PHOSPHORYL HA

Ngi thc hin: Nguyn Th Thu Tho

Ngi hng dn: TS. V Vn Ton
Lp: Cao hc sinh K12
- Nh ATP v di xc tc ca creatinkinase ( ng vt c v)
hay argininkinase, ty th ca t bo c c kh nng to thnh
cc lin kt giu nng lng thch hp.
Creatin + ATP Creatinphosphat + ADP

- Trong nhng trng hp thiu oxy v glycolyse khng to
thnh ATP c, khi nh adenylatkinase - enzym vn
chuyn phosphat trong c - c chc nng ngc vi
nucleosidmonophosphatkinase, xc tc phn ng cung cp
ATP c th din ra theo phng trnh di y:
2ADP ATP + AMP
1- Photphoryl ha
- Trong qu trnh trao i hydratcacbon th Glucose-6-photphat
l cht then cht nht. Con ng phosphoryl ha to thnh
glucose-6-photphat :
Glucose + ATP glucose-6-photphat + ADP
A-R-P~P~P
Glu-6-P
A-R-P~P
Glucose
hexokinase
=> phn ng khng thun nghch
- Trn c s khc nhau v mc nng
lng t do gia cc lin kt
pyrophosphat trong ATP vi lin kt
esterphosphat trong glucose-6-
phosphat m phng trnh phn ng
tip tc to thnh glucose-6-
phosphat (s bn)
1- Photphoryl ha
Glucose-6-Photphat c th tham gia vo cc qu trnh trao
i hydrocarbon khc nhau:
Tinh bt
Glucose -1-
phosphat
Glucose
Glucose + ATP Glucose-6-
phosphat
Oxy ha trc tip
Glucose Fructose -6-phosphat
Glycolyse
1- Photphoryl ha
Quang hp cy xanh
Dip lc hp thu nng lng nh sng mt tri
Nng lng c d tr trong cc phn t sc t di dng nng
lng kch thch v tip theo l s di tr nng lng vo trong
trung tm phn ng, l mt phn t dip lc c bit.
e

Phn t dip lc
trung tm phn ng
ny, sau khi nhn
nng lng s tr nn
b kch thch v tr
thnh cht cho in
t, nhng in t
cho cht nhn
electron u tin
tham gia vo qu
trnh quang
phosphoryl ha.
Tuy nhin, ty theo dip lc trung tm phn ng khc nhau m qu
trnh vn chuyn in t c th i theo con ng quang phosphoryl
ha vng hay khng vng.
Quang Phosphoryl ha vng
(Cyclic Photophosphorylation)
E
P700
1
O
Electron
acceptor
Ferredoxin (Fd)
(E
0
= O,43V)
Plastoquinone (P
Q
)
(E
0
= 0,06V)

Plastocyanin
(E
0
= O,365V)
hn
Cytochrome b/f

Photosystem I
2e
-
2e
-
2e
-
2e
-
2e
-
+2H
+
- 0,6
+ 0,43
nADP + nP nATP + nH
2
O


Enzym

n h

Cc phn t dip lc, khi hp thu lng t nh
sng chuyn thnh trng thi kch thch. trng
thi kch thch di tc dng ca nh sng tip tc
chlorophyl tr thnh cht cho in t. Cht nhn
in t u tin trong chui phosphoryl ha l
protein ferredoxin c cha st. Khi nhn in t
th ferredoxin chuyn thnh trng thi kh:
Ferredoxin-Fe +e- Ferredoxin-Fe.
c th nng l E
0
=-0,435volt
2+
3+
V l cht kh mnh, nn ferredoxin-Fe2+
chuyn in t cho cht vn chuyn trung gian
tip theo l cytochrom b6, c th nng l :
E
0
=-0,060volt v kh cytochrom ny. T
cytochrom b6, li c chuyn in t cho
cytochrom f, c th nng l E
0
=+ 0,365volt,
cui cng in t quay tr li chlorophyl
Trong qu trnh vn chuyn in t, c s
tham gia ca cc h thng enzyme c hiu,
nn hnh thnh cc lin kt phosphoryl giu
nng lng ATP m khng c tham gia ca bt
k mt cht cho hay cht nhn in t no
khc.
l nt c trng ca qu trnh phosphoryl
ha vng v c th trnh by theo phng trnh
tng qut:
nADP +n P n ATP +n H
2
O
Qu trnh phosphoryl ha vng khng tha
mn nng lng kh CO
2
cho nn trong
quang hp cn c th c qu trnh khc b
sung, l qa trnh phosphoryl ha khng
vng cung cp ATP v NADPH cho ng
ha CO
2

Quang Phosphoryl ha khng vng
(Noncyclic Photophosphorylation)
H
2
O + ADP + P +2NADP
+
ATP +2NADPH + O
2

Enzym

n h
Quang phosphoryl hoa khng co tinh chu ky:

Con ng khng vng ( vng h hay vng
khng khp kn) thc hin bi h sc t sng
ngn v c sng di, bao gm clorophin a c
cc i hp th bc sng < 680nm v cc
sc t ph khc
P
680
l trung tm phn ng ca phn ng sng
II. Cht nhn in t u tin ca PSII l
C
550
(mt cht cho n nay cng cha xc nh
chc chn).
Thnh phn ca chu trnh truyn in t y
l plastoquinon, plastoxyanin, xitocrom f ri
n P
700
ca PSI m khng tr v P
680
khp
kn chu trnh. in t b li cho P
680
c ly
t H
2
O qua qu trnh quang phn ly nc
gii phng O
2
v e, cng nh H

V vy, kt qu ca chu trnh truyn in t
khng vng ny l s hnh thnh khng nhng
ATP m cn gii phng O2 v hnh thnh sn
phm kh NADPH2.
+
Cc sn phm ca qu trnh quang phosphoryl
ha khng vng l ATP, NADPH v oxy, do
c th vit phng trnh tng qut nh sau:
2H
2
O+ 2ADP + 2 P + 2NADP+ 2ATP +
2NADPH +O
2
.
Hiu qu nng lng ca qu trnh
1. Qu trnh Quang Phosphoryl ha vng:
Trong qu trnh ny c trung bnh 4 photon
nh sng th vn chuyn c 4 in t v
to c t 2 n 4 ATP (1 ATP =9kcal). Mt
photon nh sng c nng lng l 42 Kcal,
hiu sut nng lng ti a c th c ca qu
trnh ny l:
(9x4/42x4)x100% = 22%


Hiu qu nng lng ca quang phosphoryl
ha khng vng cao hn so vi quang
phosphoryl ha vng

2. Qu trnh quang phosphoryl ha khng vng:
Kt qu ca qu trnh quang Phosphoryl ha
khng vng l mt phn quang nng b bin i
c dng vo vic to thnh ATP, phn cn li
c dng to NADPH-H (=52 Kcal) v gii
phng O2.
T l foton: in t: NADPH-H:ATP l
4:2:1:1. Nh vy hiu sut nng lng ca qu
trnh ny l:
[(52+9)/168]x 100% = 36%.
S khc nhau gia hai qu trnh quang Phosphoryl ha

1. Quang Phosphoryl ha vng (Cyclic
photophosphorylation)
in t c vn chuyn quay vng (e
-
run in a
cycle)
Phosphoryl ha ADP thnh ATP bng con
ng ha thm thu. (photophosphorylation of
ADP to make ATP) by chemiosmosis
Khng to thnh carbonhydrat (No
carbohydrate made)
Ch s dng P700. (Uses only P700)
2. Quang phosphoryl ha khng vng
(Noncyclic photophosphorylation)
in t c chuyn ha t s phn ly nc.
(e
-
derived from splitting of water)
Gii phng ra Oxy phn t (Releases
molecular oxygen)
To ATP. (Makes ATP)
To Carbonhydrat l NADPH (cht nhn e
cui cng) tham gia vo chu trnh Calvin.
(Makes carbohydrate b/c NADPH (terminal e
-

acceptor) passes to the Calvin Cycle)
S dng P700 v P680. (Uses P700 and P680)