MD ZEESHAN

MTECH 3RD SEMESTER

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY
V.T.U.R.C. GLB.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS ON CEMENT
CONCRETE BY PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF SAND
STEEL SLAG AND COARSE AGGREGATE BY
LIMESTONE AGGREGATE
ABSTRACT
1. The Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is one of the main ingredients used for the
production of concrete.
2. In cement concrete the fine aggregate-sand can be replaced by Steel Slag which is a
non-metallic and non-hazardous waste of the Iron and steel plants. In addition to
slag we are also replacing some small amount of coarse aggregate by limestone
aggregate.
3. It is suitable for concrete mix and improves properties of concrete like compressive
strength, workability etc.
4. It has been seen various researchers that when sand is replaced with steel slag
compressive strength increases. However, this increase in compressive strength
continues up to a certain percentage of replacement, but higher ratios gives lower
compressive strength.
ABSTRACT CONTINUED
1. The main objective of this project work is to determine the optimum replacement
percentage which can be suitably used under the Indian conditions. To fulfill the
objective various properties of concrete using steel slag and limestone aggregate are
to be evaluated. Different fine aggregate replacements have been studied by
substituting 5%, 10%, and 15% of slag. The waste material was substituted for
replacement of fine aggregates and for the preparation of concrete cubes.
2. In this project, we have to follow the Indian standard methods and arrive at the
required mix design for required grade of concrete.
3. Experimental studies are to be conducted only on plain cement concrete. The
preliminary studies are to be conducted by mixing the slag and limestone aggregate
with the cement concrete cubes of standard sizes. The building material specimens
should be analyzed for compressive strength as per IS code.

INTRODUCTION
Concrete is the third largest material consumed by human beings after food and
water as per WHO. The Concrete Industry is very large consumer of natural
resources like sand, gravel, crushed rock, etc as building material. Environmental
restrictions of sand extraction from river beds have resulted in search for alternative
sources of fine aggregate, particularly near the larger metropolitan areas.
Due to industrialization enormous by-products are produced and to utilize these by-
products is the main challenge faced in India. Steel slag is one of the industrial by-
product from the iron and steel making industries.
Concrete plays a vital role in the design and construction of the nations
infrastructure. Almost three quarters of the volume of concrete is composed of
aggregates.
Cement concrete intervene directly on the physical and mechanical properties of
concrete. These are obtained from natural rocks and river beds, thus degrading them
slowly.
INTRODUCTION CONTINUED
Aggregates are the important constituents in concrete. They give body to the
concrete, reduce shrinkage and effect economy.
The primary constituents of slag are lime (CaO) and silica (SiO2). Portland cement
also contains these constituents. The primary constituent of slag is soluble in water
and exhibits an alkalinity like that of cement or concrete. And as it is removed at
high temperatures of 1,200C and greater, it contains no organic matter.
If slag is properly processed then it develops hydraulic property and it can
effectively be used as a pozzolanic material. Steel slag essentially consists of
silicates and alumina silicates of calcium and other bases that are developed in a
molten condition simultaneously with iron in a blast furnace. The chemical
composition of oxides in steel slag is similar to that of Portland cement but the
proportion varies.

INTRODUCTION CONTINUED
Iron and steel slag refers to the type of metal manufacturing slag that is generated
during the process of manufacturing iron and steel products. The term "slag"
originally referred to slag produced by metal manufacturing processes, however it
is now also used to describe slag that originates from molten waste material when
trash and other substances are disposed of at an incinerator facility.
Limestone aggregates: Limestones are common and widespread rocks limestone is
also important as a source of lime to make cement Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is
the principal compound in limestones, which are, by definition, rocks composed
mainly of calcium carbonate.


SLAG CLASSIFICATION
IRON AND STEEL SLAG CLASSIFICATION
FORMS OF SLAG
OBJECTIVES
The objective in this project work is, steel slag powder obtained from iron and steel
plant is used as a sand partial replacement material and limestone aggregate as
partial replacement for the coarse aggregate in concrete mix.
Optimal dosage range of this steel slag powder and limestone aggregate is chosen
based on concrete mix studies .
The ultimate focus of this work is to ascertain the performance of concrete mix
containing steel slag powder and limestone aggregate compare it with the plain
concrete mix of standard ratio.

OBJECTIVES CONTINUED
The main objective of this project is to carry out the following experimental tests on
cement concrete:
1. Workability test
2. Compressive strength test
3. Flexural strength test
4. Split tensile strength test

SCOPE

To partially replace cement concrete contents as it directly influences economy in
construction.
Environmental friendly disposal of waste steel slag.
To boost the use of industrial waste
Non-hazardous and non-metallic waste of the Iron industry.
Eco-friendly and useful for construction work.
Helps to improve the properties of concrete like compressive strength, workability
etc.
Low cost and easily available.

SCOPE CONTINUED
Characterization of slag available from various steel manufacturing plants could be
done for the comparison of performances of concretes obtained with these slag.

Study of environmental problems created by such wastes remaining without
recycling and proper utilization.

Development of mathematical model based on various parameters to ascertain its
strength characteristics in respect of concrete.

METHODOLOGY
Test Procedure and Results: Test specimens of size 150 150 150 mm are to
be prepared for testing the compressive strength concrete. The concrete mixes with
varying percentages of steel slag as partial replacement of fine aggregate (sand) and
limestone aggregate as partial replacement of coarse aggregate should be cast into
cubes for testing. In this study, to make concrete, cement and fine aggregate were
first mixed dry to uniform colour and then coarse aggregate was added and mixed
with the mixture of cement and fine aggregates. Water was then added and the
whole mass mixed. The interior surface of the moulds and the base plate were oiled
before concrete was placed. After 24 hours the specimens were removed from the
moulds and placed in clean fresh water at a temperature of 270 20C. The
specimens so cast were tested after 7,14 and 28 days of curing measured from the
time water is added to the dry mix.
METHODOLOGY CONTINUED
For testing in compression. The load is applied axially without shock till the
specimen is crushed. Results of the compressive strength test on concrete with
varying proportions of steel slag replacement at the age of 7, 14 and 28 days are
tabulated. The cube strength results of concrete mix are determined.
The experimental program was designed to study the mechanical properties of
concrete with partial replacement of fine aggregate by steel slag for required grade
of concrete. The compressive, tensile and flexural strength of the specimens after
replacing the fine aggregates by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% with steel slag is
studied after 28 days of curing. For the test specimens, 43 grade ordinary Portland
cement, natural river sand and coarse aggregate, steel slag from steel plants is being
utilized and limestone aggregate from the limestone quarries is also used as partial
replacement for coarse aggregate.
METHODOLOGY CONTINUED
The maximum size of the coarse aggregate was limited to 20mm. A sieve analysis
conforming to IS 383 1970 was carried out for fine aggregate and for various
proportions of sand replacement by slag. The concrete cubes (150mm X 150mm X
150mm), concrete beams (100mm X100mm X 500mm) and concrete cylinders
(150mm X 300mm) for conventional as well as other mixes are casted.

And the workability test, compressive strength test, flexural strength test, split
tensile strength test are to be carried out for concrete cubes with varying
percentages of steel slag and limestone aggregate replacements in concrete.
REFERRENCES

Application of Blast Furnace Slag Sand in Cement ConcreteA Case
Study M.S. Rao1 and U. Bhandare2 1RMC Readymix, India. 2A Division of
Prism Cement Ltd) #386, BCP Tower,9th Main, 7th Sector, H.S.R Layout,
Bangalore, India.

2. Effect of blast furnace slag powder on compressive strength of
concrete Atul Dubey, Dr. R. Chandak, Prof. R.K.Yadav

3. EVALUATION OF CONCRETE PROPERTIES USING GROUND
GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG Mrs. Veena G. Pathan1, Mr. Vishal
S. Ghutke2, Mr. Gulfam Pathan3 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil
Engineering, Priyadarshini College of Engg, India1 Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, Priyadarshini College of Engg, India2
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, J.L.Chaturvedi College of
Engg, India3

REFERRENCES
4. FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF RC BEAMS WITH PARTIAL REPLACEMENTS
OF SLAG SAND WITH RIVER SAND AND FLY ASH WITH CEMENT
Hemanth v1, Dr. H.B.Balakrishna2 PG student, Bangalore Institute of
Technology,Bangalore-04 Professor, Bangalore Institute of Technology, Bangalore-04

5. Replacement Of Natural Fine Aggregate With Granular Slag - A Waste
Industrial By-Product In Cement Mortar Applications As An Alternative
Construction Materials Mohammed Nadeem1, Dr. A. D. Pofale2

6. STUDY ON CONCRETE USING STEEL SLAG AS COARSE AGGREGATE
REPLACEMENT AND ECOSAND AS FINE AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT

11. USE OF GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG AS FINE AGGREGATE
IN CEMENT MORTAR
M C Nataraja1*, P G Dileep Kumar2, A S Manu1 and M C Sanjay1