Six main reasons

Better Agriculture
Increase in Population
Ready Supply of Money
Plenty of Natural Resources
Free Society
Ready Markets to Trade With


More farmland, better transportation, new
crops increase in food supply


More people fed at lower prices with less
labor
More food more people living longer

Enclosure movement forced peasants
to move to towns to find work

Britain had plenty of workers for the I.R.
Britain had the capital to spend on new
machines and factories

Had many wealthy entrepreneurs
Looking for new businesses, make profit


Many rivers
Water power for steam engines
Good transportation for raw materials and finished
products

Lots of coal and iron ore


British government did not heavily regulate
economy
Laissez-faire

Ideas able to circulate freely

Inventors and capitalists free to act on their
ideas
British ships able to transport manufactured
goods easily

Cheaper food more money to buy other
things
Britain ahead of other countries in cotton
production

Cottage industry inefficient
New machines invented to produce thread quicker
Could use steam engine (coal) to make cotton
faster
Did not have to be near a river

Spinning Cotton
How would the rapid increase in Britains
demand for raw cotton affect the countries
that produced cotton?

Answer in your notes in about a sentence!
Coal used for steam engines
More factories built

Iron production increased
Used to make machines and build railroads

The Rocket was first public railway line
Between Liverpool and Manchester
What takes a car hour took Rocket 2 hours
Better locomotives soon followed

Effects of Railroads
More jobs
Less expensive transport made goods cheaper to
buy
Cheap goods more sales more factories

Early on, factories were near water and
powered by mills
New energy sources factories built in other
places

Early factory workers moved from rural
(country) areas
Worked in shifts, hard labor
Children worked, often beaten

Wanted: A few sober and industrious
families of at least five children each, over
the age of eight years, are wanted at the
cotton factory in Whitestown. Widows with
large families would do well to attend this
notice.
Great Britain was first country to
industrialize
Eventually spread to other parts of Europe

United States soon industrialized
G.B. and the U.S. industrializing first = huge
advantage in becoming wealthy and powerful
nations
The Industrial Revolution

American Admiral Matthew Perry
1853
Went to Japanese harbor demanded Japan
trade with U.S.

Many Asian countries did not want to
change their culture and adopt Western
ways
Japan decided to trade
Copy Western technology Japan becomes
strong nation
Happened very quickly in U.S.

In 1800
6 out of every 7 people was a farmer
No city had more than 100,000 people

By 1860
Population grew from 5 million to 30 million
Only half of people were farmers
9 cities now had more than 100,000 people
In 1750, European population = 140 million

By 1850, population almost doubled to 266
million
Decline in death rates, wars, and diseases
(smallpox and the plague)

Cities were growing rapidly because of
industrialization

Cities grew faster than basic facilities such
as clean water supplies and sewers
Cities very dirty and many diseases
Workers lived in horrible and crowded housing
Bourgeoisie
Merchants, artisans, professionals (lawyers and
doctors), and government officials

During the I.R. a new group was added
Men who built factories and bought machines
Worked from 12 16 hours a day, 6 days a
week and only hour for lunch and dinner

No minimum wage

Could be fired at any time
Long shifts

80 to 84 degrees in factories

Mining for coal = dangerous
Cave-ins, explosions, gas fumes
Cramped conditions (only 3-4 ft. high) and
dampness deformed bodies and ruined lungs
Women and children made up 2/3 of
workers in cotton industry

Reformers condemned factories for
enslaving children

Factory Act of 1833
9 years old minimum to work
9 to 13 year olds still able to work 9 hours a day
13 to 18 year olds able to work 12 hours a day

Less children working = more women
working
Made up of working force
Mainly unskilled
Paid half or less than men

Child Labor
Transition to factory life from farm life was
difficult
Families apart from each other, long hours, low
pay

Some saw capitalism as reason why
peoples lives were destroyed
Liked socialism government owns and controls
economy
Replace competition with cooperation
Workers should use their abilities and everyone
should be cared for
Known as utopian socialists

Later Socialists did not agree with these
ideas