Earthquake Guided Notes page494

What is stress? What is strain? How do they compare and

contrast? (make a Venn diagram) Stress is the force per unit area
acting on a plane within a body. Strain is the small changes in
length and volume associated with deformation of the earth by
tectonic stresses or by the passage of seismic waves. They are
both forces that cause earthquakes, but they have different ways
of causing earthquakes.

What are the 3 different types of faults? Describe each.
Type of waves Materials &
Description
Sketch Movement
Primary Travels quickly
through earth
and liquids

quick
Secondary Travels slowly
through earth
and liquids

slow
Surface

A seismic wave
that is trapped
near the
surface of the
earth
none

How do the focus and the epicenter of earthquakes compare and
contrast?
A focus is where the earthquake occurred underground while the
epicenter is directly above where the seismic waves are felt.
Earthquake Guided Notes page494

The greater the distance between P and S waves on a
seismograph the (longer or shorter) distance away from the
epicenter. longer

What is the name of the scale used to measure the energy
released during an earthquake? What is the range of the scale?
Richter Scale & base-10 logarithmic

What is the name of the scale used to measure the intensity
(damage done) during and earthquake? What is the range of the
scale?

Describe the damage caused by earthquakes for a level 1, 5, and
10

Level 1: Little to no damage
Level 5: Buildings are broken
Level 10: Buildings are destroyed and many people die.