WCDMA Optimization Common Interview Questions

WCDMA Optimization Related Questions

1. What is Signifcance of E!"o# On $hat facto%s it is dependent# Who p%o&ides E!"o# What is
t'pical E!"o fo% AMR 1(.( fo% "ode ) and MS#
Ans$e% * E+"o is %elated to QOS of a se%&ice $hich in te%ms %elated to it e%%o% %ate.
,echnicall' it is the minimum signal to noise needed ' inf%ast%uctu%e e-uipment afte%
disp%eading it signals. ,his is a &alue used to compa%e di.e%ent inf%ast%uctu%e &endo%s. E+"o
changes $ith the se%&ice t'pe. ,'picall' E+"o fo% AMR 1(.( is / 0 d fo% node ) and 1 d) fo%
MS. 2t is inf%ast%uctu%e &endo% 3"S"4 p%o&ides the E+"o fo% "ode ).
,he E!"5 &alue is the &alue that needs to e %eached fo% insu%ing the ta%geted se%&ice -ualit'.
,his is the %atio et$een the ene%g' pe% it fo% the %elated se%&ice o&e% the noise spect%al
e6cienc' o&e% the $hole sp%eading and.
,he sp%ead signal is cha%acte%ized ' the %atio of the ene%g' pe% chip o&e% the spect%al noise
densit' Ec!"5.
(. What e.ect is the%e on signal ' sp%eading and disp%eading#
Ans$e% * Sp%eading $ill inc%ease the and$idth of a as signal. A signal of 15 7!s $ill ecome
05 7!s afte% sp%eading and $ill ecome 15 7!s afte% desp%eading.
,he p%ocessing gain te%m e8p%esses the gain achie&ed ' sp%eading a na%%o$ and signal o&e%
a $ideand spect%um.
,his gain is the %atio et$een the sp%eading chip %ate and the actual se%&ice it %ate measu%ed
at the R9C le&el
:. Defne ;%ocessing <ain.
Ans$e% * ;%ocessing <ain is %atio et$een %ate of sp%eaded signal and %ate of non sp%eaded
signal.
;<= 15 log 3Chip %ate !)it %ate4
0. What is a chip %ate of WCDMA S'stem# >o$ much is the and$idth %e-ui%ed fo% WCDMA#
Ans$e%? * :105 7c!s. @DD A M>B of pai%ed and. ,DD A M>z onl'.
A. What is the p%ocessing gain fo% :10 7!s se%&ice#
Ans$e%?* =15C9og3:105!:104
=15Clog 3154
=15C1
=15
D. What is the %elationship of S@ and data %ate#
Ans$e%E * ,he' a%e in&e%sel' p%opo%tional. 9o$e% the S@ highe% the data %ate.
F. What is the %elationship et$een S@ and po$e% %e-ui%ed#
Ans$e% * ,he lo$e% the S@G the mo%e po$e% %e-ui%ed.
1. What is the %elationship $ith S@ and co&e%age a%ea of di.e%ent se%&ices#
Ans$e%? * ,he' a%e di%ectl' p%opo%tional. 9o$e% S@ $ill ha&e less co&e%age a%ea.
@o% e8ample Co&e%age a%ea dec%eases $ith inc%eased th%oughput. 2f $e compa%e 1(.( 7!s and
:10 7!s co&e%age a%ea.1(.( H!s co&e%age a%ea $ill e igge% than :10 7!s co&e%age a%ea.
I. What is the famil' of codes used fo% Chanelization in WCDMA
Ans$e%? * O%thogonal Ja%iale Sp%eading @acto%.3OJS@4
15. What is the minimum and ma8imum S@ in Do$nlinH and uplinH fo% @DD Mode#
Ans$e%? * Minimum of 0 and ma8imum of A1( chips in do$nlinH
Minimum of 0 and ma8imum of (AD chips in uplinH
11. What is the usage of Channelization code in do$nlinH and uplinH#
Ans$e%?* KplinH sepa%ation of ph'sical data 3D;DC>4 and cont%ol channel 3D;CC>4 f%om same
te%minal.
Do$nlinH sepa%ation of do$nlinH connections to di.e%ent use%s $ithin one cell.
1(. What is the Channelization code used fo% ;C;2C> 3;29O, C>A""E94#
Ans$e%? * C ch3(ADG54
1:. What is a t'pical C;2C> po$e%#
Ans$e% * C;2C> po$e% t'picall' taHes aout 1/15L of the total "ode) po$e%. @o% a (5W
30:d)m4 "ode)G C;2C> is a%ound (W 3:A.1 / ::d)m4.
2n u%an a%eas $he%e in*uilding co&e%age is taHen ca%e of ' in*uilding installationsG the
C;2C> ma' sometimes go as lo$ as AL ecause?
14 ,he co&e%age a%ea is small since use%s a%e close to the siteG and
(4 Mo%e po$e% can e allocated to t%a6c channels.
10. >o$ much po$e% usuall' a "ode) is allocated to cont%ol channels#
Ans$e% * ,he po$e% allocated to cont%ol channels ma' depend on e-uipment &endo%
%ecommendation. ,'picall' no mo%e than (5L of the total "ode) po$e% is allocated to cont%ol
channelsG including C;2C>. >o$e&e%G if >SD;A is deplo'ed on the same ca%%ie% then the total
po$e% allocated to cont%ol channel ma' go up to (A to :5L ecause of the additional >SD;A
cont%ol channels %e-ui%ed.
1A. What is the usage of sc%amling code in WCDMA fo% oth do$nlinH and uplinH#
Ans$e%? * ,he%e is onl' one f%e-uenc' in Do$nlinH. SC is used to sepa%ate cells. 2n uplinH it is
used to di.e%entiate te%minals.
1D. >o$ man' nume%s of SC codes a&ailale in Do$nlinH and KplinH#
Ans$e%? * Do$nlinH A1(G KplinH se&e%al millions.
1F. What is the Modulation scheme is used in KM,S fo% &oice se%&ice in Do$nlinH and uplinH#
Ans$e%? * Q;S7 in do$nlinH and >;S7 3>'%id ;hase shift He'ing4 in uplinH.
11. >o$ man' slots a%e the%e in a WCDMA @%ame# >o$ ig is a f%ame in ms. ho$ man' chips
a%e the%e in a slot#
Ans$e%? * WCDMA @%ame is 1A slots $ide. 2t is 15ms in length. ,he%e a%e (AD5 chips in one slot.
Chip %ate is :105 7c!s
9ength of f%ame = 15 ms
"ume% of chips in a f%ame = :105 C15=:1055 chips
"ume% of chips in a slot = :1055!1A= (AD5 chips.
1I. <i&e a simple defnition of pole capacit'#
Ans$e% * ,he pole capacit' is the theo%etical ma8imum capacit' of the s'stem. 2n WCDMAG this
capacit' is onl' theo%etical sinceG once %eachedG the s'stem goes in an instale state that leads
to its collapse. >o$e&e% it is still a %efe%ence fo% e8p%essing the load.
,he uplinH noise inc%eases $ith the loading e8ponentiall'. When the uplinH noise app%oaches
infnit' then no mo%e use%s can e added to a cell M and the cell loading is close to 155L and
has %eached its Npole capacit'O.
Mathematicall'G to calculate the uplinH pole capacit' $e need to Hno$?
W? chip %ate 3fo% KM,S :G105G555 chips pe% second4
R? use% data %ate 3assuming 1(G(55 Hps fo% CS*1(.(H4
f? othe%*cell to in*cell inte%fe%ence %atio 3assuming DAL4
E"o? E!"o %e-ui%ement 3assuming Ad)4
A@? Acti&it' facto% 3assuming A5L4
;ole Capacit' = 3W!R4 ! 331Pf4 C A@ C 15Q3E"o!1544 = 1(5.D
,o calculate the do$nlinH pole capacit' $e also need to Hno$?
R? do$nlinH channels o%thogonalit' facto% 3assuming AAL4
;ole Capacit' = 3W!R4 ! 331* R Pf4 C 15Q3E"o!1544 = D0.5D
(5. What is t'pical pole capacit' fo% CS*1(.(G ;S*D0G ;S*1(1 and ;S*:10#
Ans$e% * With same assumptions as ao&e?
CS*1(.(H? 1(5.D 3K94G D0.1 3D94.
;S*D0H? :0.1 3K94G 1(.13D94.
;S*1(1H? 1D.( 3K94G 1.0 3D94.
;S*:10H? 1D.( 3K94G (.1 3D94.
;S*:10H has onl' 1(1H on the uplinHG the%efo%e the uplinH capacit' is the same fo% oth.
(1. Di.e%ent 2dle mode tasHs KE pe%fo%ms
Ans$e% *2n 2dle modeG the KE has no connection to the %adio net$o%H
7eeping KEs in 2dle mode minimizes the use of %esou%ces oth fo% the KEs and in the net$o%H.
>o$e&e%G the KEs must still e ale to access the s'stem and e %eached ' the s'stem $ith
acceptale dela's. @o% thisG the follo$ing p%ocedu%es need to e pe%fo%med?
S ;9M" selection and %eselection
S Cell selection and %eselection
S 9ocation A%ea 39A4 and Routing A%ea 3RA4 updating
S ;aging
S S'stem info%mation %oadcast
((. What is cell selection c%ite%ion#
Ans$e% * Cell selection is ased on?
Qmean? the a&e%age S2R of the ta%get cell.
Qmin? minimum %e-ui%ed S2R.
;compensation? a co%%ection &alue fo% di.e%ence KE classes.
S = Qmean * Qmin * ;compensation
2f ST5 then the cell is a &alid candidate.
A KE $ill camp on the cell $ith the highest S.
(:. 2dle Mode )eha&iou% is managed ' S'stem info%mation send on $hich 9: Channel#
Ans$e% M )C>
(0. >o$ man' Radio )ea%e%s 3R)4 a%e in&ol&ed in CS &oice call#
Ans$e% M :
(A. >o$ man' Se%&ice Radio )ea%e%s 3SR)4 a%e in&ol&ed in CS &oice call#
Ans$e% M 0
(D. SC> channel consists of ho$ man' chips#
Ans$e% *(AD chips
(F. What do 'ou unde%stand ' DRU c'cle#
Ans$e% * ,he KE listens to the ;2C> onl' at ce%tain p%edefned timesG %educing po$e%
consumption. ,he pe%iodicit' of these sea%ches is set ' the s'stem and the time inte%&al is
called Discontinuous Reception 3DRU4 c'cle.
Di.e%ent DRU c'cles a%e used fo% ci%cuit s$itched and pacHet s$itched se%&ices in 2dle mode. A
sepa%ate DRU c'cle is also used to page Connected mode KEs in state KRA+;C>.
(1. Cell Reselection is &alid in oth 2dle and in $hich Sate in Connected mode#
Ans$e% * CE99 @AC>
(I. Di.e%ence et$een ;2C> and ;C>#
Ans$e% * ;2C>*;aging 2ndicato% Channel
;C>*;aging Channel
;2C> is used to indicate KE to $hen it should %ead to S*CC;C> 3Ca%%ies ;C>4 $he%eas ;C> is
used to ca%%' RRC Message N;aging t'pe 1O $hich contains actual ;aging info%mation.
:5. When is S'stem info%mation sent to KE#
Ans$e% * ,he s'stem info%mation is %egula%l' %oadcast to the KE on the )CC>. When a
pa%amete% in the s'stem info%mation is changedG all KE in a cell a%e notifed ' a paging
message o% ' a s'stem info%mation change indication message.
:1. E8plain ,ime% ,:(1(#
Ans$e% *;e%iodic 9A and RA updating is used to notif' the net$o%H of the KEs a&ailailit'G and
to a&oid unnecessa%' paging attempts fo% a KE that has lost co&e%age and is not ale to info%m
the C" that it is inacti&e.
,he pe%iodic 9A update p%ocedu%e is cont%olled ' a time%G called t:(1(G $hich gi&es the time
inte%&al et$een t$o consecuti&e pe%iodic location updates. ,he &alue is sent ' the WCDMA
RA" to KEs on the )CC>.
:(. E8plain "ea% fa% e.ect#
Ans$e%E*All use%s use the same and$idth at the same time and the%efo%e use%s inte%fe%e $ith
one anothe%. Due to the p%opagation path lossG the signal %ecei&ed ' the ase station f%om a
KE close to the ase station $ill e st%onge% than the Signal %ecei&ed f%om anothe% te%minal
located at the ounda%'. >enceG the distant use% $ill e dominated ' the close use%. ,his is
called the nea%*fa% e.ect. ,o achie&e a conside%ale capacit'G all signalsG i%%especti&e of
distanceG should a%%i&e at the ase station $ith the same mean po$e%. A solution to this
p%olem is po$e% cont%olG $hich attempts to achie&e the same mean %ecei&ed po$e% fo% each
use%.
::. "ame th%ee loops in ;o$e% cont%ol 2n WCDMA# E8plain them %ieV'.
Ans$e%E * Open 9oop
2nne% 9oop
Oute% 9oop
Open 9oop ;o$e% cont%ol
,he open*loop po$e% cont%ol techni-ue %e-ui%es that the t%ansmitting entit' measu%es the
channel inte%fe%ence and adWusts its t%ansmission po$e% acco%dingl'. ,his can e done -uicHl'G
ut the p%olem is that the inte%fe%ence estimation is done on the %ecei&ed signalG and the
t%ansmitted signal p%oal' uses a di.e%ent f%e-uenc'G $hich di.e%s f%om the %ecei&ed
f%e-uenc' ' the s'stemXs duple8 o.set. As uplinH and do$nlinH fast fading 3on di.e%ent
f%e-uenc' ca%%ie%s4 do not co%%elateG this method gi&es the %ight po$e% &alues onl' on a&e%age.
2nne% 9oop
2n this method the %ecei&ed signal*to inte%fe%ence %atio 3S2R4 is measu%ed o&e% a DDF*
mic%osecond pe%iod 3i.e.G one time slot4G and ased on that &alueG a decision is made aout
$hethe% to inc%ease o% dec%ease the t%ansmission po$e% in the othe% end of the connection.
"ote that the dela' inhe%ent in this closed*loop method is compensated fo% ' maHing the
measu%ements o&e% a &e%' sho%t pe%iod of time. ,he t%ansmit po$e% cont%ol 3,;C4 its a%e sent
in e&e%' time slot $ithin the uplinH and the do$nlinH. ,he%e is not a neut%al signalE all po$e%
cont%ol signals contain eithe% an inc%ease o% dec%ease command.
Oute% 9oop
,he oute% loop po$e% cont%ol functions $ithin the ase station s'stemG and adWusts the %e-ui%ed
S2R &alue 3S2Rta%get4G $hich is then used in the inne% loop cont%ol. Di.e%ent channel t'pesG
$hich can e cha%acte%ized 'G fo% e8ampleG di.e%ent coding and inte%lea&ing methodsG
constitute a channelXs pa%amete%s. Di.e%ent channel pa%amete%s ma' %e-ui%e di.e%ent
S2Rta%get &alues. ,he fnal %esult of the t%ansmission p%ocess can onl' e Hno$n afte% the
decoding p%ocessG and the %esulting -ualit' pa%amete% is then used to adWust the %e-ui%ed S2R
&alue. 2f the used S2R &alue still gi&es a lo$ -ualit' it st%eamG then the oute% loop po$e%
cont%ol must inc%ease the S2Rta%get &alue. ,his change in the oute% loop $ill t%igge% the inne%
loop po$e% cont%ol to inc%ease the moile station t%ansmission po$e% acco%dingl'
:0. What is S2R#
Ans$e% * S2R is the Signal*to*2nte%fe%ence Ratio M the %atio of the ene%g' in dedicated ph'sical
cont%ol channel its to the po$e% densit' of inte%fe%ence and noise afte% disp%eading.
:A. >o$ man' time 2nne% 9oop ;o$e% Cont%ol happens and $hat t'pe of fading it compensates#
Ans$e% * 1A55>z and compensates @ast @ading.
:D. What is )9ER#
Ans$e% * )locH E%%o% Rate
:F. >o$ is 2nitial RAC> ;o$e% is calculated#
Ans$e% * ,he initial po$e% on the ;RAC> * the po$e% of the f%st p%eamle * is dete%mined
acco%ding to e-uation
;+;RAC> = 9+;C;2C> P R,W; P constantJalueCp%ach
Whe%e 9+;C;2C> is the path loss estimated ' KE since it Hno$s t%ansmit Y %ecei&e C;2C>
po$e%
R,W; is %ecei&ed ,otal Wideand ;o$e%3uplinH inte%fe%ence4 measu%ed ' R)S .
constantJalueCp%ach is used ' the KE to calculate the initial po$e% on the ;RAC> . ,his
pa%amete% is confgu%ale and decides at $hich le&el elo$ R,W; p%eamle %amping $ill sta%t.
:1. What po$e% RAC> message Cont%ol ;a%t is sent#
Ans$e% * ,he po$e% of the cont%ol pa%t of the RAC> message is dete%mined ' the po$e% of the
last t%ansmitted p%eamle and ' a confgu%ale o.set po$e%O.set;pm
:I. )%ieV' desc%ie $h' open loop po$e% cont%ol is needed and ho$ it $o%Hs#
Ans$e% *Open 9oop po$e% cont%ol is used $hen no feedacH mechanism is possile. An
estimate of the %e-ui%ed po$e% is made f%om measu%ements and s'stem info%mation.
,his is used fo% initial net$o%H access and fnding initial po$e% settings du%ing dedicated mode.
05. E8plain the functionalit' of ,;C#
Ans$e% M Du%ing ;o$e% Cont%olG ,%ansmit ;o$e% cont%ol3,;C4 commands a%e used to po$e% up
o% po$e% do$n ased on S2R ta%get in the step of 5.A d) 3 1 d) if the connection is made o&e%
2u%4.
01. >o$ man' t'pes of hando&e%s a%e the%e in KM,S#
Ans$e% M
Soft!Softe% >ando&e%
2nte% @%e-uenc' >ando&e%
2nte% RA, >ando&e%
Co%e "et$o%H >a%d >ando&e%
Se%&ice ased hando&e% to <SM
>SD;A Moilit'
0(. E8plain Soft and Softe% hando&e%# <i&e some ad&antage and disad&antage fo% soft
hando&e%. What is the ta%get fo% soft hando&e% in WCDMA net$o%Hs#
Ans$e% * 2n Soft >ando&e%G the KE connection consists of at least t$o %adio linHs estalished
$ith cells elonging to di.e%ent R)Ss. 2n Softe% hando&e%G the KE connection consists of at least
t$o %adio linHs estalished $ith cells elonging to the same R)S.
2t acts as mac%o di&e%sit' since KE is connected to mo%e than one %adio linH at an' gi&en pointG
adds %edundanc' and %educes inte%fe%ence.
>o$e&e% the%e is a t%adeo. et$een soft!softe% hando&e% Y s'stem capacit'.
A KE in&ol&ed in Soft!Softe% >ando&e% uses se&e%al %adio linHsG mo%e D9 channelization codesG
and mo%e D9 po$e% than a single*linH connection. Conse-uentl'G if all the KEs connected to a
pa%ticula% R"C a%e conside%edG mo%e %esou%ces a%e needed in the R)SsG mo%e %esou%ces o&e%
the 2u and 2u% inte%facesG and mo%e %esou%ces in the R"C. @o% this %easonG the nume% of %adio
linHs in&ol&ed in the Soft!Softe% hando&e% must e limited
A t'pical ta%get fo% soft hando&e% in WCDMA net$o%H is less than o% e-ual to :5L
0:. Defne Acti&e Set# ;%os and Cons of ha&ing a small o% longe% Acti&e Set.
Ans$e% * Acti&e Set consists of g%oup of cells that taHes pa%t in soft!softe% hando&e% Y measu%e
' KE.
,'pical size of Acti&e set is : o% 0 Y gene%all' a standa%d p%actice in all WCDMA net$o%Hs.
A small acti&e set size ma' p%o&ide mo%e %esou%ces a&ailale due to less soft!softe% hando&e%
ut at the e8pense of hando&e% gain the%e' %educing the capacit' Y linH %edundanc'
00. Which linH is %e-ui%ed to pe%fo%m 2nte% R"C S>O#
Ans$e% *2u%
0A. What is Nnoise %iseO# What does a highe% noise %ise mean in te%ms of net$o%H loading#
Ans$e% * @o% e&e%' ne$ use% added to the se%&iceG additional noise is added to the net$o%H.
,hat isG each ne$ use% causes a Nnoise %iseO. 2n theo%'G the Nnoise %iseO is defned as the %atio of
total %ecei&ed $ideand po$e% to the noise po$e%. >ighe% Nnoise %iseO &alue implies mo%e use%s
a%e allo$ed on the net$o%HG and each use% has to t%ansmit highe% po$e% to o&e%come the
highe% noise le&el. ,his means smalle% path loss can e tole%ated and the cell %adius is %educed.
,o summa%izeG a highe% noise %ise means highe% capacit' and smalle% footp%intG a lo$e% noise
%ise means smalle% capacit' and igge% footp%int.
0D. What is ;ilot ;ollution#
Ans$e% * Simpl' speaHingG $hen the nume% of st%ong cells e8ceeds the acti&e set sizeG the%e is
Npilot pollutionO in the a%ea. ,'picall' the acti&e set size is :G so if the%e a%e mo%e than : st%ong
cells then the%e is pilot pollution.
Defnition of Nst%ong cellO? pilots $ithin the hando&e% $indo$ size f%om the st%ongest cell.
,'pical hando&e% $indo$ size is et$een 0 to Dd). @o% e8ampleG if the%e a%e mo%e than ( cells
3esides the st%ongest cell4 $ithin 0d) of the st%ongest cell then the%e is pilot pollution.
0F. >o$ man' fnge%s does a KE %aHe %ecei&e% ha&e#
Ans$e% M 0
01. What is Ncomp%essed modeO#
Ans$e% * Comp%essed mode is a ph'sical la'e% function that allo$s the KE to tempo%a%il' tune
to anothe% f%e-uenc'G and measu%e the R@ en&i%onment of anothe% KM,S f%e-uenc' 3e.g. 2@>O4
o% anothe% technolog' 3e.g. 2RA,4G $hile maintaining an e8isting dedicated channel
0I. When in :*$a' soft hando&e%G if a KE %ecei&es po$e% do$n %e-uest f%om one cell and po$e%
up %e-uest f%om the othe% ( cellsG should the KE po$e% up o% do$n and $h'#
Ans$e% * KE $ill po$e% do$n ecause if a cell is ale to sustain a good connection $ith one cell
on lo$e% po$e% le&el it $ill disca%d po$e% up messages f%om othe% cells. 2t also helps in
maintaining lo$ inte%fe%ence le&el fo% othe% su%%ounding KEXs.
A5. Suppose t$o KE a%e se%&ed ' the same cellG the KE $ith $eaHe% linH 3poo% R@ condition4
uses mo%e Ncapacit'OG $h' does this mean#
Ans$e% *,he KE $ith $eaHe% R@ linH $ill %e-ui%e "ode) to t%ansmit highe% t%a6c po$e% in o%de%
to %each the KEG %esulting in less po$e% fo% othe% KE M the%efo%e consumes mo%e Ncapacit'
A1. Knde% $hat ci%cumstances can a "ode) %each its capacit'# What a%e the capacit'
limitations#
Ans$e% *"ode) %eaches its ma8imum t%ansmit po$e%G %uns out of its channel elementsG uplinH
noise %ise %eaches its design ta%getG etc.
A(. What is Ncell %eathingO and $h'#
Ans$e% * ,he cell co&e%age sh%inHs as the loading inc%easesG this is called cell %eathing.
2n the uplinHG as mo%e and mo%e KE a%e se%&ed ' a cellG each KE needs to t%ansmit highe%
po$e% to compensate fo% the uplinH noise %ise. As a conse-uenceG the KE $ith $eaHe% linH 3KE
at g%eate% distance4 ma' not ha&e enough po$e% to %each the "ode) M the%efo%e a co&e%age
sh%inHage.
2n the do$nlinHG the "ode) also needs to t%ansmit highe% po$e% as mo%e KE a%e eing se%&ed.
As a conse-uence KE $ith $eaHe% linH 3g%eate% distance4 ma' not e %eachale ' the "ode).
A:. 2f 'ou ha&e : cells in 'ou% Acti&e Set and a d%op call occu%sG $hich Cell a D%op call $ould e
pegged#
Ans$e% * Se%&ing Cell in Acti&e Set
A0. 2s KM,S an uplinH*limited o% do$nlinH*limited s'stem#
Ans$e% M 2nitiall'G A t'pical WCDMA net$o%H is KplinH 9imited. 9ate% a 9oaded "et$o%H
ecomes Do$nlinH 9imites.
AA. What is OC"S#
Ans$e% * O%thogonal Ca%%ie% "oise Simulato%
AD. )%ieV' desc%ie Capacit' Management and its functions#
Ans$e% * Capacit' Management is %esponsile fo% the cont%ol of the load in the cell. 2t consists
of : main functions?
1. Dedicated Monito%ed Resou%ce >andling? t%acHs utilization of c%itical %esou%ces of the s'stem.
(. Admission Cont%ol? accepts!%efuses admission %e-uests ased on the cu%%ent load on the
dedicated monito%ed %esou%ces and the cha%acte%istics of the %e-uest
:. Congestion Cont%ol? detects!%esol&es o&e%load situations
AF. What Resou%ces a%e monito%ed fo% Capacit' Management#
Ans$e% M
D9 ;o$e%
Recei&ed ,otal Wideand po$e%
OJS@ Codes
R)S Channel Elements
A1. What Radio Measu%ements a%e used fo% Congestion Monito%ing#
Ans$e% M
Do$nlinH Recei&ed ;o$e%
KplinH Recei&ed ,otal Wideand ;o$e%
AI. A%e S'stem 2nfo%mation )locHs 3S2)4 t%ansmitted all the time#
Ans$e% * Zes
D5. >o$ does KE camp 3s'nch%onize4 to a "ode)#
Ans$e% M
1. KE uses the p%ima%' s'nch%onization channel 3;*SC>4 fo% slot alignment 3,S s'nch%onization4.
(. Afte% aligning to "ode) time slotG KE then uses seconda%' s'nch%onization channel 3S*SC>4
to otain f%ame s'nch%onization and sc%amling code g%oup identifcation.
:. KE then uses sc%amling code 2D to otain C;2C>G thus camping to a "ode).
D1. What could e the cause of soft hando&e% failu%e#
Ans$e% M
[ Kndefned neigho%s
[ One $a' "eigho% defnition
[ KE issue.
[ Resou%ce una&ailale at ta%get "ode).
[ 2nade-uate S>O th%eshold defned.
D(. What a%e the th%ee sets in hando&e%#
Ans$e% M
Acti&e Set
Monito%ed Set
Detected Set
D:. What a%e the maWo% di.e%ences et$een <SM and KM,S hando&e% decision#
Ans$e% M
<SM?
[ ,ime*ased moile measu%es of R89e& and R8Qual M moile sends measu%ement %epo%t e&e%'
SAC> pe%iod 3015ms4.
[ )SC inst%ucts moile to hando&e% ased on these %epo%ts.
KM,S?
[ E&ent*t%igge%ed %epo%ting M KE sends a measu%ement %epo%t onl' on ce%tain e&ent Nt%igge%sO.
[ KE pla's mo%e pa%t in the hando&e% decision.
D0. What a%e the e&ents 1aG 1G 1cG etc.#
Ans$e% M
e1a M a ;%ima%' C;2C> ente%s the %epo%ting %angeG i.e. add a cell to acti&e set.
e1 M a p%ima%' C;2C> lea&es the %epo%ting %angeG i.e. %emo&ed a cell f%om acti&e set.
e1c M a non*acti&e p%ima%' C;2C> ecomes ette% than an acti&e p%ima%' C;2C>G i.e. %eplace a
cell.
e1d? change of est cell.
e1e? a ;%ima%' C;2C> ecomes ette% than an asolute th%eshold.
e1f? a ;%ima%' C;2C> ecomes $o%se than an asolute th%eshold.
DA. What a%e e&ent (a*(d and :a*:d#
Ans$e% M
E&ents (a*(d a%e fo% inte%*f%e-uenc' hando&e% measu%ements and e&ents :a*:d a%e fo% 2RA,
hando&e% measu%ements.
e:a? the KM,S cell -ualit' has mo&ed elo$ a th%eshold and a <SM cell -ualit' had mo&ed
ao&e a th%eshold.
e:? the <SM cell -ualit' has mo&ed elo$ a th%eshold.
e:c? the <SM cell -ualit' has mo&ed ao&e a th%eshold.
e:d? the%e $as a change in the o%de% of est <SM cell list.
DD. What ma' happen $hen the%eXs a missing neigho% o% an inco%%ect neigho%#
Ans$e% M
[ Access failu%e and hando&e% failu%e? ma' attempt to access to a $%ong sc%amling code.
[ D%opped call? KE not a$a%e of a st%ong sc%amling codeG st%ong inte%fe%ence.
[ ;oo% data th%oughput.
[ ;oo% &oice -ualit'.
[ Etc.
DF. >o$ is inte%*f%e-uenc' >ando&e% t%igge%ed#
Ans$e% M
,he net$o%H decides that inte% f%e-uenc' measu%ements need to e pe%fo%med and sends the
MEASKREME", CO",RO9 MESSA<E $ith Measu%ement t'pe set to 2nte%*@%e-uenc'
measu%ements. <ene%all' it $ill set an E&ent as $ell along $ith the measu%ements. ,he
follo$ing a%e list of E&ents that can t%igge% Measu%ement Repo%t.
[ E&ent (a? Change of )est @%e-uenc'
[ E&ent (? ,he estimated -ualit' of the cu%%entl' used f%e-uenc' is elo$ a ce%tain th%eshold
and the estimated -ualit' of a non*used f%e-uenc' is ao&e a ce%tain th%eshold
[ E&ent (c? ,he estimated -ualit' of a non*used f%e-uenc' is ao&e a ce%tain th%eshold
[ E&ent (d? ,he estimated -ualit' of the cu%%entl' used f%e-uenc' is elo$ a ce%tain th%eshold
[ E&ent (e? ,he estimated -ualit' of a non*used f%e-uenc' is elo$ a ce%tain th%eshold
[ E&ent (f? ,he estimated -ualit' of the cu%%entl' used f%e-uenc' is ao&e a ce%tain th%eshold
,he 2nte%*@%e-uenc' >ando&e% E&aluation ases its decision on ;*C;2C> -ualit' measu%es on
the cu%%entl' used f%e-uenc' and on one o% mo%e non*used f%e-uencies. 2f the e&aluation %esult
is positi&eG one cell on a non*used f%e-uenc' is p%oposed to 2nte%*@%e-uenc' hando&e%
E8ecution.
2nte%*@%e-uenc' >ando&e% is a ha%d hando&e% $he%e the KE is o%de%ed ' the net$o%H to tune to
anothe% f%e-uenc'. ,his means that the%e $ill e small inte%%uptions in the data Vo$ to and
f%om the KE.
D1. What Hind of >ando&e% taHes place in 9oad Sha%ing#
Ans$e% M
2tXs a lind hando&e% to the co*located cell. 2@>O i.e.
DI. What do 'ou unde%stand ' 2@>O#
Ans$e% M
2@>O M 2nte% @%e-uenc' >ando&e%
F5. What do 'ou unde%stand ' Di%ected Ret%'#
Ans$e% M
When the%e is a co*e8isting <SM RA"G e8cess t%a6c in a WCDMA cell ma' e o.*loaded to <SM
2f a call is chosen fo% Di%ected Ret%' to <SMG the %e-uest fo% the speech RA) $ill e %eWected
$ith cause \Di%ected %et%'\ and then a %e-uest is made to the co%e net$o%H to %elocate the KE
to a specifc <SM cellG using the 2nte%*RA, hando&e% p%ocedu%e. ,his hando&e% is a lind one
since the ta%get cell is chosen not ased on KE measu%ements. ,he%efo%eG the ta%get cell must
e co*located $ith the WCDMA cell. Co*located <SM cells a%e assumed to ha&e simila%
co&e%age and accessiilit' as thei% %especti&e WCDMA cells.
F1. What can $e t%' to imp%o&e $hen access failu%e is high#
Ans$e% M
[ When access failu%e is high $e can t%' the follo$ing to imp%o&e RAC> pe%fo%mance?
[ 2nc%ease ma8imum KE t%ansmit po$e% allo$ed? Ma8+allo$ed+K9+,U+;o$e%.
[ 2nc%ease po$e% -uicHl'? po$e%+O.set+;5.
[ 2nc%ease nume% of p%eamles sent in a gi&en p%eamle c'cle? p%eamle+Ret%ans+Ma8.
[ 2nc%ease the nume% of p%eamle c'cles? ma8+;%eamle+C'cle.
[ 2nc%ease nume% of RRC Connection Re-uest %et%ies? ":55.
F(. What is E!"o %e-ui%ement fo% >SD;A#
Ans$e% M
,he E!"o %e-ui%ement fo% >SD;A &a%ies $ith use% it %ate 3data %ate4G t'picall' ( fo% FD1Hps
and A fo% (Mps.
F:. What >S Channels a%e int%oduced in >SD;A in 91#
Ans$e% M
>S*;DSC> M >igh Speed ;h'sical Do$nlinH Sha%ed Channel
>S*SCC> M >igh Speed Sha%ed Cont%ol Channel
F0. >o$ ;o$e% Cont%ol is implemented in >SD;A#
Ans$e% *2nitial ;o$e% is set in the same $a' as open 9oop ;o$e% cont%ol of DC> Y the%e is no
fu%the% po$e% cont%ol on >SD;A Sha%ed Channel >S*DSC>. ,he Channel Rate is cont%olled '
adapti&e modulation Y coding fo%mats.
,he p%inciples and functionalit' of the po$e% cont%ol fo% the >SD;A associated dedicated
channels a%e the same as fo% the D;C> po$e% cont%ol.
>S*D;CC> po$e% is an o.set %elati&e to D;CC> depending upon $hethe% the KE is in soft
hando. o% not.
,he ;o$e% fo% >S*SCC> is f8ed.
FA. What @2UED S@ is used fo% >SD;A#
Ans$e% M
S@ 1DG ma8imum of A codes.
FD. What do 'ou unde%stand ' CQ2 Measu%ements#
Ans$e% M Channel Qualit' Estimation 3CQ24 fo% >SD;A sessions onl'.
2n o%de% to aid scheduling and ,@RC selection in the R)SG the KE sends a channel -ualit'
indicato% 3CQ24 %epo%t on the uplinH.
,he CQ2 %epo%t estimates the nume% of its that can e t%ansmitted to the KE using a ce%tain
assumed >S*;DSC> po$e% $ith a locH e%%o% %ate of 15L
FF. What t'pe of Channel Coding is used fo% Joice and Data se%&ices#
Ans$e% M
Joice M Con&olution Coding
Data M ,u%o coding