GIS Analysis

Julius M. Bagate
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

!uestions GIS can Anser

&ocation ' (here is it)

$ondition ' (hat is it)

#atterns ' *o is it distri+uted)

,rends ' (hat has changed since)

Modeling .. (hat If
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

Spatial Analysis

Spatial analysis or spatial statistics includes any of the

formal techniques which study entities using their topological,
geometric, or geographic properties.

The crux of GIS

Includes all the transformations, manipulations, and methods

that can be applied to geographic data
to add value
support decisions,
and reveal patterns and anomalies

Process by which raw data is turned into useful information.

Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

GIS Analysis

GIS analysis functions use the spatial and non-

spatial attri+ute data to anser .uestions a+out
the real-orld.

Spatial Analysis functions distinguish GIS from

other information systems.
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

/ector Data Model
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

Analysis ith GIS

Measurements

&ayer statistics

!ueries

Buffering 01ector23 #ro4imity 0raster2

5iltering 0raster2

Map o1erlay 0layer on layer selections2

,ransformations

6eclassifications
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

Analysis ith GIS

7etor8 Analysis

Spatial Interpolation

Grid 0raster analysis2

Analytic modeling.
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

9. Measurements

Distance

#erimeter

Area
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

9. Measurements
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

9. Measurements
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

2. &ayer Statistics

Attri+ute Statistics

6atios of some attri+ute

Density

#roportions

A1erage

Geostatistics

*istorgram

,rend Analysis

Semi1ariograms
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

:. !ueries

Select .ueries on the layer;s attri+ute ta+le

7eigh+orhood analysis

Ad<acent

7ear+y

Sampling

Selecting features +ased on a criteria and sa1ing a

ne layer from the selection
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

Attri+ute !ueries
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

Attri+ute $alculations
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

Spatial !ueries
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

Spatial !ueries
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

=a. Buffering a /ector
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity
http>??e+help.esri.com?
arcgisser1er?@.:?<a1a?ge
odata+ases?spatialAope
rations.htm

Site Selection
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

Geoprocessing

Geoprocessing is a GIS operation used to manipulate

spatial data.

A typical geoprocessing operation takes an input

dataset, performs an operation on that dataset, and
returns the result of the operation as an output
dataset.

Geoprocessing allows for defi nition, management, and

analysis of information used to form decisions.[1]
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

Geoprocessing

Common geoprocessing operations include

geographic feature overlay,

feature selection and analysis,
topology processing,
raster processing, and
data conversion.
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

Geoprocessing ,ools
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

Geoprocessing ,ools - Buffers
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity
http>??e+help.esri.com?
arcgisser1er?@.:?<a1a?ge
odata+ases?spatialAope
rations.htm

Geoprocessing ,ools - Buffers
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

Geometry ,ools
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

/ector ,ools
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

Site Selection
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

Suitability analysis in a GIS context is a geographic, or GIS-

based process used to determine the appropriateness of a
given area for a particular use.

Each aspect of the landscape has intrinsic characteristics that

are in some degree either suitable or unsuitable for the
activities being planned.

Suitability is determined through systematic, multi-factor

analysis of the different aspect of the terrain.[1]

Model inputs include a variety of physical, cultural, and

economic factors.

The results are often displayed on a map that is used to

highlight areas from high to low suitability.[2]

Site Selection
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

A GIS suitability model typically answers the question,

"Where is the best location?"

whether it involves fi nding the best location for a

new road or pipeline, a new housing development,
or a retail store.

E.g., a commercial developer building a new retail

store may take into consideration
distance to major highways and
any competitors' stores, then
combine the results with land use, population
density, and consumer spending data
to decide on the best location for that store. [3]

Site Selection
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

Site Selection
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity
http>??ilri.org?infoser1?
(e+pu+?fulldocs?$a
nthoManual?module=
.htm

Site Selection
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity

Site Selection
Day 2, Introduction to Geographic Information Systems ith !GIS, "# $ollege of Architecture, Diliman !ue%on $ity