5/13/2014

Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar

University, Patiala 1


NETWORKING



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Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala
Computer Network
A COMPUTER NETWORK Is a communication system where a
group of computers and other devices like printers are
connected by cables and other hardware. A network allows
resources to be shared among all the systems connected to the
network. This concept of connected computers Sharing
resources is called networking.
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Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala
5/13/2014
Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala 2
USES OF NETWORKS
RESOURCE SHARING
HIGH RELIABILITY
SAVING MONEY
COMMUNICATION MEDIUM
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Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala
BENEFITS OF USING NETWORKS
EXPENSIVE RESOURCES AND DATA CAN BE SHARED
AMONG USERS.
INCREASED RELIABILITY AND CAN MAINTAIN GOOD
RESPONSE TIME.
THE ARCHITECTURE CAN BE EASILY EXPANDED TO HANDLE
INCREASED VOLUME AND NEW APPLICATIONS.
DISK DRIVES AND SERVER STATIONS CAN BE SIMPLY
CONTROLLED.
DATA CAN BE EASILY COLLECTED TO CENTRAL LOCATION.
DATA CAN BE PROCESSED BY MULTIPLE USER.


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Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala
5/13/2014
Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala 3
APPLICATIONS OF NETWORKING

Production System
Business applications
Home applications
Mobile users

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Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala
Production Applications
Main purpose of networking in manufacturing system is
to make all programs, equipments and especially data
available to anyone on network regardless of physical
location of resources and users. Plotters, rapid
prototype machines, coordinate measuring machine,
printers, CNC machines, display panels and other
equipments are centrally connected to share
information instantly.



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Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala
5/13/2014
Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala 4
TYPES OF NETWORKING
BROADLY CLASSIFIED IN TWO CATEGORIES:

Miniature less than 50 m
Small less than 500 m
Medium less than 1 Km
Large greater than 1 Km
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ACCORDING TO CONNECTIVITY

LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)
WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)

Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala
COMPARISION OF NETWORK SIZES
Network Sizes
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
10M - ROOM
100M - BUILDING
1KM - CAMPUS
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)
10KM - CITY
WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)
100KM - STATE
1000KM - COUNTRY
THE INTERNET
10000KM - PLANET

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Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala
5/13/2014
Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala 5
Local Area Network (LAN)
A NETWORK THAT IS LIMITED TO RELATIVELY SMALL SPATIAL
AREA SUCH AS A ROOM, A SINGLE BUILDING, A SHIP, OR AN
AIRCRAFT
LOCAL AREA NETWORKS ARE SOMETIMES CALLED A SINGLE
LOCATION NETWORK
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Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala
FEATURES OF LAN
RELATIVELY HIGH SPEED
EASY / REASONABLY PRICED CONNECTION
DISTANCE LIMITED TO A FEW METERS
CONNECTING DIFFERENT DEVICES
COMPUTERS
TERMINALS / PRINTERS
STORAGE


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Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala
5/13/2014
Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala 6
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)
A NETWORK THAT CONNECTS TWO OR MORE LANS TOGETHER
BUT DOES NOT EXTEND BEYOND THE BOUNDARIES OF THE
IMMEDIATE TOWN, CITY, OR METROPOLITAN AREA.
MULTIPLE ROUTERS, SWITCHES & HUBS ARE CONNECTED
TO CREATE A MAN.
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Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala
MAN
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Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala
5/13/2014
Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala 7
FEATURES OF MAN
A METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN) COVERS A
CITY OR A REGION OF A CITY
BORROW TECHNOLOGIES FROM LANS AND WANS
ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY FIBER OPTIC SYSTEMS
ARE VERY OFTEN A RING TOPOLOGY
HIGH TRANSFER SPEED


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Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala
WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)
A WAN IS A DATA COMMUNICATION NETWORK THAT
COVERS A RELATIVELY BROAD GEOGRAPHIC AREA
AND THAT OFTEN USES TRANSMISSION FACILITIES
PROVIDED BY COMMON CARRIERS, SUCH AS
TELEPHONE COMPANIES
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Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala
5/13/2014
Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala 8
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TOPOLOGIES
THE TERM TOPOLOGY REFERS TO THE WAY A NETWORK IS LAID OUT
PHYSICALLY . TWO OR MORE DEVICES CONNECT TO A LINK, TWO OR MORE
LINKS FORM A TOPOLOGY. THE TOPOLOGY OF A NETWORK IS THE GEOMETRIC
REPRESENTATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF ALL LINKS AND LINKING DEVICES
(USUALLY CALLED NODES) TO EACH OTHER. THERE ARE BASIC FIVE OPOLOGIES
POSSIBLE:
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Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala
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STAR TOPOLOGY
EASY TO MANAGE AND CONTROL
NO LIMIT FOR NUMBER OF ARMS
EASY EXPANSION BY ADDING MORE NODES
CENTRAL NODE IS A SINGLE POINT FAILURE
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Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala
5/13/2014
Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala 9
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RING TOPOLOGY
DEDICATED POINT TO POINT CONNECTION WITH PCs ON EITHER SIDE
UNI DIRECTIONAL
EASY TO INSTALL AND CONFIGURE
A BREAK IN RING CAN DISABLE ENTIRE NETWORK

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Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala
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BUS TOPOLOGY
VERY HIGH SPEED TRANSMISSION
SINGLE BACKBONE
A SINGLE BREAK CAN STOP ALL TRANSMISSION
LIMITED DISTANCE
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Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala
5/13/2014
Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala 10
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MESH TOPOLOGY
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Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala
LOCATION
B
LOCATION
C
LOCATION
A
LOCATION
D
LOCATION
E
Connects all the devices to each other
There is least chance of complete shut down
Becomes more complex with increase in number of devices
Large wire network is more confusing and difficult to find fault
Eliminates traffic problem
Gives privacy and security
TREE TOPOLOGY
It is hybrid of BUS and STAR topology
DIVISION
COMPUTER
DIVISION
COMPUTER
PLANT
COMPUTERS PLANT
COMPUTERS
CORPORATE
HOST COMPUTER
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Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala
5/13/2014
Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala 11
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COMPARISON OF TOPOLOGIES
STAR RING BUS MESH
A D V A N T A G E S :
EASY TO INSTALL MORE EASY TO INSTALL EASY INSTALLATION ELIMINATES
AND RECONFIGURE AND RECONFIGURE TRAFFIC PROBLEM

EASY FOR FAULT FAULT ISOLATION IS LESS CABLE REQD. MORE PRIVACY
IDENTIFICATION VERY SIMPLE THAN ALL TOPO. AND SECURIT
AND ISOLATION

D I S A D V A N T A G E S :
MORE CABLE REQD. UNIDIRECTIONAL FAULT ISOLATION, MORE NUMBER
THAN TREE, RING TRAFFIC RECONFIGURATION OF CABLES ARE
OR BUS IS DIFFICULT REQUIRED

IF HUB FAILS THE BREAK IN RING CAN BREAK IN BUS,CABLE INSTALLATION,
TOTAL NETWORK DISABLE THE ENTIRE STOPS ALL CONFIGURATION
COLLAPSES NETWORK TRANSMISSIONS ARE DIFFICULT
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Devender Kumar, AP, MED, Thapar
University, Patiala