Sigute

GRIGALIUNIENE
Anglq kalbos
gramatika
Skaitvardiiai
You can see a twig of an apple- tree in
the
picture.
There are five
green
leaves on
one brown twig. This red and
juicy
apple is
just
for Youl
SKAITVARDZIAI
SkaitvardZiai anglq, kaip ir lietuvir.t kalboje, skirstomi
I
kiekinius ir
kelintinius.
Kiekiniai skaitvardziai
parodo
daiktq kiekiir atsako
Iklausimq
kiek?,
pvz.:
Mr Pete Starling has
got
two brothers and four sisters.
Kelintiniai skaitvardZiai parodo
daiktr{ skai6iuojamqjq viet4 eil6je ir
atsako
I
klausimq
kelintas?,
pvz.:
My mother's birthday is on the twenty-first of March.
Kiekiniai
1 one
/w^n/
2lwo
ltu:l
3 three
/ori:/
4 lout
lfr:l
5 five
7farv7
6 six
/srks/
7 seven
/'sevn/
8 eight
/err/
9 nine
Tnarn/
10 ten
^en/
'11
eleven
l'levn/
12 twelve
/rwelv/
1 3 thirteen
/.0::'ti:n/
1 4 fourteen
/.fo:'
ti:n/
15 fifteen
/
frf'ti:n/
1 6 sixteen
/.srks'ti:n1
1 7 Seventeen
/
seyn'ti:n/
18 eighteen
/
er'ti:n7
1 9 nineteen
/.narn'ti:n/
20 twenty
/'twentr/
30 thirty
/'e3rv
4A forly
1'
fc:tr1
50 fifty
/'fiftr/
60 sixty
/'srkstr/
Kelintiniai
the 1 st - f irst
f3:sv
pirmas
the2 nd - second /'sekend/ antras
the 3 rd -
third /or:d/ tre6ias
the 4 th - fourth
/fc:e/ ketvirtas
the 5 th - fifth
/frfo/
penktas
the 6 th - sixth
Arkso/
Sestas
the 7 th - seventh
/'sevn0/
septintas
the 8 th - eighth
/ertO/
a5tuntas
the I th - ninth
/nan0/
devintas
the 10 th - tenth /teno/ de5imtas
the 11 th - eleventh /r'levnO/ vienuoliktas
the 12 th -
twelfth
Ttwelfo/
dvyliktas
the 13 th -
thirteenth
/
0::'ti:n0/ tryliktas
the 14 th
-
fourteenth /.fc:'ti:nei keturioliktas
the
'15
th - fifteenth
/
fif'ti:n0/
penkioliktas
the 16th -
sixteenth /slks'ti:ne/ Sesioliktas
the 17 th
-
seventeenth
/.sevn'ti:ne/
septy-
nioliktas
the 18 th - eighteenth
/
er'ti:ne/ a5tuonio-
liktas
the 19 th - nineteenth
/narn'ti:n0/
devynio-
liktas
the 20 th
-
twentieth /'twentue/ dvidesimtas
the 30 th
-
thirtieth /'031u0/ trisdesimtas
the 40 th
-
fortieth
/'fctue/
keturiasdeiimtas
the 5O th
-
fiftieth
/'frftuo/
penkiasdesimtas
the 60 th - sixtieth i
'srkstu0/
Sesiasdesimtas
70 seventy
/'sevnh/
80 eighty
/'erty'
90 ninety
/'nantr/
100 one hundred /'handred/
103 one hundred and three
1 000 one thousand
l'Qa?rmdl
1 005 one thousand and five
1 000 000 one million
/'mrhen/
1 000 000 000 one milliard
/
m ro:d/
the 70 th - seventieth
/'sevntuO/
sep-
tyniasdeSimtas
the 80 th - eightieth
/'e1tr0/
astuo-
niasdeSimtas
the 90 th - ninetieth
/'narntr0/
devy-
niasdegimtas
the 100 th -
the hundredth
/'h,rndrod0/
Simtasis
the 103 rd - the hundred and third
5imtas tre6iasis
the 1 000 th
-
the thousandth
l' laxzndl | - tilkstantasis
the 1 005 th
-
the thousand and fifth
- t0kstantis
penktasis
the 1 000 000 th
-
the millionth
/'mrheno/
- milijoninis
the 1 000 000 000 th - the milliardth
/'mrhq:d0/
- milijardinis
KIEKINIAI SKAITVARDZIAI
Kiekiniai skaitvard2iai nuo 13 iki 19 sudaromi, pridedant priesage
teen,
pvz.:
six
+teen
=sixteen.
Kai
jie
eina sakinio pabaigoje,
kir6iuojama
jq
priesaga,
o kai
pries
kir6iuotu skiemeniu prasidedantlZod[
- Saknis,
pvz.:
Nerissa is fourteen
/fo:'ti:n/.
Nerissa is fourteen
/'fcti:n/
years
old.
SkaitvardZiai, rei5kiantys desimtis (20 - 90), sudaromi,
pridedant
prlesagqry, pvz.:
seven
+
ty
=
seventy.
Pridedant priesagas
teen, ty,
keidiasi kai kurir,l skaitvardZir{ Saknies
tarimas ir ra5yba,
pvz.:
three
+
teen
= thirteen
three
+
ty
=
thirty
five
+
teen
= fifteen
four
+
ty
=
forty
eight
+
teen
= eighteen
five
+
ty
=
fifty
two+ty=twenty
eight+ty=eighty
De5imtys su vienetais rasomos su brrikSneliu,
pvz.:
45 - forty-five, 76 - seventy-six. Sudetiniuose skaitvardZiuose tarp Simtq
(tiikstandiq,
milijonLL milijardq) ir po
jq
einandi14 deSimdiq
(arba
vienettl,
jei
nera deSimdiq) vartojamas
jungtukas
and
- ir,
pvz.:
205 - two hundred and five, 783 - seven hundred and eighty - three,
4681 -
four thousand six hundred and eighty-one.
Skaitvard2iai hundred, thousand, million, milliard daugiskaita
nevartojami,
jie
neturi
galiines
s,
pvz.:
Nine hundred metres - devyni Simtai metrq, three thousand cars
-
trys t[kstandiai automobilirl, seven million
pencils
- septyni milijonai
pieitukq,
five milliard
people - penki
milijardai Zmoniq.
Kada skaitvardZiai reiSkia neapibr6Ztq skaidiq,
jie
vartojami su
gahine
s
ir
prielinksniu
of,
pvz.:
hundreds of children - Simtai vaikq,
millions of stars - milijonai Zuaig2dZitq.
NULIO VARTOJIMO ATVEJAI
1 .0
-
zero
/'zrareu/.
Tlnkamiausias :odis mokslo ir technikos kalboje,
nurodantis temperatura ar kitus skales matavimus,
pvz.:
It is ten degrees below zero now - dabar
yra
de5imt laipsniq Saldio.
This scale
goes
from zero to fifty
-
5i skale rodo nuo nulio iki
pen-
kiasdeSimties.
2. 0 -
nought/ncg.
Tinka, skaitant de5imtaines trupmenas,
pvz.:
0.41- nought
point
four one; 5.02
- five
point
nought two.
Anglq kalboje desimtaines trupmenos nuo sveikq skai6iq skiriamos
ne kableliu, o taSku.
3. 0
-
oh
/ou/.
Vartojamas, sakant telefono numer[ar dat4
pvz.:
74 04 10 - seven four
oh
four one oh; 52 00 - five two double
/'d^bv
oh;
in seventeen
oh
nine - 1709 metais.
4. 0
-
nil/nrV
(arba
nothing
/'n
0rp/). Vartojamas, nusakant rungtyniq
rezultat4
pvz.:The
result of the
game
is 2 : 0
(two goals
to nil) -Zaidimo
rezuftatas
yrc2:
O.
KELINTINIAI SKAITVARDZNI
Kelintiniai skaitvardZiai, isskyrus first, second, third, sudaromi i5
kiekiniqskaitvardiiq
pridedant priesagq
th /0/. Priesaga eth /r0/ raSoma
prie
skaitvardZi{ kurie baigiasi
galune
ty.
Raide y pakeidiama
raide i,
pvz.:
forly
=
the fortieth - keturiasde5imtas.
Sud6tiniai kelintiniai skaitvardZiai sudaromi i5 kiekiniq skaitvardZir{,
pakeidiant
paskutini kiekini skaitvardi kelintiniu,
pvz.:
sixty-one
=
the sixty-first
-
Sesiasdesimt
pirmas
Pridejus priesagq
th
,
keidiasi 5iq skaitvardZitl tarimas ir Saknies
raSyba,
pvz.:
Zymimasis artikelis vartojamas, kai
prie5
daiktavardI eina kelintinis
skaitvardis, pvz.:
the eighth window - a5tuntas langas, the forty-sixth
birthday - keturiasdeSimt Se5tasis
gimtadienis.
DATOS
B.C. - Before Christ
/krarst/
- prieS
Kristaus
gimimq (prie6
m0srl
erq),
pvz.:
in 55 B.C. A.D.
- Anno Domini
(in
the
year
of our Lord) - po
Kristaus gimimo (milsq
eros metais),
pvz.:
in A.D. 55.
Datos raSomos ir skaitomos
[vairiai,
pvz.:
January 28
,
January 28 th
,
28 January arba 28 th January. Paprastai skaitoma January the
twenty- eighth arba the twenty- eighth of January .
Emily was born in nineteen fifty-six (1
956), on the 1Oth of February.
Her mother died in twenty hundred
(2000).
Almita and I will
go
to the
British lsles in twenty hundred and three
(2003).
MENESIAI
5
=
five - the
fifth
8
=
eight - the
eighth
January
/'
d3enjuen/ sausis
February
/'february'
vasaris
March
/mo:ty
kovas
April
/'erprl/
balandis
May
/mer/
geguze
June
7d3u:n7
birZelis
9
=
nine -
the ninth
12
=
twelve - the
twelfth
July
/d3u:'lay'
liepa
August
/'c:gesti
rugpjutis
September
/sep'temba/
rugsdjis
October
/Dk'taube/
spalis
November
/nau'
vemba/ lapkritis
December
/dr'sembo/
gruodis
SAVAITE
Monday/'mandr/pirmadienis
Friday/'frardy'penktadienis
Tuesday/'tju:zdrlantradienis
Saturday/'satedr/ Sestadienis
Wednesday
/'wenzdr/trediadienis
Sunday
7's,rndr/
sekmadienis
Thursday
/'0r:zdrl
ketvirtadienis
Mdnesiai ir savaites dienos raSomi didZiqja raide. Nera artikelio.
Vartojamas prielinksnis
in,
pvz.:
in February - vasario rnenesyje, o
savaites dienoms -
prielinksnison, pvz.:on
Sunday - sekmadieni.
LAIKAS
a second
/'sekend/ Sekunde
a
quarter
/'kwcre/
ketvirtis
(15
min.)
a minute
/'mrnrt/
minute
an hour
/'aue/
valanda
o'clock
/e'klok/
valanda
It is nine o'clock
sharp
/jq:p/
a.m. -
lygiai 9 val.
It is twenty minutes
past
two a. m.- 20
minu6iq
po
dviejq
It is a
quarter
past
six
p.m. -
ketvirtis
po
18 val.
at 10 o'clock - deiimtq val.
past
/po:st/
po
to - iki
a watch
/viDtfl
laikrodis (ki-
Seninis/rankinis)
Kalbant apie laik4 Snekamojoje kalboje
paprastai
vartojami skaif
vardZiai nuo 1 iki 12. Norint i3vengti nesusipratimr4, vartojame Zod2ius:
a.m.
/'er
'em/
nuo vidurnakdio iki vidurdienio
p.m.
/'pi:
'em/
nuo vidurdienio iki vidurnakdio
Emily starts working on the computer at I
a.m. (in
the morning).
Ted goes
to bed at eleven
p.m.
(in
the evening).
Anglq kalboje laikrodis vertikaliai dalijamas pusiau.
Norint
pasakyti
laikqnuo 12 iki 6 val. vartojame :odapast, o nuo 6 iki 12 -to.
It is half
Past
ten a.m.-
pusvalandis po
10 val.
(pusd
vienuolikos)
It is a
quarter to
lwo
a.m. - be 15 minudir.l
antra valanda
It is five minutes
to
twelve a.m. - be
pen-
kiq minudir.l dvylika
Prielinksnis
in: in
the morning,
in
the afternoon,
in
the evening.
Prielinksnis at: at
dawn
/dc:n/
austant,
at
noon
/nu:n/
vidurdienl,
at
mid(night) - vidu(naktD,
at
8
p.m.
- 20 val. vakare.
What is the time?/ What time is it? - kelinta valanda?
What time is it by
your
watch? - kiek valandr4 rodo
jiisq
laikrodis?
It is seven a.m. by my watch - mano laikrodis rodo 7 valande.
Set the watch, please
- praSau,
nusisiatykite
laikrodf.
My watch is 5 minutes slow/ fast - mano laikrodis S min. vdluoja/skuba.
Half an hour -
puse
valandos.
7
MATEMATINIAI VEIKSMAI
=
the equals
I'i:kwolzl
sign
/sam/
- lygybds Zenklas
+
the
plus
/pl^s/
sign - pliuso
2enklas
- the minus
/'mames/
sign
-
minuso Zenklas
: the division
/dr'vr3n/
sign
-
dalybos Zenklas
x the multiplication
/,m^ttrph'kerin/
sign - daugybos 2enklas
a multiplication table - daugybos lentele
4
o/o
- tour
per
cent
/pa'sent/;
4.5 %
- four
point
five
per
cent
2+3=5 9:3=3
two and three is/are five nine divided
by three
equals
two
plus
three make/makes
three
five nine divided
by three is three
two
plus
three equal/equals five 2 x 4
=
8
10
-
6
=
4 two multiplied by four equals
ten minus six equals four eight
six from ten is/makes four two times four is
eight
TRUPMENINIAI SKAITVARDZAI
Paprastosiose trupmenose skaitiklis
yra kiekinis skaitvardis,
o
vardiklis
-
kelintinis skaitvardis.
Jei skaitiklis didesnis uZ vienet4
rasoma daugiskaitos
galilne
s,
pvz.:
1/,
one seventh;
3/o
three fourths; 31/u three and one sixth.
SKATTVARDZH ANGLU KALBOS PATARLESE BEI
PRIEZODZIUOSE
Two dogs strive for one bone, and a third runs away with it - kur du
pesasi,
tredias laimi.
Nature, time, and
patience
are the
three great physicians
- gamta,
laikas ir kantrybd
yra
trys didieji
gydytojai.
Four eyes see more than one -
keturios akys mato daugiau negu viena.
A thousand
probabilities
do not make
one
truth
-
tiikstantis
galimy-
biq neatstoja vienos tiesos.
First think and then say - pirma pagalvok, paskui pasakyk.
Third time lucky -
tredias kartas nemeluoja.
A week of Sundays -
simtas metr{.
A May cold is a thirty day cold
-
Salnos
geguZy,
Saltas kitas menuo.
Sigutes cRlcALl0NlENES knygos
Stop at English 1995
Anglq kalbos
pamokos
I d. 1 996
Anglq kalbos
pamokos
ll d. 1996
Grasshoppers 1996
English every day 1 997
London: old and new 1997
Famous British Travellers 1997
William Shakespeare 1 998
ln the Wind 1998
Anglq kalbos
prad2iamokslis
I d. 1998
Anglq kalbos
pradZiamokslis
ll d. 1999
Diana
-
the Princess of Wales 1999
Friends 1 999
Anglqkalbos
pradZiamokslis
lll d. 2000
Stonehenge 2000
Lady Nessie 2001
Pasakokime angliSkai 2001
Anglq kalbos
gramatika.
Prielinksniai 2001
Anglq kalbos
gramatika.
Taisyklin0i ir netaisyklingi
veiksma2odZiai 2001
AnglLt kalbos
gramatika.
BUdvard2iai 2002
Anglq kalbos
gramatika.
Skaitvard2iai 2002