1.

Introduction
- 1 -
1.1 Convert the following quantities from English to SI units.
(a) 98 Btu/hr-ft-F
(b) 0.24 Btu/lb
m
-F
(c) 0.04 lb
m
/ft-hr
(d) 1050 Btu/lb
m

(e) 1.0 ton (cooling)
(f) 14.7 lb
f
/in
2
.

Solution:

(a) ( )

F ft hr Btu
C m W
F ft hr Btu
/ 1
/ 7307 . 1
/ 98 = 169.61 W/m-C
(b) ( )

F lb Btu
C kg J
F lb Btu
m
m
/ 1
/ 8 . 4186
/ 24 . 0 = 1004.8 J/kg-C
(c) ( )

ft s lb
m s N
s
hr
hr ft lb
m
m
/ 1
/ 49 . 1
3600
1
/ 04 . 0
2
= 1.656 x 10
-5
N-s/m
2
.
(d) ( )

kg
lb
Btu
J
lb Btu
m
m
1
20462 . 2
10 84 . 9
1
/ 1050
4
= 2,441,826 J/kg = 2442 kJ/kg

(e) 1.0 ton (cooling) = 12,000 Btu/hr
= ( )

hr Btu
W
hr Btu
/ 412 . 3
1
/ 12000 = 3517 W
(f) ( )

2
2
/ 0 . 1
76 . 6894
/ 7 . 14
in lb
Pa
in lb
f
f
= 101,353 Pa = 101.353 kPa

1.2 Convert the following quantities from SI to English units.
(a) 120 kPa
(b) 100 W/m-C
(c) 0.8 W/m
2
-C
(d) 10
-6
N-s/m
2

(e) 1200 kW
(f) 1000 kJ/kg

Solution:

(a) ( )

Pa
in lb
kPa
Pa
kPa
f
76 . 6894
/ 1
1
1000
120
2
= 17.4 lb
f
/in
2
.
(b) ( )

C m W
F ft hr
in Btu
C m W
/ 1
933 . 6
/ 100
2
= 693.3
F ft hr
in Btu

2

(c) ( )

C m W
F ft hr Btu
C m W
2
2
2
/ 1
/ 1761 . 0
/ 8 . 0 = 0.1409 Btu/hr-ft
2
-F
(d) ( )

2
2 6
/ 49 . 1
sec / 1
/ 10
m s N
ft lb
m s N
m
= 6.7114 x 10
-7
lb
m
/sec-ft
1. Introduction
- 2 -
(e) ( )

W
hr Btu
kW
W
kW
1
/ 412 . 3
1
1000
1200 = 4,094,400 Btu/hr
(f) ( )

m
lb
kg
J
Btu
kJ
J
kg kJ
20462 . 2
1
1
10 48 . 9
1
1000
/ 1200
4
= 430 Btu/lb
m
.

1.3 A pump develops a total head of 50 ft of water under a given operating condition. What
pressure is the pump developing in SI units and terminology?

Solution:
1 in w.g. = 249.08 Pa

Then,

Pressure = ( )

Pa
kPa
g w in
Pa
ft
in
ft
1000
1
. . . 1
08 . 249
1
12
50 = 149.45 kPa

1.4 A fan is observed to operate with a pressure difference of 4 in. of water. What is the pressure
difference in SI units and terminology?

Solution:
1 in w.g. = 249.08 Pa

Then,

Pressure = ( )

. . . 1
08 . 249
. . . 4
g w in
Pa
g w in = 996.32 Pa

1.5 Compute the heat transferred from water as it flows through a heat exchanger at a steady rate
of 1 m
3
/s. The decrease in temperature of the water is 5 C, and the mean bulk temperature is
60 C. Use SI units.

Solution:
at 60 C , Table A-1b = 983.2 kg/m
3
.
c
p
at 60 C , Table A-1b = 983.2 kg/m
3
.
Q
&
= 1 m
3
/s

Q m
&
& = = (983.2 kg/m
3
)(1 m
3
/s) = 983.2 kg/s
T c m q
p
= & & = (983.2 kg/s)(4.183 kJ/kg-C)(5 C) = 20,564 kW

1.6 Make the following volume and mass flow rate calculations in SI units. (a) Water flowing at
an average velocity of 2 m/s in nominal 2 in., type L copper tubing. (b) Standard air
flowing at an average velocity of 4 m/s in a 0.3 m inside diameter duct.
1. Introduction
- 3 -

Solution:
(a) Table C-2, 2 in, type L copper tube.
ID = (62.61 mm)(1 m / 1000 mm) = 0.06261 m
D = 0.06261 m
V = 2 m/s
= 1000 kg/m
3
.
Volume flow rate:
V D V A Q
2
4

= =
&

( ) ( ) 4 3 . 0
4
2

= Q
&
= 0.282743 m
3
/s.
Mass flow rate:
Q m
&
& = = (1.115 kg/m
3
)(0.282743 m
3
/s)
m& = 0.3153 kg/s

1.7 A room with dimensions of 3 x 10 x 20 m is estimated to have outdoor air brought in at an
infiltration rate of volume change per hour. Determine the infiltration rate in m
3
/s.

Solution:

Infiltration rate, Q
&
= (3 m)(10 m)(20 m)(1/4 / hr)(1 hr / 3600 s) = 0.042 m
3
/s

1.8 Air enters a heat exchanger at a rate of 5000 cubic feet per minute at a temperature of 50 F
and pressure of 14.7 psia. The air is heated by hot water flowing in the same exchanger at a
rate of 11,200 pounds per hour with a decrease in temperature of 10 F. At what temperature
does the air leave the heat exchanger?

Solution:

( ) ( )
2 1 1 2 w w pw w a a pa a
t t c m t t c m q = = & & &
2 1 w w
t t = 10 F
pw
c = 1.0 Btu/lb
m
-F
w
m& = 11,200 lb
m
/hr

Air Properties
( )( )
( ) R
R lb
lb ft
ft in in lb
T R
P
m
f
f
a
a
67 . 459 50 352 . 53
/ 144 / 7 . 14
2 2 2
+

= =
a
= 0.07785 lb
m
/ft
3
.
pa
c = 0.24 Btu/lb
m
-F
a a a
Q m
&
& = = (0.07785 lb
m
/ft
3
)(5000 ft
3
/min)(60 min/hr) = 23,355 lb
m
/hr
1. Introduction
- 4 -

Then
(23,355)(0.24)(t
a2
50) = (11,200)(1.0)(10)
t
a2
= 70 F

1.9 Water flowing at a rate of 1.5 kg/s through a heat exchanger heats air from 20 C to 30 C
flowing at a rate 2.4 m
3
/s. The water enters at a temperature of 90 C, and the air is at 0.1
Mpa. At what temperature does the water leave the exchanger?

Solution:
( ) ( )
1 2 2 1 a a pa a w w pw w
t t c m t t c m q = = & & &
pw
c = 4.187 kJ/kg-C
w
m& = 1.5 kg/s
t
a1
= 20 C
t
a2
= 30 C
a
Q
&
= 2.4 m
3
/s
t
w1
= 90 C
T R
P
a
a
=
P = 0.1 MPa = 100,000 Pa = 100,000 N/m
2
.
R
a
= 287 J/kg.K = 287 N-m/kg-K
a a a
Q m
&
& = = (1.189 kg/m
3
)(2.4 m
3
/s) = 2.8536 kg/s
q& = (1.5 kg/s)(4.187 kJ/kg-C)(90 C t
w2
) = (2.8536 kg/s)(1.0 kJ/kg-C)(30 C 20 C)
t
w2
= 85.5 C

1.10 Air at a mean temperature of 50 F flows over a thin-wall 1 in. O.D. tube, 10 feet in length,
which has condensing water vapor flowing inside at a pressure of 14.7 psia. Compute the
heat transfer rate if the average heat transfer coefficient between the air and tube surface
is 10 Btu/hr-ft
2
-F.

Solution:

( )
a w
t t hA q = &
h = 10 Btu/hr-ft
2
-F
a
t = 50 F
w
t = temperature of condensing water at 14.7 psia = 212 F
A = DL = (1/12 ft)(10 ft) = 2.618 ft
2
.
( )( )( ) 50 212 618 . 2 10 = q& = 4,241 Btu/hr

1.11 Repeat Problem 1-10 for air at 10 C, a tube with diameter 25 mm, a steam pressure of
101 kPa, and a tube length of 4 m, and find the heat transfer coefficient in SI units if the
heat transfer rate is 1250 W.

1. Introduction
- 5 -
Solution:

( )
a s
t t hA q = &
q& = 1250 W
a
t = 10 C
s
t = steam temperature at 101 kPa = 100 C
A = DL = (0.025 m)(4 m) = 0.3142 m
2
.
( )( ) 10 100 3142 . 0 1250 = = h q&
h = 44.2 W/m
2
-C

1.12 Air at 1 atm and 76 F is flowing at the rate of 5000 cfm. At what rate must energy be
removed, in Btu/hr, to change the temperature to 58 F, assuming that no dehumidification
occurs?

Solution:
( )
2 1 a a pa a
t t c m q = & &
Solving for
a
m& :
1 atm = 2116 lb
f
/ft
2
.
( ) R
R lb
lb ft
ft lb
T R
P
m
f
f
a
a
67 . 459 76 352 . 53
/ 2116
2
+

= = = 0.074 lb
m
/ft
3
.
a
Q
&
= 5000 ft
3
/min
a a a
Q m
&
& = = (0.074 lb
m
/ft
3
)(5000 ft
3
/min)(60 min/hr) = 22,200 lb
m
/hr
pa
c = 0.24 Btu/lb
m
-F
( )( )( ) 58 76 24 . 0 200 , 22 = q& = 95,904 Btu/hr

1.13 Air flowing at the rate of 1000 cfm and with a temperature of 80 F is mixed with 600 cfm
of air at 50 F. Use Eq. 1-1, to estimate the final temperature of the mixed air. Assume c
p

= 0.24 Btu/lbm-F for both streams.

Solution:
Eq. 1-1, ( ) ( )
i e
p
i e p s
t t
c Q
t t c m q = =

&
& &
Solving for mass flow rate of air at 80 F
( ) R
R lb
lb ft
ft lb
T R
P
m
f
f
a
a
67 . 459 80 352 . 53
/ 2116
2
1
+

= = = 0.0735 lb
m
/ft
3
.
1 1 1
Q m
a
&
& = = (0.0735 lb
m
/ft
3
)(1000 ft
3
/min) = 73.5 lb
m
/min

Solving for mass flow rate of air at 50 F
1. Introduction
- 6 -
( ) R
R lb
lb ft
ft lb
T R
P
m
f
f
a
a
67 . 459 50 352 . 53
/ 2116
2
1
+

= = = 0.0778 lb
m
/ft
3
.
2 2 2
Q m
a
&
& = = (0.0778 lb
m
/ft
3
)(600 ft
3
/min) = 46.68 lb
m
/min
( ) ( )
2 2 1 1
t t c m t t c m
m p m p
= & &
( )( ) ( )( ) 50 68 . 46 100 5 . 73 =
m m
t t
m
t = 80.55 F