BDA 14303

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER 6(d)
LECTURE CONTENTS

STEADY STATE AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
ALTERNATING CURRENT AND
VOLTAGE with SINUSOIDAL
WAVEFORMS
Nodal Analysis
Step to analyze AC circuit:
1. Transform the time domain circuit to the phasor/frequency domain circuit.
2. Time domain AC source frequency domain AC source
3. Elements impedance
4.

5. Determine the number of node. Select one node reference node(0 V)
6. Write the node equation by using Kirchoffs Current Law (KCL).
7. Solve equation by using elimination technique /Cramers rule.

STEADY STATE AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
C
j
Z
C
e

=
, L j Z
L
e = , R Z
R
=
Example 1: (Nodal Analysis)
Find v
R
(t) in the network using nodal analysis. Use Vrms for the
voltage supply.


STEADY STATE AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
O 4
0.25 F
62.5 mH
v(t) = 40sin8t V
v
R
(t)
V
a
STEADY STATE AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
Solution
s rad / 8 = e
O =

= 5 . 0 j
C
j
Z
C
e
O = = 5 . 0 j L j Z
L
e
O = = 4 R Z
R
V V V
S
Z = Z = 0 28 . 28 0
2
40
0
V V
S
Z = 0 28 . 28
O = 5 . 0 j Z
L
O
=
5 . 0 j
Z
C
.
V
a
VR
O = 4
R
Z
O
4
0 . 25 F
62 . 5 mH
v ( t ) = 40 sin 8 t V
v
R
( t )
V
a
Cont



STEADY STATE AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
KCL at node V
a
0
4 5 . 0 5 . 0
0
2
40
0
= +

+
Z
a a
a
V
j
V
j
V
25 . 0
56 . 56 j
V
a
=
56 . 56 ) 25 . 0 2 2 ( j V
a
= + +
5 . 0
0
2
40
4
1
5 . 0
1
5 . 0
1
0
j j j
V
a
Z
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+

+
0
90 24 . 226 Z =
a
V
V t t v ) 90 8 sin( ) 2 ( 24 . 226 ) ( =
Therefore

0
90 24 . 226 Z = =
R a
V V
)) 2 ( (
sin
2
V V
( V v(t)
V
V
m
m
m
=
+ = Z = ) t u u
O = 4
R
Z
V V
S
Z = 0 28 . 28
O = 5 . 0 j Z
L
O
=
5 . 0 j
Z
C
.
V
a
VR
0
I2
I1
I3
Example 2: (Nodal Analysis)
Find the current I0 in the network using nodal analysis.


STEADY STATE AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
V 1
V 2
I
0
A
0
0 2
Z
O
1
O
1
O
1
O
1 j
O
1 j
O
2
STEADY STATE AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
Solution
0
2 1 1
0 2
2 1
Z =

+
+
V V
j
V
The KCL at node V1
(1)
j
V
V
V V

+ =

1 2
2
2
2 1
(2)
2 5 . 0 ) 5 . 0 1 (
2 1
= V V j
The KCL at node V2
0 ) 5 . 0 2 ( 5 . 0
2 1
= + V j V
Therefore,
From (1),
2 1
) 2 . 0 4 . 0 ( 8 . 0 6 . 1 V j j V + + + =
Subt. V
1
into (2) and solving for V
2
,
V j V 12 . 0 48 . 0
2
+ =
A j I 12 . 0 48 . 0
0
+ =
V 1
V 2
I
0
A
0
0 2
Z
O
1
O
1
O
1
O
1 j
O
1 j
O
2
I
1
I
2 I
3
Note: Use polar conversion to
change 1/(1+j)
Mesh Analysis
Step to analyze AC circuit:
1. Transform the time domain circuit to the phasor/frequency domain circuit.
2. Time domain AC source frequency domain AC source
3. Elements impedance
4.

5. Determine the number of meshes/loops. Label the meshes.
6. Write the node equation by using Kirchoffs Voltage Law (KVL).
7. Solve equation by using elimination technique /Cramers rule.

STEADY STATE AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
C
j
Z
C
e

=
, L j Z
L
e = , R Z
R
=
Example 3: (Mesh Analysis)
Find the voltage v
L
(t) in the circuit below when the voltage v
B1
= 40sin2000t V and
v
B2
= 60sin(2000t - 90
0
) V.


STEADY STATE AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
O
10
400 uF 30 mH
v
B 1
( t )
v
B 2
( t )
+ - v
L
( t )
Cont
Solution


STEADY STATE AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
V V
B
0 0
1
0 3 . 28 0
2
40
Z = Z =
s rad / 2000 = e
O =

= 25 . 1
) 400 )( 2000 (
j
u
j
Z
C
O = = 60 ) 30 )( 2000 ( j m j Z
L
O =10
R
Z
V V
B
0 0
2
90 4 . 42 90
2
60
Z = Z =
O 10
+ -
v
L
( t )
V
0
90 4 . 42
Z
V
0
0 3 . 28
Z
O
25 . 1 j O
60 j
I
1
I
2
Cont
Solution


STEADY STATE AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
4 . 42 ) ( 10 60
1 2 2
j I I I j = +
3 . 28 ) ( 10 25 . 1
2 1 1
= + I I I j
KVL at Loop 1:
3 . 28 10 ) 25 . 1 10 (
2 1
= I I j
(1)
KVL at Loop 2:
4 . 42 ) 60 10 ( 10
2 1
j I j I = + +
(2)
O
10
+ -
v
L
( t )
V
0
90 4 . 42
Z
V
0
0 3 . 28
Z
O
25 . 1 j O
60 j
I
1
I
2
Cont
Solution
STEADY STATE AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
0
7 . 82 3 . 592 ) 10 )( 10 ( ) 60 10 )( 25 . 1 10 ( Z = + = A j j
(

=
(

+

4 . 42
3 . 28
60 10 10
10 25 . 1 10
2
1
j I
I
j
j
In matrix form
0
5 . 61 4 . 482 ) 10 )( 3 . 28 ( ) 4 . 42 )( 25 . 1 10 ( Z = = j j
4 . 42 10
3 . 28 25 . 1 10
2
j
j

= A
A I
0
0
0
2
2
2 . 144 8 . 0
7 . 82 3 . 592
5 . 61 4 . 482
Z =
Z
Z
=
A
A
=
V Z I V
L L L
0 0 0
2 . 54 48 ) 90 60 )( 2 . 144 8 . 0 ( Z = Z Z = =
V t v
L
) 2 . 54 2000 sin( 88 . 67
0
=
Therefore
V t t v 2 sin 28 ) ( =
H
2
1
F
6
1
O 2
O
1
O
1 j
O 4
H 2
) (
1
t i
) (
2
t i
Example 4: (Mesh Analysis)
Find the current i
1
(t) and i
2
(t) in the circuit below by using mesh analysis.
STEADY STATE AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
O + = + = + = 4 4 ) 2 )( 2 ( 4
1
j j L j R Z e
V V
tV t v
s
0 0
0 8 . 19 0
2
28
2 sin 28 ) (
Z = Z =
=
s rad / 2 = e
O = + = + =
+ = + =
) 2 2 ( ) 3 1 ( 2 )
)
6
1
)( 2 (
)
2
1
)( 2 (( 2
)
1
(
2
j j
j
j
C
L j R
C
j
L j R Z
e
e
e
e
O =1
R
Z
STEADY STATE AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
Solution
.
V Z = 0 8 . 19 V
O + ) 4 4 ( j
O ) 2 2 ( j
O
1
1
I
2
I
+

-
V Z = 0 8 . 19 V
O + ) 4 4 ( j
O ) 2 2 ( j
O
1
1
I
2
I
+

-
Cont
Solution



STEADY STATE AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
Z = + + 0 8 . 19 1 4 4 (
2 1 1
) I (I )I j
KVL at Loop 1:
8 . 19 ) 4 5 (
2 1
= + I I j
2 1
1 2
1 2 2
) 2 3 (
0 ) 2 3 (
0 ) ( 1 ) 2 2 (
I j I
I I j
I I I j
=
=
= +
KVL at Loop 2:
(2)
(1)
Cont
Solution



STEADY STATE AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
Substitute (2) to (1):
A t t i
A t t i
A j I
A
j
I
I j
I I j j
I I j j
) 2 . 5 2 sin( 2 9 . 0 ) (
) 9 . 38 2 sin( 2 2 . 3 ) (
9 . 38 2 . 3 ) 2 . 5 9 . 0 )( 2 3 (
2 . 5 9 . 0
) 2 22 (
8 . 19
8 . 19 ) 2 22 (
8 . 19 ) 8 10 12 15 (
8 . 19 ) 2 3 )( 4 5 (
2
1
1
2
2
2 2
2 2
=
=
Z = Z =
Z =
+
=
= +
= + +
= +