O. Al Agha, J. Al-Aqsa Unv., 10 (S.E.

) 2006

* .

ABSTRACT
Corrosion in structures
Corrosion structures is rapidly becoming a major problem through
out the world. Concrete structures ,Steel structures, Marine structures ,
Sanitary and Water facilities , Buildings , Bridges and Industrial structures
are being severely damaged by corrosion of the rebar . Corrosion of the
reinforcing steel in concrete and the resultant cracking and spilling of the
concrete is coasting millions of dollars each year . the annual coast of repair
and maintenance for the corroded structures is too much . So we are invited
to search for the basic method of mechanisms and methods of corrosion
prevent in structure , and best solutions to avoid it .

* Msc, in Engineering, KhanYouins, Palestine..

122

123

O. Al Agha, J. Al-Aqsa Unv., 10 (S.E.) 2006

PH

MIC

Ref . 1

124


:
.1 / ) (An Anoode .
.2 / ) ( A Cathode .
.3 ) (

An Electrol

.4

Fe++ + 2e-

Fe

:
2OH-

O2 + H2O + 2 -

-0.85
cu_cuso4 + 0.40

1.25Ref. 2 .

curing PH
Ref . 3 . 13 14 PH

125

O. Al Agha, J. Al-Aqsa Unv., 10 (S.E.) 2006

) ( 2

Permeability

ferrous

PH 14 12

FeO + H2O

Fe++ + 2OH-

126



: Rust
FeCL2 + ( complex )+

.Fe++ + CL-

:
Fe2O3+ + 3 H2O + 4CL CL-

2FeCL2+ + O2 + +H2O + 4 OH-

PH
.

127

O. Al Agha, J. Al-Aqsa Unv., 10 (S.E.) 2006

.
.

.
.

) : ( 3

128

CaO

%67 64

SiO2

% 24 19

Al2O3

Fe2O3

% 7 4

% 6 2

:
Mgo K2O .

:
3CaO.SiO2 + ( n + 1 ) H2O = 2CaO.SiO2 nH2O + Ca( OH )2
2CaO . SiO2 + nH2O = 2CaO . SiO2 nH2O
3CaO . AL2O3 + 6H2O = 3CaO . AL2O3 . 6H2O
4CaO . AL2O3 . Fe2O3 mH2O =3CaO . AL2O3 . 6H2O+CaO. Fe2O3. ( m-6 ) H2O

Ca( OH )2

129

O. Al Agha, J. Al-Aqsa Unv., 10 (S.E.) 2006

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 + nH2O = CaCO3 + ( n + 1 ) H2O

Ref. 4.

130

cracks

Voids

Tmpr .

Rust

Capillary Action

humidity

131

Environmental and Climitical Effect on Structures Increase

i

) ( 4

O. Al Agha, J. Al-Aqsa Unv., 10 (S.E.) 2006

:
.1

.2

slump test :

.3

.

.4

) ( 5

.5

132

.6
Ref. 5.

) (6

: :
:

133

O. Al Agha, J. Al-Aqsa Unv., 10 (S.E.) 2006

Electrochemical current
:

.1

Cast Iron

.2

Wrought Iron

.3

Galvanized Iron

.4

Ductile Iron

.5 Stainless Steel

134

" " Fe3c

: : Anode

positively charged ions

:
Fe2+ + 2-

Fe

Oxidation

135

O. Al Agha, J. Al-Aqsa Unv., 10 (S.E.) 2006

) ( 7

: :Cathode

!!

.
:
2 H2
Hydrogen gas

2Electrons

2H+
+
Hydrogen Ions

:
2H2O
4OH-

O2 + 4H+ + 4O2 + 2H2O + 4-

Fe3c

136

: :

. :
Fe++ + 2e-

Fe

:
4OH-

O2 + 2H2O + 4 e-

PH .
H2CO3
Carbonic acide
FeCO3
+
H2
Iron Carbonate
Hydrogen
) ( corrosion products

CO2
+
H2O
Carbon Doxide
Water
Fe +
H2CO3
Iron
Carbon acid

Low strength steel

.
MIC ( Microbial Influenced Corrosion ) :

137

O. Al Agha, J. Al-Aqsa Unv., 10 (S.E.) 2006

Gate Valves Organic Acids

) ( 8

Break Pressure Tanks

Steel

Bolted Tanks
leakage

Erosion Corrosion

138

Cavitations

Bubbles

Intergranuler Corrosion
Vent Pipes

Ref . 6.

) ( 9

139

O. Al Agha, J. Al-Aqsa Unv., 10 (S.E.) 2006

) ( 10 ) (

Sulfide Stress

Corrosion
.
.

Result :

.1

140


.2
.

.3 Additives

.4

Recommendations :
:
.1 " S.R.S " sulfate Resistant Cement

.2 Fair-Face Concrete

.3
.

141

O. Al Agha, J. Al-Aqsa Unv., 10 (S.E.) 2006

.4


.

.5
.

.6 Internal Lining
Ductile Iron

.7

.

.8 G.R.P. Glass Reinforcment Plastic

.

.9 G.R.P
.
.10

142

) ( 11
.11

%2
.

.12

.13

.14

: :

.1 .
.2 .1976 -1975
.3 .

.4
1995 .

: :

143

O. Al Agha, J. Al-Aqsa Unv., 10 (S.E.) 2006

1. Microbially Influenced Corrosion.
2.Environmentally Acceptable Methods Control Pipeline Corrosion " by :
Rames R.Frank and Michel Enzien , May 1997 . USA
3.Cathodic Protection Of Steel and Concrete " . by :
William H.Hartt. . Department Ocean Engineering . Florida Atlantic
Uneversity . Boca Raton , Florida 33431.1977. USA
4. " Michanism of Corrosion Of Steel in Concrete ".
Carl E.Lock ." University of Oklahoma , Oklahoma , 73019.1978 . USA
5. ACTEL . Activated Titanum Electrods Limited .
P.O. box 889 Chippengham . U.K.

:
) : ( 1 .

) : ( 2 .

) : ( 3 .
) : ( 4 .
) : ( 5 .

) : ( 6 .
) : ( 7 .

) : ( 8 .
) : ( 9 .

) :( 10 ) (.
) : ( 11 .

144