PHYSICAL SCIENCE

FINAL EXAM REVIEW

FIRST NINE WEEKS

1. WHAT ARE THE 4 PHASES OF MATTER? EXPLAIN HOW THE
PARTICLES (ATOMS) ARE ARRANGED IN EACH PHASE. Solid-
Grouped together; Liquid- takes the form of the container; Gas-
moving quickly in different directions; Plasma- moves through
walls and other obstacles
2. WHAT DOES HEAT ENERGY DO TO THE PARTICLES (ATOMS)
OF A PHASE? It excites them
3. WHAT ARE THE 5 PHASE CHANGES OF MATTER? DESCRIBE
WHAT THE PARTICLES (ATOMS) ARE DOING IN EACH PHASE
(EX: MELTING SUBSTANCE IS ABSORBING ENERGY SO THE
PARTICLES (ATOMS) ARE SPREADING OUT OR EXPANDING).
Freezing: substance is losing energy so the atoms are grouping
together; Boiling: substance is gaining energy so particles are
spreading out; Vaporization: substance is gaining energy so
particles are spreading out; Condensation: substance loses
energy so particles group together; Sublimation: Substance
gains massive amounts of energy, instantly turns into gas,
particles spread out
4. WHAT ARE THE 2 GAS LAWS THAT WE DISCUSSED IN CLASS?
EXPLAIN HOW VOLUME, PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE ARE
INVOLVED. GIVE A REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE OF EACH. Boyles
Law: the volume of a fixed amount of gas varies inversely with
the pressure; taking a Coke bottle to the bottom of a lake
crushes the bottle, reducing the amount of gas; Charles Law:
The volume varies directly with the temperature, leaving a
slightly deflated raft in sunlight, the raft will inflate
5. HOW ARE A SUBSTANCES FREEZING POINT AND MELTING
POINT RELATED? They are usually opposite of one another.
6. WHAT ARE THE 3 SUBATOMIC PARTICLES OF AN ATOM?
Protons, electrons, neutrons
7. WHICH SUBATOMIC PARTICLE HAS A NEGATIVE CHARGE?
NEUTRAL? POSITIVE? Electrons, Neutrons, Protons
8. WHERE ARE THE SUBATOMIC PARTICLES LOCATED WITHIN
THE ATOM? In the nucleus and the electron cloud
9. WHAT IS THE MASS NUMBER OF AN ATOM? (DEFINITION!)
The # of particles in the nucleus
10. WHAT IS THE ATOMIC NUMBER OF AN ATOM?
(DEFINITION!) The number of protons in the nucleus
11. HOW MANY NEUTRONS DOES Argon (Ar) HAVE? 22
12. HOW MANY PROTONS DOES Sulfur (S) HAVE? 16
13. HOW MANY ELECTRONS DOES Potassium (K) HAVE? 19
14. WHY ARE ATOMS NEUTRAL? WHAT DOES THAT
MEAN? They have the same # of protons & neutrons; they
have neither a positive or negative charge
15. WHAT IS AN ISOTOPE? Different forms of an atom
16. DRAW A BOHR MODEL FOR Phosphorus (P).
17. HOW DO YOU USE WATER DISPLACEMENT TO FIND
THE VOLUME OF SOMETHING? EXPLAIN ALL OF THE STEPS!
Measure the water level, drop tested object into water, record
new water level, find difference
18. HOW WOULD YOUR WEIGHT BE AFFECTED IF YOU
WENT TO DIFFERENT PLANETS? HOW ABOUT YOUR MASS?
My weight would rise or drop depending on the gravitational
pull of the planet; mass is constant, so it wouldnt change.
19. HOW DOES DISTANCE AFFECT GRAVITATIONAL PULL?
The gravitational pull decreases the further away you get from
the source.
20. WHAT IS INERTIA? HOW ARE MASS & INERTIA
RELATED? IN OTHER WORDS, IF THE YOU ADD MORE MASS
TO SOMETHING, WHAT HAPPENS TO ITS INERTIA? Inertia is
a measurement of an objects resistance to move. If an object
has more mass, it also has more inertia.
21. WHAT IS DENSITY? WHAT WOULD HAPPEN TO THE
DENSITY OF A PIECE OF ALUMINUM FOIL IF YOU CRUMBLED
IT UP INTO A BALL? Density- the amount of mass vs. the
amount of volume; it increases because the volume decreases
22. WHAT DOES FLOATING HAVE TO DO WITH THE
DENSITIES OF OBJECTS? IN OTHER WORDS, WHY DO YOU
THINK A CAN OF DIET COKE FLOATS IN WATER, BUT A CAN
OF REGULAR COKE SINKS? Objects that are less dense than
water can float. The Diet Coke does not have sugar, which is
more dense than water, in it, while the regular Coke does.
23. WHAT ARE THE STEPS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD?
Question, research, hypothesis, experiment, analyze,
conclusion.
24. WHAT IS MASS? WHAT UNITS DO WE MEASURE IT
WITH? Mass- a measure of the amount of matter that makes up
something; measured with grams
25. WHAT IS VOLUME? WHAT UNITS DO WE MEASURE IT
WITH? Liters, cubic meters
26. WHAT IS A CONTROL? Something not being tested
27. WHAT IS A VARIABLE? INDEPENDENT
(MANIPULATED)? DEPENDENT (RESPONDING)? Variable:
anything that can vary; Independent: something controlled by
the tester; Dependent: responds to the independent