconnected from the motor. If the control circuit
uses the same power source as the motor, the load circuit can
be isolated so the motor will not try to start by disconnecting
the wire at terminal L2 on the motor starter. Operate the
control circuit several times to ensure that it is wired correctly
and operating properly. After you have tested the control
circuit, the lead can be replaced to the L2 terminal of the
motor starter and the motor can be started and tested for
proper operation. Be sure to check the motor's voltage and
current while it is under load to ensure that it is operating
correctly. It is also important to check the motor's temperature
periodically until you are satisfied the motor is operating
correctly.
If the motor is connected to a reversing starter or reduced-
voltage starting circuit, their operation should also be tested.
You may need to read the material in Section 15.3.6 to fully
understand the operation of these methods of starting the
motor using reduced-voltage methods. If the motor is not
operating correctly or develops a fault, a troubleshooting
procedure should be used to test the motor and locate the
problem.
Troubleshooting
When a DC shunt motor develops a fault, you must be able to
locate the problem quickly and return the motor to service or
have it replaced. The most likely problems to occur with the
shunt motor include loss of supply voltage or an open in either
the shunt winding or the armature winding. Other problems
may arise that cause the motor to run abnormally hot even
though it continues to drive the load. The motor will show
different symptoms for each of these problems, which will
make the troubleshooting procedure easier.
When you are called to troubleshoot the shunt motor, it is
important to determine if the problem occurs while the motor
is running or when it is trying to start. If the motor will not
start, you should listen to see if the motor is humming and
trying to start. When the supply voltage has been interrupted
due to a blown fuse or a de-energized control circuit, the
motor will not be able to draw any current and it will be silent
when you try to start it. You can also determine that the
supply voltage has been lost by measuring it with a voltmeter
at the starter's LI and L2 terminals. If no voltage is present at
the load terminals, you should check for voltage at the starter's
Tl and T2 terminals. If voltage is present here but not at the
load terminals, it indicates that the motor starter is de-
energized or defective. If no voltage is present at the Tl and
 T2 terminals, it indicates that supply voltage has been Shunt-Wound
lost Motors - This type of motor runs practically constant
prior to the motor starter. You will need to check the supply speed, regardless of the load. It is the type generally used in
fuses and the rest of the supply circuit to locate the fault. commercial practice and is usually recommended where starting
If the motor tries to start and hums loudly, it indicates thatconditions
the are not usually severs. Speed of the shunt-wound motors
supply voltage is present. The problem in this case is probably
may e regulated in two ways: first, by inserting resistance in series
due to an open field winding or armature winding. It could with t the armature, thus decreasing speed: and second, by inserting
also be caused by the supply voltage being too resistance low in the field circuit, the speed will vary with each change in
The most likely problem will be an open in the field winding load: in the latter, the speeds is practically constant for any setting of
since it is made from small-gauge wire. The open can occur theifcontroller. This latter is the most generally used for adjustable-
the field winding draws too much current or develops a short speed service, as in the case of machine tools.
circuit between the insulation in the coils. The best way to test
the field is to remove supply voltage to the motor by opening
the disconnect or de-energizing the motor starter. Be sure to
use a lockout when you are working on the motor after the
disconnect has been opened. The lockout is a device that is
placed on the handle of the disconnect after the handle is
placed in the off position, and it allows a padlock to be placed
around it so it cannot be removed until the technician has
completed the work on the circuit. If lockout has extra holes, The shunt motor is probably the most common dc motor
additional padlocks can be placed on it by other technicians used in industry today. Components of the shunt motor are the
who are also working on this system. This ensures that the armature, labeled A1 and A2, and the field, labeled F1 and F2.
power cannot be returned to the system until all technicians The coils in the shunt field are composed of many turns of
have removed their padlocks. The lockout will be explained in small wire, resulting in low shunt field current and moderate
detail in the chapter on motor controls later in this text. armature current. This motor provides starting torque that
varies with the load applied and good speed regulation by
controlling the shunt field voltage. If the shunt motor loses it’s
After power has been removed, the field terminals should be isolated field it will accelerate slightly until CEMF rises to a value
from the armature coil. This can be accomplished by disconnecting sufficient to shut off the torque producing current. In other
one set of leads where the field and armature are connected together. words, the shunt motor will not destroy itself if it loses its
Remember that the field and armature are connected in parallel and if field, but it won’t have the torque required to do the job it was
they are not isolated, your continuity test will show a completed designed for.
circuit even if one of the two windings has an open. Some of the common uses of the shunt motor are machine
When you have the field coil isolated from the armature coil, you can shop lathes, and industry process lines where speed and
proceed with the continuity test. Be sure to use the R X 1k or R X tension control are critical.
10k setting on the ohmmeter because the resistance in the field coil shunt wound DC motors provide medium starting torque,
will be very high since the field coil may be wound from several 125% to 200% full load, and are capable of delivering 300%
thousand feet of wire. If the field winding test indicates the field of full load torque for short periods. With excellent speed
winding is good, you should continue the procedure and test the control, shunt wound motors generally drive loads requiring
armature winding for continuity. speed control and low starting torque Some applications
The armature winding test may show that an open has developed include fans, blowers, centrifugal pumps, conveyors,
from the coil burning open or from a problem with the brushes. Since elevators,
the brushes may be part of the fault, they should be visually inspected printing
and replaced if they are worn or not seating properly. If the presses,
commutator is also damaged, the armature should be removed, so the
commutator can be turned down on a lathe.
If either the field winding or the armature winding has developed an
open circuit, the motor will have to be removed and replaced. In
some larger motors it will be possible to change the armature by itself
rather than remove and replace the entire motor. If the motor operates
but draws excessive current or heats up, the motor should be tested
for loose or shorting coils. Field coils may tend to come loose and
cause the motor to vibrate and overheat, or the armature coils may
come loose from their slots and cause problems. If the motor
continues to overheat or operate roughly, the motor should be
removed and sent to a motor rebuilding shop so that a more in-depth woodworking machine etc.
test may be performed to find the problem before the motor is Series-wound motors should never be used where the motor
permanently damaged by the heat. cab be started without load, since they will race to a dangerous
degree.
 include crane hoists, where large required for moving large
loads. Traction motors used to drive trains are series motors
that provide the required torque and horsepower to get
massive amounts of weight moving. Series-Wound DC
Motors speed varies automatically with the load, increasing
as the load decreases. Use of series motor is generally limited
to case where a heavy power demand is necessary to bring the
machine up to speed, as in the case of certain elevator and
hoist installations, for steelcars, etc. Series-wound motors
should never be used where the motor cab be started without
load, since they will race to a dangerous degree.

Compound-Wound DC Motor

A combination of the shunt wound and series wound types

combines the characteristics of both. Characteristics may be
Components of a series motor include the armature, labeled varied by varying the combination of the two windings. These
A1 and A2, and the field, S1 and S2. The same current is motors are generally used where severe starting conditions are
impressed upon the armature and the series field. The coils in met and constant speed is required at the same time
the series field are made of a few turns of large gauge wire, to
facilitate large current flow. This provides high starting
torque, approximately 2 ¼ times the rated load torque. Series
motor armatures are usually lap wound. Lap windings are
good for high current, low voltage applications because they
have additional parallel paths for current flow. Series motors
have very poor speed control, running slowly with heavy
loads and quickly with light loads. A series motor should
never drive machines with a belt. If the belt breaks, the load
would be removed and cause the motor to over speed and
destroy itself in a matter of seconds.
heavy loads will be raised and lowered and bridge and
trolley drives on large overhead cranes. The series motor
provides the starting torque Common uses of the series motor
motors can be operated as shunt motors by disconnecting the
series field. Many manufacturing process lines are designed
this way. The reason being that, most off the shelf motors are
compound motors, and the series field can always be
connected later to provide additional torque, if needed.
Compound motors can be connected two ways, cumulatively
and differentially. When connected cumulatively, the series
field is connected to aid the shunt field, providing faster
response than a
When comparing the advantages of the series and shunt
straight shunt motor.
motors, the series motor has greater torque capabilities while
When connected
the shunt motor has more constant and controllable speed over
differentially, the
various loads. These two desirable characteristics can be
series field opposes
found in the same motor by placing both a series field and
the shunt field.
shunt field winding on the same pole. Thus, we have the
Differentially
compound motor. The compound motor responds better to
connected
heavy load changes than a shunt motor because of the
compound motors
increased current through the series field coils. This boosts the
are sometimes
field strength, providing added torque and speeds.
referred to as
If a shunt coil is added to a series motor at light loads (when a
“suicide motors,”
series motor tends to over speed) the added shunt field flux
because of their
limits the top speed, eliminating self-destruction. Common
penchant for self
uses of the compound motor include elevators, air
destruction. If
compressors, conveyors, presses and shears. Compound
perhaps, the shunt field circuit were to suddenly open during II. I would like to specially thanks my teacher Mr. Deepak
loading, the series field would then assume control and the
Chaudhary who had trusted me that I would be able to
polarity of all fields would reverse. This results in the motor
stopping, and then restarting in the opposite direction. It then make this term paper on the topic Applications of DC
operates as an unloaded series motor and will destroy itself.
Shunt Motor. I would also like to thanks my parents,
Differentially connected motors can also start in the opposite
direction if the load is too heavy. Therefore, it is seldom used friends and my classmates for helping me in making the
in industry. Compound Wound DC Motors Whenever an
term paper.
operation requires speed regulation characteristics unavailable
in series or shunt motors, compound wound motors perform
well. With medial starting torque capability, between 180 and
260% of full load, they deliver constant operating speeds REFERENCE:
under any percentage of full load.
1)SCIENCE DIRECT.COM

2)NPTEL.COM

3)Basic electrical engineering by v.n mittle

4)Basic electrical by j.B gupta

This characteristic is a result of placing part of the field circuit

in series with that of the armature. When under load, increased
series winding current raises the level of field flux. Enlarged
field flux in compound wound motors yields greater reduction
in speed than in a shunt motor.
The compound wound DC motor comprises both series and
shunt windings. The shunt winding connects in parallel with
armature and series windings. Some associated applications
include punch presses, shears, crushers, and reciprocating
compressors.
Compound Wound DC Motors Is a combination of the
shunt wound and series wound types combines the
characteristics of both. Characteristics may be varied by
varying the combination of the two windings. These motors
are generally used where severe starting conditions are met
and constant speed is required at the same time.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I,Yogita would like to thanks all those people who had

helped me in making this term paper of Electrical Sciences-