Earthquake Guided Notes page494

What is stress? What is strain? How to they compare and

contrast? (make a Venn diagram)
Stress: the forces per unit area acting on a material.
Strain: the deformation of materials in response to stress.
Strain is a response to stress.

What are the 3 different types of faults? Describe each.
Type of waves Materials &
Description
Sketch Movement
Primary
Squeeze & pull rocks
in the same direction
the wave is moving


Same direction as the
wave
Secondary
Cause rocks to move
at right angles in
relation to the
direction of the waves


Right angles to the
waves
Surface

Move in 2 different
ways as they pass
through rock

2 directions

How do the focus and the epicenter of earthquakes compare and
contrast?
Focus: where the earthquake originates
Epicenter: the point on earths surface directly above the focus

The greater the distance between P and S waves on a
seismograph the (longer or shorter) distance away from the
epicenter.

Earthquake Guided Notes page494

What is the name of the scale used to measure the energy
released during an earthquake? What is the range of the scale?
Richter Scale, ranges from 1-10

What is the name of the scale used to measure the intensity
(damage done) during and earthquake? What is the range of the
scale?
The modified Mercalli scale, ranges from 1-12

Describe the damage caused by earthquakes for a level 1, 5, and
10
I: Not felt except under unusual conditions
V: Felt by nearly everyone, some dishes and windows break,
plaster cracks
X: Most ordinary structures are destroyed, rails are bent,
landslides are common