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Students will be able to:
-Define the term trophic level and identify
and explain trophic levels in food chains
and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or
numbers, pyramids of biomass and
pyramids of productivity, and construct
such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects
the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population
interactions and relate them to real world
examples: neutralism, ammensalism,
mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.
Ecology = the study of
relationships between
living organisms
(biotic factors), their
environment (abiotic
factors), and energy
components of their
environment.
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Students will be able to:
-Define the term trophic level and identify
and explain trophic levels in food chains
and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or
numbers, pyramids of biomass and
pyramids of productivity, and construct
such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects
the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population
interactions and relate them to real world
examples: neutralism, ammensalism,
mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.
In other words in ecology
we study the ecosystem,
which can be defined as a
community and its
nonliving surroundings
(its environment).
Structure
Students will be able to:
-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism, mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.
Food Chain = used to show
one way matter and energy
can move through an ecosystem.
These movements are the results of
eating or decomposing.
Food Web = shows all the
possible food chains in an
ecosystem.
Structure
Students will be able to:
-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism, mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.
Each organism in a food chain
represents a Trophic Level.
Structure
Students will be able to:
-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism, mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.
Ecological Pyramids = Graphical models of the quantitative
differences that exist between trophic levels of a single ecosystem.
They can be pyramids of numbers, biomass, or productivity.
Structure
Students will be able to:
-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism, mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.
Secondary Consumer
Primary Consumer
Tertiary Consumer
of
Structure
Students will be able to:
-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism, mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.
Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Tertiary Consumer
Quaternary Consumer
Structure
Students will be able to:
-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism, mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.
Each trophic level represents
a 90% loss in energy.
This is because most of the
energy used is lost as
heat.
Structure
Students will be able to:
-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism, mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.
Bioaccumulation =
the accumulation of substances,
such as pesticides,
or other organic chemicals
in an organism.
Structure
Students will be able to:
-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism, mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.
Interspecific competition = When members of two or more species
interact to gain access to the same limited resources.
Intraspecific competition = When members of the same species
interact to gain access to the same limited resources.
Ex. Food, light, or space.
Population interactions occur in 5 main ways.
1) Competition
Structure
Students will be able to:
-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism, mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.
2) Predation = occurs when a member of one species feeds directly on
all or part of a member of another species.
Structure
Students will be able to:
-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism, mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.
3) Parasitism = occurs when one organism feeds on the body of, or the
energy is used by, another organism, usually by living
on or in the host.
Structure
Students will be able to:
-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism, mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.
4) Mutualism = is an interaction that benefits both species by providing
each with food, shelter, or some other resource.
The anemonefish lives among the forest of tentacles of an anemone and is protected from potential predators not immune to the sting of
the anemone. The anemonefish is protected from the sting of the anomone tentacles by a substance contained in the mucous on its skin.
The exact nature of this protective substance is not known, but is believed to be a combination of a partial natural secretion and
chemicals the fish harvests by rubbing up against the anemone's tentacles. What ever the case may be, the anemone treats the fish as part
of itself and does not sting it.
Structure
Students will be able to:
-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism, mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.
5) Commensalism = an interaction that benefits one species but has little,
or no, effect on the other.
The Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis)
forages in pastures and fields
among livestock such as cattle
and horses, feeding on the insects
stirred up by the movement of the
grazing animals. The egrets
benefit from the arrangement, but
the livestock, generally, do not.
However as in most cases of
commensalism, there is a "but".
Cattle Egrets have been observed
perching on the top of cattle
picking off ticks, lending a slight
tinge of mutualism to the
arrangement.
Structure
Students will be able to:
-Define the term trophic level and identify and explain trophic levels in food chains and food webs.
-Explain the principles of pyramids or numbers, pyramids of biomass and pyramids of productivity, and construct such
pyramids from given data.
-Discuss how the pyramid structure affects the functioning of an ecosystem.
-Define the following population interactions and relate them to real world examples: neutralism, ammensalism, mutualism,
commensalism, and parasitism.
Limiting factors = abiotic factors can affect the number of organisms
in a population.
Too much or too little of any abiotic factor can limit or prevent growth
of a population, even if all other factors are at or near the optimal
range of tolerance.
Examples of limiting factors include: water
nitrogen
potassium
phosphorus
temperature
sunlight
oxygen


Classification = The science of grouping organisms based on
similarities.
Why classify?
To help identify organisms.
To identify similarities between organisms.
To identify evolutionary patterns and relationships.

Whats the basis for
classification?
Anatomy




Biochemistry




Genetics
Ecology
Students will be able to:
-define limiting factors and name specific limiting factors as well as their affects
-use a dichotomous key to classify species
-define the term diversity and apply Simpsons diversity index and outline its significance
-define the term biome and outline the distribution and relative productivity of the different biomes
5 Kingdoms
Animalia
Plantae
Protista
Monera
Fungi
3 Domains
Eukaryota
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Ecology
Students will be able to:
-define limiting factors and name specific limiting factors as well as their affects
-use a dichotomous key to classify species
-define the term diversity and apply Simpsons diversity index and outline its significance
-define the term biome and outline the distribution and relative productivity of the different biomes
Hierarchy of Classification
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Ecology
Students will be able to:
-define limiting factors and name specific limiting factors as well as their affects
-use a dichotomous key to classify species
-define the term diversity and apply Simpsons diversity index and outline its significance
-define the term biome and outline the distribution and relative productivity of the different biomes
Scientists use a 2 word system of naming different organisms called
Binomial Nomenclature
The 2 word name is called a Scientific Name and it is made up of
the genus and specific epithet.
A scientific name is either written in italics or it is underlined.
Dandelion =

Domestic Cat =

Mosquito =

Human =
Taraxacum officianalis

Felix domesticus

Colex pipens

Homo sapiens
The genus must be capitalized and the specific epithet is lowercase.
Ecology
Students will be able to:
-define limiting factors and name specific limiting factors as well as their affects
-use a dichotomous key to classify species
-define the term diversity and apply Simpsons diversity index and outline its significance
-define the term biome and outline the distribution and relative productivity of the different biomes
In order to identify new organisms and to figure out what species
they are, scientists use a Dichotomous Key.
Dichotomous Keys use yes or no questions about the organisms
anatomy to determine its identity.
Ecology
Students will be able to:
-define limiting factors and name specific limiting factors as well as their affects
-use a dichotomous key to classify species
-define the term diversity and apply Simpsons diversity index and outline its significance
-define the term biome and outline the distribution and relative productivity of the different biomes
Ecology
Students will be able to:
-define limiting factors and name specific limiting factors as well as their affects
-use a dichotomous key to classify species
-define the term diversity and apply Simpsons diversity index and outline its significance
-define the term biome and outline the distribution and relative productivity of the different biomes
Ecology
Students will be able to:
-define limiting factors and name specific limiting factors as well as their affects
-use a dichotomous key to classify species
-define the term diversity and apply Simpsons diversity index and outline its significance
-define the term biome and outline the distribution and relative productivity of the different biomes
Ecology
Students will be able to:
-define limiting factors and name specific limiting factors as well as their affects
-use a dichotomous key to classify species
-define the term diversity and apply Simpsons diversity index and outline its significance
-define the term biome and outline the distribution and relative productivity of the different biomes