Functions Lesson One Handout

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Functions 1 Introduction to Functions Name _________________________________
1.1 What is a Function? Per ______ Date ________________________
Algebra II Q1 Functions 1 Handouts

Functions arise very naturally in the world around us, and we use them every day without even
thinking about it. A simple way to think about a function is to picture an input-output
machine:

1. The statements below represent real world situations that are examples of functions. After
being assigned one of the statements below, work with a partner to create a possible table of
values for the situation.

a. The total cost (output) for buying a designated number (input)
of pounds of apples.

Input Output

b. The number of miles (output) traveled after driving for x-hours
(input) after beginning a trip.

c. The height (output) of a ball, t-seconds (input) after dropping it off a bridge.

d. The amount of money (output) you earn for working x-hours (input) during the workweek.

e. The official high temperature (output) each day of 2013 (input) at the Honolulu Airport.

f. The height (output) of water in a container, t-seconds (input) after you begin to fill the
container with water.

Input Output
Apply a rule or a
relationship
pounds of apples total cost
hours driven
miles traveled
cost
time (seconds)
after letting go
of the ball
height of the ball
number of hours worked amount of money earned
n
th
day of the year
highest temperature on that day
time (seconds) filling the
container with water
height of the water

There is another important characteristic of a function: the number of possible outputs for each
input.

2. Refer back to the table of values you created in question #1. For the situation that you and
your partner were assigned, can you think of any input values that would result in more than
1 output value? For example:
If you go to the cashier to buy x pounds of apples, is there any number of pounds that
would result in more than one total cost?
If you drop a ball over the side of a bridge, is there any moment in time when the ball
could be at 2 different heights?
If you answered yes for your situation, provide an example. If you cannot think of an
example, state none.

_________________________________________________________________________

3. The data in the table below was collected by measuring the height and weight of several
students in Mrs. Okunagas Algebra 2 class.
Height (in.) 61 67 63 71 70 63 63 67 70 64 73 65
Weight (lb.) 120 162 144 168 170 139 133 188 182 145 175 165

Are there any input values (height) that have more than 1 output value (weight)? If so, circle
all input values that have more than 1 output value.

4. Elijah wanted to know how fast he could run from one goal line of a football field to the
other goal line and then turn around and run back to where he started. His friend timed him
and recorded the data in the table below.
Distance from
starting point (yds.)
0 20 40 60 80 100 80 60 40 20 0
Time
(seconds)
0 5 9 13 18 21 28 34 41 47 55

Are there any input values (distance from starting point) that have more than 1 output value
(time)? If so, circle all input values that have more than 1 output value.


5. Based on this definition explain whether the collection of input/output pairs in questions #3
and #4 above is a function or not a function. Provide an example from the data set to support
your conclusion.
a. Height and weight of students in Mrs. Okunagas Algebra 2 class:

b. The distance and time as Elijah ran on a football field from one end to the other and back:

For example, lets revisit the function in question 1d relating the number of hours worked to the
amount of money earned:
the Domain would be the set of all numbers that you could possibly work in one week;
the RANGE would be the set of all the possible amounts that you could earn for numbers
in the domain.
Domain RANGE
(all possible number of hours worked) (all possible amounts that you could earn)

Definition: A function is a collection of input/output pairs such that for
each input there is exactly one output.
Equivalently: A function is a collection of ordered pairs (e.g. (x,y)),
no two of which have the same first coordinate.
Domain: The set of inputs for a function (or, all possible numbers that
could be used as an input value for the function).
RANGE: The set of OUTPUTS for a function (or, all possible
numbers that could result as output values for the function).
$12 per
hour
23sdfasdf
4
16
35
.
.
.
x
$48
$192
$420
.
.
.
$12x
6. Decide whether each of the following represents a function and either describe or create a
table of values to show what the domain and range might be. For each non-function explain
why it fails to be a function.
a. The distance (output) you have left to walk on your way home from school after the amount
of time (input) that you started walking. Assume you walk home at a constant rate of 3 miles
per hour.

b. Your weight (output) the number of weeks (input) after starting a new diet and fitness
program. Assume you were on the program for several weeks and lost weight at a constant
rate of 2.5 pounds per week.

c. The time (output) at which you were traveling 10 mph (input) when you drove from home to
the store and back home.

d. The total cost (output) for parking in a garage that charges by the hour (input). One particular
parking garage charges $3 per hour (a fraction of an hour is charged as a whole hour).

e. The time (output) in seconds after removing your food from the microwave when your food
is at a specific temperature (input). For example, considering an input value of 100 degrees,
at what time (output) would your food be at that temperature.

1.2 Function Representations Per ______ Date ________________________
In the previous lesson we saw that functions are used to describe real world quantities (outputs)
that usually change as inputs change. Frequently these quantities are described in words. In
order to investigate them in a more precise manner we use graphs, tables, and symbolic formulas
to also represent our collections of input/output pairs.
Graphs are visual representations that easily provide a lot of information.
Tables are numeric representations that provide exact values, but only for a limited
number of inputs.
Symbolic representations capture all of the information in a single formula and
provide an easy method for finding single outputs based on a single input (just evaluate
the formula at the input value).

Symbolic Notation The notation we would use to designate the Cost (C) for x-number of
television sets is C(x), which is read C of x.
If a television costs $400, then the cost for 3 sets would be represented as C(3) = 1200;
the cost for 5 sets would be C(5) = 2000; and,
in general, the cost for x sets would be C(x) = 400x.

1. Suppose we wish to create a function to represent the cost for purchasing songs on iTunes
that sell for $1.29 per song. Which of the following (a g) are accurate representations of
this function (x represents the number of songs purchased, P(x) represents the cost for
purchasing x-many songs)? For each representation that fails, please explain why it fails.

a. P(x) = 1.29x, where x > 0. b. P(x) = x + 1.29, where x > 0.

c. The number of iTunes songs we can buy with P(x) dollars at $1.29 per song.

d. e.

x P(x)
0 0
1 1.29
2 2.58
3 3.87
4 5.16

x P(x)
5 6.25
10 12.5
15 18.75
20 25
25 31.25

f. g.

Reflection

Of the problems (a-g) above that you selected as correct representations for the situation (buying
iTunes songs at $1.29 per song),

a. which representation(s) would be easiest to use to determine the price for 3 songs?
Explain.

b. which representation(s) above would be easiest to use to determine the price for 35
songs? Explain.

c. What are some of the advantages to having four different representations for the same
function?

" # $ % & '

2. Fill in the missing cell for each of the tables below based on observed patterns.

3. Graph f(x), j(x) and k(x) using the tables of values above (in problem #2).

x f(x)
51 6
52 8
53 10
54 12
55 14
56

x g(x)
-2 10
-1 5
0 0
1 -5
2 -10
3

x h(x)
.35 300
.36 350
.37 400
.38 450
.39 500
.40

x j(x)
5 .7
10 .6
15 .5
20 .4
25 .3
30

x k(x)
1 2
2 4
3 8
4 16
5 32
6


4. Considering f(x), j(x) and k(x) above, which representation (the table of values or the graph)
would you prefer to use in order to determine each of the following? Explain your answer.
a. f(52.5) b. j(0) c. k(10)

5. The symbolic representations of the functions from question 5 are the following:
( ) 2 96 f x x = !
g( ) 5 x x = !
h( ) 5000 1450 x x = !
j( ) .02 .8 x x = ! +
k( ) 2
x
x =
Determine each of the following values.
a. f(100) b. g(30) c. h(1) d. j(100). e. k(-2).

6. Reflection
a. Which representation (a table, graph or function) is easiest to use to determine the values
you found in questions 8a 8e above? Explain your answer.

b. What did you notice about the function k that was different from the other four functions?

5a - 5e
1.3 Function Representation Puzzle Per ______ Date ________________________

REPORTING SHEET
Cut out the equations, tables, descriptions and graphs on the following pages so that you
have a total of 20 cards with one representation on each card. Then, match the
appropriate representations and glue or tape the cards to this reporting sheet.

Description: Table:

Equation: Graph:


E1

2
( ) f x x =

E2

( ) 5 f x x =

E3

2
( ) 16 50 3 f x x x = ! + +

E4

( ) 700 3 f x x = +

E5

( ) 2 30 f x x = !

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

D1

This function represents
the number of Instagram
followers you have at the
end of each day, where
x = 0 represents Jan 1,
2014, the number of
followers you have at the
end of Jan 1, 2014 is 700,
and you gain 3 followers
every day thereafter.

D2

This function
represents the height
of a football x
seconds after it is
kicked, until it hits
the ground.

D3

This function
represents the area
of a square with
side length x.

D4

This function
represents the
volume of water that
has leaked out of a
hole in a swimming
pool at a rate of 5
gallons/hour, where
x = 0 represents the
time the water began
leaking out.

D5

This function represents
the profit you make on a
particular day from
selling x mangos for $2
each at the farmers
market, where you must
first pay a $30 vendor fee
for the booth.

x f(x)
0 0
1 1
2 4
3 9
4 16
5 25
6 36

x f(x)
0 700
10 730
20 760
30 790
40 820
50 850
60 880

x f(x)
0 -30
5 -20
10 -10
15 0
20 10
25 20
30 30

x f(x)
0 3
0.5 24
1.0 37
1.5 42
2.0 39
2.5 28
3.0 9

x f(x)
0 0
1 5
2 10
3 15
4 20
5 25
6 30


G1 G2
G3
G4
G5
1.4 Homework 1 Per ______ Date ________________________

1. Fill in each row in the following table by placing an X in the appropriate cell depending on
whether each table, graph, or description given below represents a function. For each choice
of No, explain why it fails.

A. The speed you are traveling at each time in a foot race.

B.

C.

D.

x y
1 5
-1 3
7 10
-2 3
15 6
8 5
0 4

x y
1 5
2 6
5 7
1 8
3 9
6 0
1 -1

Yes No
A

B

C

D

1.5 Linear Functions Review Per ______ Date ________________________

In Algebra I you studied the class of functions known as Linear Functions. Lets review some
basic properties of linear functions here. We will return to linear functions in more detail in later
lessons.

Definition A Linear Function is a function with constant growth rate. This means that equal
changes in the input values (x) yield equal changes in the function output values (f(x)).

1. Based on this definition, which of the following functions are linear functions?

2. Why do you think we refer to such functions as linear?

3. Given that f is a linear function, fill in the missing cell in the following table.

x f(x)
0 10
5 13
10 16
15 19
20 22
25 25
30 28

x g(x)
-3 0.5
-2 1
-1 2
0 4
1 8
2 16
3 32

x h(x)
0.5 100
1.0 95
1.5 90
2.0 85
2.5 80
3.0 75
3.5 70

x f(x)
7 5
9 13
11


Guided Notes
A linear function has a ____________ rate of change.
Definition: The SLOPE of a linear function is the ___________ of the change in output to the
change in input between any two input/output pairs.
This is sometimes referred to as rise over __________.
o rise refers to the change in y values.
o run refers to the change in x values.
Sometimes we use the notation to represent the change in x and the notation
_______ to represent the change in y
The concept of slope arises very naturally in the real world as there are many situations where a
quantity changes at a ____________ rate. Consider the following situation:
The table below shows the data that was collected as water leaked out of a large tank.
Each minute, the height of the water in the tank was recorded.
x: time (minutes) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 13
f(x): height of the water
(inches)
60 56 52 48 44 40 36 20 8

Verify that f(x) is a linear function by showing that all of the following ratios are equivalent:
!!
!!
!
! ! ! !!!!
!!!

!!
!!
!
! ! ! !!!!
!!!

!!
!!
!
! !" ! !!!!
!"!!

It is important to know that for any linear function, if you choose two inputs that are exactly one
unit apart (in other words, if = ____ ), then the slope is the corresponding _____________.
Another way to say that is, For any linear function, if the run is equal to 1, then the rise
represents the ______________).
For example, if oranges cost $1.25 per pound, then the cost you pay for x pounds of
oranges increases $1.25 for every extra __________ of oranges you place in your cart.
If a plane is traveling at a constant rate of 400 miles per hour then the distance to your
destination decreases by ______ miles every _____. In this situation, since the output
(the number of miles remaining to your destination) decreases over time, we say that this
relationship is a _____________ function that has a _____________ slope.
The concept of a unit rate is a very natural way to think about the concept of slope. A
unit rate tells you how much the function changes over one unit. In the leaking water
tank example above, the slope of -4 represents a unit rate which tells us that the height of
the water decreases by ______ inches for every ______ minute.
x !
x !

Below are four tables, each representing a linear function. Notice that they all demonstrate the
property that equal changes in the input values yield equal changes in the outputs.

4. Fill in the missing cells.

5. Which of the functions above have a positive slope?

6. Which of the linear functions below have positive slope? Explain

We will return to review how to compute slopes in a future lesson.

x f(x)
51 6
52 8
53 10
54 12
55 14
56

x g(x)
-2 10
-1 5
0 0
1 -5
2 -10
3

x h(x)
.35 300
.36 350
.37 400
.38 450
.39 500
.40

x j(x)
5 .7
10 .6
15 .5
20 .4
25 .3
30

x w(x)
10.1 1.2
10.2 1.5
10.3 1.8
10.4 2.1
10.5 2.4
10.6 2.7

1.6 Function Notation Revisited Per ______ Date ________________________

Function notation is essential to our study of functions. Lets investigate how to use function
notation to describe function statements in context.
Suppose R(m) represents the Revenue (in dollars) we receive corresponding to m minutes of
advertising that we purchase from a local radio station. Use function notation to represent the
following statements. The first one has been completed for you as an example. Note: there is no
connection between the individual problems. In other words, you should assume for each that
you are advertising either during a different time frame, or for a different product.
1. The revenue we receive from 3 minutes of advertising is $500 more than the revenue we
receive if we only advertise for 2 minutes.

Solution: R(3) = R(2) + 500. The left side of the equation represents the revenue we receive
for 3 minutes of advertising. R(2) represents the revenue we receive from 2 minutes of
advertising, so the right hand side is 500 more than that, which is what we want to describe.

2. The revenue from 5 minutes of advertising is only $100 more than if we advertised for 4
minutes.

3. The revenue we receive from 5 minutes of advertising is double what we receive for 2
minutes of advertising.

4. If we increase the number of minutes that we advertise, m, by 1 minute, the revenue increases
by $200.

5. If we double the number of minutes that we advertise, m, then the revenue will triple.

6. If we double the number of minutes that we advertise, m, then the revenue will increase by
50%.

7. The difference between the revenue we receive for advertising m minutes and m + 3 minutes
is $750.

8. If we triple our advertising our revenue will double.

1.6 Function Notation Revisited Per ______ Date ________________________

Now lets reverse this process. For each of the following (9 14) describe in context their
meanings.

9. R(5) = R(4) + 100

10. R(5 + 1) = R(5) + 200

11. R(10) R(9) = 250

12. R(1.5m) = 2R(m), where m > 0

13. R(m + 5) = R(m) + 1000, where m > 0

14. R(m) = R(m 2) + 500, where m > 2

15. Provide a numeric answer for R(10) if you know that R(4) = 1500 and
R(m + 6) = R(m) + 1200 for m > 2.

1.7 Homework 2 Per ______ Date ________________________

1. The linear function T(x) is defined as the number of telephone poles you pass after
traveling x miles along a straight stretch of highway, assuming the poles are equally
spaced and you are traveling at a constant speed of 55 mph. Is the slope of T positive or
negative? Explain.

2. The linear function D(t) is defined as the distance you still need to travel to arrive at your
destination, t-minutes into your trip, assuming you are traveling at a constant speed. Is
the slope of D positive or negative? Explain.

3. The linear function M(x) is defined as the amount of money you still owe your dad x
weeks after borrowing $100 from him, assuming you pay him back $10 each week. Is
the slope of M positive or negative? Explain.

4. Suppose P(t) represents the amount of money in your savings account t years after
depositing an initial amount. Use function notation to represent the fact that the amount
of money in your account after 5 years is $400 more than the amount your initially
deposited.

5. Using the same scenario as described in the problem above, describe in context the
meaning of P(t + 10) = 2P(t).

Functions Lesson One Handout

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