Chapter 17 Section 1

Background to the Civil War

Period of rebuilding known as reconstruction.
The South was in shambles and war torn.
There were various plans to get the South back into order.
Lincoln's Plan 10% Plan
10 percent of the voters took an oath of loyalty to the union.
Able to form government that banned slaves.
Offered amnesty for those who swore loyalty.
Killed by John-Wilkes Booth.
The Radicals' Plan
Thaddeus Stevens believed that the south must be reconstructed ,but they would be denied
seats in government.
Branch of Republican party
Radical=Extremist
Wade-Davis Bill
A majority must swear loyalty to the union.
Confederate soldiers could vote in delegates.
Had to ban slavery.
Lincoln refused to sign this bill.
The Freedman's Bureau
Provided food, cloths, and medical services.
helped new slaves adjust.
Make new schools and fair wages.
Johnson's Plan
His plan included pardoning. Confederates that were high ranking only by pardons.
Only pardoned whites could vote in delegates.
Before a state could, re-enter the union they must denounce succession and slavery.
States also had to ratify the 13th amendment.
He did not support equal rights for African Americans.

Chapter 17 Section 2
African American Rights
Due to riots in Memphis Republicans wouldn't seat southerners
in government
Freedmen's Bureau were able to charge civil right violators.
Black Codes
Controlled free men and women.
Banned from owning land.
Exploited African American workers.
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Gave full citizenship to African Americans.
Johnson vetoed it.
Republicans overrode Johnson.

Johnson's Impeachment
Congress passed tenure of office act limiting his power to fire.
He fired Edwin Stanton from office illegally.
Congress tried to impeach Johnson ,but failed.
Reconstruction Acts of 1867

Creation of new gov. in South.
Had to ratify 14th amendment.
Submit constitutions for approval.
Republicans gained South.

Chapter 17 Section 3
*Grant Administration*
The Republicans nominated Grant who was a war hero.
The 15th amendment was the right to vote for African Americans.
15th Amendment
It stopped people from barring other citizens because of race from voting.
14th Amendment
This did not say anything about race ,but if a state stopped people from voting they could
utilize representation in congress.
African Americans in Politics
They served in the House of Reps.
Hiram Revels was a senator that started schools
for freed slaves.
Blanche Bruce was a senator who was a
teacher.
Southern Politics
Many Carpetbaggers moved to the South and supported reform.
Southerners said, Reconstruction governments were corrupt.
Whites refused to give credit or rent to African Americans.
Group like the KKK arose to combat civil rights.
Education
African American schools and colleges started.
Many schools did not have African Americans and
whites together.
Sharecropping
A landowner rented a plot of land to a sharecropper.
In return they got a cut of the crop output.
After paying the landowners, they did not make much money.


Chapter 17 Section 4
The End of Reconstruction
The North got tired of dealing with the South's
problems.
There was a split in the Republican party during the
Grant era.
Republicans passed the amnesty act which gave all
confederates a pardon.
Rutherford Hayes
After a controversial election Republican Rutherford
Hayes won ,but only because of a compromise.
The Compromise of 1877 was created which made
Republicans withdraw troops and give aid to the South.
The New South
Democrats rose that were called "redeemers" because
they saved the South.
A new industrial economy rose with textile mills and
tabacoo farms.
They rebuilt railroads built during the Civil War.
Sharecropping and cash crops were the only way to profit
from farming
Restrictions on African
Americans.
A poll tax was implemented because
they couldn't pay it.
A literacy test was placed because
they couldn't read.
To keep whites from voting if there
grandfather or parents could for they
could as well.
Jim Crow Era
The Jim Crow laws made races be separated in public places.
Plessy v. Ferguson was the issue of a Louisiana law that made African
Americans sit on a separate section of the train.
The supreme court said that segregation was fine if the facilities were
equal.
The facilities were almost never equal.