NATURE OF

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
AN ILLNESS DUE TO AN INFECTIOUS AGENT OR IT IS
TOXIC PRODUCTS
TRANSMITTED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY TO ALL
PERSONS OR ANIMALS
THROUGH AN AGENCY OF AN INTERMEDIATE ANIMAL
HOST, VECTOR OF THE INANIMATE ENVIRONMENT.

CONTAGIOUS DISEASE
APPLIED TO DISEASE THAT ARE EASILY SPREAD
DIRECTLY TRANSMITTED FROM PERSON-TO-PERSON

INFECTIOUS DISEASE
ARE THOSE DISEASE NOT TRANSMITTED BY ORDINARY CONTACT B
REQUIRED A DIRECT INOCULATION THROUGH A BREAK IN THE PREVIOUSLY
INTACT OR MUCOUS MEMBRANE.
ON THE OTHER HAND ALL CONTAGIOUS DISEASE IS INFECTIONS.
CHAIN OF INFECTION:

IT INCLUDES PROTOZOA, METAZOAN, BACTERIA, RICKETTSIAE, VIRUSES AND
FUNGI.
SOURCE OF PATHOGEN / RESERVOIR- NATURAL HABITAT OF THE ORGANISM THAT
IS WHERE RESIDES AND MULTIPLIES.
PORTAL OF EXIT SITE FROM WHICH THE ORGANISM PASSES IMMEDIATELY TO
THE HOST.
MODE OF TRANSMISSION IT INDICATES THE POTENTIAL OF THE DISEASE,
CONVEYANCE OF THE AGENT TO THE HOST; IT CAN BE BY A COMMON SOURCE
TRANSMISSION, CONTACT SOURCE, AIR-BORNE TRANSMISSION.
PORTAL OF ENTRY- WAY OF PATHOGEN TO GAIN ENTRY IN TO THE HOST
SUSCEPTIBLE HOST A PERSON OR ANIMAL OR PLANT UPON WHICH A PARASITE
DEPENDS FOR ITS SURVIVAL.

CHAIN OF INFECTION
THE INFECTION PROCESS
CAUSATIVE AGENT
TYPE OF BACTERIUM, VIRUSES, FUNGUS, PARASITES, RICKETTSSIA,
CHLAMYDIA, ETC.
1. PATHOGENECITY ABILITY TO CAUSE DISEASE
2. VIRULENCE (DISEASE SEVERITY) AN INVASIVENESS (ABILITY TO ENTER
AND MOVE THROUGH TISSUE).
3. INFECTIVE DOSE NUMBER OF ORGANISMS NEEDED TO INITIATE
INFECTION.
4. ORGANISMS SPECIFY (HOST PREFERENCE) ANTIGENIC VARIATIONS
5. ELABORATIONS OF TOXINS
RESERVOIR

THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH THE AGENT IS FOUND.
1. HUMAN MAN IS THE RESERVOIR OF DISEASES THAT IS MORE DANGEROUS
TO HUMANS THAN TO OTHER SPECIES.

2. ANIMALS RESPONSIBLE FOR INFESTATIONS WITH TROPHOZOITES, WORMS,
ETC.

3. NON-ANIMAL STREET DUST; GARDEN, SOIL, LINT FROM BEDDING.
MODE OF ESCAPE FROM RESERVOIR
1. RESPIRATORY TRACT
2. GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
3. GENITOR-URINARY TRACT
4. OPEN LESIONS
5. MECHANICAL ESCAPE (INCLUDES BITE OF INSECTS)
6. BLOOD
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
THERE ARE FOUR (4) MAIN ROUTES OF TRANSMISSION
1. BY CONTACT TRANSMISSION
1. DIRECT CONTACT (PERSON-TO-PERSON)
2. INDIRECT CONTACT (USUALLY AN INANIMATE OBJECT)
3. DROPLET CONTACT (FROM COUGHING, SNEEZING OR TALKING TO AN
INFECTED PERSON)

2.BY VEHICLE ROUTE (THROUGH
CONTAMINATED ITEMS)
1. FOOD SALMONELLOSIS
2. WATER SHIGELLOSIS, LEGIONELLOSIS
3. DRUGS BACTEREMIA RESULTING FROM INFUSION OF CONTAMINATED
INFUSION PRODUCTS.
4. BLOOD HEPATITIS B, OR NON-A NON-B

3. AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION
1. DROPLET NUCLEI (RESIDUE OF EVAPORATED DROPLETS THAT REMAIN
SUSPENDED IN AIR)
2. DUST PARTICLES IN THE AIR CONTAINING THE INFECTIOUS AGENT
3. ORGANISM SHED INTO THE ENVIRONMENT FROM SKIN, HAIR, WOUNDS OR
PERINEAL AREA.

4. VECTOR BORNE
TRANSMISSION VIA CONTAMINATED OR INFECTED ARTHROPODS SUCH AS
FLIES, MOSQUITOES, TICKS, AND OTHERS.

MODE OF TRANSMISSION
INANIMATE VECTORS
MODE OF ENTRY OF ORGANISMS INTO
HUMAN BODY
1. RESPIRATORY TRACT
2. GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
3. GENITOURINARY TRACT
4. DIRECT INFECTION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANE/ SKIN.
HOST FACTORS
ILLNESSES FOLLOWING ENTRANCE OF INFECTION INTO THE BODY DEPEND ON:
1. AGE, SEX, GENETIC, CONTRITION OF HOST
2. NUTRITIONAL STATUS, FITNESS, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
3. GENERAL PHYSICAL, MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL HEALTH
4. ABSENT OR ABNORMAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN
5. STATUS OF HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM, EFFICACY OF RETICULENDOTHELIAL
SYSTEM
6. PRESENCE OF UNDERLYING DISEASE
7. PATIENT TREATED WITH CERTAIN ANTIMICROBIAL, CORTICOSTEROIDS,
IRRADIATION AND IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS