Theme one

Bricks Beads and Bones

History Class XII
9 DISCUSS THE FUNCTIONS THAT A! HA"E BEEN #E$FO$ED B! THE
$U%E$S OF HA$A##AN SOCIET!&
'
(
' #A%ACE FOUND #$O"ES THE EXISTANCE OF A )IN*&
A lar+e ,-ildin+ .o-nd .rom the e/ca0ations o. Hara11a has ,een
la,elled ,y the historians as 2#alace3& Ho4e0er no s-ch e0idence has
,een .o-nd 4hich 1ro0es that the kin+ may ha0e li0ed there&
5 THE STATUE OF #$IEST )IN* FOUND SII%A$ TO THAT OF
ESO#OTAIA
A stone stat-e .o-nd .rom a Hara11an site has ,een named as the
21riest kin+3& This 4as done ,eca-se the archaeolo+ists 4ere .amiliar
to the 1riest kin+ o. eso1otamia 4hich 4as contem1orary to the
Hara11an ci0ili6ation& Ho4e0er it is not clear 4hether the .-nctions
1er.ormed ,y the 1riest kin+ o. eso1otamia 4ere similar to that o.
the 1riest kin+ o. Hara11a&
7 NOT )NO8N 8HETHE$ #EO#%E 8HO #E$FO$ED $ITUA%S HAD
#O%ITICA% #O8E$S
Archaeolo+ical remains indicate that the Hara11ans 1ractised
rit-als &Ho4e0er it not indicated i. the 1eo1le 4ho 1er.ormed rit-als
1rocessed 1olitical 1o4ers too&
9 O#INION OF A$CHAEO%O*ISTS ABOUT #O%ITICA% #O8E$
A A%% EN:O!ED E;UA% STATUS< Some o. the archaeolo+ists are o. the
0ie4 that here 4ere no r-lers in Hara11a and e0ery,ody en=oyed an
e>-al stat-s&
B THE CONCE#T OF SE"E$A% $U%E$S
Other archaeolo+ists ,elie0e that Hara11a did not ha0e a sin+le r-ler
,-t had se0eral r-lers& So accordin+ to these archaeolo+ists Hara11a
had its o4n r-ler 4hereas ohen=odaro had another r-ler&
C A SIN*%E STATE 8ITH UNIFO$ #O%ICIES
!et others ar+-e that there 4as a sin+le state ,eca-se o. immense
-ni.ormity s1read all o0er the ci0ili6ation e&+& similarity in arte.acts ?
e0idences o. a 1lanned settlement ?the standardi6ed ratio o. ,rick
si6e and esta,lishment o. settlements ? near the so-rces o. ra4
material&
CONC%USION
The last theory i&e& a sin+le state 4ith -ni.orm 1olicies seems most
1la-si,le? as it is -nlikely that entire comm-nities co-ld ha0e
collecti0ely made and im1lemented s-ch com1le/ decisions&