AWS Welding Journal October 2014

The joining of ESAB and Victor
brings together ve heavy hitters.

Now all the welding and cutting
solutions you need are available
from one company ESAB.
Visit us at booths C2444, C2454, and C2466 at FABTECH 2014.
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY TO ADVANCE THE SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND APPLICATION OF WELDING
AND ALLIED JOINING AND CUTTING PROCESSES WORLDWIDE, INCLUDING BRAZING, SOLDERING, AND THERMAL SPRAYING
October 2014
For Info, go to www.aws.org/adindex
44 Pairing Galvanized Steel with MetalCored Wire
Selecting a metal-cored welding wire designed to
weld zinc-coated steel will help take some of the
challenges away in welding this material
A. DArcy
48 Changes Are Coming to Hazard Communication
Manufacturers, distributors, and users of welding
electrodes need to prepare for new recommendations
in the Globally Harmonized System of hazard
communication
52 Meeting the Demand for Welding Engineers
The history, current status, and future direction of
The Ohio State Universitys welding engineering
program are profiled D. Phillips, A. Benatar, and
J. C. Lippold
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 3
CONTENTS
369s Mechanical Behavior of TitaniumClad Steel
Welded Joints
Titanium-clad steel was welded with different
interlayer materials and then tested for hardness,
ductility, and shear strength J. E. Ramirez
379s FluxAssisted Gas Tungsten Arc and Laser Welding
of Titanium with CryoliteContaining Fluxes: Arc
Spectroscopy and Corrosion Resistance Studies
Autogenous welding and welding with a solid wire and
newly developed tubular wires were compared for
joining commercially pure titanium
T. AlSabti et al.
388s Learning Human Welder Movement in Pipe GTAW:
A Virtualized Welding Approach
Experiments were conducted to transfer human welding
intelligence into the control system of a robot
Y. K. Liu et al.
399s Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical
Properties of Fiber Laser WeldedBrazed Mg
AlloyStainless Steel Joint
The influence of heat input on the microstructure and
mechanical properties of a dissimilar joint welded with
a laser-brazing process was investigated
C. W. Tan et al.
WELDING RESEARCH SUPPLEMENT
October 2014 Volume 93 Number 10
FEATURES
44
6 Editorial
10 Washington Watchword
12 Press Time News
14 International Update
18 News of the Industry
28 Business Briefs
30 Letters to the Editor
32 Aluminum Q&A
34 Brazing Q&A
36 Product & Print Spotlight
62 AWS Show Information
67 AWS Events at a Glance
72 AWS Professional Program
90 AWS Exhibit Highlights
168 Coming Events
170 Certification Schedule
172 Welding Workbook
175 Society News
181 Tech Topics
190 Guide to AWS Services
192 Personnel
197 Red Hots
208 Logos
212 Classifieds
214 Advertiser Index
WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014 4
DEPARTMENTS
Welding Journal (ISSN 00432296) is published monthly by the
American Welding Society for $120.00 per year in the United
States and possessions, $160 per year in foreign countries: $7.50
per single issue for domestic AWS members and $10.00 per sin
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tional. American Welding Society is located at 8669 NW 36th St.,
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Readers of Welding Journal may make copies of articles for per
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Copyright 2014 by American Welding Society in both printed
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statement made or opinion expressed herein. Data and informa
tion developed by the authors of specific articles are for informa
tional purposes only and are not intended for use without inde
pendent, substantiating investigation on the part of potential
users.
Officers
President Dean R. Wilson
Welldean Enterprises
Vice President David J. Landon
Vermeer Mfg. Co.
Vice President David L. McQuaid
D. L. McQuaid and Associates, Inc.
Vice President John R. Bray
Affiliated Machinery, Inc.
Treasurer Robert G. Pali
J. P. Nissen Co.
Executive Director Ray W. Shook
American Welding Society
Directors
U. Aschemeier (Dist. 7), Miami Diver
R. E. Brenner (Dist. 10), CnD Industries, Inc.
D. J. Burgess (Dist. 8), University of Tennessee
N. C. Cole (Past President), NCC Engineering
G. Fairbanks (Dist. 9), Fairbanks Inspection &
Testing Services
T. A. Ferri (Dist. 1), Victor Technologies
K. Fogleman (Dist. 16), Consultant
P. H. Gorman (Dist. 20), Sandia National Laboratories
S. A. Harris (Dist. 4), Altec Industries
K. L. Johnson (Dist. 19), Vigor Shipyards
J. Jones (At Large), The Harris Products Group
J. Knapp (Dist. 17), Gas and Supply
T. J. Lienert (At Large), Los Alamos National Laboratory
D. E. Lynnes (Dist. 15), Lynnes Welding Training
C. Matricardi (Dist. 5), Welding Solutions, Inc.
S. P. Moran (At Large), Weir American Hydro
K. A. Phy (Dist. 6), K. A. Phy Services, Inc.
W. R. Polanin (At Large), Illinois Central College
W. A. Rice (Past President), OKI Bering
R. L. Richwine (Dist. 14), Ivy Tech State College
D. J. Roland (Dist. 12), Airgas USA, LLC,
NorthCentral Region
R. W. Roth (At Large), RoMan Manufacturing, Inc.
R. Madden, Hypertherm
D. Marquard, IBEDA Superflash
J. F. Saenger Jr., Consultant
S. Smith, WeldAid Products
D. Wilson, Welldean Enterprises
N. C. Cole, Ex Off., NCC Engineering
J. N. DuPont, Ex Off., Lehigh University
L. G. Kvidahl, Ex Off., Northrop Grumman Ship Systems
D. J. Landon, Ex Off., Vermeer Mfg.
S. P. Moran, Ex Off., Weir American Hydro
E. Norman, Ex Off., Southwest Area Career Center
R. G. Pali, Ex Off., J. P. Nissen Co.
N. Scotchmer, Ex Off., Huys Industries
R. W. Shook, Ex Off., American Welding Society
N. Saminich (Dist. 21), NS Inspection and Consulting
K. E. Shatell (Dist. 22), Pacific Gas & Electric Co.
T. A. Siewert (At Large), NIST (ret.)
J. Stoll (Dist. 18), Bohler Welding Group U.S.
H. W. Thompson (Dist. 2), UL, Inc.
R. P. Wilcox (Dist. 11), Ford Motor Co.
J. A. Willard (Dist. 13), Kankakee Community College
M. R. Wiswesser (Dist. 3), Welder Training
& Testing Institute
WELDING JOURNAL
Publisher Andrew Cullison
Editorial
Editorial Director Andrew Cullison
Editor Mary Ruth Johnsen
Associate Editor Howard M. Woodward
Associate Editor Kristin Campbell
Editorial Asst./Peer Review Coordinator Melissa Gomez
Publisher Emeritus Jeff Weber
Design and Production
Production Manager Zaida Chavez
Senior Production Coordinator Brenda Flores
Manager of International Periodicals and
Electronic Media Carlos Guzman
Advertising
National Sales Director Rob Saltzstein
Senior Advertising Sales Executive Sandra Jorgensen
Senior Advertising Sales Executive Annette Delagrange
Manager of Sales Operations Lea Paneca
Senior Advertising Production Manager Frank Wilson
Subscriptions
Subscriptions Representative Tabetha Moore
tmoore@aws.org
8669 NW 36 St., # 130, Miami, FL 331666672
(305) 4439353 or (800) 4439353
Publications, Expositions, Marketing
Committee
D. L. Doench, Chair, Hobart Brothers Co.
S. Bartholomew, Vice Chair, ESAB Welding & Cutting Prod.
J. D. Weber, Secretary, American Welding Society
D. Brown, Weiler Brush
T. Coco, Victor Technologies International
C. Coffey, Lincoln Electric
L. Davis, ORS Nasco
D. DeCorte, RoMan Mfg.
S. Fyffe, Astaras, Inc.
D. Levin, Airgas
On the cover: Atlanta Skyline as seen from Piedmont
Park in Midtown. Copyright 2007, Kevin C. Rose,
AtlantaPhotos.com.
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Have you ever considered where else you
might find all the products and services fea-
tured at the FABTECH show? The simple
answer is nowhere. Set for November
1113 at the Georgia World Congress Cen-
ter in Atlanta, FABTECH has developed into
a truly amazing focal point for everything
about metalworking, including a welding
presence that amounts to well over a third
of the total show space. This years
FABTECH is the second-largest in the ten-
year period since the AWS Welding Show
merged with it, and the welding/cutting
space sold is currently 48% greater than it
was the last time it was in Atlanta, in 2010.
We expect some 27,000 attendees on hand
to view the products of 1400 exhibiting
companies that will occupy more than
550,000 sq ft of floor space.
In addition, there will be more than 100
educational sessions to help you make the
most of the broad array of metalworking
technology on display. AWS-sponsored ses-
sions include programs on best practices
and new commercial developments in weld-
ing and thermal spray, the Professional Pro-
gram focusing on the latest in welding
research, the RWMA Resistance Welding
School, and more. Our show partners will
offer sessions on cutting, finishing, forming
and fabricating, job shop solutions, automa-
tion and robotics, stamping, and tube and
pipe. A live demonstration area in Hall A
will include a special thermal spray demo,
the AWS U.S. Invitational Weld Trials, and a
robotic arc welding competition. FABTECH
Industry Night at the new College Football
Hall of Fame will take place Wednesday,
Nov. 12, at 5:30 p.m. Keynote speakers will
include luminaries from Walmart and
Google, and ex-Pittsburgh Steelers
Superbowl Champion halfback Rocky Bleier.
Whats the reason for the unprecedented
success of FABTECH? The many reasons in-
clude the continuing economic recovery, the
strong metal manufacturing and construc-
tion markets in the Southeast (and
elsewhere), the wide package of exhibitors
in one show, and continually growing inter-
national interest. Although not as strong as
we would like, the economy is definitely
growing, with the number of jobs
increasing. At the same time, U.S. manufac-
turing is growing apace. Its an ideal
environment for both show exhibitors and
attendees, a situation that will definitely
benefit all parties involved.
The importance of product exhibitions,
generally, is not limited to the United
States. Over recent years, we have seen sig-
nificant and sustained growth in our annual
AWS Weldmex show in Mexico, held in
alliance with FABTECH Mexico and Metal-
form Mexico. We have also seen strong
interest in our FABTECH Canada exhibition
and the other shows in which we participate
in Brazil, Germany, Japan, China, India, and
many other locations. The point here is that
it is abundantly clear, and particularly in a
recovering economy, that face-to-face shows
still have a great relevance.
The continuing success of the strongest
shows, like FABTECH, is easy to
understand. It results from a combination
of creating a showplace for the latest
technology, plus an environment where po-
tential buyers can view and watch
demonstrations of the latest equipment re-
lated to their manufacturing and construc-
tion operations. Combine this with
technology-related education offerings
and you have an unbeatable, cant miss
mix of everything the consumer needs to
know.
Of course, as show planners, we havent
accomplished all this ourselves. AWS greatly
values the skill and devotion demonstrated
by its FABTECH partners: SME, the Fabrica-
tors and Manufacturers Association, Inter-
national (FMA), the Precision Metalforming
Association (PMA), and the Chemical
Coaters Association International (CCAI).
AWS and all of its partner associations con-
tinually strive to bring a more comprehen-
sive and valuable show to both the
exhibitors and all of the attendees, who are
mutually dependent on each other to
produce a great exhibition.
Come join us this year at the FABTECH
show in Atlanta. We promise we will make it
worthwhile for you from a business
standpoint, as well as thoroughly
interesting and enjoyable. For more
information on FABTECH, please visit our
website at www.aws.org. This issue of the
Welding Journal also features a comprehen-
sive preview of FABTECH 2014. We look
forward to seeing you there.
EDITORIAL
FABTECH A Show Like No Other
Ray Shook
Executive Director,
American Welding
Society
It is abundantly
clear, and particu
larly in a recover
ing economy, that
facetoface shows
still have a great
relevance.
WJ
See us at FABTECH booth C1722
voestalpine Bhler Welding
www.voestalpine.com/welding
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Manufacturing Universities Bill Introduced
The bipartisan Manufacturing Universities Act of 2014
has been introduced in the U.S. Senate. This legislation
would establish a program within the Commerce Depart-
ments National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) charged with designating 25 schools as Manufactur-
ing Universities. Designated schools would receive $5 mil-
lion per year for four years to meet specific goals, including
focusing engineering programs on manufacturing, building
new partnerships with manufacturing firms, growing train-
ing opportunities, and fostering manufacturing entrepre-
neurship. The program would be overseen by the director of
NIST, in coordination with the secretaries of Defense and
Energy, and the director of the National Science Foundation,
among others. The intent is to provide incentives to better
align educational offerings with the needs of modern manu-
facturers. The incentives would be used to revamp the
universities engineering programs to focus on manufactur-
ing engineering and curricula specifically related to targeted
industries.
OSHA Updates Proposed Public
Recordkeeping Regulation
In late 2013, the Occupational Safety and Health Admin-
istration (OSHA) proposed to expand its annual injury and
illness reporting requirements by mandating that employers
submit their reports on workplace injuries and illnesses to
OSHA electronically. This information would then be includ-
ed in a searchable online database. This represented a signif-
icant change in the law, since presently employer-specific
data are not readily available to the public or even to em-
ployees of a particular firm. This latter approach is believed
to encourage accurate reporting of injuries and illnesses. In
fact, OSHA is now concerned that these new proposed regu-
lations may cause employers to underreport injuries and ill-
nesses due to the increased visibility.
Therefore, OSHA has now proposed to expand the pro-
posed rule by:
requiring that employers inform their employees of
their right to report injuries and illnesses;
requiring that any injury and illness reporting require-
ments established by the employer be reasonable and not
unduly burdensome;
prohibiting employers from taking adverse action
against employees for reporting injuries and illnesses.
These new requirements were published in the Federal
Register on August 14.
Export Control Reform Efforts Continue
The Departments of State and Commerce have published
additional regulations to continue efforts to streamline U.S.
export controls on certain military items by shifting less-
sensitive equipment, parts, and components from U.S. Mu-
nitions List to the less-sensitive Commerce Control List.
These steps are part of the federal Export Control Re-
form Initiative which is designed to enhance competitive-
ness by overhauling the Cold War-era system of regulations
designed in part to update Cold War-era regulation of ex-
ports of controlled technologies. With these latest regula-
tions, 15 of the 21 categories on the Munitions List have
been successfully revised under the initiative. Work contin-
ues on the remaining categories and other efforts to mod-
ernize and harmonize the export control regulations.
Bill Introduced to Enhance Buy America
Policy in Infrastructure Projects
The Invest in American Jobs Act, introduced in the U.S.
Senate, is intended to improve Buy America preferences for
federal infrastructure programs. Specifically, this legislation
would
improve Buy America preferences for federal highway,
public transportation, rail grants, rail loans, Amtrak, and
the Federal Aviation Administration to maximize the use of
domestic steel, iron, and manufactured goods in infrastruc-
ture projects;
prevent segmentation of projects to circumvent Buy
America standards;
apply enhanced provisions to projects sponsored by se-
lect agencies, including Department of Transportation, the
Economic Development Administration, and the Federal
Emergency Management Agency.
Available Federal R&D Data Expanded
A federal government website providing access to govern-
ment information, www.data.gov, has been expanded to in-
clude data on more than 700 Federal R&D facilities that may
be utilized to research, prototype, and test new technologies
in manufacturing and other industries. These facilities, op-
erated by agencies including DOE, NASA, and NIH, repre-
sent more than $5 billion dollars of taxpayer investment.
Further expansion in the future is expected to include more
comprehensive data on other R&D assets, including federal-
ly funded intellectual property.
WASHINGTON WATCHWORD
HUGH K. WEBSTER, AWS WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OFFICE Contact the AWS Washington Government Affairs Office at 1747 Pennsylvania
Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20006; email hwebster@wcb.com; FAX (202) 8350243.
WJ
BY HUGH K. WEBSTER
For Info, go to www.aws.org/adindex See us at FABTECH booth C3045
Swift Academy Offers Welders Chance to Learn
Aluminum Welding while Earning a Salary
Swift Academy recently opened its School of Welding to
train and qualify experienced aluminum welders.
Opened by Swiftships, Morgan City, La., which con-
structs small-to-medium sized watercraft built of steel, alu-
minum, and fiberglass, the welding academy is a 6 to 8 week
course where potential company welders will be trained to
meet American Bureau of Shipping and United States Coast
Guard regulations.
Upon entering the course, students will receive a salary
based on their skill level. Lawrence Alleman, a senior certi-
fied fitter/welder, and Terry Gilmore, a senior quality assur-
ance inspector, serve as instructors. Curriculumincludes gas
metal arc welding of aluminum.
After completing the academy and qualification exam,
students will join the companys team.
Opportunities exist for individuals who have completed a
two-year welding course and welders who have a few
months to a year of aluminum welding experience.
Interested candidates may apply in person at Swiftships,
LLC, 1105 Levee Road, Morgan City, La. The first classes be-
gan on August 18, but future chances will take place for par-
ticipating in this six-person-per-class experience.
We are always looking for people; some people get certi-
fied in just a few weeks and spots open up, said Morgan
Rhoades, Swiftships marketing and public relations repre-
sentative. People should apply as soon as possible as we are
looking to hire aluminum welders. Its a strong need in our
market.
Hypertherm Announces Succession Plans
Hypertherm, Hanover, N.H., a supplier of plasma, laser,
and waterjet cutting systems, has recently announced staff
changes to take effect Jan. 1, 2015.
The current president, Evan Smith, will assume the role
of CEO from founder Dick Couch, who will retain the posi-
tions of executive chairman of the board and trustee of the
companys stock ownership plan. Smith has served in a suc-
cession of business management and executive roles since
joining Hypertherm 22 years ago.
In addition, Jenny Levy, director of corporate social re-
sponsibility, will assume the role of vice president, corporate
social responsibility, from Barbara Couch, who will retain
her roles as board director and chair of its corporate social
responsibility committee. Levy joined Hypertherm in 2004,
holding positions in sales and marketing before being
named director of environmental stewardship in 2010.
Airgas Opens New North Dakota Location
for Servicing Bakken Shale Oil Region
Airgas, Inc., Radnor, Pa., has opened a new location in
Dickinson, N.Dak., enhancing its local product and service
capabilities for users in the Bakken shale oil region. This oil
formation is positioned in western North Dakota and east-
ern Montana, plus extends into Canada.
Our comprehensive product and service offering is tai-
lored to meet the unique needs of customers in the energy
industry, particularly in oilfield logistics and operations,
well completions and production, and pipeline construction
and maintenance, as well as customers involved in the fabri-
cation of metal components and structures that are a critical
part of the energy sector value chain, said Airgas President
and CEO Michael L. Molinini.
Patrick Henry Community College to Upgrade
Welding Technologies
Welding virtually and robotically are two new technolo-
gies coming to the welding shop at Patrick Henry Communi-
ty College, Martinsville, Va.
A report prepared for the Commonwealth Center for Ad-
vanced Manufacturing by the Boston Consulting Group re-
sulted in a Centers of Excellence grant, which will help fund
costs for the colleges welding upgrades.
A proposal that includes Patrick Henry, Danville Commu-
nity College, New College Institute, and the Institute for Ad-
vanced Learning and Research outlines Patrick Henry as the
lead provider in welding training. It also includes virtual and
robotic welding equipment to total $230,000, with addition-
al costs for faculty training at $20,000 and a renovation of
the colleges existing welding lab at $100,000.
Dr. Angeline Godwin, Patrick Henrys president, added
the grant has been awarded but funds are yet to be dis-
persed. She anticipates funding this fall.
PRESS TIME NEWS
WJ
Welding student Brady Bray tacks together test plates.
Evan Smith Jenny Levy
See us at FABTECH booth B1903
Canadian College Receives Funding for
Additional Training Spaces
Northern Lights College (NLC), Dawson Creek, British
Columbia (B.C.), Canada, recently announced it will receive
funding for an
additional 75 training
spaces to increase ac-
cess and help reduce
wait lists for trades
critical to the liquefied
natural gas (LNG) in-
dustry and in-demand
trades, as part of B.Cs
Skills for Jobs
Blueprint.
The allocation is
part of the $6.8
million recently
announced to create
1424 foundation and
apprenticeship seats
at 14 public postsecondary institutions through British Co-
lumbia. NCL will receive a total of $438,000 including
$226,000 for the additional training spaces and $212,000 in
operating and minor equipment funding such as tools,
safety gear, and rods and gas for welding to support delivery
programs. The 75 spaces will include 32 electrical
apprenticeship, 16 welder foundation, and 27 welder
apprenticeship seats.
This generous funding provided by the Ministry of Ad-
vanced Education will allow Northern Lights College to pro-
vide more of the high-demand trades training that is
required by the growing labor demand in northeast British
Columbia, said Laurie Rancourt, NLC president. The
government announced an initial $6.6 million for critical
trades seats as part of B.C.s Skills for Jobs Blueprint. One
million job openings are expected in B.C. by 2022, with 43%
requiring college education or apprenticeship training.
Fine Tubes Contracted for Egina and
Solar Orbiter Projects
Fine Tubes, Plymouth, Devon, UK, a manufacturer of
precision tubes for
critical applications,
announced that it
has been awarded a
major order by FMC
Technologies for the
supply of advanced
tubing for Total Up-
stream Nigeria Lim-
iteds offshore Egina
project.
Located 150 km
off the coast of Nige-
ria at a depth of
1750 m, the Egina
oil field is estimated
to reach a peak production rate of 150,000 barrels per day
and covers an area of around 500 m
2
. FMC Technologies is
providing Total Upstream Nigeria all the subsea production
systems, and Fine Tubes will supply FMC with significant
volumes of seamless instrumentation tubing for the control,
hydraulic, and injection lines required for the subsea mani-
folds.
In related news, Fine Tubes has also been selected to sup-
ply tubing for the chemical propulsion system of the Solar
Orbiter project, a European Space Agency project that will
investigate how the sun creates and controls the
heliosphere. Contracted by OHB Sweden, Fine Tubes will be
manufacturing Grade 2 titanium tubing.
The challenging environment in which these tubes must
operate necessitates traditional manufacturing processes be
improved to meet the demanding technical requirements,
said Paul Mallet, aerospace business development manager,
Fine Tubes. At Fine Tubes, we are proud of our flexibility in
adapting to new specification requirements and of our role
in enabling such exciting projects to take place.
Pilot Welding Academy to Train 30 in
Specialized Welding Fields
Dr. Stephen
Farry, Employment
and Learning minis-
ter in the Northern
Ireland Executive, re-
cently announced a
new pilot welding
academy to address
specialist welding
needs for Harland
and Wolff, Belfast,
Northern Ireland, an
industrial company
specializing in ship-
building and
offshore
construction. The
project is supported
by the Department
for Employment and
Learnings Skills Solutions Service with training delivered by
Belfast Metropolitan College and Northern Regional
College.
The initiative will be aimed at unemployed people with a
background in welding to provide training in modern tech-
niques. The program will ensure that one of Northern Ire-
lands most well known employers will be able to access a
high-quality, high-caliber, and highly skilled pool of
welders, said Farry. Looking forward, this improves the
overall skillset in our workforce significantly and will help to
ensure that other Northern Ireland employers can also draw
on this expertise and help them to remain competitive in a
demanding global economy.
The program, which will select the best 30 candidates
from those who pass a trade test, will last approximately six
to eight weeks.
INTERNATIONAL UPDATE
WJ
NLC is receiving funding to add 37
electrical apprenticeship, 16 welder
foundation, and 27 welder appren
ticeship spaces.
Dr. Stephen Farry (left) with Robert
J. Cooper, chief executive, Harland
and Wolff, announcing the new pilot
welding academy. (Photo courtesy of
Northern Ireland Executives Face-
book page.)
Fine Tubes will supply tubing for the
chemical propulsion system of the
Solar Orbiter project, which will fly to
within 45 million km of the sun and
image the solar poles for the first
time.
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Piping Professionals Union, Washtenaw
Community College Sign 15Year
Contract Extension
During a recent ceremony celebrating the 25-year part-
nership between the United Association of Plumbers, Pipe-
fitters, Sprinklerfitters, Welders, and HVACR Technicians
(UA) and Washtenaw Community College (WCC), Ann Ar-
bor, Mich., the parties signed a 15-year contract extension.
Attendees included UA General President William P. Hite,
UA Director of Training Chris Haslinger, and WCC President
Rose Bellanca.
We have asked everyone to join us as we celebrate the
signing of our new agreement with WCCan agreement
that will allow our annual Instructor Training Program to
continue here for the next 15 years, Haslinger said.
Every summer, instructors from across North America as
well as Australia come to the college to pursue certification
as instructors of UA apprentices and journeymen. The pro-
gram benefits the Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti metro area by
bringing revenue into the community.
The UA maintains a full-time, year-round presence at
WCC with full-time staff through its Great Lakes Regional
Training Center. Members of its local unions from all across
the United States come there for training throughout the
year. This facility includes classroom and auditorium space
along with hands-on labs and workshops.
We are also here to celebrate the installation of a new
microturbine project done jointly between our two organiza-
tions, Haslinger said at the event.
GEM Energy, Walbrige, Ohio, recently designed and built
the colleges first combined cooling, heating, and power sys-
tem, plus donated another microturbine to train future en-
ergy professionals at the Great Lakes facility. In addition,
the company donated a Capstone C30 microturbine for the
UAs training program at the college.
Our partnership with Washtenaw Community College
NEWS OF THE INDUSTRY
For more than six decades, the United Association has been
training instructors to pass on the skills of piping trades to
generations of journeymen and women.
has been one of the most successful relationships in the his-
tory of the UA, Hite concluded. When we made our deci-
sion to relocate our program here 25 years ago, none of us
could have known just how well it would work out...we ap-
preciate your support and we look forward to our continued
strong and enduring partnership.
Two STEM Education Efforts Announced
Lockheed Martin has donated $200,000 to Project Lead
the Way for implementing its science, technology, engineer-
ing, and math (STEM) curriculum in all of the 26 elemen-
tary schools in Alabamas Huntsville City School System.
The grant makes Huntsville City Schools the largest school
district in Alabama that has implemented this project in all
of its elementary, middle, and high schools.
In addition, more than 52 elementary school teachers in
the 26 elementary schools attended this projects profes-
sional development training earlier this summer.
The first phase of Praxair, Inc.s Skills Pipeline program
will provide more than $300,000 to train 100 new welders
in an accelerated one-year curriculum in Louisiana.
Funded by Praxairs Global Giving Program, and conduct-
ed in cooperation with the Louisiana Community and Tech-
nical College System, it will be offered through the Baton
Rouge, Delgado, and SOWELA Technical Community Col-
leges. The program also provides funding for new instruc-
torships and professional development opportunities for ex-
isting welders.
The state of Louisiana has more than $60 billion in new
plant construction slated to begin by 2016 and the need for
skilled welding professionals is urgent, said Louisiana
House Speaker Chuck Kleckley.
The scholarships will provide students access to an accel-
erated AWS SENSE curriculum and career-readiness content
from Praxair.
Gullco Celebrates 60 Years in Operation
On July 14, Gullco International Ltd. (www.gullco.com)
celebrated its 60th anniversary. The company has come a
The companys booth is shown during SCHWEISSEN & SCHNEI
DEN at Messe Essen held in Germany last year. This represented
its 15th time exhibiting at the international show thats held
every four years.
For info, go to www.aws.org/adindex
long way from its small beginnings in Ontario, Canada.
Still family owned, it has grown from employing six peo-
ple to more than 100 men and women in more than eight
countries with customers in more than 80 countries. Featur-
ing a background in research and development, Gullco con-
tinues to produce welding and cutting automation systems.
The company has also expanded into a global business and
will continue to pursue its goals of providing North Ameri-
can-made quality automation systems.
Eastern Florida State College and NASA
Partner for Welding Training
Eastern Florida State College (EFSC), Cocoa, Fla., and
NASA Rocket U have partnered to provide Kennedy Space
Center engineers with a one-week comprehensive welding
technology training workshop.
Ken Cox, associate professor of welding technology at the
college, and Tom Merry, welding technology lab specialist,
guided the students. Instruction included basic welding
techniques; metallurgy fundamentals; shielded metal arc,
gas tungsten arc, and gas metal arc welding applications;
plus grinding functions.
Rocket U was developed to help civil service and contrac-
tor engineers expand their skill set in flight systems engi-
neering and learn to better manage design programs. The
insight into welding techniques allows engineers to commu-
nicate more effectively with front-line welders.
To date, EFSC Corporate Services and NASA Rocket U
have facilitated three workshops covering classroom theory
and hands-on lab exercises for more than 45 professionals.
The most recent session took place this summer, and they
hope to conduct future sessions.
ABB Completes New Construction and
Facilities Renovation in Wisconsin
The ribbon cuttings at both ABBs new office facility on
Discovery Parkway, Wauwatosa, Wis., and the office/manu-
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facturing site on Glendale Ave., New Berlin, Wis., marked
completion of the buildings. Construction and renovation
began in April 2013 and nearly all of the 725 employees who
work at the ABB Southeastern Wisconsin sites were present.
The white, three-story building at the Discovery site fea-
tures ABB logos on all four sides and sits on the highest
promontory in Wauwatosa, noted Aaron Aleithe, general
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Shown cutting the ribbon at ABBs office facility in Wauwatosa,
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controls; and Greg Scheu, region manager, NAM.
continued from page 20
NEWS OF THE INDUSTRY
cility, logged 50,000 h of construction with zero lost-time
accidents, according to Aleithe.
Additionally, at both facilities, a wrap of fenestration
around the buildings allows sunlight to reach interior spaces.
The building at Discovery Parkway is Silver LEED certi-
fied, contains ABB drives/controls throughout the HVAC
system, and features acoustic tile that creates a quiet work
environment. At Glendale Blvd., renovations included ex-
panding capacity on the manufacturing floor; adding new
offices and conference rooms; plus increasing the training
rooms. ABB engineers also designed a Class 100 Clean Oper-
ating HVAC Room.
Joliet Junior Colleges Welding Program
Prepares Students to Fill Welder Jobs
Thanks to funding from a Trade Adjustment Assistance
Community College and Career Training Grant, Joliet Jun-
ior College, Joliet, Ill., received in 2012, the programs facili-
ties and equipment underwent upgrades and expansions
last year. It received the grant as one of 21 Illinois communi-
ty colleges in an education consortium, the Illinois Network
for Advanced Manufacturing.
Today, the program features 18 individual welding
booths, doubling previous capacity; includes booths for
practicing oxyfuel and gas tungsten arc welding; has a new
ventilation system and an upgraded 110-V electrical system;
plus the grant allowed purchase of virtual welding machines.
Our welding lab is now a utopia learning environment
for our students, said Industrial Welding Technology In-
structor Greg Foster. They are absolutely learning the vari-
ety of skills they will need to achieve a good welding career.
In addition, starting this fall, the program will offer six
new specialized welding certificates of completion. Students
can earn these while simultaneously pursuing the industrial
welding technology AAS degree. The program also changed
to a full academic 16-week schedule.
Interest in welding has grown, and from spring 2013 to
2014, enrollment grew 100%. We had 258 students in
spring 2014, said Foster. Students are starting to realize
The welding lab at Joliet Junior College has been expanded and
upgraded. Pictured is 2014 welding graduate Dawana Griffin.
that there is a very bright future in welding.
Graduate Dawana Griffin, 27, said the program prepared
her well for a welding career and she is grateful to have had
professors who challenged her along with coursework de-
signed to provide real-world experiences. She graduated in
May 2014 with an associates degree in industrial welding
technology, and a certificate of achievement in welding and
metal fabrication. The first female African-American gradu-
ate of the colleges welding program said she would love to
see more women and minorities pursue careers in the trades.
Industry Notes
Te Texas Comptrollers Ofce has approved a $336,090
grant to fund equipment for Weatherford Colleges weld-
ing program. Te Jobs and Education for Texas grant pro-
gram supports high-demand career and technical education
programs in Texas public community colleges. Te following
will be purchased: another welding simulator; machines for
robotic welding, milling, and sanding; plasma beds.
Rolled Alloys, Houston, Tex., has expanded processing ca-
pabilities at its 80,000-sq-ft service center. A new Behringer
HBM-540 complements existing bar saws, a new racking
system, and expanded inventory/grades. Also, the compa-
nys division in Los Angeles, Calif., has achieved AS9120A
certifcation on Quality Management System Requirements
for Aviation, Space and Defense Suppliers.
Sciaky, Inc., Chicago, Ill., has received a purchase order
from a major aerospace parts maker to provide an electron
beam additive manufacturing system that will help save
time and cost on producing large, high-value metal parts.
Te welding department at Manatee Technical Insti-
tute, Bradenton, Fla., has earned AWS Accredited Test Fa-
cility status. Companies in the region who need welders
qualifed to meet contract requirements can now do so local-
ly. Also, Air Products Plant Manager Mark Evans recently
visited and brought two checks totaling $3000 representing
program support for 2014. Te school has been training
welders for the company for about a year. Tis money will be
used to fund scholarships to students with fnancial need to
purchase required welding gear.
MISTRAS Group, Inc., Princeton Junction, N.J., was
awarded a multiyear contract for providing feet radiography
services to Southern Nuclear. It includes, but is not limit-
ed to, balance of plant, fow accelerated corrosion programs,
in-service, and vendor location inspection services.
ESAB Welding & Cutting Products, Florence, S.C., has
achieved ISO 9001, ISO 14001, and OHSAS 18001 recertif-
cation for its quality, environmental, and occupational
health and safety management systems. Tis triple distinc-
tion covers all ESAB activities, people, and units worldwide.
Washington State Community College, Marietta, Ohio,
has built a new welding lab and developed a new welding
program to meet local shale and industry demands. Te one-
year welding certifcate includes shielded metal arc, gas met-
al arc, gas tungsten arc, and plate/pipe welding as well as
setup techniques. Earning AWS certifcations will also be
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available to students. Josh Horner, a member of Boiler-
makers 667, is the welding instructor.
United Performance Metals has increased nickel plate
product inventory and added processing capabilities, includ-
ing a plate shear and high-defnition plasma table, at its
Houston, Tex., facility.
Viva Motorsports, El Paso, Tex., will be using the new
Fronius AccuPocket portable welding machine for mobile
repairs throughout the remainder of the 2014 race season.
Additional equipment will also be on hand to support the
race crew. Te #55 Chevrolet displayed the Fronius logo be-
ginning with the Aarons 312 at Talladega Superspeedway.
Administration, staf, and supporters at Mayland Com-
munity College recently gathered to cut a ribbon dedicat-
ing the Glenn and Carol Arthur Welding Lab at its Avery
Learning Center in Newland, N.C. A new feature there is a
welding simulator purchased with support by a grant from
the Piedmont Natural Gas Foundation.
To customize a Clean Air fume extraction gun, Bernard,
Beecher, Ill., ofers an online confgurator at BernardWelds.
com/ConfgureMyGun. Trough a step-by-step process, users
may choose each component. When complete, a specifc part
number and summary are provided.
Fischer Technology, Inc., Windsor, Conn., has achieved
accreditation to ISO/IEC 17025:2005 by the American As-
sociation of Accreditation Laboratories. It can ofer ISO
17025 certifcations for flm thickness instruments and
standards for eddy current, magnetic induction, X-ray fuo-
rescence, coulometric, and beta backscatter applications;
electrical conductivity instruments and standards for eddy
current comparison; ferrite number instruments and stan-
dards; and nanoindentation instruments/standards.
Te new Highland Community College Western Cen-
ter, Baileyville, Kan., has received notice it was awarded
funding through a grant from the federal Perkins Reserve
Fund to establish the Industrial Welding Program. Tose
funds are being used to acquire welding equipment. Also,
the center is part of the Kansas AO-K grant program in the
Highland Technical Center, Atchison, Kan., and welding
is one of the focus technical programs in that grant.
E. H. Wachs has moved its Houston sales, service, and
rental location to 3414 Lilac Unit E in Pasadena, Tex. Its
closer for industrial users in the oil/gas market and refner-
ies in the shipping channel in the area. Tis facility sells,
services, and rents equipment for pipe cutting/beveling.
Earlier this year, Airgas Nor Pac hosted its annual sales
management meeting at the Kahneeta Resort in Warm
Springs, Ore., where more than 100 company sales man-
agers and support persons met to review the previous years
results and attend workshops. Representatives from Bug-O
Systems, one of 12 invitation-only guests at the two-day
event, showcased products at its booth and trailer.

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North American Robotics Market
Posts Its Best Quarter
The North American robotics industry is off to its fastest
start ever in 2014, according to new statistics from the Ro-
botic Industries Association (RIA), Ann Arbor, Mich.
A record 14,135 robots, valued at $788 million, were or-
dered from North American robotics companies in the first
half of 2014. This represents an increase of 30% in units
and 16% in revenue vs. the same period in 2013.
The second quarter of 2014 was also the main driver of
the markets record first half with 8197 robots valued at
$450 million sold to North American customers.
Since 2010, the robotics market in North America has
grown an average of 26% per year. Simultaneously, the U.S.
unemployment rate has fallen. Manufacturing jobs are now
returning to the United States because of automation as well.
While we often hear that robots are job killers, just the
opposite is true, said Jeff Burnstein, president of RIA. Ro-
bots save and create jobs.
Element Opens $5 Million Oil and Gas
Materials Technology Center
Element Materials Technology has recently opened an
Oil and Gas Materials Technology Center in Houston, Tex.
Representing the companys largest ever single site invest-
ment in capabilities, this lab represents a total investment
in excess of $5 million.
Officially launched by Elements President and CEO,
Charles Noall, an event was attended by many clients includ-
ing Baker Hughes, BP, Exxon Mobil, Chevron, Serimax, and
Technip. Vallourecs North American Managing Director,
Skip Herald, also gave a keynote speech.
The center features fracture mechanics and engineering
critical assessment, nondestructive examination (NDE), and
corrosion testing across many metal alloys, thermoplastics,
composites, and elastomers.
Located on a 5.3-acre campus adjacent to the Houston
energy corridor, the sites testing facilities, technology, and
design offer extended capabilities. In addition, a new poly-
mers facility has been developed in collaboration with the
State of Texas Governors Office and Emerging Technology
Fund promoting collaboration with Texas A&M University.
Encompassing a main facility of 40,000-sq-ft housing, all
core testing capabilities plus an expanded 15,000-sq-ft facil-
ity for onsite NDE, the center delivers a 50% increase in
testing capacity over Elements previous lab in the city. Its
staffed by 95 personnel and new equipment includes electri-
cal discharge machining, water jets, four servohydraulic ma-
chines for fracture mechanics, and a high-pressure, high-
temperature lab for sweet and sour exposures to metal/
polymeric materials.
Aerojet Rocketdyne Awarded Defense Contract
Aerojet Rocketdyne, Sacramento, Calif., has been award-
ed a contract by Wright-Patterson Air Force Base through
the Defense Production Act Title III Office for large-scale ad-
ditive manufacturing development and demonstration.
The company and its subcontractors will design and de-
velop larger scale parts to be converted from conventional
manufacturing to additive manufacturing (3D printing).
We have developed and successfully demonstrated addi-
tive-manufactured hardware over the last four years but the
machines have been limited in size to 10-inch cubes, said
Steve Bouley, vice president of Space Launch Systems at
Aerojet Rocketdyne. These next-generation systems are
about six times larger, enabling more options for our rocket
engine components.
Also, the company will demonstrate three different alloys
with these larger additive manufacturing machines to in-
clude nickel, copper, and aluminum alloys. Parts ranging
from large ducts to heat exchangers are planned to be
demonstrated in full scale.
Manufacturing Skill Standards Council Wins
National Program Workforce Award
Under its Talented Workforce Initiative, the Great Lakes
Manufacturing Council recently announced the Manufactur-
ing Skill Standards Council was selected as the Best U.S. Na-
tional Program for workforce development. An awards cere-
mony took place during the annual Big M conference at the
Cobo Convention Center in Detroit, Mich.
The council created this initiative to identify the most
imaginative and effective solutions for building the regions
pool of manufacturing talent.
Recent Acquisitions
Sparton Corp., Schaumburg, Ill., announced its wholly
owned subsidiary, Sparton eMT, LLC, has acquired
Electronic Manufacturing Technology, LLC, Irvine, Calif., a
$25 million revenue business, in an all-cash transaction.
Linde LLC, Murray Hill, N.J., has signed a contract to sup-
ply liquid oxygen, nitrogen, and argon to Conroe Welding
Supply, Inc., an independent distributor in Conroe, Tex.
Durable Mecco, Worcester, Mass., a manufacturer of indus-
trial marking equipment, has acquired the steel stamp divi-
sion of Stamp-Rite Supersine, Inc., Lansing, Mich.
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Arc Plasma Research
Garners Interest
This letter is in reference to the paper pub
lished in the Welding Research Supplement
titled Separation of Arc Plasma and Cur
rent in Electrical Arc An Initial Study, by
S. J. Chen, F. Jiang, Y. S. Lu, and Y. M. Zhang
in the Welding Journals July 2014 maga
zine (pages 253s to 261s).
I enjoyed reading this interesting
and well-written article. It reminded
me of work that was published in the
Welding Journal and Welding Handbook
back in the 1960s.
The Welding Handbook, Chapter 53,
Plasma Welding, Fifth Edition, page
53.3, Fig. 53.1, clearly shows a non-
transferred arc with separated arc
plasma. The Sixth Edition of the hand-
book, Chapter 54, plasma arc welding,
Fig. 54.4, shows a redrawn version of
that Fig. 53.1. The redrawn figure still
shows a separated arc plasma.
In the Welding Handbook, Seventh
Edition, Vol. 2, Chapter 9, Fig. 9.4, the
original Fig. 53.1 was once again re-
drawn. This time it was incorrectly re-
drawn and has been incorrect ever
since. It shows the plasma portion of
the system originating from the face
of the constricting nozzle instead of
from the electrode as in the original
Fig. 53.1. This error should be cor-
rected in the next Welding Handbook
edition.
The 1966 Welding Journal, Vol. 45,
No. 11, pages 899908, by E. F. Gor-
man, G. M. Skinner, and D. M. Yenni,
Plasma Needle Arc for Very Low Cur-
rent Work, shows a correctly drawn
stylized version of the same Fig. 53.1.
An article reprint by Linde clearly
shows a nontransferred separated
plasma see Fig. 1.
Perhaps the authors of this excellent
2014 article will find my commentary
helpful in their future investigations.
August F. Manz, AWS Fellow
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram showing major differences in gas tungsten arc, transferred
plasma arc, and nontransferred plasma arc processes.
2014
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1. Which of the following American
landmarks, built in 1884, has an alu
minum pyramid cap on its top?
A Lincoln Memorial
B Washington Monument
C Jefferson Memorial
D Benjamin Franklin Memorial
2. In what year was the filler metal
Alloy 4043A registered with the Alu
minum Association?
A There is no such aluminum filler
metal alloy.
B 1954
C 1976
D 1981
3. Which of the following alu
minum alloys has been cooled from
an elevated temperature shaping
process (not cold worked after cool
ing) and naturally aged to a substan
tially stable condition?
A 6463-T1
B 6063-T2
C 6351-T4
D 6063-T5
E 6061-T6
4. In accordance with the require
ments of AWS D1.2/D1.2M:2008,
Structural Welding Code
Aluminum, what is the bending
diameter to be used for base Alloys
7005 and 2219 when conducting a
guided bend test?
A 6t
B 8t
C 10t +
1
8 in.
D It is different for each alloy.
Structural Welding Code Aluminum,
what is the minimum tensile strength
required when conducting a reduced
section tension test on Alclad 3003
H112 tube
1
2 in. thick?
A 11 ksi
B 14 ksi
C 15 ksi
D 13 ksi
6. Which of the listed aluminum
filler metal classifications would be
the most appropriate to weld a 5052
base metal that is going to be used in
a service environment with a sus
tained elevated temperature of
250F?
A ER5356
B ER4043
C ER5556
D ER5183
7. What would be the most appro
priate aluminum filler metal to weld a
6061T6 base metal that 1) is going to
be clear coat anodized after welding,
2) is required to be a good color
match with the base metal after an
odizing, and 3) will be going into a
service environment with a sustained
elevated temperature of 270F?
A ER5356
B ER4043
C ER6061
D ER5554
8. What is the minimumultimate
tensile strength of 7075T651 plate in
1
2 in. thickness as specified in the Alu
minum Associations Aluminum Stan
dards and Data 2013?
A 78 ksi
B 82 ksi
C 94 ksi
D 100 ksi
ALUMINUM Q&A
Q: Last year, in my October column, there was a short quiz on aluminum
welding issues. It was very well received lots of people participated, many
positive comments came through, and prizes were won. So, I have put to
gether another quiz providing readers an opportunity to once more test their
knowledge of aluminum and aluminum welding technology.
To enter, email me at tony.anderson@millerwelds.comby October 25 and
list the question numbers along with the letter of your answers. All respon
dents with the correct answers will be eligible for prizes. There is only one
correct answer to each question.
Out of the accurate entries received, 10 will be randomly selected to win a
signed copy of the AWS publication, Welding Aluminum Questions and An
swers (2nd edition), along with their choice of a golf shirt (in small, medium,
large, XL, 2XL, and 3XL) or a leather welding jacket (in small, medium, large,
XL, 2XL, 3XL, 4XL, and 5XL) Fig. 1.
In addition, to make the process easier if you win, provide your name,
mailing address, clothing choice (golf shirt or leather welding jacket), and size
in your email.
The answers to these questions will be published in the December 2014
Aluminum Q&A column along with the names of the winners. Best of luck!
BY TONY ANDERSON
Fig. 1 All 10 winners will receive a signed copy of Welding Aluminum Questions and
Answers plus their choice of a golf shirt or a leather welding jacket.
9. What is the typical ultimate ten
sile strength of 7075T651 plate at
75F and 320F, respectively, as spec
ified in the Aluminum Associations
Aluminum Standards and Data 2013?
A 70 and 65 ksi
B 73 and 60 ksi
C 83 and 102 ksi
D 75 and 55 ksi
Structural Welding Code Alu
minum, temporary backing made of
copper shall not be used if
A It is more than 1 in. wide.
B The weld joint has a
1
32-in. open-
ing or larger.
C It is less than 99.97% pure
copper.
D The weld joint has a root opening
less than
1
32 in.
Structural Welding Code Alu
minum, the use of antispatter com
pound is prohibited unless
A It is hydrogen free.
B It is applied more than 1 in. away
from the welded joint.
C Approved by the engineer.
D Specified by the welding
inspector.
12. Gas tungsten arc welding direct
current electrode negative with pure
helium shielding gas is seldom used to
weld aluminum, but when it is used,
welds would typically have which of
the following characteristics?
A Good cleaning action
B Deep and narrow penetration but
no cleaning action
C Very low heat input
D Shallow and wide penetration for
very thin sheet welding.
TONY ANDERSON is director of aluminum
technology, ITW Welding North America. He
is a Fellow of the British Welding Institute
(TWI), a Registered Chartered Engineer with
the British Engineering Council, and holds
numerous positions on AWS technical com
mittees. He is chairman of the Aluminum As
sociation Technical Advisory Committee for
Welding and author of the book Welding
Aluminum Questions and Answers currently
available from the AWS. Questions may be
sent to Mr. Anderson c/o Welding Journal,
8669 NW 36th St., #130, Miami, FL 33166
6672; tony.anderson@millerwelds.com.
WJ
A: Most brazing shops will occasional-
ly be given rush jobs by their good cus-
tomers and they do the best they can
to comply; however, no brazer wants to
risk losing a good customer by deliver-
ing a poor-quality product.
Lets suppose your vacuum brazing
furnace has just completed a series of
cycles that has left it contaminated.
You were preparing to take the furnace
out of service for the next day or two
for maintenance including hand clean-
ing, vacuuming, a high-temperature
burn-out cycle, etc, then a customer
shows up with a hot job that must be
done right away.
The customers assembly consists of
some components made from 316L
stainless steel and others from a
titanium alloy. These base met-
als should be brazed in a thor-
oughly clean and leak-tight fur-
nace. What to do?
Should you attempt to braze
the assembly in the dirty furnace
and risk an unsatisfactory braze
or just tell the customer you can-
not do the rush job that day? I
propose you enclose the assem-
bly inside of a protective box
before placing it into the dirty
furnace to ensure it will braze
well.
Boxing an assembly prior to
the brazing run is a simple tech-
nique that more shops should
use. Heres how to do it. Prior to
brazing, place the parts inside of a foil
box that is easily constructed by hand
specifically for those parts. The foil box
shields the parts so they effectively
braze inside their own pristine mini-
furnace chamber. The foil box is usual-
ly used only once, for a particular as-
sembly for one furnace run.
In my brazing shops, we kept rolls
of titanium foil and stainless foil on
hand just for this purpose. The titani-
um foil may be either pure titanium
or a titanium alloy both types work
well. Similarly, the stainless steel foil
may be made from any one of a
number of different alloys. A regular
grade stainless steel foil works well.
Using a low-carbon L-grade foil is not
necessary.
BRAZING Q&A
BY DAN KAY
Q: What should we do when a
customer has a critical hot job
that he wants brazed immediately
and cannot wait for us to properly
clean the furnace and run the nec
essary leak checks? How can we
make a good braze when the fur
nace isnt ready?
PIPE WELDERS... PURGE PROBLEMS?
INTERPURGE... IS YOUR SOLUTION!
QUICK & ACCURATE
PIPE ALIGNMENT
PURGE MONITORS
(OXYGEN TO 1PPM)
PURGE 2-3 MINUTES!
DAMS FOR ALL SIZES
ASSORTED PURGE
KITS AVAILABLE
PERFECT PURGING = HIGH QUALITY WELDS
WHY SETTLE FOR THIS?
316L Stainless w/ Argon Purge @ 250ppm Oxygen Level
WHEN YOU CAN HAVE THIS!
316L Stainless w/ Argon Purge @ 12ppm Oxygen Level
NOTE: 1% Oxygen in Atmosphere is 2,094.6 ppm!
Fig. 1 Making the base of the box to hold com
ponents for brazing.
For info, go to www.aws.org/adindex See us at FABTECH booth C959
When a customer gave us a very
sensitive part that needed to be brazed
right away, we did not delay brazing
that component until after the furnace
was cleaned. Instead, we placed the
component on some thin, clean alumi-
na-ceramic sheet, which we then
placed on top of some thin titanium or
stainless steel foil. We then cut some
short slits in the foil to allow the foil to
be folded up to form a box around the
component taking care the compo-
nent did not touch any of the foil. Fig-
ure 1 illustrates how this is
done.
Once two walls are fold-
ed up, then the side walls
can be folded up into place
and the extra foil length
folded around the box to
ensure there are no open
seams to the outside.
Everything is merely bent
over, crimped, etc., using
pliers, metal shears, and
other standard tools, so
that the box can be made
quickly and easily by hand
right there in the shop.
The walls of the box
formed in this manner
should be tall enough so that the sides
of the box are higher than the top of
the part to be brazed. Then, take an-
other piece of the metal foil to make a
loosely fitting cover which is simply
laid on top of the box. Fold the edges
of the cover down so that there is ab-
solutely no line-of-sight into the box.
Figure 2 illustrates how this is done.
Note: use thinner foils to make these
boxes, they are much easier to work
with. Keep the foils clean and stored
where they will stay clean and not oxi-
dize. Always handle the foils with clean
gloves and use clean tools to construct
the box and for placing the compo-
nents inside it.
During the brazing cycle, the out-
side of the box serves as a getter. It
catches the outgas products in the larg-
er furnace chamber atmosphere that
would normally condense onto or coat
the parts being brazed. But the foil box
can quite effectively prevent those con-
taminants from reaching the assembly
protected inside. When the cycle is
over and the box is removed from the
furnace, the outside of the box may ap-
pear very dark and discolored. Howev-
er, when the lid is carefully removed,
the components inside the box should
be pristine clean and nicely brazed.
DAN KAY (dan.kay@kaybrazing.com),
is an advisor to the C3 Committee on Brazing
and Soldering. Kay has contributed to the 5th
edition of AWS Brazing Handbook. He has
more than 40 years of experience in the in
dustry, and operates his own brazing training
and consulting business.
Post your questions for use in this column
on the Brazing Forum section of the BSMC
website www.brazingandsoldering.com.
WJ
Fig. 2 Placing the cover onto the box to protect boxed
contents.
Work Wear Sports
Reflective Trim
A line of flame-resistant (FR), en-
hanced visibility uniforms features re-
flective trim to improve worker safety
in many industries, including welding,
manufacturing, petroleum refining,
and electric or gas utility. The work
wear assortment also protects workers
from arc flash, flash fire, combustible
dust, or molten metal while offering
greater visibility in low-light condi-
tions. The line consists of pants, shirts,
coveralls, and jackets in UltraSoft and
GlenGuard FR fabric options.
G&K Services, Inc.
www.gkservices.com
(800) 4522737
Machine Cuts Pipes, Flat
Plate Profiles
The Multi-Profile Cutting Machine
can be configured to cut many profile
shapes. It offers three basic flexible
machine configurations to cut pipes,
box sections, or profiles from bar flat
stock. In addition, the product can be
programmed using the companys
manual data input and/or ProCAD
software. The companys ProGRAM
software provides a direct link from
independent workstations to the cut-
ting machine, which in turn provides
basic programming of end cuts to
complete part design and program-
ming of all necessary machine cuts.
HGG Profiling Equipment
www.hgggroup.com
(330) 4616855
Arc Process Enables
More Efficient Welding
Four arc variants for the TPS/i
GMAW platform have been intro-
duced. The characteristics for LSC
PRODUCT & PRINT SPOTLIGHT

P.O. BOX 218 STEVENSVILLE, MICHIGAN 49127
PHONE: 269/465-5750 FAX: 269/465-6385
E-mail: info@galgage.com
Website: www.galgage.com
Visa & Mastercard Accepted

ADJUSTABLE
WELD GA
CAT AT. NO. 3
For equal
AUTOW. W.S. TYPE GAGE
CAT AT. NO. 6
To To Check the Permissible
To Tolerance of Convexity With the

ABLE FILLET
AG AGES
and unequal

VARIOUS
AND ALIGNMENT
AVAILABLE
CAT AT. NO.
Single Purpose
CAT AT. NO.
V-WAC
Also custom
on request.

ARIOUS OTHER WELDING
ALIGNMENT DEVICES
AILABLE
NO. 2
Purpose HI-LO Gage
NO. 5
Underc rcut Gage
custom gages manufactured
request.

legged llet
Measures
sizes plus
CAMBRIDGE
CAT AT. NO.
Angle of
Excess
Depth
Depth
Fillet W
new, improved Auto Weld Size
gage you can meet specication
for butt and llet type welds.
Redesigned gage is pocket size,
easy to use and has thumb screw
adjustment replacing old, hard
to operate rivet. Automatically
shown convexity and concavity
sizes have been predetermined
in accordance with American
Welding Society D1.1

SKEW-T WELD
GAGE/CALCULAT ATOR
CAT AT. T. NO. 9
Replaces all other sets of gages
llet welds
15 different weld
plus throat thickeness
CAMBRIDGETYPE GAG
4
of Preparation
Excess Weld Metal
of Undercut
of Pitting
Weld Throat Size
APPR

ROVED BY AAR
HI-LO
WELDING
CAT AT. NO. 1
For internal misalign in

77 P. P. PC. C FILLET FILLET TTYYPE PE GGAAGE
Accurate
GE
GAG AGES
in pipe

A
Fillet W
Fillet W
Outside
W. W.T. T.P. P.S. TYPE GAGE
Measures .010 inch deep
undercut
CAT AT. NO. 7
TOLERANCES +.0005 inches
Structural Welding Code D1.1,
Underrcut shall be no more than
.010 inches (.25mm) deep when
the weld is transverse to the
primary stress in the part that is
undercut.

used to measure llet or groove
welds in skewed members at 90
O
Handy compilation of math -
ematical relationships between leg
length, throats, skew angles and
inspection dimensions.
ALL GAGES AVAILABLE IN METRIC
Weld Throat Size
Weld Length
Outside Misalignment

C OR STANDARD SOME ARE BOTH
P. P.O. BOX 218 STEVENSVILLE, MICHIGAN
PHONE: 269/465-5750 FAX: 269/465-6385
E-mail: info@galgage.com
Website: www.galgage.com
Visa & Mastercard
For internal misalign in
welds in addition to 6
cal, required measurements.
Patent No. 3,869,801
Accepted

H
MICHIGAN 49127
269/465-6385
CAT AT. T. NO. 8
ALL EDGES DEBURRED
ALL LETTERS AND CHARACTERS
LASER ETCHED
HANDY POCKET CASE
The G.A.L. Fillet Weld gage allows
fast, accurate measurement of 11
llet weld sizes: 1/8, 3/16, 1/4, 5/16,
3/8, 7/16, 1/2, 5/8, 3/4, 7/8, and 1
inch. Includes metric equivalents.
Determine either concave or convex
weld sizes.
in pipe
other crit -
measurements.
Accepted

Visit VictorTechnologies.com/cashback

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Thermal Dynamics

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Victor Thermal Dynamics Cutmaster
42 System
Victor Thermal Dynamics Cutmaster 52 System
ING

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200
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Thermal Arc
/ Tw Tweco Fabricator
181i
System Package
Thermal Arc/ Tw Tweco Fabricator 181
System Package with Cart
System Package
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$ 181i
50
$ weco Fabricator 181i
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$ weco Fabricator 211i
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System Package with Single Cylinder Cart
Thermal Arc/ Tw Tweco 186 ACDC
Power Supply Package
System with Foot Control
System with Foot Control & Cart

weco Fabricator 211i
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75
$
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100
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System Package with Single Cylinder Cart

Root ensuring good root formation
and a high deposition rate with re-
duced energy input plus LSC Uni-
versal suited to welding fillet welds,
corner welds, lap joints, filling and
capping runs, and brazing supple-
ment a new algorithm as well as fea-
ture reduced spatter with greater arc
stability. The penetration stabilizer
keeps the fusion penetration constant
during electrode extension fluctua-
tions with the help of the wire feed
speed control. Arc length and dynamic
corrections have also been enhanced.
To enable using longer hosepacks, ad-
ditional hardware reduces the influ-
ence of increased inductance in the
welding circuit. Pictured is the cross
section of a joint root welded with LSC
Root with the penetration stabilizer
disabled.
Fronius International GmbH
www.fronius.com
(877) 3766487
Gun Offers Precise
Wire Feeding
The Frontpull 7 welding gun, which
features a close-to-process drive unit
located at the gun neck, feeds welding
wires of steel, aluminum, or other al-
loy material with a diameter from 0.8
to 1.6 mm. The four-roll drive gun,
with an output of 90 W, keeps a tool
center point with an accuracy of 0.2
mm. Changing is done via the stan-
dard bayonet system.
SKS North America
www.skswelding.com
(248) 5195079
Redesigned Site Offers
Safety Training Courses
The company has launched a new
website designed to make it easy to
find hands-on industrial skills training
courses and resources. The site pro-
vides training courses and information
to assist industry professionals in de-
veloping safe and skilled industrial
employees. The new web design also
features the latest news and white pa-
pers on industry trends, videos with
tips and examples of training that stu-
dents receive, an advanced search that
allows users to find training courses by
location, type, and date, plus social
networks and feeds.
NTT Training
www.nttinc.com
(800) 9222820
MORE THAN WELDING.
METAL JOINING, SAFETY & EFFICIENCY
www.binzel-abicor.com
T E C H NOL OGY F OR T H E WE L D E R S WOR L D .
Booth C1344
PRODUCT & PRINT
SPOTLIGHT
Pipe Purging Systems Prevent
Overinflation
HotPurge
TM
pipe purging systems
are for use at up to 572F for 24 h.
Based on the companys Quick
PurgeII design, they are adapted for
use at high temperatures. This system
is available for pipe internal diameters
from 4 to 96 in. Each is made to size
and has a tolerance of
1
2 in. Features
include a central large collar that
makes it easier to reach the lower oxy-
gen levels faster; four pull handles at-
tached to each dam secured with
Kevlar thread; and PurgeGate, a
patented invention that allows users
to connect the system to any source of
compressed inert gas and turn it on to
whatever flow/pressure they want, to
prevent overinflation.
Huntingdon Fusion Techniques
www.huntingdonfusion.com
44 (0) 1554 836 836
Free Plans Available for
Welding Projects
The company is now offering free
DIY welding project ideas and plans on
its website. The plans, available in in-
stant downloads, come with detailed
instructions for many useful and fun
projects. Many offer instructions on
where to purchase supplies, what tools
are necessary, and how to modify the
projects plans to fit individual needs.
Examples of free DIY plans include
soap-box go kart, garage workbench
table, 90-deg jig, coffee table, trailer
dolly, welding table, and campfire grill
stand.
DIY Welding Plans
www.diyweldingplans.com
(888) 9640813
GTAW Torch Includes Water
Cooling Jacket
Micro Torch, the companys small-
est GTAW torch, includes three differ-
ent angled heads, making it useful for
tightly spaced applications. The torch
features a clear Pyrex nozzle, low
profile torch body, and water cooling
F
o
r

i
n
f
o
,

g
o

t
o

w
w
w
.
a
w
s
.
o
r
g
/
a
d
i
n
d
e
x
jacket that lets the torch reach its
highest amperage possible, even with a
3
32-in. tungsten electrode. The torch is
available in 70-A gas-cooled or 140-A
water-cooled models, each with 45-,
90-, and 180-deg heads. A kit is includ-
ed with each torch that contains the
three interchangeable heads, three
presharpened tungstens and a tung-
sten stick-out gauge, two Pyrex noz-
zles, and one aluminum nozzle.
CK Worldwide, Inc.
www.ckworldwide.com
(800) 4260877
App Allows Sharing of Welding
Calculations
The Welding Calculator app includes
heat input, energy density, and power
ratio calculation; IPM and RPM conver-
sions; pulse conversions; averages, vol-
umes, fractions, and deposition rates.
The app, available for Android and iOS
devices, allows users to save or share
calculations using the mobile operating
system sharing capabilities. English or
metric units can be selected.
Arc Machines, Inc.
www.arcmachines.com
(818) 8969556
Cutting Table Removes
Slag Automatically
The Klean Sweep, a self-cleaning
cutting table that removes slag and
scrap automatically during cutting op-
erations, eliminating production inter-
ruptions and reducing labor costs, can
be used with various laser, oxyfuel,
and plasma cutting machines. Avail-
able with cutting widths ranging from
5 to 24 ft, the tables exhaust channel
ducts for fume extraction can be inter-
nal or external depending on the
application.
Koike Aronson, Inc./Ransome
www.koike.com
(800) 2525232
Manual Band Saw Features
2hp Motor
The companys Model H275 manu-
al band saw cuts tubes, pipes, light
structural shapes, and small solids up
to 10 in. at 90 deg. The saw has a vari-
able-speed blade from 65 to 320
ft/min and can accurately miter up to
60 deg to the right. Operations include
manual sawframe raise, manual vise,
hydraulic/solenoid-powered downfeed,
and status indicators for power on,
correct blade tension, broken blade,
and bandwheel cover open. The tool
features a 2-hp totally enclosed, fan-
cooled motor, 24-V controls, bimetal
blade with shutoff for broken blade or
low tension, blade-drive load monitor,
and full coolant system.
Kalamazoo Machine Tool
www.kmtsaw.com
(269) 3218860
Courseware Presents Common
Arc Welding Processes
The companys new release of Com-
mon Arc Welding Processes, a training
tool for industry and educational facil-
ities that want to offer an introduction
to welding without hands-on training
applications, includes two DVDs and
an instructor guide. Topics include a
course overview, safety topics, and an
introduction to shielded metal arc, gas
metal arc, flux cored arc, and gas tung-
sten arc welding. It also provides infor-
mation about consumables for the var-
ious arc welding processes.
Hobart Institute of Welding Technology
www.welding.org
(800) 3329448
Carrying Strap Helps Welders
Safely Move Cylinders
The JugLugger carrying strap
helps welders carry propane cylinders
and torches on the job site and up lad-
ders. The strap lets welders free their
hands to comply with OSHA
1926.1053 ladder safety regulations
and improve job efficiency. This tool
connects quickly to gas cylinders and
other heavy gear. It features a high-
strength adjustable strap, steel
connection clips, and foam shoulder
pad covered with high denier
Pairing
Galvanized
Steel with
Metal-Cored
Wire
Fig. 1 Galvanized steel is becoming an increasingly common material in automotive manufacturing. It allows for the manufacture of
lighter-weight vehicles without sacrificing the strength, corrosion resistance, or life span of the vehicle.
G
alvanized steel is becoming an
increasingly common material
in automotive manufacturing
because of the numerous benefits it
offers. The material allows for the
manufacture of lighter-weight vehicles
without sacrificing the strength, cor-
rosion resistance, or life span of the
vehicle Fig. 1.
Reducing overall vehicle weight is a
challenge the automotive industry will
continue to face, due to the Corporate
Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) regula-
tions intended to improve the average
fuel economy of cars and light trucks
sold in the United States. While Con-
gress first enacted CAFE regulations in
1975, increasingly stringent standards
recently issued by the U.S. Depart-
ment of Transportation and U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency require
average fuel economy to be the equiva-
lent of 54.5 miles per gallon for cars
and light-duty trucks by model year
2025.
The ability to fabricate more parts
with thin galvanized steel helps auto-
motive manufacturers reduce total ve-
hicle weight by hundreds of pounds in
some cases, which in turn helps them
meet the increasingly strict fuel econo-
my requirements. The ability to design
thinner parts can also result in cost
savings for manufacturers, given less
material is being used.
However, welding galvanized steel
poses some challenges. Because the
material typically is thinner, there can
be an increased potential for melt-
through. Also, the zinc coating of gal-
vanized steel can contribute to weld
discontinuities such as porosity both
on and below the weld surface.
Metal-cored welding wire formulat-
ed for galvanized steel can address
these challenges. This type of wire is
capable of providing faster travel
speeds, which lowers the heat input.
Combined with a pulsed gas metal arc
welding (GMAW-P) process, in partic-
ular, it can help improve productivity
and efficiency on this material while
also producing high weld quality.
Metal-cored wire is a type of tubu-
lar wire consisting of a metal sheath
filled with metallic powders, alloys,
and arc stabilizers. As opposed to solid
wire, metal-cored wire carries higher
current densities (at equivalent am-
perage settings), making it possible to
put more weld metal in a joint in less
time during the welding process.
Those faster travel speeds make metal-
cored wire a choice for robotic welding
applications, like those found in auto-
motive manufacturing. Achieving the
same weld quality with solid wire
would require slower welding speeds
and with it, higher heat input and po-
tential melt-through.
Robotic welding is the standard
method for most welding applications
in automotive manufacturing because
of the speed it offers, so this process
pairs well with metal-cored wire and
the faster travel speeds necessary for
welding galvanized steel Fig. 2.
Basics of Galvanized Steel
The properties of galvanized steel
make it a good choice for many auto-
motive manufacturing applications.
Galvanized steel has a protective
layer of zinc on its surface, so the ma-
terial offers excellent corrosion resist-
ance and high strengths, even at thin-
ner gauges such as 1 mm. In addition,
galvanized steel is more cost effective
than a base metal like aluminum, espe-
cially when the application calls for us-
ing a lot of the material.
Because of these properties, many
automotive manufacturers are con-
verting to galvanized steel for more
applications. In the past decade, galva-
nized steel may have been associated
with automotive body skins of less
than 1 mm, but today use of the mate-
rial is expanding into other structural
components such as frames, suspen-
sion, and engine cradles.
There are different types of galva-
nized steel, all with their own charac-
teristics and recommended applica-
tions. Overall, each presents similar
challenges, although to varying
degrees.
Main Challenges of
Welding Galvanized Steel
The thinness and zinc coating of
galvanized steel are characteristics
that provide many benefits, but they
can also be the source of additional
problems such as melt-through and
porosity. Should these issues arise,
manufacturers risk sacrificing quality
Employing this combination offers automotive
manufacturing benefits
BY AMANDA DARCY
Fig. 2 Pairing a GMAW-P process with metal-cored wires designed for galvanized steel
can help combat many challenges and issues associated with welding the material.
and productivity, which can adversely
affect their competitive edge and bot-
tom line.
Surface porosity on this material is
a common issue regulated by Ameri-
can Welding Society (AWS) standards.
See the following identification for the
AWS D8.8M:2007, Specification for Au-
tomotive Weld Quality Arc Welding of
Steel, regulations regarding the porosi-
ty requirements (both surface and
subsurface or internal).
5.1.4 Porosity
5.1.4.1 Surface Porosity. Individual
pores, separated by at least their own di-
ameter, and other scattered surface
porosity shall be permitted. The total
length of porosity (sum of diameters)
shall not exceed 6 mm in any 25 mm of
weld. The maximum pore dimension shall
not exceed 1.6 mm.
5.1.4.2 Internal Porosity. Internal
porosity shall not exceed 15% of the area
of the weld being examined.
It is typically a two-step process to
determine the internal porosity, first
requiring an X-ray of the weld and
then applying image analysis using
contrast analysis to quantify the
amount of porosity as a percentage.
These weld defects could lead to cata-
strophic failures later in time, so ad-
dressing both types of porosity is im-
portant.
The travel speed used during the
welding process directly impacts the
presence of porosity. The faster the
travel speed, the faster the weld pool
tends to freeze, which can be especial-
ly troublesome since zinc vaporizes at
a much lower temperature than steel
melts. The temperature differentiation
can lead to gas pockets becoming
trapped because the weld solidifies be-
fore the zinc gas can escape.
In addition to the common issue of
porosity, welding thin galvanized steel
presents other challenges, including
the following:
The potential for melt-through
due to the thinness of the metal, a
challenge that can cost a manufacturer
time and profit in the form of lost
product should this defect occur.
Spatter, which not only can adhere
to the part, requiring postweld
cleanup, but can also adhere to tool-
ing, leading to damaged sensors or
clamps in the robotic system. Spatter
is typically the result of the shorter arc
lengths associated with constant volt-
age modes of welding.
The presence of silica islands in
the weld, especially those that may
break free after the e-coat or paint
process, or those that reside in the
toes of the weld.
Benefits of Metal-Cored
Wire and GMAW-P
Pairing a GMAW-P process with
metal-cored wire designed for galva-
nized steel can help combat or prevent
many of the challenges and issues as-
sociated with welding the material.
The combination also offers improve-
ments over the speeds and perform-
ance of solid wire, given one of the
greatest advantages of metal-cored
wire is its high deposition rates.
Hotter and faster are the keys to
addressing many of the challenges
when welding galvanized steel. Its es-
sential to keep a balance in the
time/temperature relationship to suc-
cessfully weld this material.
Recent advancements in metal-
cored wires, specifically some carrying
the AWS classification E70C-GS, pro-
vide significant advantages for welding
galvanized steel. These wires feature
formulations that allow them to weld
with direct current electrode negative
(DCEN) polarity. Operating in DCEN
offers distinct advantages when weld-
ing thin-gauge galvanized steel, in-
cluding the following:
A softer arc penetration that pre-
vents melt-through on thin-gauged
material.
An improved penetration profile.
Sufficient arc energy to vaporize
the galvanized zinc coating, which
minimizes surface and subsurface
porosity.
The formulation not only results in
higher deposition rates, but also in
good root opening-bridging capabili-
ties and a high-strength deposit that
maintains ductility and impact tough-
ness.
Like other metal-cored wires, the
wires designed for welding galvanized
steel also feature arc stabilizers that
help improve metal transfer from the
wire to weld, effectively reducing spat-
ter and the need for postweld cleaning
or slag removal, which could slow
down overall throughput.
The new metal-cored wires formu-
lated for galvanized steel are designed
to weld at 40 in./min in robotic appli-
cations compared to 23 or 25 in./min
for solid wire. The faster travel speeds
and lower defect rates offered by the
wire can help automotive manufactur-
ers increase throughput, reduce expen-
ditures related to rework, and save
time and money.
Increase Productivity
and Reduce Costs
When choosing a filler metal, its
important to consider the application
and material thickness being welded.
Weld quality and porosity require-
ments and how specific types of
filler metals impact those issues are
also important considerations.
In many applications, the new op-
tions in metal-cored wire designed for
use with galvanized steel can help
manufacturers increase productivity,
improve quality, and maximize the
benefits the material offers in automo-
tive applications.
WJ
AMANDA DARCY is with field
application engineering for
Miller Electric Mfg. Co.
(www.millerwelds.com), Appleton, Wis.

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his article discusses the basic
provisions of the Globally Har-
monized System of Classification
and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) Haz-
ard Communication System, how they
differ from previous hazard communi-
cation requirements, and with a focus
on the classification process, their like-
ly impact upon the welding workplace.
In July 2003, the GHS was en-
dorsed by the United Nations (UN)
Economic and Social Council. The GHS
was drafted to address the need for a
common framework for the technical
classification and communication of
chemical hazards. According to the
UN, It (GHS) aims at providing a ba-
sis for harmonization of rules and reg-
ulations on chemicals at a national, re-
gional, and worldwide level, an impor-
tant factor also for trade facilitation.
The GHS objective is to provide a
universal systematic, empirical ap-
proach for physical, health, and envi-
ronmental hazard classification of
pure substances and mixtures. The
hazard classification process is the
foundation upon which this systemat-
ic prescriptive approach is built. Once
a products hazards have been classi-
fied, these chemical property, regula-
tory or test data derived classifications
then drive much of the required out-
puts on product Safety Data Sheets
(SDS) and package/container warning
labels. The GHS is not a regulation or a
standard, but a set of international
recommendations that a competent
authority can adopt, in whole or in
part, according to the building-block
approach.
The UN publishes the GHS guide-
lines on hazard classification criteria,
standardized label elements, and SDS
format in its publication known as the
Purple Book. The first edition of the
Purple Book was approved by the
Committee of Experts at its first ses-
sion in December 2002. The GHS Pur-
ple Book is updated and revised every
two years.
The U.S. Adoption of GHS
In March 2012, the United States
Occupational Safety and Health Ad-
ministration (OSHA) adopted the
third revised edition of the GHS into
its Revised Hazard Communication
Standard. A majority of the new OSHA
requirements take effect in June 2015,
which corresponds to the European
Unions final deadline for incorpora-
tion of the GHS requirements for mix-
tures, following their previous adop-
tion for pure substances. Many coun-
tries worldwide have similarly adopted
GHS into their regulatory framework,
or have plans to do so.
The Key Principle of GHS Is
Classification of Hazards
Under GHS guidelines, hazard clas-
sification is specifically derived based
on the intrinsic properties of a chemi-
cal substance or mixture. In other
words, it is based upon the hazards the
chemical substance or mixture ex-
hibits in the form in which it is pur-
chased, shipped, and received in com-
merce. This hazard classification does
not include risks arising from subse-
quent use or transformation in the
workplace. However, successful hazard
communication includes information
on the presence of potential end-use
risks as well as the intrinsic hazards.
Therefore, hazard communication in-
formation is still required in appropri-
ate sections of a GHS formatted SDS
or label to alert the user to minimize
exposures and risks.
Accordingly, by following estab-
lished classification criteria under
GHS, solid form welding consumable
electrodes should be considered Not
classified as hazardous according to
GHS, due to their lack of intrinsic
hazards. By definition, they are not
considered exempt articles though,
because they can present safety and
health risks during their actual use in
the workplace. For this reason, while
they may not require the GHS label el-
ements on product labeling, full GHS
16 Section formatted Safety Data
Sheets are required for complete and
proper hazard communication to end
users of these products. Of course,
packaging should continue to provide
applicable warnings for physical haz-
ards and health risks generated during
the use of welding electrodes.
Granular form welding products
such as submerged arc flux are classi-
fied under GHS as they may present
intrinsic hazards in the form they are
sold, shipped, and received by the cus-
tomer. They can become airborne as a
dust, and the dust may contain haz-
ardous constituents such as crystalline
silica. Once properly classified accord-
ing to GHS guidelines, they must have
applicable compliant GHS labels on
packaging as well as Safety Data
Sheets authored and provided in
accordance with competent authority
requirements.
The GHS Compliance Timeline
In the United States, OSHA re-
quires that all manufacturer/suppliers
SDS and product labeling conform to
the GHS (Purple Book, Revision 3) re-
quirements as of June 1, 2015. Dis-
tributors have until December 1, 2015,
to ensure that all products sold con-
form to the new requirements. Canada
has stated its intention to adopt GHS
Changes Are Coming to
Hazard Communication
The new GHS hazard communication
recommendations will impact manufacturers,
distributors, and users of welding consumables
Article prepared by the AWS Safety and Health
Committee. Comments can be submitted to
SHC Secretary Steve Hedrick (steveh@aws.org).
in alignment with the United States,
but has yet to announce a date as to
when GHS will be formally adopted
into its existing WHMIS requirements.
The European Unions (EU) final im-
plementation compliance date for SDS
and label conformance coincides with
OSHAs June 2015 deadline. However,
in the EU, there is still additional time
allowed for distributors. China adopt-
ed GHS Purple Book, Revision 4 label-
ing and SDS requirements officially on
May 1, 2011.
How GHS Hazard
Communication Is Different
Its true that data sheets and con-
tainer/package warning labels have
been around a good while as mandated
by OSHA in the United States. Cana-
das WHMIS includes similar hazard
communication statutes, and so have
most developed countries around the
globe. The difference is that these pre-
existing requirements were, by and
large, performance based whereas
the new GHS requirements are princi-
pally prescriptive. In other words, be-
fore, it was up to the manufacturer to
figure out what the hazards of their
products were and to then develop
Material Safety Data Sheets and con-
tainer labels with whatever content
they deemed necessary in order to ad-
equately warn potential users in the
workplace regarding their hazards and
safe use of the products.
Under GHS, manufacturers must
first classify their products, be they
considered substances or mixtures, ac-
cording to their physical, health, and
environmental hazards. (In the United
States, OSHA does not specifically re-
quire provision of the environmental
risk information as it doesnt have ju-
risdiction over environmental mat-
ters.) This classification process fol-
lows according to specific empirically
based criteria, and then from those
prescribed classifications mandatory
label and SDS text, warning state-
ments, and warning symbol outputs
are derived. Many of these classifica-
tion guidelines rely on regional regula-
tions, best practice standards, scientif-
ic chemical property data, published
toxicological or ecological test data,
and related published research studies.
Therefore, manufacturers must obtain
and compile this applicable published
information by doing an extensive re-
view of the literature, by subscribing
to a service that provides this informa-
tion, and/or by conducting their own
scientific testing and research. In most
cases, testing is not a requirement, as
GHS established Bridging Principles
that allow classification and hazard
ratings to be calculated for mixtures
based on the data available for its
base level elemental or compound
components.
Figure 1 provides an example of
how a label might look before and af-
ter GHS.
In the EU, some compounds have
what is known as a Harmonized Clas-
sification. Basically, a technical risk as-
sessment committee completed re-
views of many high priority materials
and established a classification that is
mandatory in the EU. This informa-
tion and other types of information
related to chemical information asso-
ciated with GHS and other require-
ments can be found on the European
Chemicals Agency (ECHA) website.
GHS Is Not Quite Harmonious
While the GHS charter includes the
goal of providing a harmonized
process for hazard communication
across the globe, in practice this is not
necessarily how things have turned
out. Because GHS offers a building
block approach for voluntary adoption
by countries into their regulatory
framework, there are sometimes sig-
nificant regional and country-specific
differences in the classification rules
and other implementation of the sys-
tem which, in turn, affect required
SDS and label outputs. A major chal-
Fig. 1 An example of how a GHS label might look.
lenge for business is that many coun-
tries or regions are adopting different
aspects or components of the GHS
system on a varying set of timelines.
Therefore, specific country or regional
requirements need to be evaluated in-
dividually. This is especially true with
regard to classification rules.
For example, in the United States,
crystalline silica (i.e., quartz) is consid-
ered a carcinogen while this is not the
case in the EU. Similar variation exists
for other compounds potentially con-
tained in welding consumables and al-
lied materials. As a consequence, the
same product might have very differ-
ent label and SDS requirements de-
pending on where a product is to be
supplied and shipped. This is some-
thing that manufacturers and distribu-
tors need to be aware of so that they
can manage their business processes
accordingly. In the Asia/Pacific region,
there is a considerable degree of coun-
try-to-country variation when it
comes to GHS adoption and classifica-
tion and labeling requirements. In
many ways, it is this nonharmoniza-
tion with respect to these prescriptive
classification and labeling require-
ments that may be the largest eco-
nomic impact of GHS.
Figure 2 shows an example of how a
warning label might vary depending
on whether the product is destined for
the United States market or for the
European market.
GHS Hazard Classification Is
Based on Intrinsic Properties
of Substances
As stated previously, classification
is the foundation for implementing
GHS and providing SDS and product
labeling that meet the new require-
ments. According to the written GHS
classification rules, stated in the GHS
Purple Book, Section 1.3.2.2.1: Only
the intrinsic hazardous properties of
substances and mixtures are to be con-
sidered. This is important when con-
sidering the classification of solid-
state, solid form welding consumables
as they do not pose an intrinsic haz-
ard, and it is not until they are actually
used in the workplace and undergo
their intended transformation during
the welding process that they present
any potential risks.
For this reason, it is correct to con-
sider them as Not Classified accord-
ing to GHS. Of course, this statement
does not mean that they pose no phys-
ical hazard or health risks when they
are used in the welding process. For
this reason, the welding industry must
continue its long-standing practice of
providing exceptional product warning
and safe use information on packaging
and in SDSs as it relates to the poten-
tial physical hazards and health risks
that might be encountered when con-
ducting welding or one of its allied
processes. Such information is re-
quired in the GHS SDS in Sections 2,
8, and 11 where information on the
hazards arising out of the conditions
of use must be provided. These would
include things like the constituents of
health significance in fume, gases pro-
duced during product use, as well as
the physical hazards that are created
such as radiation from the arc. General
hazards such as electrical and fire
should be included in applicable sec-
tions of the SDS.
The Not Classified determination
in accordance with the GHS guidelines
is the most appropriate in terms of
providing the most accurate informa-
tion to end users. If solid welding elec-
trodes were to be classified based on
their standard composition, hazard
outputs could be confusing and/or
Fig. 2 Examples of how labels might look depending on whether the warning is for the
United States or European market.
misleading. For example, some shield-
ed metal arc welding (SMAW) manual
electrodes have crystalline silica in
their base composition, but the mate-
rial is bound in a solid extruded sili-
cate matrix. In addition, when welding
takes place, there is no subsequent ex-
posure potential with respect to crys-
talline silica. It is predominantly com-
plexed with metallic elements in the
arc environment, and in any event,
certainly does not survive the arc in
crystalline form. However, if we classi-
fy based on standard composition,
then much of the hazard classification
and resulting warning outputs would
be derived based upon crystalline silica
content even though there is absolute-
ly no exposure potential to these com-
pounds during use or otherwise.
Furthermore, there are also com-
pounds and constituents present in
the welding fume plume that may not
exist in the base standard composition
at all. Trying to conduct GHS classifi-
cation based on the byproducts of con-
sumable product decomposition or the
welding process itself would get even
messier. The degree to which some
byproducts are formed is dependent
upon the many conditions and process
parameters selected by the user. Volt-
age settings, shielding gases, and the
power supply wave characteristics of
the process can all have a significant
impact on the generation of potential
contaminants.
Perhaps the most significant is that
the makeup of airborne welding
byproducts can be heavily influenced
by the particular substrate metal, base
metal coatings present, and other as-
pects of the users unique application.
Product diameter selection should also
be considered as composition may
vary by product diameter and so
this adds still another variable not
necessarily controlled by the manufac-
ture/supplier.
Finally, obtaining complete decom-
position chemistry for a wide range of
conceivable user-controlled parame-
ters would be extremely resource in-
tensive and, in most cases, simply not
feasible.
GHS and OSHA Got It Right
It seems as if the drafters of The
Globally Harmonized System of Classi-
fication and Labeling of Chemicals
(GHS) did get it right when they speci-
fied that classification should be ac-
complished based upon the intrinsic
hazards of a chemical substance or
mixture. The fact that OSHA adopted
these GHS guidelines without any ap-
preciable modification also demon-
strates its solid commitment to the
GHS process and trust in the sound-
ness of its foundational principles.
The welding industry as a whole
should support having a hazard com-
munication process that provides all
users with the most accurate hazard
information possible. It will no doubt
continue its past practices with respect
to providing detailed hazard and risk
information that ensures users have
what they need in order to take the
steps necessary to adequately protect
themselves or their employees. While
an additional investment of resources
may be required on the front end by
manufacturers and suppliers, a com-
mon system such as GHS, when used
as designed, may ultimately help to do
this most directly and consistently.
Perhaps the GHS vision of a hazard
communication process, fully harmo-
nized on a global scale, can be one day
realized. WJ
Meeting the Demand for
Welding Engineers
Graduating highly qualified, well-prepared engineers
and growing its research activities are primary
missions of the Welding Engineering Program
at The Ohio State University
BY DAVID PHILLIPS,
AVI BENATAR, AND
JOHN C. LIPPOLD
W
elding engineering at The
Ohio State University (OSU)
traces its roots back to the
1930s. Over the ensuing 80 years, it
has evolved into an academic/research
program that is recognized through-
out the world. The university currently
has the only Accreditation Board for
Engineering and Technology (ABET)
approved engineering program in the
United States offering a bachelor of
science degree in welding engineering.
Masters and doctorate degrees in
welding engineering are also offered.
The program has changed significantly
over the past ten years with new facul-
ty hires, a merger with the Materials
Science and Engineering Department,
growth in research activities, and the
offering of online courses. In addition,
unprecedented growth of the under-
graduate student population is antici-
pated starting this year. This article
provides a brief history of the program
and an update on its current status
and future direction.
A Brief History
In the years following World War I,
arc welding became recognized as a vi-
able technique for joining and repair-
ing iron and steel. This led to in-
creased interest in welding throughout
the world. A small group of faculty in
OSUs Industrial Engineering Dept.
began promoting welding as a manu-
facturing technique, which eventually
led to the organization of six welding
conferences held annually from 1932
to 1937. This, in turn, resulted in the
development of a combined Industri-
al/Welding Engineering degree pro-
gram that was launched in 1938. Be-
Fig. 1 Students learning to weld in 1958.
Fig. 2 Professor McCauley delivering a welding metallurgy lecture, circa 1968.
tween 1938 and 1944, 20 BS Industri-
al Engineering/Welding Engineering
degrees were granted, but the program
was interrupted by World War II. The
faculty supporting this activity were
located in the Industrial Engineering
building, which eventually became the
home of the Welding Engineering
Department.
In 1947, Robert S. Green was hired
to establish a Welding Engineering
Dept., which was formally launched on
January 1, 1948. The curriculum that
Green put in place included courses in
metallurgy, mechanics and strength of
materials, machine design, structural
design, and electrical engineering.
These core areas would form the basis
of the multidisciplinary curriculum
that exists today. The curriculum also
included a hands-on component that
allowed students to gain an apprecia-
tion of welding by learning the manual
skills required Fig. 1. The first class
of welding engineers graduated in
1948. Through the 1950s and 1960s,
Welding Engineering Dept. faculty av-
eraged about three, and the depart-
ment was heavily dependent on cours-
es taught by other engineering depart-
ments. The MS degree in welding engi-
neering was approved in 1956.
The late 1970s and early 1980s saw
a dramatic increase in faculty led by
Department Chairs Roy McCauley
(Fig. 2) (19541979) and Karl Graff
(19791987). This reduced the de-
pendence of the welding engineering
curriculum on courses from other de-
partments and allowed expansion into
the areas of nondestructive evalua-
tion, robotics, and polymer joining.
The increase in faculty also allowed de-
velopment of a PhD degree, which was
approved in 1985. In 1979, the Na-
tional Science Foundation (NSF)
awarded the department one of the
first Industry/University Cooperative
Research Center (I/UCRC) initiatives,
resulting in a boost in research activity
and an increase in graduate students.
Total faculty in the department grew
to ten the highest level in its
history.
In 1994, the department received
another large NSF grant to build a
comprehensive education and training
program known as National Excellence
in Materials Joining Education and
Training. Through this program, more
than 10,000 pages of slides and notes
were created representing the largest
single collection of teaching material
dedicated to materials joining. This
material has since been used in cours-
es at OSU and other universities, and
to support continuing education and
training programs, and formed the
foundation of an online distance edu-
cation program initiated in 2003.
In 1995, the Welding Engineering
and Industrial and Systems Engineer-
ing departments were merged into a
new department Industrial, Weld-
ing, and Systems Engineering in an
effort to consolidate much of the uni-
versitys manufacturing expertise into
a single department. Shortly after-
ward, the welding engineering faculty
moved to a new laboratory facility on
OSUs west campus Fig. 3. This fa-
cility, known as the Edison Joining
Technology Center, colocated the
welding engineering program with
Edison Welding Institute (EWI). This
created the largest welding/joining ed-
ucation and research facility in the
western hemisphere with approxi-
mately 135,000 sq ft of space and
more than 300 personnel (including
students). The welding engineering
program occupies approximately
35,000 sq ft, including modern labora-
tories, a student computer laboratory,
faculty and graduate student offices,
and training facilities.
The period from 2005 to 2010 saw
the retirement of many of the faculty
hired in the 1970s and 1980s including
Dick Richardson, Charles Albright,
Dave Dickinson, and Chon Tsai. To
manage through this period of change,
a transition planning committee was
formed in 2008 led by former chair Karl
Graff. The plan that evolved outlined a
bold strategy for growth of the research
program that would, in turn, support
hiring of new faculty. In 2010, NSF
awarded OSU another I/UCRC titled
Center for Integrative Materials Join-
ing Science for Energy Applications.
Currently, the eight welding engi-
neering faculty (Table 1, Fig. 4) bring a
diverse portfolio of expertise, experi-
ence, and national recognition in the
field of welding engineering. Also, in
2010, the program moved from the
Fig. 3 The Edison Joining Technology Center on OSUs west campus.
Fig. 4 Welding engineering faculty and sta (from left): Mark Cooper, Ed Pfeifer,
Heather Sever, Ken Copley, Dave Farson, Wei Zhang, David Phillips, Megan Daniels,
John Lippold, Stan Rokhlin, Avi Benatar, Boian Alexandrov, and Menachem Kimchi.
newly named Integrated Systems En-
gineering Department and merged
with the Materials Science and Engi-
neering Department. This move had
no effect on the welding engineering
curriculum or degree programs, and
has had a positive effect on the
research program within welding
engineering.
Academic Program and
Students
The welding engineering program
at Ohio State is often confused with
an engineering technology program.
As defined on the ABET website, En-
gineering programs often focus on
theory and conceptual design, while
technology programs usually focus on
application and implementation. Also,
engineering programs typically require
additional, higher level mathematics,
including multiple semesters of calcu-
lus and calculus-based theoretical sci-
ence courses. Engineering technology
programs typically focus on algebra,
trigonometry, applied calculus, and
other courses that are more practical
than theoretical in nature.
Welding engineering is a rigorous,
complex engineering program that re-
quires students to be proficient in a
broad range of engineering disciplines.
Prior to taking courses in welding en-
gineering, students are required to
take an engineering core that includes
differential calculus, calculus-based
physics, statistics, statics and mechan-
ics of materials, and thermodynamics.
Upon being admitted to the pro-
gram, students (Figs. 57) begin a cur-
riculum (Table 2) that is the most in-
terdisciplinary of any in the College of
Engineering, including courses in ma-
terials science, mechanical, electrical,
and industrial engineering. Within the
welding engineering program, stu-
dents take advanced courses in weld-
ing metallurgy that cover materials
ranging from low-alloy and stainless
steels to nonferrous alloys such as
nickel, aluminum, and titanium to
polymers. Welding process courses
emphasize theory and fundamentals
of all the important industrial welding
processes including manual and mech-
anized arc welding, laser and electron
beam welding, solid-state welding, and
resistance welding.
The students develop a thorough
understanding of many electrical con-
cepts in welding such as process con-
trol, and transformer theory and oper-
ation. Welding design courses cover
the principles of important subjects
such as computational modeling, heat
flow, residual stress, fatigue and frac-
ture, and weld design for various load-
ing conditions using industry-stan-
dard codes such as AWS D1.1, Struc-
tural Welding Code Steel, and ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Nonde-
structive materials characterization
techniques including X-ray, ultrason-
ics, eddy current, magnetic particle,
and dye penetrant are emphasized.
The fully equipped center provides
students numerous opportunities to
get hands-on experience through a va-
riety of welding process laboratories,
including arc (manual and mecha-
nized), resistance, laser, and solid-
state welding. All students are re-
quired to complete one summer engi-
neering experience, and spend their
Fig. 5 Welding engineering students conducting Gleeble testing.
Table 1 Welding Engineering Faculty at The Ohio State University
Faculty Title Area of Focus
Boian Alexandrov Research Associate Professor Welding metallurgy, weldability evaluation,
phase transformation analysis
Avi Benatar Associate Professor Welding of polymers and adhesive bonding,
welding design
Dave Farson Associate Professor Laser and arc welding processes
Menachem Kimchi Lecturer Resistance and solid-state welding processes
John Lippold Professor Stainless steel and nonferrous welding metallurgy,
weldability testing
David Phillips Associate Professor of Practice Welding processes, welding metallurgy
Stan Rokhlin Professor Nondestructive materials characterization
Wei Zhang Associate Professor Modeling and stress analysis
entire senior year working on an actu-
al real-world engineering project un-
der the guidance of their industry
sponsor.
The academic potential of incoming
students entering Ohio States College
of Engineering continues to grow
steadily Fig. 8. Some indicators of
that improvement are 1) in 2013 the
average composite ACT score for
Columbus campus engineering stu-
dents admitted to Ohio State was 29.5
whereas in 2006 it was 27.6, and 2)
54% of all 2012 incoming freshman
were ranked in the top 10% of their
high school class, and 89% in the
top 25%. This quality is reflected in
the students currently in welding
engineering.
Graduate Programs and
Distance Education
The welding engineering graduate
program has grown significantly in re-
cent years with increased research
funding and growth in distance educa-
tion. In addition to the MS and PhD
degrees offered, a fully online MS in
welding engineering is available to
qualified students. Like the under-
graduate program, the graduate pro-
gram is math and science based with
emphasis on leading and advancing
Fig. 6 A student conducts a delayed hydrogen cracking test.
Table 2 Undergraduate Welding Engineering Curriculum (does not include general education requirements)
Year Autumn Semester Spring Semester
1 Fundamentals in Engineering I Fundamentals of Engineering II
Calculus I Engineering Mathematics I
Physics I Chemistry for Engineers I
2 Introduction to Materials Science Differential Equations for Engineers
and Engineering Thermodynamics
Engineering Mathematics II Survey of Welding Engineering
Physics II Arc Welding Laboratory
Statistics for Engineers Electrical Circuits and Devices
Statics and Mechanics Computer Programming
3 Structural Transformations in Metals Physical Principles in Welding Processes II
Materials Processing Laboratory (Non-Arc Welding)
Physical Principles in Welding Processes I Welding Metallurgy I
(Arc Welding) Welding Metallurgy Laboratory I
Welding Engineering Design I Welding Design II
Nondestructive Evaluation
Fundamentals of Manufacturing Engineering
4 Industrial Experience Senior Design II
Welding Metallurgy II Engineering Economics
Welding Metallurgy Laboratory II
Senior Design I
Technical Elective Courses Resistance Welding High Energy Density Welding
Adhesive Bonding Solid-State Welding
Weldability Brazing and Soldering
Novel and Hybrid Process Welding Welding of Plastics and Composites
Computational Thermodynamics X-Ray and Ultrasonic NDE
Weld Process Control Robot Programming
materials joining education and
research.
The MS can be completed with or
without a thesis, and includes a depth
and breadth requirement. For the
depth requirement, students can
choose a sequence of courses in one of
the following areas: welding processes,
metallurgy, design, nondestructive
evaluation, and joining of plastics and
composites. For the breadth require-
ment, they take one course (usually
the first introductory course) in the
remaining four areas that they have
not selected for their specialization. In
addition, they can typically take one or
two technical electives that can be out-
side welding engineering. Most on-
campus MS students select the thesis
option, while nearly all distance stu-
dents select the nonthesis option.
However, even the nonthesis option
includes a smaller culminating open-
ended independent study project.
The PhD in welding engineering is
usually pursued by students who al-
ready have or recently acquired an MS
degree in welding engineering or an-
other engineering discipline. With spe-
cial approval by the Welding Engineer-
ing Graduate Studies Committee, ex-
ceptional students can proceed direct-
ly from a BS in engineering to the PhD
program. The PhD program includes a
sequence of courses specializing in one
of the following areas: welding
processes, metallurgy, design, nonde-
structive evaluation, and joining of
plastics and composites. In addition,
students select one of the remaining
areas for a minor (fewer courses) and
another minor outside welding engi-
neering related to their research work.
The PhD dissertation is an extensive
body of research work that advances
the knowledge in materials joining or
allied field.
The online web-based MS in weld-
ing engineering was established in
2003 to expand the availability of a
welding engineering education to a
wider audience. Online courses were
first offered in the 199899 academic
years and have grown to the point
where nearly all graduate courses are
now available online. In addition, the
faculty in the Materials Science and
Engineering Dept. have added online
course offerings specifically for weld-
ing engineering distance education
students. The program is designed for
engineering professionals who typical-
ly take one or two courses per semes-
ter, and complete the program in
about three years.
As previously noted, enrollment in
the welding engineering graduate pro-
grams has increased significantly in re-
cent years. With increased research
funding, on-campus enrollment is at
about 35, split nearly evenly between
MS and PhD students. With the
change to semesters and reduced cost
for online courses, enrollment of on-
line MS students is at an all-time high
with approximately 35 students ac-
tively enrolled in the MS program and
12 students exploring the program by
taking courses as graduate nondegree
students. While welding engineering is
not ranked separately, the Materials
Science and Engineering Dept. was
ranked 18th in the most recent U.S.
News and World Report Graduate
School rankings. The College of Engi-
neering, with the only online degree
being the MS in welding engineering,
was ranked 23rd in the most recent
U.S. News and World Report Best On-
line Graduate Engineering Programs
rankings.
Research Activities
Since the 1970s, research has been
an important component of the pro-
gram. Early faculty including Clarence
Fig. 8 ACT scores of incoming Ohio State engineering students since 2002.
Fig. 7 Modeling of stress on a weld test coupon.
Jackson and Robert McMaster helped
establish the university in the welding
research arena and many were to fol-
low. In the early years, research at
Ohio State tended to focus on process
technology, while programs at Rensse-
laer Polytechnic Institute and Lehigh
University were known for metallurgy
and mechanical behavior, respectively.
The establishment of the NSFI/
UCRC in 1979 and the expansion of
faculty in the late 1970s and early
1980s broadened and expanded weld-
ing research at Ohio State. While the
welding process area remained a
strong focus, there was significant
growth in the areas of welding metal-
lurgy and nondestructive evaluation.
The current research program with-
in welding engineering encompasses a
number of technical areas with weld-
ing metallurgy, weldability, and
process modeling among the strongest
of these programs. Annual funding for
research performed by welding engi-
neering faculty and staff is on the or-
der of $2 million/year, supporting the
approximately 35 on-campus graduate
students.
The centerpiece of current research
activities is the NSF I/UCRC for Inte-
grative Materials Joining Science for
Energy Applications. This center was
established in 2010 in conjunction
with Lehigh University, Colorado
School of Mines, and the University of
Wisconsin, with Ohio State serving as
the lead organization. The I/UCRC
concept uses NSF seed funding to
develop a technology roadmap and at-
tract organizations (industrial compa-
nies, national labs, research centers)
who pay an annual membership fee.
The members select the research top-
ics and the results are shared among
the member organizations.
Under the leadership of Dr. S.
Suresh Babu, its first director, the cen-
ter grew rapidly and reached 20 mem-
ber organizations in the first two
years. The center currently has more
than 30 members and is one of the
largest of the NSF I/UCRCs (70th per-
centile in number of members, 75th
percentile in membership revenue).
Total funding has exceeded $5 million,
of which roughly 75% comes from the
member organizations. It currently
supports more than 25 graduate stu-
dents and a number of postdocs at the
four universities.
Research activities are grouped
around five thrust areas: Materials De-
velopment, Joining Dissimilar Materi-
als, Weldability and Life Extension, In-
tegrated Process Modeling, and Inno-
vative Process Control. A new thrust
area in Additive Manufacturing is be-
ing launched this year.
In addition to the I/UCRC, consid-
erable research is ongoing through a
combination of federal and industrial
funding. In particular, there are a
number of research projects that sup-
port the power-generation and petro-
chemical industries. These include
group-sponsored projects investigat-
ing failure mechanisms in welded tub-
ing for coal-fired power plant applica-
tions, the use of cold metal transfer
welding technology for cladding opera-
tions, and dissimilar joining of steels
to stainless steels and Ni-based alloys.
The Department of Energy, National
Institute of Standards and Testing,
and Electric Power Research Institute
support other large programs. Total
research funding in welding engineer-
ing at Ohio State is at the highest
level in its history, and the average
funding per faculty (~$400,000/year)
is among the highest in the College of
Engineering.
Welding Engineering
Careers
The ABET website also provides
some general insight regarding career
paths for graduates of engineering
programs vs. technology programs:
Graduates from engineering pro-
grams are called engineers. They often
pursue entry-level work involving con-
ceptual design or research and devel-
opment. Many continue on to gradu-
ate level work in engineering. Gradu-
ates of four-year technology programs
are called technologists, while gradu-
ates of two-year engineering technolo-
gy programs are called technicians.
These professions are most likely to
enter positions in sectors such as con-
struction, manufacturing, product de-
sign, testing, or technical services and
sales. Those who pursue further study
consider engineering, facilities man-
agement, or business administration.
The emphasis on fundamentals and
engineering principles develops criti-
cal problem-solving and decision-
making skills that graduates can uti-
lize throughout their careers. The di-
verse curriculum prepares students for
a wide range of possible careers. Over
a recent five-year period, graduates
have been hired by more than 50 dif-
ferent companies in industry sectors
that include nuclear, petrochemical,
automotive, medical, aerospace, power
generation, and heavy equipment. In
the 2012/2013 academic year, the av-
erage starting salary (approximately
$64,000) for students with a BS in
Welding Engineering was ranked high-
est in Ohio States College of Engineer-
ing. The number of welding engineer-
ing jobs continues to be significantly
greater than the supply of welding
engineers.
The Future
The program is arguably at the
strongest position in its history. The
record number of undergraduate stu-
dents (Table 3), a vibrant research
portfolio, and a thriving distance edu-
cation program are all indicators of the
current strength of the program. The
program is internationally recognized
in the field of materials joining and
has achieved the stature of other suc-
cessful programs, such as those at
Harbin Institute of Technology in Chi-
na, Osaka University in Japan, and
Aachen University in Germany.
The NSF I/UCRC continues to ex-
pand. Membership is expected to grow
to more than 40 companies by 2015
and new initiatives in manufacturing
Table 3 Recent Undergraduate Enrollment in The Ohio State Universitys Welding Engineering Program
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
WeldEng PreMajors 35 26 45 49 74 86
WeldEng Majors 60 47 47 51 69 105
WeldEng Total 95 73 92 100 143 191
will greatly expand the centers research
base. It enters Phase II in 2015, which
guarantees NSF support for an addi-
tional five years. On its current path,
this center will eventually become the
platform to obtain larger federal and in-
dustrial grants focused on materials
joining and manufacturing.
At the college level, there has been
a renewed interest in manufacturing.
Ohio States competitive advantage in
the manufacturing research arena
comes, in part, from its unique
strength in materials joining. The uni-
versity, in partnership with EWI and
the University of Michigan, recently
won a competition to establish a new
center as part of the National Network
for Manufacturing Innovation. This
center, the American Lightweight Ma-
terials Manufacturing Innovation In-
stitute, will support projects that
strive to introduce more lightweight
materials into the transportation in-
dustries. Materials joining has been
identified as one of the key enabling
technologies in this endeavor. It is an-
ticipated that this center will help fos-
ter closer collaboration between Ohio
States welding engineering program
and EWI.
The mission of the program moving
forward will be to continue to graduate
highly qualified welding engineers
who are well prepared for a wide range
of engineering challenges. With the
extreme demand for welding engi-
neers combined with growth in both
student enrollment and research fund-
ing, the future of the program appears
strong. But whereas the uniqueness of
the program offers obvious advan-
tages, its important to point out that
this attribute has the potential to
weaken its stability as those outside
the program often ask, What is Weld-
ing Engineering? or Why Welding
Engineering? In this regard, the ongo-
ing support of both alumni and organ-
izations who hire Ohio State welding
engineers will be critical to the contin-
ued success of the program.
DAVID PHILLIPS (phillips.176@osu.edu) is
associate professor of practice, AVI BE-
NATAR is associate professor, and JOHN C.
LIPPOLD is professor, Welding Engineering,
The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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See us at FABTECH booth C2744/C2944
FABTECH Heads to Atlanta
FABTECH heads to Atlanta, Ga., November 1113, 2014,
bringing together an anticipated 27,000 attendees and 1400
exhibiting companies all under one roof. The show provides
a backdrop for visitors to experience live equipment demon-
strations, find cost-saving solutions, and network with in-
dustry peers throughout the 500,000+ square feet of show
floor in the A, B, and C buildings at the Georgia World Con-
gress Center. The event also provides learning opportunities
beyond the exhibits with more than 100 educational ses-
sions and expert-led presentations on the latest industry
trends and technology in the metal forming, fabricating,
welding, and finishing industries.
Show Location
Georgia World Congress Ctr.
285 Andrew Young International Blvd. NW
Atlanta, GA 30313
gwcc.com
Show Dates and Hours
Tuesday, November 11, 10:00 a.m. 6:00 p.m.
Wednesday, November 12, 9:00 a.m. 5:00 p.m.
Thursday, November 13, 9:00 a.m. 4:00 p.m.
Registration
Exhibit-only attendance is FREE through November 7,
2014.
Beginning November 8, the cost to attend the exhibits is
$50.
FMA, SME, AWS, PMA, and CCAI members may always at-
tend the exhibits for FREE with a valid member card.
Register today online at fabtechexpo.com, or download a
printer-friendly registration form from the website and fax
to (508) 743-9696.
No one under the age of 16 will be admitted.
Conference Cancellation Policy
Cancellations must be made in writing and faxed to Attn:
FABTECH Conference Cancellation at (313) 425-3407 no
later than October 28, 2014, to receive a full refund minus a
$50 administrative fee. Cancellations received after this date
are nonrefundable.
Transportation
From the Airport: Shuttles are available to most downtown
hotels, MARTA rail and buses, and taxis.
Public Transportation: MARTA buses, and rapid railways.
Taxis are plentiful downtown.
Many of Atlantas attractions are within walking distance
to most downtown hotels.
FABTECH 2014 is Mobile!
The official FABTECH 2014 mobile app is designed to en-
hance your show experience. The app puts important show
information in the palm of your hand so you can access it
anytime, anywhere. Search exhibitors, navigate the show
floor, view and build your schedule, and stay connected via
social media.
The app is available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and other
web browser-enabled devices.
Features Include:
Searchable exhibitor list that makes it easy to find compa-
nies and products
Interactive maps so you can visually browse the exhibit
floor
Agenda planner you can use to create a list of must-see
exhibits
A full schedule of sessions and events and the ability to add
to your planner
Real-time alerts that remind you of whats happening at
the show
Easy access to the events social media channels
Atlanta information with dining options and things to do
And much more.
FABTECH
General Attendance Information
FABTECH Hotel Accommodations
Hotel Name Distance to
Convention
Center
Hilton Atlanta (AWS HQ) 8.0 Blocks
Hyatt Regency Atlanta 6.0 Blocks
Atlanta Marriott Marquis 6.0 Blocks
Atlanta Marriott Suites Midtown 2.0 Miles
Crowne Plaza Atlanta Midtown 7.0 Blocks
DoubleTree by Hilton Atlanta Downtown 5.0 Blocks
Ellis Hotel 0.1 Miles
Holiday Inn Atlanta Downtown 3.0 Blocks
Holiday Inn Exp. Hotel and Suites ATL DT 3.0 Blocks
Omni Hotel at CNN Center 1.0 Block
Renaissance Atlanta Midtown 2.2 Miles
Ritz-Carlton Atlanta 5.0 Blocks
Sheraton Atlanta Hotel 1.5 Miles
W Atlanta Downtown 1.0 Mile
Westin Peachtree Plaza 4.0 Blocks
Courtyard Atlanta Downtown 8.0 Blocks
Glenn Hotel 0.3 Miles
Hampton Inn and Suites Atlanta Downtown 6.0 Blocks
Embassy Suites Centennial Olympic Park Adjacent
Hilton Garden Inn Atlanta Downtown 1.0 Block
For travel information visit fabtechexpo.com/accommodations
Save on Hotels* Best Rates Guaranteed.
Airline, car rental discounts, and more.
Book through FABTECH to get access to FREE shuttle bus
service to and from show hotels.
* Reserve your room through Travel Planners, the only
official housing provider for FABTECH.
FABTECH Bistro
Reserve a seat at the FABTECH Bistro and you will always
have a convenient place to eat, meet, and network. The
Bistro offers assorted menu options including fresh and
healthy lunch options, international cuisine and regional fa-
vorites all at a reasonable price. Pre-purchase your indi-
vidual lunch tickets to avoid the lines. Find the daily menu,
pricing, and order tickets at fabtechbistro.com.
Special Programs
Monday, November 10
7:00 a.m. 8:30 a.m.
AWS Prayer Breakfast Room C201
Registration Code: W39
Emcee Elizabeth Kautzmann is a manager of laser business
development for FANUC FA America, as well as the chair-
man of the Fabricators and Manufacturers Association,
Intl.s Industrial Laser Council. Kautzmann is an expert in
crossover training, structuring, and encouraging employees
to produce great work. She became involved in her profes-
sion while watching her father work on lasers; at the age of
nine, she built her first laser. She attributes her success to
resilience and determination and was one of the 2014 STEP
Ahead award winners for women in manufacturing by the
Manufacturing Institute.
Prayer Breakfast Speaker
Dennis K. Eck has serviced the welding supply industry for
nearly 34 years within the Texas market. Eck was partner
and VP Sales for 10 years with National Alloy & Equipment
in the Houston market prior to selling to Praxair in 2011.
He is currently general sales manager for Praxair and has
supplied the South & Central Texas market for the past 2
1
2
years. Eck has an extensive history spanning 24 years with
the AWS Houston Section. He has been involved with sever-
al committees, and has served as secretary, treasurer, and
2nd Vice Chair, 1st Vice Chair, and Section chairman for
three terms. He is also a member of the AWS Membership
Committee.
Special Music Soloist
Jeremiah Landon is in his second year as Choral Music Di-
rector at Ft. Madison High School in Ft. Madison, Iowa. Jer-
emiah has served several years as a worship leader in his
church and is the son of 2015 AWS President-elect David
Landon.
7:00 a.m. 7:30 a.m.
Singing while Attendees Eat Breakfast
Jeremiah Landon
7:30 a.m. 7:45 a.m.
Welcome, Opening Prayer, and Speaker
Introduction
Liz Kautzmann
7:45 a.m. 8:30 a.m.
Speaker Dennis Eck
Tuesday, November 11
9:00 a.m. 11:00 a.m.
IIW International Welding Engineer/International
Welding Technologist Diploma (Free) Room C106
The American Welding Society and the National Center for
Welding Education & Training (Weld-Ed) are partnering
with Gesellschaft fur Schweisstechnik International (Ger-
man Welding Institute, GSI) to offer classes leading to the
IIW International Welding Engineer and International Weld-
ing Technologist diplomas in the U.S. This session will pro-
vide information about the diplomas and candidate require-
ments, as well as details on the courses being planned that
will blend Internet-delivered training with classroom train-
ing over the next two summers.
FABTECH
2:00 p.m. 3:00 p.m.
AWS Education Program (Free) Room C209
This one-hour session will provide a brief overview of new
AWS educational initiatives and products including Ameri-
can Welding Online and the AWS virtual classroom. After
the presentation, AWS Education Services staff will be avail-
able to answer questions.
Thursday, November 13
Thermal Spray Demonstration Booth A2927
The International Thermal Spray Association will be hosting
a live demonstration of the twin wire arc thermal spray
process hourly in the Hall A Demonstration Area. Thermal
spray is a low-temperature method for applying thin metal-
lic and ceramic coatings to metal and nonmetal parts for
surface enhancement and restoration. The demonstration
will include the robotic application of pure zinc metal to a
variety of objects, including your own paper business cards.
Twin wire arc is one of several thermal spray technologies
available. In the twin wire process, two wires with opposite
electrical charge are fed into each other to create an arc,
melting the metal. A compressed air jet immediately behind
the arc sprays the molten metal forward onto the work-
piece. Using this process, it is possible to spray as much as
100 pounds of zinc per hour. Also, visit exhibitors in the
Thermal Spray Pavilion Aisle C1000 to learn more about
thermal spray equipment and coating service providers.
AWS 2014 Robotic Arc Welding Contest Hall A,
Booth A2825
Robotic welding technicians will compete to win free train-
ing and examination for the Certified Robotic Arc Welding
(CRAW) Operator or Technician certification. Competition
will include a timed written test and a challenging exercise
with a live welding robot. The first-place winner will receive
AWS CRAW training and the complimentary opportunity to
sit for an actual CRAW certification exam.
Who Should Compete?
Individuals at least 19 years old, have a state or military ap-
proved high school equivalency, and have three or more
years of experience in welding or robotics, with one year ex-
perience as a welder, including at least six months of experi-
ence in manual or semiautomatic welding.
To Enter the Contest
Register for the contest at the Robotic Welders Contest
booth on the show floor, Tuesday and Wednesday, or by
submitting an application (application available at
www.aws.org/certification/CRAW) by email to
crawcontest@aws.org. Applications submitted by email must
be received by no later than Friday, October 24, 2014.
Registration and Competition Hours
10:00 a.m. 6:00 p.m. (registration and competition)
Wednesday, November 12
9:00 a.m. 2:00 p.m. (registration and competition)
FABTECH
4:00 p.m. (awards)
9:00 a.m. 4:00 p.m. (robotic demonstrations all day)
AWS U.S. Invitational Weld Trials Booth A3145
8:00 a.m. 6:00 p.m.
8:00 a.m. 5:00 p.m.
8:00 a.m. 12:00 noon
The AWS U.S. Invitational Weld Trials is a part of the AWS
selection process to choose the TeamUSA welding competi-
tor for the 43rd WorldSkills Competition in So Paulo,
Brazil, in August 2015. Six of the top USA finalists will com-
pete for the top three positions as the selection process con-
tinues after the AWS U.S. Invitational Weld Trials. Medals
will be awarded to all of the top finishers as six additional
international competitors have been invited to join the tri-
als. Only the highest three U.S. competitors will be eligible
to become the TeamUSA welder, but the international com-
petitors will be eligible to receive medals from the AWS U.S.
Invitational Weld Trials. Come see the future global welding
workforce in action all week.
1:00 p.m. 2:00 p.m.
The Road to ATC Status (Free) Room C212
Learn how schools and facilities can (and should) be accred-
ited by AWS as an Approved Testing Center (ATC) to certify
robotic arc welding personnel via the CRAW program.
7:00 a.m. 6:00 p.m.
AWS Certification Exams Room C301/C302
Advance application required. Take the exam to certify as a
CWI, CWE, CWS, CWSR, SCWI, CWEng, or test for endorse-
ments. Call 1-800-443-9353 ext. 273, or go to
www. aws.org/certification for details on the certification and
registration requirements for each of these programs.
AWS Society Events
Monday, November 10
9:00 a.m. 12:00 noon
AWS Opening Session and
Annual Business Meeting Room C202204
During the AWS Opening Session and the 95th Annual Busi-
ness Meeting, 2014 AWS President Dean Wilson will give
the Presidential Report and Dave Landon will be inducted as
the AWS President for 2015. Following the induction, the
2014 Class of AWS Counselors and Fellows will also be in-
troduced. This meeting is open to all AWS Members and
show registrants.
10:30 a.m. 11:30 a.m.
Comfort A. Adams Lecture Rooms C202204
The Comfort A. Adams lecture this year is titled Four
Decades of Research in Developing Computational Weld
Mechanics at Carleton University by John C. Goldak. John
Goldak is Distinguished Research Professor and Lifetime
Emeritus Professor. He has a PhD in physical metallurgy
from the University of Alberta. Since 1965, he has been a
professor at Carleton University. From 1993 to 1997, he
held the NSERC-MRCO Industrial Research Chair in High
Pressure Die Casting. Internationally, he is best known for
his research in the computational mechanics of welds. In
particular, he is recognized for the development of a heat
source model for arc welds that is widely known as the Dou-
ble Ellipsoid Weld Pool Model. In 2011, The Welding Science
and Engineering Conference created The Pioneers of Com-
putational Weld Mechanics Award to honor the contribu-
tions of Professor Yukio Ueda, Osaka, Japan, and John
Goldak in the development of computational weld mechan-
ics. Goldak is a member of the Canadian Academy of Engi-
neering. He is founder and president of Goldak Technologies
Inc. (GTI), a company dedicated to developing software for
design-driven analysis of welded structures. GTI was award-
ed the John S. Hewitt Team Achievement Award by the
Canadian Nuclear Society in 2011 as a major player for its
computational weld mechanics analysis that contributed to
the successful repair of AECLs NRU reactor in 2009.
6:30 p.m.
AWS Officers/Presidents/Counterparts Reception
The Hilton Atlanta
This reception is held annually during the show and is
open to all registrants. Take advantage of this opportunity
to meet the AWS Officers, and network with members and
prospects. A complimentary hors doeuvres buffet is includ-
ed, along with a cash bar. Evening business attire, please.
12:00 noon 2:00 p.m.
AWS Awards/
AWS Foundation Luncheon Room C202204
As the Society and the industry it serves have grown, so has
the need to recognize outstanding scientists, engineers, ed-
ucators, and researchers. Join an assembly of distinguished
award presenters, recipients, and guests for a well-paced cer-
emony and a delicious lunch. The cost for attending the cer-
emony is $30 and is open to all registrants. Tickets will also
be available at the door.
2:00 p.m. 3:00 p.m.
AWS National Nominating Committee
Open Meeting Room C207
AWS Members are requested to submit their recommenda-
tions for National Officers to serve during 2016. Nomina-
FABTECH
tions must be accompanied by 16 copies of biographical ma-
terial on each candidate, including a written statement by
the candidate as to his/her willingness and ability to serve if
nominated and elected.
10:00 a.m. 10:30 a.m.
R.D. Thomas, Jr.,
International Lecture Room C212
The recipient of this years R.D. Thomas, Jr., Award is Dr. Beate
Rickes. Dr. Rickes obtained her Dipl.-Ing. and Dr. rer. nat. from
the University of Stuttgart. Her scientific work for both these
papers was carried out in the Powder Metallurgical Laboratory
of the Max Planck Institute of Material Science. Dr. Rickes
earned her European Welding Engineer diploma in 1994.
Since 1998, she has been actively involved in standardiza-
tion work and is the current chair of CEN/TC121, Welding
and allied processes, CEN/ TC 121/WG 3, Welding consum-
ables, and ISO/ TC44/SC3, Welding consumables. She is a
member of the German delegation to ISO/TC44, Welding
and allied processes, and the ISO/TC44-IIW-CEN/TC121
coordination committee.
In 2006, she was awarded the rarely conferred honorary
plaque of the Standards Committee for Welding by the
German National Standards Institute, DIN.
10:30 a.m. (immediately following the R.D. Thomas, Jr.,
International Lecture)
American Council of IIW Room C212
American Council of the IIW, meeting of the U.S. member
body of the International Institute of Welding.
12:00 noon 2:00 p.m.
Image of Welding
Awards Ceremony Room C202204
The best and brightest stars in the welding industry will be
honored for their outstanding industry achievements at the
12th Annual Image of Welding Awards. Presented by AWS
and WEMCO, a standing committee of AWS, the Image of
Welding Awards is the industrys top honors saluting the
years most outstanding public initiatives and programs that
promote the image of welding. By invitation only. This year,
the Image of Welding Awards Ceremony will be held in con-
junction with the AWS Section Appreciation Lunch.
Keynote Presentations
Free and Open To All Attendees
9:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m.
Creating U.S. Jobs and Bringing Thomas Murphy
Manufacturing Home Ballroom
Speaker: Cindi Marsiglio, Vice President, U.S. Manufacturing,
Walmart
Walmart has committed to spending $250 billion dollars
over the next decade on U.S.-made products. This effort will
create thousands of manufacturing jobs across the United
States and will create new business for both existing and
new Walmart suppliers. Walmart is currently working to en-
gage hundreds of suppliers and manufacturers with specific
states in an effort to overcome the complex challenges of
bringing these valuable jobs back to the United States. This
presentation will look at why this work is extremely impor-
tant, both in terms of rebuilding the middle class and pro-
viding customers with the best possible prices and quality.
12:30 p.m. 1:30 p.m.
Bridging the Manufacturing Skills Gap
with Veterans Room C101
There is a high demand for people to fill skilled manufactur-
ing jobs in the U.S. and companies are challenged to find the
right candidates for their open positions. At the same time,
thousands of veterans and National Guard members are ex-
iting military service looking for civilian careers. This ses-
sion will discuss the gap between available jobs and the
highly skilled veterans with desirable leadership qualities
seeking employment. Learn about the organizations and re-
sources available to connect both sides and how veterans
could be the key to bridging the skills gap.
FABTECH
NETWORKING EVENT
5:30 p.m. 7:30 p.m.
FABTECH Industry Night
Location: College Football Hall of Fame
Join your industry colleagues for a night you wont soon forget! Enjoy food and drinks while
connecting with old friends and new peers at the brand new College Football Hall of Fame in
Atlanta, within walking distance to the Georgia World Congress Center. We expect this to be
a sold-out event so be sure to purchase your tickets early when you register!
Advance tckets for FABTECH atendees are $50 and includes admission to the College
Football Hall of Fame, customized experience to your favorite college team, cocktails, and
hors doeuvres. (Tickets are $75 if purchased afer November 7.) Final details at
fabtechexpo.com/industrynight.
Moderator: Shane Hicks, VP Global Talent, EPICOR
Panel: Michael J. Aroney, Principal Consultant, Allied Reliability
Group; Joseph C. Barto III, Founder and President, Consulting &
Training TMG, Inc.; Steve Nowlan, President and CEO, Center
for America; Hernn Luis y Prado, President, Workshops for
Warriors
8:30 a.m. 9:30 a.m.
Be The Best You Can Be Thomas Murphy
Ballroom
Speaker: Rocky Bleier
Four-time Super Bowl Champion and Vietnam War veteran,
Rocky Bleier motivates audiences to keep on striving for
greater accomplishments. Rocky sees parallels between the
challenges he faced in the past and the challenges all business
people face in todays crowded, competitive marketplace. His
dynamic presentation, using real-life stories with a warm,
self-reflective humor, will provide attendees with the drive to
achieve their goals and improve their business. Dont fumble
away the opportunity to hear his inspiring message.
12:30 p.m. 1:30 p.m.
State of the Industry
Executive Outlook Room C101
The notable rebound of U.S. manufacturing activity has
raised the question of whether the sector might be experi-
encing a renaissance or just an uptick. Drivers such as
healthcare costs, labor, government regulations, energy
prices, and exchange rates are just some of the factors im-
pacting many of the businesses that attend FABTECH. Hear
manufacturing industry leaders who are faced with the same
issues discuss how they navigate these challenges to remain
competitive in todays economy. Join an interactive Q & A
afterward to ask questions and offer your perspective on the
future of the industry. Walk away with new insights that will
guide your business decisions for 2015 and beyond.
Moderator: Edwin Stanley, VP Sales and Finance, GH Metal
Solutions
Panel: Todd Henry, Operations Manager, Caterpillar, Inc.
Dave Whelan, SVP Supply Chain, Bluebird Corp.
8:30 a.m. 9:30 a.m.
Transforming Your Manufacturing Business
for the New Digital Age Thomas Murphy
Ballroom
Speaker: Mike Walton, Head of Manufacturing,
Google Enterprise
Its an exciting time to be a manufacturer. Everyday objects
like appliances, watches, cars, and equipment are increasing-
ly connected in an Internet of things, which means the op-
portunity to create new products is practically unlimited.
But if you dont innovate quickly, someone else will beat you
to it. In this presentation, youll learn how to accelerate new
product initiatives and time to profit using the latest digital
technology and tools. Youll find out how to improve collab-
oration across departments and your entire value chain. And
youll learn how to maximize lean processes and operational
efficiency with organization-wide access to consistent and
up-to-date information at all times.
FABTECH
Schedule at a Glance
Steve Garbiso, an AWS member, welds
pipe outside of downtown Atlanta.
FABTECH
FABTECH
FABTECH
FABTECH
FABTECH
Pick and choose between concurrent sessions for
the latest in welding research and commercial
developments. Pay by the day or attend the
entire fourday program, with special discounts
for students and members of AWS, FMA, SME,
PMA, or CCAI.
4day Professional Program Member: $225,
Nonmember: $310 Registration Code W32
4day Student Professional Program Member:
$75, Nonmember: $90 Registration Code W33
1day Professional Program Member: $150,
Nonmember: $235
Monday Registration W28, Tuesday Registration
W29, Wednesday Registration W30, Thursday
Registration W31
Monday, November 10
1:00 p.m. 5:30 p.m.
SESSION 1: Room C210
WELDING METALLURGY AND WELDABILITY ISSUES
Chair: Prof. B. A. Chin, Auburn University and Dr. J. Caron,
Haynes International, Inc.
A. 1:00 p.m. Microstructural Evolution in a 304L Heat
Affected Zone
Lisa Deibler, Arthur Brown, and
Lauren Beghini, Sandia National
Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM
B. 1:30 p.m. The Weld Metal Microfissuring Mechanism
in an FeNiCoCr Alloy
Jeremy Caron, Haynes International, Inc.,
Kokomo, IN
C. 2:00 p.m. Susceptibility to Hydrogen Assisted Cracking
in Grade T12, T22, T23, and T24 Creep
Resistant Steels
Joseph Steiner, Xiuli Feng, Boian T.
Alexandrov, and John C. Lippold, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, OH
D. 2:30 p.m. DeformationInduced Martensite in
Austenitic Stainless Steel Welds
Jeffrey Rodelas, Michael C. Maguire, and
Joseph R. Michael, Sandia National
Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM
E. 3:00 p.m. Weldability of Modern, Advanced High
Strength Steels Using Implant Testing with
Hydrogen Charging
Ali H. AlShawaf and Stephen Liu, Colorado
School of Mines, Golden, CO
F. 3:30 p.m. Effect of Cr on Eutectic Phase Formation
and Solidification Temperature Range in
NiCrTa and NiCrNb System
Xiuli Feng, Adam Hope, and John C. Lippold,
The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
G. 4:00 p.m. Spin Effect on Wavy Interface in Explosive
SpinImpact Welding of Copper to Low
Carbon Steel
Jianping He, Steve R. Best, Howard C. Wikle,
and Bryan A. Chin, Auburn University, AL
H. 4:30 p.m. StressRelief Cracking in CreepResistant
Steel Welds
Katie Strader, Xiuli Feng, Boian T. Alexander,
and John C. Lippold, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH
I. 5:00 p.m. Titanium Effect on Weld Microstructure
and Mechanical Properties
Hee Jin Kim and Young-min Kim, KITECH,
Inchon, South Korea Kangmyung Seo,
Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
1:00 p.m. 5:00 p.m.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WELDMENTS
Chair: Dr. Z. Feng, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
A. 1:00 p.m. Effect of Subsequent Passes on the
Mechanical Properties of the Root Pass of
an API 5l X80 Steel Pipe Weld
Mario Iacono, Jaime C. Soeiro Jr., and
Sergio Duarte Brandi, Universidade de
So Paulo, So Paulo, Brazil
B. 1:30 p.m. Characterization of Multiple Welding Cycles
on the Mechanical Properties of Titanium
Alloys
Andrew Deceuster and Mark Baugh,
Weber State University, Ogden, UT
C. 2:00 p.m. The Effect of Nickel on Strength and
Toughness in HighStrength LowAlloy
(HSLA) Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)
MultiplePass Welds
Kin-Ling Sham and Stephen Liu, Colorado
D. 2:30 p.m. Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical
Properties of the Simulated HeatAffected
Zones in Precipitation Hardened Stainless
Steels 174, 174+Co, and 138+Mo
Robert Hamlin and John DuPont,
Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA
Welding Show 2014 Professional Program
FABTECH
E. 3:00 PM The Effect of Precipitate Evolution on
Toughness of 2.25Cr1Mo Steel Submerged
Arc Welds
Soumya Moham and John Lippold,
The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH;
Badri Narayanan, Shenjia Zhang, and
Teresa Melfi, Lincoln Electric, Cleveland, OH
F. 3:30 p.m. Mechanical Properties and Microstructural
Evolution of Thermally Simulated Eglin Steel
Brett Leister and John DuPont, Lehigh
University, Bethlehem, PA
G. 4:00 p.m. Comparison of Longitudinal Mechanical
Properties of Nitronic 40 Electron Beam
Welded and Laser Beam Welds
Erik Pfeif, Stephen Liu, Dan Javernick, and
David Olson, Colorado School of Mines,
Golden, CO
H. 4:30 p.m. Fullfield Creep Deformation Measurement
in Grade 91 Steel Weldments
Xinghua Yu, Yukinori Yamamoto, and
Zhili Feng, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
Oak Ridge, TN
1:00 p.m. 5:30 p.m.
ADVANCES IN ARC WELDING PROCESSES
Chair: Dr. Ian Harris, EWI, and Prof. Z. Yu, Colorado School
of Mines
A. 1:00 p.m. Spattering Measurement during GMA
Welding of Austenitic and Duplex Stainless
Steels
Thonson Ferreira Costa, Diandro Bailoni
Fernandes, Edmundo Benedetti Filho,
Carolina Pimenta Mota, and Louriel Oliveira
Vilaninho, Federal University of Uberlndia,
Uberlndia, Brazil
B. 1:30 p.m. Evolution in Laser Enhanced GMAW:
Combine Laser Irradiation and Droplet
Oscillation
Jun Xiao, Harbin Institute of Technology,
Harbin, China, and YuMing Zhang,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
C. 2:00 p.m. Correlation between Metallic Transfer
Stability in ShortCircuit Mode with Process
Performance for MIG/MAG Positional
Welding
Diandro Bailoni Fernandes and Louriel
Oliveira Vilarinho, Federal University of
Uberlandia, Uberlndia, Brazil
D. 2:30 p.m. Controlled Waveform, LowHeat Input
GMAW for Reduced Distortion in
Shipbuilding Applications
Jeff Farren and Gene Franke, Naval Surface
Warfare Center, Carderock Division,
W. Bethesda, MD
E. 3:00 p.m. Extending Thickness Capability for Keyhole
Plasma Arc Welding
Ian Harris and Adam Uziel, EWI, Columbus,
OH
F. 3:30 p.m. Correlation between Superficial Aspect of
Weld Beads and Regularity of ShortCircuit
GMAW for Austenitic and Duplex Stainless
Steels
Thonson Ferreira Costa, Carolina Pimenta
Mota, Marcus Vinicius Ribeiro Machado, and
Louriel Oliveira Vilarinho, Federal University
of Uberlndia, Uberlandia, Brazil
G. 4:00 p.m. Hybrid Induction Arc Welding (HIAW), an
Innovative New Welding Process for Reduced
Distortion and Increased Productivity
Jerry Jones, Valerie L. Rhoades, and
Todd Holverson, EnergynTech, Inc.,
Lakewood, CO
H. 4:30 p.m. GTA Welding of Cast Bronze with Stainless
Steel
Nathan Switzner, Zhenzhen Yu, Stephen Liu,
and Tony Workman, Colorado School of
Mines, Golden, CO
I. 5:00 p.m. Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) Welding of
Dissimilar Materials
Rui Cao and Jianhong Chen, Lanzhou
University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
Pei-Chung Wang, GM Global Research and
Development Center, Warren, MI
8:00 a.m. 12 noon
CIMJSEA WELDING METALLURGY AND WELDABILITY
Chair: Prof. John C. Lippold and Dr. Boian Alexandrov,
The Ohio State University
A. 8:00 a.m. Ferritic and Austenitic Welds in High
Strength Steels: Metallurgical
Characterization and Weldability Evaluation
Matthew Duffey, Boian Alexandrov, and
John Lawmon, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, OH
B. 8:30 a.m. Evaluation of Solidification Cracking
Susceptibility in High Chromium, NiBase
Filler Metals Using the Cast Pin Tear Test
Eric Przybylowicz, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, OH
C. 9:00 a.m. Development of a HighN, HighMn
Austenitic Stainless Steel Laser Weldability
Diagram
Stephen Tate and Stephen Liu, Colorado
FABTECH
D. 9:30 a.m. Stress Relaxation of Candidate NickelBase
Superalloy Welds for Advanced Supercritical
CoalFired Power Plants
David Tung and John Lippold, The Ohio State
E. 10:00 a.m. Characterization of LaserPowder Bed
Fusion Additive Manufacturing and Heat
Treatment of Nickel Base Superalloy
Hye Yun Song and Wei Zhang, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, OH, and Shawn Kelly,
EWI, Columbus, OH
F. 10:30 a.m. Liquation Cracking in Arc and FrictionStir
Welding of MgZn Alloys
Derek D. Landwehr, X. Chai, and S. Kou,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
G. 11:00 a.m. Weldability Evaluation in Autogenous
Welds of Alloys 230, 825, and 800H, and in
Dissimilar Metal Weld of Alloy 230 to P91
Steel
Sanghyun Suh and Boian Alexndrov, The
Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
H. 11:30 a.m. Metallurgical Characterization of High
Strength Alloys Competitive Evaluation of
Welding versus Hot Induction Bending
Tiffany Ngan, Boian Alexandrov,
John Lippold, and John Lawmon, The Ohio
8:00 a.m. 11:30 a.m.
ADVANCES IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES
Chair: Dr. Patrick W. Hochanadel and Dr. Thomas J. Lienert,
Los Alamos National Laboratory
A. 8:00 a.m. Wrought Metal Deposition via Additive
Friction Stir for Additive Manufacturing
Kumar Kandasamy, Jeff Schultz, and
Jacob Calvert, Aeroprobe Corporation,
Christiansburg, VA
B. 8:30 a.m. Mechanical Properties of Laser DMD and
GMAW Cladded Maraging Steels
Bishal Silwal, Michael Kottman, and
David Schwam, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, OH
C. 9:00 a.m. Investigation of Additive Manufacturing
by Friction Stir Processes
by Scott Miller and Sladjan Lazarevic,
University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu,
Hawaii
D. 9:30 a.m. PostProcessing of Additive Manufacturing
of Ti64
Jennifer Wolk and Caroline Scheck, Naval
Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division,
W. Bethesda, MD
E. 10:00 a.m. Additive Manufacturing Using Arc Welding
Ian Harris and Marc Purslow, EWI,
Columbus, OH
F. 10:30 a.m Characterization of a Laser Additive
Manufacturing System
Jacob Sutton, Benjamin Morrow,
Vincent B. Hesch, John S. Carpenter, and
T. J. Lienert, Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM
G. 11:00 a.m. Characterization of a 316L Stainless Steel
Cylinder Produced Using Laser Additive
Manufacturing
T. J. Lienert, J. O. Sutton, B. M. Morrow,
R. T. Forsyth, and V. B. Hesch, Los Alamos
National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM
8:00 a.m. 11:30 a.m.
HIGH ENERGY DENSITY WELDING PROCESSES
Chair: Dr. Todd A. Palmer, The Pennsylvania State University,
and Prof. Dave Farson, The Ohio State University
A. 8:00 a.m. Weld Bead Center Line Shift during Laser
Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steels with
Different Sulfur Content
T. J. Lienert, P. Burgardt, R. T. Forsyth, and
K. L. Harada, Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, NN
T. DebRoy, Penn State University, State
College, PA
B. 8:30 a.m. Welding with the Laser in Vacuum: Results
from the First Industrial Applications
Michael Muecke and John Rugh, PTR,
Hessen, Germany
C. 9:00 a.m. Root Defects in FullPenetration Laser
Welds
Jared Blecher and Tarasankar DebRoy,
Penn State University, State College, PA, and
Todd A. Palmer, Applied Research Laboratory,
University Park, PA
D. 9:30 a.m. Highly Efficient Joining Solutions: Indexing
type Production Machines Using Electron
Beam Welding
Michael Muecke, PTR, Hessen, Germany
E. 10:00 a.m. Effects of Machining and Cleaning on the
Electron Beam Welding of 304L Stainless
Steel, Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V, and
Aluminum Alloy 5052
Patrick Hochanadel, Paul Burgardt,
Doug Kautz, and Carl Cross, Los Alamos
National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM
F. 10:30 a.m. Simulation Prediction of the Correlation of
Solidification Conditions to Microstructure
FABTECH
of Multilayer IN718 Laser Clads
Yousub Lee and Dave Farson, The Ohio State
G. 11:00 a.m. Fiber Laser Welding of 304 Stainless Steel
and the Effects of Various Parameters on
Materials Coupling and BackReflection
William Stellwag, Honeywell FM&T,
Holt, MO
2:00 p.m. 5:30 p.m.
CIMJSEA MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ISSUES
Chair: Prof. John N. DuPont, Lehigh University, and Prof.
Stephen Liu, Colorado School of Mines
A. 2:00 p.m. Fracture Behavior of Hydrogen Assisted
Cracks in Dissimilar Metal Welds under
Cathodic Protection
Desmond Bourgeois, Boian Alexandrov,
Jamey Fenske, and John Lippold, The Ohio
B. 2:30 p.m. Microstructural Evolution and Creep
Rupture Behavior of INCONEL Alloy 740H
Welds
Daniel Bechetti and John DuPont,
Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA
C. 3:00 p.m. Comparative Tensile Strength and Shear
Strength of Explosion Clad Materials
Curtis Prothe, John Banker, and Stephen Liu,
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO
D. 3:30 p.m. The Assessment of the Satoh Test for
Understanding Residual Stress Evolution
in Welds
Jonathan Galler and John DuPont, Lehigh
University, Bethlehem, PA
E. 4:00 p.m. Toward Fundamental Understanding of
Stress Corrosion Cracking in Gas Metal Arc
Welds of HighStrength Aluminum Alloy
7003
Tyler Borchers, Wei Zhang, and Don
McAllister, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, OH
F. 4:30 p.m. Butt and Lap Welding of Magnesium
Alloys by Gas Metal Arc Welding
Xiao Chai and Sindo Kou, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, WI
G. 5:00 p.m. Effect of Low Transformation Temperature
Welding Consumables on Mechanical
Properties of Lap Joints
Zhifen Wang, Stephen Liu, and Zhili Feng,
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO
2:00 p.m. 5:30 p.m.
ADVANCES IN WELD MODELING 1
Chair: Dr. Y. Yang, EWI, and Mr. Gentry Wood,
University of Alberta
A. 2:00 p.m. A New ThreeDimensional MultiScale
Model to Study Solidification and
Deformation of a Semisolid Aluminum
Alloy Weld Pool
Hamid Reza Zareie Rajani and Andre Phillion,
University of British Columbia, Kelowna,
Canada
B. 2:30 p.m. Numerical Modeling of a Moving,
Oscillating Welding Heat Source
Matthew Sinfield, Charles Fisher, and
Brian Schula, Naval Surface Warfare Center,
Carderock Division, W. Bethesda, MD
C. 3:00 p.m. New Formulae for Calculating Weld
Shrinkage
Yu-Ping Yang, Harvey Castner, and Randy
Dull, EWI, Columbus, OH
D. 3:30 p.m. Development and Applications of
MultiPhysics Coupled Numerical Model for
Friction Stir Welding
Gaoqiang Chen and Zhili Feng, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, and
Qingyu Shi, Tsinghua University, Beijing,
China
E. 4:00 p.m. A Scaling Approach to Weld Procedure
Development
by Gentry Wood, Shahrukh Islam, and
Patricio Mendez, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, Canada
F. 4:30 p.m. Electrode Geometry Effects on Nugget
Growth and Heat Transfer Affecting
Microstructure during Resistance Spot Welding
P.S. Wei and T. H. Wu, National Sun Yat-Sen
University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
G. 5:00 p.m. Numerical Study of the Solidification
Process in the Cast Pin Tear Test
Huimin Wang and Boian Alexandrov,
8:00 a.m. 10:30 a.m.
KEYNOTE PRESENTATIONS
Chair: Prof. John N. DuPont, Lehigh University, and Dr.
Thomas J. Lienert, Los Alamos National Laboratory
A. 8:00 a.m. Wear Resistant Overlays for Oil and Gas
and Mining Applications
Patricio Mendez, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, Canada
FABTECH
B. 9:00 a.m. At the Crossroads of Welding and Additive
Manufacturing: Review of Scientific and
Technical Challenges
Suresh Babu, University of Tennessee,
Knoxville, TN
10:00 a.m. 12:00 p.m.
ADVANCES IN NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING
Chair: Dr. Maria Posada, Naval Surface Warfare Center,
Carderock Division
A. 10:00 a.m. Conventional Nondestructive Evaluation
Performance Validation and Verification for
Ashlee Floyd and Maria Posada, NAVESEA-
Naval Surface Warfare Center, W. Bethesda,
MD
B. 10:30 a.m. Online Resistance Spot Weld Inspection
System Based on IR Thermography
Jian Chen and Zhili Feng, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
C. 11:00 a.m. A Novel Ultrasonic TOFD Technique for
Defect Detection In FSW Weldment
Dazhao Chi and Tie Gang, Harbin Institute
of Technology, Harbin, China
D. 11:30 a.m. An Evaluation Method for the Ultrasonic
Detection of Typical FSW Defects by the
Scanning Laser Source
Huabin Chen, Jifeng Wang, and Tao Lin,
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai,
China
10:00 a.m. 12:00 p.m.
PROGRESS IN FILLER METALS
Chair: Dr. Susan Fiore, Hobart Brothers Company; Dr. Badri
Narayanan, Lincoln Electric Company
A. 10:00 a.m. New Filler Metal for Producing HighSpeed
Welds in ThinGauge Coated Steels with
Minimal Porosity
Susan Fiore, Hobart Brothers Company,
Troy, OH
B. 10:30 a.m. Solutions for Welding over Zinc Coated
Steels
Badri Narayanan, Judah Henry, and Yen-Chih
Liao, Lincoln Electric Company, Cleveland,
OH
C. 11:00 a.m. Weldability and Characterization of a
New HafniumBearing HighChromium
NickelBased Filler Metal
Adam Hope, Verner Kreuter, and
John Lippold, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, OH
D. 11:30 a.m. Lowering Exposure to Manganese with
New Filler Metal Technology
Susan Fiore, Steve Barhorst, and
Mario Amata, Hobart Brothers Company,
Troy, OH
2:00 p.m. 6:00 p.m.
UPDATES ON INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY 1
Chair: Dr. Daniel Hartman, MBS
A. 2:00 p.m. Failure Analysis of Dissimilar Weld Joint
(DMW) on Transfer Line of Direct Reduction
Steel Plant
Hamad Almostaneer, Kphraim Mokgothu,
Abdulaziz Al-Meshari, and Harry Schrijen,
MCSD Manufacturing Center of
Excellence-SABIC, Jubail Industrial City,
Saudi Arabia
B. 2:30 p.m. A Study on Pitting Corrosion Resistance for
SmallDiameter Super Duplex Stainless Steel
Weld Joint
Young-Ho Cho, I. P. Hong, B. C. Bae, Y. P. Kim,
and J. T. Choi, Hyundai Heavy Industries,
Ulsan, South Korea
C. 3:00 p.m. Effect of Nozzle Diameter on Weldability
of PlasmaGMA Hybrid Welding
Hee-Keun Lee, Jin-Young Kim, and
Ha-Taek Chung, Dawewoo Shipbuilding
Marine Engineering Co., South Korea,
Chung-Yun Kang and Sang-Hyeon Park,
Pusan National University, Busan, South
Korea
D. 3:30 p.m. CopperFree Welding Wire Finishing
Process and Materials
Michaela Boockmann, Kai Boockmann,
Gerhard Boockmann, and Richard Fichtner,
Boockmann GmbH, Bavaria, Germany
E. 4:00 p.m. Waveforms in Arc Welding of Aluminum
Alloys, Part II
Jian Zhang and Murat Acar, Lincoln Electric
Company, Cleveland, OH
F. 4:30 p.m. Study and Analyses of Process Stability of
the Background Current in Pulsed Current
Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAWP)
Rajasekaran Shanmugam, Vignan University,
Andhra Paradesh, India, and R. Umarani,
El-Shaddai Welding and Cutting Consultants,
Tamilnadu, India
G. 5:00 p.m. In Pursuit of Optimum Weld Parameters
The How To
Chris Bertoni, Flower Mound, TX
H. 5:30 p.m. Narrow Gap Robotic GTA Welding for
Manufacture of Heavy Thick Wall Plate
Ryoon Han Kim, Ulsan, South Korea
FABTECH
2:00 p.m. 6:00 p.m.
DEVELOPMENTS IN FRICTION STIR WELDING 1
Chair: Prof Yoni Adonyi, LeTourneau University; Mr. Tim
Stotler, EWI
A. 2:00 p.m. Friction Stir Welding of 25 mm AA 7075T7
by Fixed Gap Bobbin Tool
Benjamin Nelson, Manufacturing
Technology, Inc., South Bend, IN
B. 2:30 p.m. Demonstrating Friction Stir Welding
Technology for the Fabrication of UNF
Storage Containers
Gary Cannell, Fluor Enterprises, Inc.,
Richland, WA, and Glenn Grant, Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Richland,
WA
C. 3:00 p.m. Joint Efficiency Effects Caused by Direct
Liquid Cooling of Tools during FSW of AA
6061T6
Benjamin Nelson, Manufacturing
D. 3:30 p.m. Tool and Preheat Coil Offset in Dissimilar
Yoni Adonyi, Judah Rutledge, and Puhao
Wang, LeTourneau University, Longview, TX
E. 4:00 p.m. A New Approach to Robotic Friction Stir
Welding: Applying a Seven Axis Hydraulic
Servo Robot to the FSW Process
Vernon Mangold, Kaysafety, Dayton, OH
F. 4:30 p.m. Optimization of Welding and Manufacturing
Variables for Friction Stir Welded Aluminum
Ship Panels
Tim Stotler, John Seaman, and Harvey
Castner, EWI, Columbus, OH
G. 5:00 p.m. Joining of HSLA Steel to Al 5083 Alloy by
Maria Posada, Naval Surface Warfare Center,
Carderock Division, W. Bethesda, MD
Harpreet Sidhar and Rajiv Mishra, University
of North Texas, Denton, TX
H. 5:30 p.m. Application of Power and Temperature
Control in FSW
Scott Rose and Kenneth Rose, Manufacturing
8:00 a.m. 11:30 a.m.
ADVANCES IN WELD OVERLAYS AND HARDFACING
Chair: Prof. Patricio Mendez, University of Alberta
A. 8:00 a.m. Effect of AC Polarity Balance on SAW
Deposition of Chrome Carbide Overlays
Patricio Mendez, Steven Borle, and
Ivan Le Gall, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, Canada
B. 8:30 a.m. Microstructural Characterization of
Dissimilar Metal Cold Metal Transfer Weld
Overlays
Thomas Daniels and Boian Alexandrov,
C. 9:00 a.m. Optimizing Laser Hot Wire Process for
Nickel Alloy Overlays
Shenjia Zhang, Paul Denney, and
Badri K. Narayanan, Lincoln Electric
Company, Cleveland, OH
D. 9:30 a.m. Optimization of CCO Microstructure
through Cooling Rate Control
Narin Barnes and Patricio Mendez,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
E. 10:00 a.m. Cold Metal Transfer Weld Overlays on
Carbon Steel for Nuclear Power Application
Nate McVicker, Boian Alexandrov, and
John Lippold, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, OH
F. 10:30 a.m. SuperDuplex Stainless Steel Overlays Using
EQ2594 Strip Metal In Electroslag Welding,
Properties and Performance
Johan Lothman and Anders Wllero,
Sandvik Materials Technology, Sandvik,
Sweden
G. 11:00 a.m. Hardfacing Material Solutions for High
Performance Coatings in Wear and
Corrosion Applications
Frank Schreiber, Cornel Schreuders, and
Peter Knauf, Durum Verschleiss-Schutz
GmbH, Willich, Germany
8:00 a.m. 11:30 a.m.
PROGRESS IN SENSING AND CONTROL
Chair: Prof. YuMing Zhang, University of Kentucky
A. 8:00 a.m. Human Welder Intelligent Modeling and
Control Using Virtualized Welding Platform
Yukang Liu, Ning Huang, and YuMing Zhang,
B. 8:30 a.m. Insitu Thermal Strain Measurement
Adjacent to Weld Pool
Jian Chen, Xinghua Yu, Roger G. Miller, and
Oak Ridge, TN
C. 9:00 a.m. Embedded Monitoring and Control Systems
For Pipe Welding
FABTECH
Louriel Oliveria Vilarinho, Andres Fischdick
Acua, Joo Carlos de Freitas, Leonardo da
Paixo Carvalho, and Victor Augusto
Nascimento Magalhes, Federal University
of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
E. 9:30 a.m. Machine Assisted Travel Speed Control in
GTAW
Ning Huang, YuKang Liu, and YuMing
Zhang, University of Kentucky, Lexington,
KY Shujun Chen, Beijing University of
Technology, Beijing, China
F. 10:00 a.m. Assessment of Derivatives ShortCircuit
Welding Monitoring with Nearinfrared
Vision System
Carolina Pimenta Mota, Marcus Vinicius
Ribeiro Machado, Louriel Oliveira Vilarinho,
and Roberto Mendes Finzi Neto, Federal
University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
G. 10:30 a.m. A Mobile Sensing System for Weld Pool
Surface in Manual GTAW Process
Weijie Zhang, Valiant International Inc.,
Sterling Heights, MI, and YuMing Zhang,
H. 11:00 a.m. ShortCircuit Metal Transfer Regularity
Index on GMA Welding by SoundBased
Monitoring
Marcus Riberiro Machado, Carolina Pimenta
Mota, Luiz Carlos de Menezes Jr., Roberto
Mendes Finzi Neto, and Louriel Oliveira
Vilarinho, Federal University of Uberlandia,
Uberlndia, Brazil
8:00 a.m. 11:00 a.m.
CIMJSEA DEVELOPMENTS IN WELD MODELING
Chair: Prof. Sindo Kou, University of Wisconsin, Madison;
Prof. W. Zhang, The Ohio State University
A. 8:00 a.m. Dimensionless Parameters to Characterize
Weld Geometry for Pulsed Laser Welding
Brandon Kemerling and Dave Farson,
B. 8:30 a.m. Effect of Filler Metal on Liquation Cracking
in Mg Alloys
Tayfun Soysal and Sindo Kou, University of
Wisconsin, Madision, WI
C. 9:00 a.m. Predictive Modeling of Inertia Friction
Welding Dissimilar NiBase Superalloys
Daniel Tung and Wei Zhang, The Ohio State
D. 9:30 a.m. Development of Aluminum Matrix
Composites for Solid Freeform Fabrication
Devon Gonzales, Stephen Liu, and
Marcia Domack, Colorado School of Mines,
Golden, CO
E. 10:00 a.m. Toward Understanding of Nickel Alloy Weld
Metal Dilution through Weld Pool Physics
Modeling
Wei Zhang, Kaiwen Zhang, and Xiaosong
Feng, The Ohio State University, Columbus,
OH, and Jeffrey Enneking, Areva NP Inc.,
Lynhcburg, VA
F. 10:30 a.m. MultiScale FEA Modeling of Brazed Joint
Structures in NiBased Superalloys for Gas
Turbine Applications
Bryan Riggs, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, OH
1:30 p.m. 4:00 p.m.
DEVELOPMENTS IN FRICTION STIR WELDING 2
Chair: Dr. Maria Posada, Naval Surface Warfare Center,
Carderock Division
A. 1:30 p.m. Initial Results of Prototype Portable High
Rotational Speed Friction Stir Welder
Charles Fisher and Carrie Davis, Naval
Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division,
W. Bethesda, MD
B. 2:00 p.m. Applying Friction Stir Welding to Advanced
Reactor Components
Zak Pramann, EWI, Columbus, OH,
Dave Mennel, Major Tool & Machine, Inc.,
Indianapolis, IN, and Jim Chrzanowski,
Princeton, NJ
C. 2:30 p.m. FSW Technology for Marine Applications
Jonathan Martin and Sam Wei, TWI
Technology Centre (Yorkshire), South
Yorkshire, United Kingdom
D. 3:00 p.m. Repair of Friction Stir Welded AA6082T6
Extrusions
David Lammlein, Naval Surface Warfare
Center, Carderock Division, W. Bethesda, MD
E. 3:30 p.m. Study of Mechanical Strength of
Aluminum/Steel Spot Welded by Friction
Bit Joining under Corrosion Medium
Yong Chae Lim, Tsung-Yu Pan, and
Oak Ridge, TN, and Lile Squires and Michael
Miles, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT
1:30 p.m. 4:00 p.m.
UPDATES ON INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY 2
Chair: Nancy Porter, EWI
A. 1:30 p.m. Robotic Welding of VCS Assemblies
Adam Uziel and Nancy Porter, EWI,
Columbus, OH, and Ned Kaminski, General
Dynamics Electric Boat, North Kingstown, RI
FABTECH
B. 2:00 p.m. Repair Welding of Sensitized Aluminum
5456
Kim Ngoc Tran and Caroline Scheck, Naval
Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division,
W. Bestheda, MD
C. 2:30 p.m. Conventional and Controlled ShortCircuit
GMAW Processes for Downhill Pipe Welding
Louriel Oliveira Vilarinho, Federal University
of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil,
Andres Fischdick Acua, Joo Carlos de
Freitas, and Leonardo da Paixo Carvalho,
Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Victor
Augusto Nascimento Magalhes, Federal
University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e
Mucuri, Biamantina, Brazil
D. 3:00 p.m. Protecting Sensors in the Automated
Welding Cell: The Fastest Way to Productivity
Dave Bird and Will Healy II, Balluff Inc.,
Florence, KY
E. 3:30 p.m. Advanced Welding Technologies to Improve
Hull Fabrication for Virginia Class
Submarines
Nancy Porter and Nick Kapustka, EWI,
Columbus, OH, Erin Foster and
Christopher Barret, Electic Boat Corp.,
North Kingstown, RI
1:30 p.m. 3:30 p.m.
ADVANCES IN WELD MODELING 2
Chair: Prof. Patricio Mendez, University of Alberta
A. 1:30 p.m. BurnOff Rate Models for Conventional
ShortCircuit GMAW with Different Shielding
Gases and Welding Positions
Diandro Bailoni Fernandes and Louriel
Oliveira Vilaninho, Federal University of
Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil, and
Laura Oliveira Vilaninho, CTBC/Algar
Telecom, Uberlandia, Brazil
B. 2:00 p.m. Heat Transfer in Local Postweld Heat
Treatment for Grade 91 Steel Piping
Jacob Walker, Utah State University, Logan,
UT, and Leijun Li, University of Alberta,
Edmonton, Canada
C. 2:30 p.m. Extension of Cooling Curve Analysis to
Simultaneous Phase Transformations
Ata Kamyabi Gol and Patricio Mendez,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
D. 3:00 p.m. Study of Plastic Strain Distribution in
Dissimilar Metal Weld by Microhardness
Mapping
Xinghua Yu, Stan David, and Zhili Feng,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,
TN; Dongxiao Qiao, Tsinghua University,
Beijing, China; and Paul Crooker, Electric
Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA
AWS Poster Session
The AWS Poster Session held November 1113 during show
hours is an integral part of the AWS Professional Program.
Graphic displays of technical achievements are presented for
close, first-hand examination in the Poster Session. Posters
present welding results and related material, which are best
communicated visually, as well as research results that call for
close study of photomicrographs, tables, systems architecture,
or other illustrative materials. Posters are presented in five
categories: Students in High School Welding Program, Stu-
dents in a Two-Year College or Certificate Program, Under-
graduate Students, Graduate Students, and Professionals. Be
sure to stop by and observe this years entries.
Category A: 2Year Degree Student Level
Effect of Diffusible Hydrogen in HighStrength Steel Welds
Erin Anderson, Cuesta College
Category B: 4Year Degree Student Level
Mechanized vs. Manual GMA Welding
Nick Wiley, Jake Zwayer, and David Haury, The Ohio State
University
Impact of Light Dressing Electrodes for Aluminum
Resistance Spot Welding
Jim Beaver, Ben Harris, and James Rayo, The Ohio State
University
Inconel 718 and Titanium 64 Heat Affected Zone Size
Evaluation
Kaiwen Zhang, Robert Kurth, and Colton Ritz, The Ohio State
University
Procedural Development for Automated Synergic GMAW
E. Buehler, D. Chapman, and M. Schmitz, The Ohio State Uni
versity
Comparing DCEP and AC Polarity GMA Welding
of Aluminum
Andrew DeLong and Kevin Girard, The Ohio State University
Parameter Optimization for Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding
Casey Bogosian and Case Jeremy, The Ohio State University
Evaluation of New SilverFree Brazing Filler Metals
Matthew Duffey, Matthew Loney, and Jacob Marchal, The
Ohio State University
Category C: Graduate
Wide Gap Brazing for the Repair of Nickel Superalloys:
Spreadability
Cheryl Hawk and Stephen Liu, Colorado School of Mines and
Srikanth Kottilingam, General Electric
Conferences
8:00 a.m. 5:00 p.m.
So Youre The New Welding Engineer Room C302
This two-day conference is for managers/engineers/design-
ers, and others with welding responsibility but limited expo-
sure/background in welding. The session is based on arc
welding applications but the principles have universal appli-
cability. Presentations and discussion are based on the Ap-
plication Analysis Worksheet, which was developed to teach
a senior college course to engineers about to enter industry,
with the objective of helping them develop a path to under-
stand and deal with the challenges they were about to face.
Day 1Tuesday
8:00 a.m. 8:30 a.m.
Welcome and Introduction
Team
8:30 a.m. 10:00 a.m.
The Application Analysis
Fritz Saenger, Consultant, Mt. Pleasant, SC
10:00 a.m. 11:00 a.m.
Key Background Information
Walter Sperko, Sperko Engineering Services, Inc.,
Greensboro, NC
11:00 a.m. 12:00 noon
Matching the Base Materials and the Weld
Tom Myers, Lincoln Electric, Cleveland, OH
12:00 noon 1:00 p.m. Lunch
1:00 p.m. 2:00 p.m.
Pre and Post Weld Operations
Mike Rice, Nooter Corporation, St. Louis, MO
2:00 p.m. 3:30 p.m.
Arc Welding Process Modes What are You
Using? What are Advanced Modes? Would
You Benefit from Advanced Equipment and
Techniques?
Bob Bitzky, ESAB, Florence, SC
3:30 p.m. 4:30 p.m.
The Welding Procedure
Lee Kvidahl, Ingalls Shipbuilding, Pascagoula, MS
4:30 p.m. 5:00 p.m.
Making Your Procedure Robust: Controlling the
Critical Parameters
Dennis Harwig, American Welding Society, Miami, FL
Day 2Wednesday
8:00 a.m. 9:00 a.m.
Weld Quality Requirements of Different
Types of Applications: Commercial, Military,
Industry, etc.
Dick Holdren, Arc Specialties, Houston, TX
9:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m.
Welding Costs
Pete Ullman, Techniweld
10:00 a.m. 11:00 a.m.
The Automation Decision
Jeff Noruk, Servo Robot Corp., Mequon, WI
11:00 a.m. 12:00 noon
What is Productivity?
Fritz Saenger, Consultant, Mt. Pleasant, SC
1:00 p.m. 2:00 p.m.
Welding Safety
Kevin Lyttle, Praxair, Tonawanda, NY
2:00 p.m. 3:00 p.m.
Aluminum
Tony Anderson, Miller Electric Co., Appleton, WI
FABTECH
3:00 p.m. 4:00 p.m.
Stainless and Heat Resisting Steels
William Newell, W.F. Newell & Associates, Inc., Mooresville, NC
4:00 p.m. 4:30 p.m.
Review of the Applications Analysis
and a To Do List
Team
4:30 p.m. 5:00 p.m.
Adjourn and Individual Discussions
1:00 p.m. 4:00 p.m.
Thermal Spray Basics: Putting Coatings To Work
Registration Code: W25 Free
Presenters: James Weber, Sulzer Chemtech USA, Humble, TX,
David Wright, Accuwright Industries, Gilbert, AZ
This basic introduction to thermal spray benefits will cover
four major areas: processes, equipment, applications, and
industry usage.
Processes covered will include molten metal flame spray-
ing, powder flame spraying, wire flame spraying, ceramic
rod flame spraying, detonation flame spraying, high velocity
oxyfuel spraying (HVOF), cold spraying, plasma spraying,
electric are spraying, and RF plasma spraying.
Several spray guns will be available for attendees to handle
and discuss throughout the class. Other larger items such as
complex systems and spray booths will be illustrated and
discussed.
Application examples will be presented for a variety of re-
quirements from several different industries.
Industry usage charts will be reviewed listing several
processes and coating applications used by various
industries.
8:00 a.m. 4:45 p.m.
Thermal Spray Technology:
HighPerformance Surfaces Room C201
Conference Chairs: Dan Hayden and David Wright
The International Thermal Spray Association, a Standing
Committee of the American Welding Society, has organized
this one-day educational coatings conference at FABTECH
to introduce and highlight various advantages of the ther-
mal spray process. This program will benefit both potential
users and those actively involved with thermal spray coat-
ings as it will focus on actual applications and new develop-
ments in thermal spray technology.
8:00 a.m. 4:30 p.m.
Additive Manufacturing Room C205
8:00 a.m. 8:35 a.m.
Additive Manufacturing Engineering
Considerations Beyond 3D Printing
Dr. Shawn Kelly, Edison Welding Institute
8:35 a.m. 9:10 a.m.
AWS D20 Committee, Fabrication of Additively
Manufactured Parts
Doug Kautz, Los Alamos National Laboratory
9:10 a.m. 9:45 a.m.
The Problems and Solutions to the
Qualification Issues
Dr. Jeffrey Calcaterra, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
9:45 a.m. 10:20 a.m.
At the Crossroads of Welding and Additive
Manufacturing: The Challenges
Dr. Suresh Babu, UT/ORNL Governors Chair of Advanced
Manufacturing
10:20 a.m. 10:30 a.m. Break
10:30 a.m. 11:05 a.m.
Rapid Process Qualification Methodology Speeds
Certification
Bryant Walker, President, Keystone Synergistic
FABTECH
11:05 a.m. 11:40 a.m.
Enabling Technology for Additive Manufacturing
for Critical Applications
Rich Martukanitz, Center for Innovative Materials Processing,
Penn State
11:40 a.m. 12:15 p.m.
InProcess Quality Assurance: A Process
Monitoring and NDI Tool
Mark Cola, President, Sigma Labs, Inc.
12:15 p.m. 1:15 p.m. Lunch
1:15 p.m. 1:50 p.m.
New Developments in Laser Hot Wire Additive
Manufacture
Paul Denney, Senior Laser Applications Engineer,
Lincoln Electric
1:50 p.m. 2:25 p.m.
Developing Aerospace Parts Via Additive
Manufacturing
Chip Arata, Account Manager, USA Sales, Carpenter
Powder Products
2:25 p.m. 3:00 p.m.
Metal 3D Printing with Ultrasonic Welding
Mark Norfolk, President, Fabrisonic LLC
3:00 p.m. 3:15 p.m. Break
3:15 p.m. 3:50 p.m.
Laser Cladding Applications
Wayne Penn, President
3:50 p.m. 4:30 p.m.
Wire Plus Arc Additive Manufacture of
LargeScale Parts
Adrian Addison, Cranfield University
FABTECH
Seminars
8:00 a.m. 12:00 noon
W10: API 1104 Code Clinic Room C107
This four-hour course covers general code provisions, in-
cluding qualification of welding procedures for welds con-
taining filler metal additions, design and preparation of the
joint for production welding, nondestructive testing and ac-
ceptance standards, and automatic welding with and with-
out filler metal additions. Attendees will practice open
codebook testing under time constraints.
NOTE: Clinic fee does not include a copy of API 1104, Weld-
ing Pipelines and Related Facilities (20th Edition). API 1104
may be purchased from WEX by calling (888) 935-3464.
Attendees will receive a study guide, AWS API Code Clinic
Reference Manual.
8:30 a.m. 4:30 p.m.
D1.1 Code Clinic Room C201
This one-day seminar will provide a road map through the
Code, emphasizing the ability to locate important para-
graphs, charts, and tables quickly, which is crucial to under-
standing the Code when working under stressful deadlines.
In addition to practice questions, a practice exam will be ad-
ministered, and the instructor will illustrate the use of the
Code under time constraints, creating deadline pressure
similar to the test environment. For those taking the CWI
exam, this clinic has proven to be valuable test preparation.
As a leading construction code, D1.1 is the ideal tool to
teach effective code use.
NOTE: Clinic fee does not include a copy of the
D1.1/D1.1M: 2010 Structural Welding Code Steel. The
D1.1 Code Book may be purchased from WEX at (888) 935-
3464. Attendees will receive our study guide, AWS D1.1 Code
Clinic Reference Manual.
8:30 a.m. 4:30 p.m.
Advanced Visual Inspection
Workshop Room C109
An eight-hour course for CWI exam candidates to review the
basic concepts and applications of visual inspection. After a
discussion of the limitations and advantages of visual in-
spection, types of weld data that may be obtained by visual
inspection are presented and discussed. Includes the many
types of discontinuities encountered during the visual in-
spection of welds. Common tools used for visual inspection
are presented and discussed. A sample weld specification
containing acceptance criteria is presented and discussed,
after which students use the specification and visual inspec-
tion tools to evaluate the weld replicas using a series of spe-
cific questions and scenarios.
Those attending can learn:
How to use weld-measuring instruments
Compliance to a specific code
Dos and donts of documentation
When a discontinuity is OK
When a defect is rejectable
Why visual inspection can be the most effective NDE
technique
8:30 a.m. 4:30 p.m.
Welding Symbols What You Think They Mean
and What They Actually Mean Room C110
The goal of this seminar is to provide a good understanding
of AWS welding symbols, with explanations of their proper
and improper use. This seminar is geared for all involved
with welding symbols from designers who place them on
drawings, to the welders who know what the designer wants
(regardless of what the symbol says), to the welding inspec-
tor who has to verify that the final weld meets the welding
symbol requirements. It will also be great for new engineers
who do not have the experience with symbols, shop and
field supervisors, and anyone else involved in manufactur-
ing and welding. Examples of welding symbols that fre-
quently trip up users and of real-life samples are provided.
Books for AWS to provide:
1. AWS A2.4:2012 Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and
Nondestructive Examination
2. AWS A3.0M/A3.0:2010 Standard Welding Terms and
Definitions
8:30 a.m. 5:00 p.m.
The Why and How of Welding Procedure
Specifications Room C212
8:30 a.m. 12:00 noon (Beginner)
1:00 p.m. 5:00 p.m. (Advanced)
8:30 a.m. 5:00 p.m. (Beginner and Advanced)
Welding Procedure Specifications
Ensuring Consistent, Predictable
Welding Process Performance
This two-part workshop revisits the fundamentals of WPSs
for both the seasoned professional and for those individuals
seeking to become more proficient in the authoring and ap-
plication of a WPS in fabrication as well as hands on ap-
proach to advanced instruction in the formulation and
writing of WPSs in the afternoon.
Who Should Attend:
This session will benefit owners, managers, engineers, and
CWIs who must qualify, write, or revise welding procedure
specifications to satisfy codes and contract documents.
FABTECH
What will be addressed?
This workshop is divided into two half-day sessions. The
morning session addresses the fundamentals of WPSs.
Morning topics are focused on:
Standard terminology
Welding processes
Filler metal
Shielding gases
Current and voltage range, travel speed, and heat input
Joint design tolerances
Joint and surface preparation
Preheat/interpass temperature and welding positions
Standard WPSs
The afternoon session focuses on the mechanics of WPSs by
different codes and standards.
Afternoon topics include:
Proper preparation and qualification of welding procedure
specifications
Documenting standard procedure qualification testing for
commonly used processes for joining ferrous plate and pipe
Selecting and documenting welding variables
Specifying essential and nonessential variables commonly
used in sample AWS, ASME, and API code formats
Different techniques to author WPSs
1:00 p.m. 6:00 p.m. (Tuesday)
8:00 a.m. 5:00 p.m. (Wednesday)
ASME Section IX, B31.1 & B31.3
Code Clinic Room C301
This 16-hour seminar will help individuals prepare for the
ASME Section IX, B31.1 and B31.3 examination for
endorsement or Part C of the CWI. Note that endorsements
are supplemental inspection credentials available to AWS
Certified Welding Inspectors (CWIs) and Senior Certified
Welding Inspectors (SCWIs), but non-CWI/SCWIs can also
participate in the seminar and examination to enhance their
educational background. Participants are expected to
provide their own codebooks. Please note that there is a
separate application and fee required to take the Certifica-
tion exam.
8:30 a.m. 4:30 p.m.
Metallurgy Applied To Everyday Welding
Room C207
Metallurgy of welds in carbon and low-alloy steels shouldnt
be complicated. This short course will offer an understand-
ing of how welding affects the properties of base materials,
and how weld defects occur.
Who Should Attend:
Owners, inspectors, engineers, and supervisors who specify
welding and need to understand the interactions of base
metal, filler metal, and welding processes.
Welding of Stainless Steel Room C208
Part 1 The Basics
8:30 a.m. 4:30 p.m. (Wednesday)
Part 2 Avoiding Weld Defects
8:30 a.m. 4:30 p.m. (Thursday)
This seminar has two independent parts: Part 1 The Ba-
sics and Part 2 Avoiding Defects. Register for either day
alone or for both days. The program focuses on the basic
weldability of all types of stainless steels. This session is key
to those interested in a comprehensive look at the weldabil-
ity of stainless steels, particularly the 300 series.
Topics Covered:
Why alloys are stainless
Stainless steel differences
Selecting a stainless for use
Mechanical properties
Properties after welding
Heat treatment factors
Selecting filler metals
Gas vs. flux shielding
Code requirements
Those attending can learn:
Five stainless steel types
The effects of welding on all types of stainless steels
FABTECH
Why some stainless steels require preheat and others pro-
hibit it
Answers to questions about selecting and welding stainless
steels
8:30 a.m. 4:30 p.m.
Build It Better Room C201
This AWS seminar will delve into the idea that welding is an
engineering science that can be controlled and measured.
Codes and standards that will be discussed include the AWS
D1 structural codes, AWS D9.1 sheet metal code, AWS
D17.1 fusion welding for aerospace applications and many
others. Who should attend: designers, inspectors, and QC
specialists will gain new insights and career-enhancing
knowledge.
8:30 a.m. 3:00 p.m.
Corrosion Of Welds:
Causes and Cures Room C212
Welded structures are often subjected to corroding environ-
ments; in some cases, the weld and base metal corrode uni-
formly at the same rate. In other cases, the results are
accelerated corrosion of the weld compared to the base
metal, or the base metal may corrode at a much faster rate
leaving the weld metal relatively intact. There are many dif-
ferent forms of corrosion recognized and various corrosion
mechanisms. The most common of these will be covered in
the course.
Who Should Attend:
This session will benefit owners, managers, engineers, and
inspectors who must monitor, inspect, prevent, and repair
weldments in corrosive environments.
What Will Be Addressed?
This course will begin by addressing the fundamentals of
corrosion. Other topics to be examined include:
Pitting corrosion
Intergranular corrosion
Stress corrosion cracking
Erosion/corrosion
Crevice corrosion
Galvanic corrosion
Alloying for corrosion resistance
Corrosion protection mechanisms
Education Sessions
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Welding technology has rapidly advanced and it is difficult
for welding educators on limited budgets to keep up with
the changes. This conference, hosted by the American
Welding Society and the National Center for Welding Educa-
tion & Training (Weld-Ed), is an opportunity to provide
welding educators and therefore, future welders, techni-
cians, engineers, and sales representatives with the knowl-
edge to remain competent and competitive. The Education
Annual Program will conclude with several demonstrations
of the latest welding educational technologies from leading
industry companies.
8:00 a.m. 8:25 a.m.
Introductions Room C213
8:30 a.m. 9:15 a.m.
Update on AWS Scholarships
Dr. Thomas J. Lienert, AWS Education Committee, AWS Educa-
tion Scholarship Committee, Los Alamos National Laboratory
9:15 a.m. 9:45 a.m.
Howard E. Adkins Memorial Instructor
Membership Award Lecture
The Howard E. Adkins Instructor Membership Award is
sponsored by Mrs. Wilma Adkins and family, and is given as
a means of recognizing high school, trade school, technical
institute, or junior college instructors whose teaching activi-
ties are considered to have advanced the knowledge of weld-
ing to students in their respective schools. Each awardee
receives a certificate, two-year membership in the American
Welding Society, and free registration to attend the
FABTECH Show and all technical sessions in the year that
the award is presented.
FABTECH
9:45 a.m. 10:15 a.m.
Adams Memorial Membership Award Lecture
Prof. Patricio F. Mendez, University of Alberta
This award, established by the American Welding Society, is
given as a means of recognizing educators whose teaching
activities are considered to have advanced the knowledge of
welding of the undergraduate or postgraduate students in
their respective engineering institutions. Each awardee re-
ceives a certificate and all current volumes of the Welding
Handbook.
10:15 a.m. 10:30 a.m. Break
10:30 a.m. 11:30 a.m.
Plummer Memorial Education Lecture
Mr. Leland Vetter, Eastern Wyoming College
Training Welders for the Energy Industry Training for
the Way I Do It. This award has been established by the
American Welding Society to recognize an outstanding indi-
vidual who has made significant contributions to welding
education and training, and to recognize Fred L. Plummers
service to the Society as President from 1952 to 1954 and
Executive Director from 1957 to 1969. A certificate and
bronze medal are presented at the annual Awards Luncheon
held during FABTECH.
11:30 a.m. 12:00 noon
Educators Roundtable Discussion: Best Practices
in Welding Education and Training
Mr. Ed Norman, EDCO and AWS Education Committee
Please join the chairman of the AWS Education Committee
and our three lecture awardees in a roundtable discussion of
Best Practices in Welding Education and Training.
12:00 noon 1:30 p.m. Lunch Sponsored by Hypertherm, Inc.
Understanding Automated Cutting Options
for Welding Education
Presentation by Jim Colt, Hypertherm, Inc.
1:30 p.m. 2:00 p.m.
Exploiting Commercial Welding Pamphlets and
Booklets as Instructional Material
Nick Price, Davis Applied Technology College, South Kaysville,
UT
2:00 p.m. 2:30 p.m.
Making Sense of S.E.N.S.E.
Gordon Reynolds, Mountainland Applied Technology College,
Orem, UT
2:30 p.m. 2:45 p.m. Break
2:45 p.m. 4:00 p.m.
Rolling presentations by representatives from
skilled trades organizations, including:
1. Mike Relyin, International Association of Bridge and
Structural Iron Workers of America
2. Steve Kowats, Sheet Metal Workers International
Association
3. Tim Gilligan, United Association Pipefitters
4. Ronny Vanscoy, International Brotherhood of
Boilermakers
4:00 p.m. 5:00 p.m. TBD
9:00 a.m. 9:30 a.m.
Welcome/Introductions
Duncan Estep
9:30 a.m. 10:00 a.m.
WeldEd Overview
Monica Pfarr
Discussion is centered on the National Center for Welding
Education and Training (Weld-Ed) and its contributions to
the field of welding education. Changes in the focus of the
NSF grant.
10:00 a.m. 11:40 a.m.
Educators Professional Development Modules
This session provides information about the professional
development opportunities offered by Weld-Ed. This in-
cludes face-to-face training programs with hands-on experi-
ence in welding. Weld-Ed also offers customized training
catered to the needs of the educators.
10:00 a.m. 10:10 a.m.
Overview
Duncan Estep
10:10 a.m. 10:20 a.m.
Module 1: Welding Metallurgy
Mark Baugh
10:20 a.m. 10:40 a.m.
Module 2: Welding Processes
Dan Turner
10:40 a.m. 10:50 a.m.
Module 3: Welding Design,
Fabrication and Robotics
Rick Polanin
FABTECH
10:50 a.m. 11:00 a.m. Break
11:00 a.m. 11:10 a.m.
Module 4: Welding Codes and Standards
Joel Johnson
11:10 a.m. 11:20 a.m.
Module 5: Laser Welding
Tim Baber
11:20 a.m. 11:30 a.m.
Module 6: Welding Teaching Strategies and
Instructional Design
Rick Polanin
11:40 a.m. 12:20 p.m. Lunch and Speaker Sponsored by
Hypertherm, Inc.
12:30 p.m. 3:30 p.m.
Welding Equipment Manufacturers
1:10 p.m. 1:40 p.m.
Session #1: Lincoln Electric
1:40 p.m. 2:10 p.m.
Session #2: Miller Electric
2:10 p.m. 2:40 p.m.
Session #3: ESAB
2:40 p.m. 3:10 p.m.
Session #4: Victor Technologies
3:10 p.m. 3:30 p.m.
Affiliate Network / Wrap up and Evaluations
Duncan Estep
Join Weld-Ed in its quest to build a solid foundation of
highly trained technicians to fulfill the demand of industry.
8:00 a.m. 9:00 a.m.
Education in the YouTube Age
9:00 a.m. 9:30 a.m.
Using Games to Drive Engagement
9:30 a.m. 10:00 a.m.
Teaching on a Budget: LowCost Educational
Technologies that Can Be Used Today
10:00 a.m. 10:30 a.m. Networking Break
10:30 a.m. 11:00 a.m.
The Informal Student: Using Technology to Drive
Informal Learning
11:00 a.m. 12:00 noon
Mind the Gap: Using Technology to Bridge the
Skill Gap
1:00 p.m. 1:30 p.m.
Introducing the AWS Advanced
Skill Certification System
1:30 p.m. 2:00 p.m.
AWS Educational Technologies
2:00 p.m. 4:00 p.m.
Educational Technology Demos and Presentation
RWMA Resistance Welding School
7:45 a.m. 5:30 p.m.
Day 1 Room C109
FABTECH
7:45 a.m. 8:00 a.m.
Welcome and Introduction to Resistance Welding
Mark Siehling, Vice President of Engineering, RoMan
Manufacturing, Inc.
8:00 a.m. 8:30 a.m.
Basics of Resistance Welding Video Part I
8:30 a.m. 11:00 a.m.
Electrodes and Tooling
Bill Brafford, Technical Liaison Manager, Tuffaloy Products, Inc.
This session will focus on the classification, selection and
maintenance of electrodes and fixtures as they pertain to
numerous applications. Discover powerful problem/evalua-
tion/solution techniques that will keep a production process
running longer and operation more efficient.
11:15 a.m. 12:15 p.m.
Tabletop Exhibits
12:15 p.m. 12:45 p.m. Lunch Served
12:45 p.m. 2:45 p.m.
Welding Controls
Don Sorenson, Director of Engineering, ENTRON Controls,
LLC.
This discussion focuses on the selection, descriptions, and
applications of welding timers, contractors, and accessories.
Packed with a punch, Don Sorenson drives home under-
standing energy that creates a weld, H=I
2
rt, that is unforget-
table. Learn how this invaluable formula is used in every
resistance welding application every day every cycle
all the time.
3:00 p.m. 5:30 p.m.
Electrical Power Systems
Mark Siehling, Vice President Engineering, RoMan
Manufacturing, Inc.
This session reviews the descriptions and maintenance of
electrical power components and conductors from the weld
control to the electrode. This lively presentation has some-
thing for everybody. Utilizing several small demonstrations,
Mark Siehling will keep attendees on the edge of their seats
as he highlights the important part of the resistance welding
process.
8:00 a.m. 3:45 p.m.
Day 2 Room C109
8:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m.
Welding Processes and Machines
Tim Foley, Sales Manager, Automation International, Inc.
This session will reinforce the very essence of how the re-
sistance welding process works and how the process relates
to each of the four resistance welding processes. This ses-
sion will be full of application examples from each process,
and will show how machinery utilizes the individual compo-
nents and elements illustrated in the other sessions.
10:15 a.m. 10:45 a.m.
Basics of Resistance Welding Video Part II
10:45 a.m. 12:00 noon
Troubleshooting and Maintenance
Bruce Kelly, President, Kelly Welding Solutions
With more than 30 years of experience in the auto industry
specifying, installing, and troubleshooting resistance weld-
ing systems, Bruce Kelly provides tips on how to find the
reasons why welds dont turn out the way some would like.
This presentation is filled with real-life examples of prob-
lems that have baffled maintenance people for generations.
12:00 noon 1:15 p.m. Lunch Served
1:15 p.m. 3:15 p.m.
Initial Machine Setup
Mike Prokop, Assistant Chief Engineer and Innovation Leader,
TaylorWinfield Technologies, Inc.
Prokop takes the mystery out of weld program setup by
guiding attendees through the steps required to select
proper welding schedules. He will also introduce preventive
maintenance programs designed to make resistance welding
operations more profitable. Hands-on demonstrations peak
this presentation.
3:15 p.m. 3:45 p.m.
Question and Answer Session
FABTECH
FABTECH
H Hilton Atlanta
C Georgia World Congress Center
Monday November 11
7:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m.
(H) Room 301
C6D Subcommittee on Friction Stir
Welding
Chelsea Lewis, ext. 306
1:00 p.m. 5:00 p.m.
(C) Room C106
B1 Main / B1A joint meeting
B1 Committee on Methods of Inspec
tion/B1A Subcommittee on
Nondestructive Examination of Welds
Efram Abrams, ext. 307
12:00 noon 8:00 p.m.
(H) Room 302
C7, C7B, C7C, and C7D (will be broken
out into different meetings in
program)
C7 Committee on High Energy Beam
Welding and Cutting/C7B Subcommit
tee on Electron Beam Welding and
Cutting/C7C Subcommittee on Laser
Beam Welding and Cutting/C7D Sub
committee on Hybrid Welding
8:00 a.m. 5:00 p.m.
(C) Room C109
C2, C2F, C2G, and C2J (will be broken
out into different meetings in
program)
C2 Committee on Thermal Spraying/
C2F Subcommittee on Thermal Spray
Operator Qualification/C2G Subcom
mittee on Thermal Spray Equipment/
C2J Subcommittee on Feedstock for
Thermal Spray
Jennifer Rosario, ext. 308
Tuesday November 11
9:00 a.m. 5:00 p.m.
(H) Room 301
D9 Committee on the Welding,
Brazing, and Soldering of Sheet Metal
Jennifer Molin, ext. 304
8:00 a.m. 5:00 p.m.
(H) Room 303
D17D Subcommittee on Resistance
Welding
8:00 a.m. 5:00 p.m.
(H) Room 305
D17J Subcommittee on Friction Stir
Welding for Aerospace
8:00 a.m. 5:00 p.m.
(H) Room 302
D15C Subcommittee on Track Welding
Jennifer Rosario, ext. 308
1:00 p.m. 4:30 p.m.
(C) Room C106
WHC Welding Handbook Committee
Annette OBrien, ext. 303
Wednesday November 12
8:00 a.m. 5:00 p.m.
(H) Room 302
D17K Subcommittee on Fusion
Welding
9:00 a.m. 12:00 noon
(C) Room C106
D14C Subcommittee on Earthmoving
and Construction Equipment
1:00 p.m. 4:00 p.m.
(C) Room C106
D14E Subcommittee on Welding of
Presses and Industrial and Mill Cranes
7:00 a.m. 8:30 a.m.
(C) Room C106
D16 Committee on Robotic and
Automatic Welding
9:00 a.m. 10:30 a.m.
(H) Room 301
G2D Subcommittee on Reactive Alloys
10:30 a.m. 12:00 noon
(H) Room 301
A5K Subcommittee on Titanium and
Zirconium Filler Metals
Thursday November 13
7:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m.
(H) Room 301
C6D Subcommittee on Friction Stir
Welding
8:00 a.m. 12:00 noon
(C) Room C106
D14I Subcommittee on Hydraulic
Cylinders
1:00 p.m. 4:00 p.m.
(C) Room C106
D14 Committee on Machinery and
Equipment
8:00 a.m. 12:00 noon
(H) Room 302
D17K Subcommittee on Fusion
Welding
1:00 p.m. 5:00 p.m.
(H) Room 302
D17 Committee on Welding in the
Aircraft and Aerospace Industries
All AWS technical committee meetings are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend a meeting should contact the staff
secretary of the committee at AWS, 8669 NW 36 Street, #130, Miami, FL 33166; telephone (305) 443-9353.
AWS Technical Committee Meetings
ABB, Inc. Robotics C1510
www.abb.com/robotics
ABB will feature its industrial robots,
modular manufacturing systems, and
services to promote productivity,
product quality, and worker safety. Its
services include providing specialized
process and turn-key solutions to
meet each manufacturers
requirements.
Abicor Binzel Corp. C1344
www.binzelabicor.com
Abicor Binzel will display its GMA,
GTA, and robotic air- and water-cooled
torches with accessories and chemicals
used in welding operations.
Above Material Technology C1052
Co., Ltd.
www.amtalloys.com
Above Material Technology will dis-
play its titanium welding wires, nano
stainless steel atomized powders for
thermal spraying, PTA hardfacing and
WC-Co and Cr
3
C
2
-NiCr spraying pow-
ders, and related products.
Ace Industrial Products C3157
www.aceindustrialproducts.com
Ace Industrial Products will showcase
its lines of heavy-duty and mobile
source-capture welding-fume extrac-
tors and related equipment, including
downdraft tables and extraction arms,
to maximize effectiveness for both in-
shop and field operations. The prod-
ucts are designed to control hexava-
lent chromium fumes.
Advanced Cylinder Products C3662
www.weldcylinders.com
Advanced Technology & C59
Materials Co., Ltd.
www.atmwelding.com
AGT Robotics C3522
www.agtrobotics.com
AGT Robotics will present its lines of
industrial robots, 3D vision, and soft-
ware products featuring self-learning
technology, designed specifically for
FABTECH
Welding Show 2014
Exhibit Highlights
This alphabetical listing of exhibitors in the 2014 AWS Welding Show offers a preview of what they display in each booth. AWS
Sustaining Member Companies are highlighted in color.
For info go to www.aws.org/adindex
low-volume and high-mix production
operations. Robotic solutions will be
displayed for welding, cutting, grind-
ing, gouging, and marking.
Air Products and C1138
Chemicals, Inc.
www.airproducts.com/metalfab
Air Purification, Inc. C3357
www.airpurinc.com
Air Purification engineering staff will
be at the booth to discuss your air
quality needs. Shown will be its lines
of replacement air filters, air cleaners,
bag houses, cyclones, downdraft ta-
bles, dust collectors, dust-control
booths, fans and blowers, ducts, fume-
extraction arms, mist and smoke col-
lectors, and vehicle exhaust systems.
Airflow Systems, Inc. C3228
www.airflowsystems.com
Airflow Systems will showcase its lines
of air-filtration products, including
dust and mist collectors, fume extrac-
tors, and vehicle exhaust controllers.
Airgas, Inc. C1334
www.airgas.com
Airgas will promote its products, serv-
ice, and expertise for industrial gases
and welding equipment, including the
latest in automation, safety, and vend-
ing. Visitors will be offered a welding
efficiency analysis of their operations.
Alabama Laser B2567
www.alabamalaser.com
Alabama Laser will detail its complete
line of laser job shop services and cus-
tom laser systems for cladding and
cutting, welding, etching, marking,
heat treating, and micromachining.
Visit the booth to discuss your specific
needs.
Alabama Robotics C3034
Technology Park
www.alabamartp.org
AlcoTec Wire Co. C2444
www.alcotec.com
Alfra USA, LLC C3237
www.alfra.us
Allcryo C2262
www.allcryo.com
Allpro Machinery, Inc. A2952
www.allpromachinery.net
ALM Materials Handling C3049
www.almmh.com
ALM Materials Handling will feature its
positioners with single-column (head-
stock) capacities up to 5000 lb, and
fixed or adjustable head/tailstock capac-
ities up to 65,000 lb, designed for as-
sembly or welding. A speciality is build-
ing heavy-duty lifting equipment to cus-
tomers specifications.
Alpha Professional Tools C3606
www.alphatools.com
Alpha Professional Tools will display
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its virtually dust-free system for re-
moving mill scale, paint, and rust.
Also to be shown is its Spark Buster"
that can transform a high-speed
grinder into a multipurpose saw for
cutting ferrous metal and stainless
steels.
American Society for C3663
Nondestructive Testing
www.asnt.org
American Society for Nondestructive
Testing personnel will be on hand to de-
scribe the societys technical expertise,
personnel certification requirements,
career opportunities, evolving technolo-
gies, and information transfer.
American Technical C3240
Publishers
www.atplearning.com
American Technical Publishers (ATP),
an independent publisher of print and
electronic products, will display a
broad range of its applied postsec-
ondary education content featuring
programs in the welding skills area.
American Torch Tip Co., Inc. C2962
www.americantorchtip.com
American Torch Tip personnel will be
available at the booth to discuss weld-
ing and cutting products, automated
machining processes, and your specific
needs. On display will be the compa-
nys lines of cutting torches, welding
guns, consumables, and plasma
components.
American Welding Society C2762
www.aws.org
The American Welding Society (AWS)
was founded in 1919 as a multifaceted,
nonprofit organization. Its mission is
to advance the science, technology,
and application of welding and allied
joining and cutting processes world-
wide. From factory floor to high-rise
construction, from military weaponry
to home products, AWS continues to
lead the way in supporting welding ed-
ucation and technology development.
AWS Certification C2762
The American Welding Society devel-
ops and administers a variety of certi-
fication programs to help welding pro-
fessionals identify qualified personnel
and provide individuals with meaning-
ful career objectives. The AWS Certi-
fied Welding Inspector (CWI) program
currently lists more than 40,000 in-
spectors designated as Senior CWI
(SCWI), CWI, or Certified Associate
Welding Inspector (CAWI). Since
1976, more than 85,000 inspectors
have been certified. The AWS CWI
program has become the gold standard
for welding inspector credentials. It
has enhanced the careers of many
thousands of welding professionals. In
1989, the AWS Certified Welder pro-
gram was launched to document the
qualifications of welders nationwide.
Certified Welder certifications are
maintained by AWS in a National Reg-
istry. The testing facilities that con-
FABTECH
SUMNER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, INC.
3
3
3
3

Magnetic Centering Punch

Spring-loaded striking pin 3
Easy to read digital gage 3

Spring-loaded striking pin
Easy to read digital gage


Push button release Magnetic Base
Removable gage with magnetic base 3
Magnetic base 3

Gage with
Push button release
Removable gage with magnetic base
Magnetic base

Alignment
Gage with
and carrying case
Centering Punch

leveling applications. Plus,
pin marks location with the push of a button. Detachable digital gage comes with a magnetic base for additional
provides highly visible, accurate reading when establishing a centerline. Built in spring loaded hardened striking
Center head with magnetic
6 . 9 9 9 . 8 8 8
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Push button release Magnetic Base
digital gage doubles as an a
magnetic aluminum base can be used
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Gage with
of striking pin
Push button release
angle fnder and can be zeroe
used on the circumference of
SUMNER M

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Alignment
Magnetic Base
ed out during fabrication.
of pipe or tanks. Digital gage
SUMNER M FA ANUFACTURING COMPANY, Y, INC

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duct the qualification procedures are
accredited by AWS and published in a
list of Accredited Test Facilities (ATFs).
In 1991, the AWS Certified Welding
Educator (CWE) program was intro-
duced, allowing welding instructors to
earn this important credential. The
Society also offers several endorse-
ments designed to enhance an individ-
uals credentials and/or satisfy the 9-
year recertification for CWIs and
SCWIs. The current endorsements in-
clude D1.1, D1.2, D1.5, D15.1, D17.1,
API 1104, ASME Section IX: B31.1 and
B31.3, ASME Section VIII Div. 1 and
IX, Structural Bolting, and Structural
Drawing Reading. Other AWS certifi-
cation programs include Certified
Welding Supervisor (CWS), Certified
Radiographic Interpreter (CRI), Certi-
fied Welding Fabricator (CWF), Certi-
fied Robotic Arc Welding Operator
(CRAW), Certified Welding Engineer
(CWE), and Certified Welding Sales
Representative (CWSR). All of these
programs are offered domestically and
many are offered worldwide. The certi-
fication requirements are developed by
committees of industry leaders who
volunteer their services. Visit the
booth to learn more about serving on
one of these committees and how ob-
taining AWS certifications can benefit
you and your company.
AWS Foundation A2612
Be sure to visit the Careers in Weld-
ing trailer hosted by AWS and The
Lincoln Electric Co. Test your hands-
on skills using a VRTEX 360 virtual
reality arc welding trainer. The trailer
also features many other educational
exhibits plus a social media center.
AWS Membership C2762
At this writing, AWS provides services
to 59,993 individual members, 2,268
corporate members, and 10,003 stu-
dent and transitional members world-
wide. AWS members include welders,
inspectors, engineers, scientists, edu-
cators, shop foremen, company execu-
tives, and sales associates. Member in-
terests include automatic, semiauto-
matic, and manual welding, brazing,
soldering, ceramics, laminations, ro-
botics, and safety and health. Drop by
the AWS Membership Booth to sign
up for an Individual Membership and
receive a welding publication (up to a
$192 value) at a 90% discount. Browse
the AWS bookstore offerings to save
25% on more than 300 items. Save
$135 and get a two-year AWS Mem-
bership when you sign up for the Pro-
fessional Program at FABTECH. Stay
informed reading about the latest
products, trends, and technology with
12 monthly issues of the Welding Jour-
nal. Looking for a job? Network with
others in your field at the local AWS
Section meetings and dozens of educa-
tional events. Contribute to your in-
dustry by volunteering your expertise
on one of the Societys 150 technical
committees. For depth, details, and
technical insight, AWS has all the an-
swers you need.
Welding Journal/Welding Journal en
Espaol/Inspection Trends
Welding Journal is the official AWS
publication. This award-winning
FABTECH
INTRODUCING THE
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2014 Carestream, Inc. Rochester, N.Y. 14608
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Carestream NDT
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of truly portable CR systems; HPX-PRO. Not only does it have the smallest
footprint in the industry, but it can be carried with one hand or with a
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table. ro P
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monthly publication features articles
on practical and applied welding tech-
nology, information on the Societys
activities and programs, a variety of
monthly columns, and industry ex-
perts answer readers questions about
stainless steel, aluminum, brazing, sol-
dering, and resistance welding. The
Research Supplement section presents
peer-reviewed research papers of in-
terest to the welding community.
Welding Journal en Espaol presents se-
lected articles previously published in
the Welding Journal plus articles of
special interest to welding profession-
als in the Latin-American markets.
Inspection Trends, published quarterly,
features timely articles on all phases of
nondestructive examination, profiles
of inspection personnel, the latest in-
spection-related technologies, and
news and expert-written columns pro-
viding practical information of partic-
ular interest to Certified Welding
Inspectors.
AWS American Welding Online
awo.aws.org
American Welding Online (AWO) is an
online educational community for the
welding industry. Its mission is to ad-
vance the science, technology, and ap-
plication of welding and allied joining
and cutting processes worldwide, in-
cluding brazing, soldering, and ther-
mal spraying. AWO provides online
courses, blogs, podcasts, virtual con-
ferences, and other educational re-
sources for the welding community.
Visit the booth for a chance to win free
online courses and learn how AWO can
help you advance your career.
AWS Publications/ C1
World Engineering Xchange
www.awspubs.com
World Engineering Xchange (WEX)
will spotlight welding and engineering
industry publications, including its
support for welding education by
working on behalf of the American
Welding Society.
AMET, Inc. C2256
www.ametinc.com
AMET will display its automated weld-
ing systems featuring precision
controls and welding fixtures. Visit
the booth to discuss your welding
requirements.
Andersen Industries, Inc. C1654
www.andersonmp.com
Anhui Etal Welding and C3339
Cutting Development
www.etal.com
Anhui Etal, part of the Hefei Sanyu
Electric Group, will feature at the
booth its line of high-power, high-fre-
quency inverter power supplies de-
signed for welding in mass production
operations.
Antec Electronics Co., Ltd. C3534
www.antec.cn
Antec Electronics will demonstrate its
line of professional welding helmets
FABTECH
For Sales or General Inquiries:
303-468-0662 / info@magswitch.com.au
1/4 TON LIFTER 1/2 TON LIFTER
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For Sales or General
// info@magswitch.com
l General q Inquiries:
info@magswitch.com.au
Qualify Your
Own Welders
Services for the Welding Industry

In-house Welder
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Weld engineering & consulting WPS, PQR
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with autodarkening filters. The prod-
ucts are designed to meet ANSI Z87.1,
CE EN379, specifications.
Anthony Welded Products, Inc. C3450
www.anthonycarts.com
Aquasol Corp. C2118
www.aquasolwelding.com
Aquasol will display its lines of water-
soluble papers, tapes, and preformed
purge dams, modular inflatable blad-
der systems, aluminum tapes, fiber-
glass backing tapes, socket weld spacer
rings, alignment sticks, and the Pro
OX-100 oxygen monitor. Visit the
booth to learn how these products can
improve your welding operations.
ARC Abrasives, Inc. C1322
www.arcabrasives.com
ARC Abrasives personnel will be avail-
able to answer your questions about
weld removal, deburring, flash re-
moval, and finishing metallic surfaces.
Arc Machines, Inc. C1964
www.arcmachines.com
Arc Machines will highlight its ad-
vanced orbital gas tungsten arc weld-
ing systems for tube to tube, tube to
fitting, tube to tube sheet, pipe to
pipe, pipe to fitting, and custom-de-
signed applications. The systems have
applications in the nuclear, aerospace,
biotechnology, petrochemical, phar-
maceutical, and other industries.
Arc Products C2022
www.arcproducts.com
The Arc Products booth will display its
line of welding products, including
joint-tracking equipment, torch height
control (AVC), magnetic arc control,
and a complete line of orbital arc weld-
ing equipment. Personnel will be on
hand to discuss the companys in-
house engineering and fabrication
services, including custom turn-key
welding packages and a wide range of
automated welding-related products.
Arc Specialties, Inc. C1308
www.arcspecialties.com
Arc Specialties will showcase its robotic
solutions capabilities for many manu-
facturing applications, including weld-
ing, cladding, hardfacing, finishing, in-
spection, tapping, cutting, conveying,
assembly, material handling, polishing,
machine vision, machine tending, and
pressure and vacuum testing.
ARCBRO C3433
Arcon Welding C3210
Equipment, LLC
www.arconweld.com
Arcon Welding Equipment will display
its line of corrosion-resistant inverter-
based welding machines designed for
harsh environments, including off-
shore platforms, shipyards, mines,
power plants, and rental fleets.
Arrow Castings, Ltd. C2417
ASSA ABLOY Entrance Systems C3344
www.assabloyentrance.com
FABTECH
Let us demonstrate how you can increase your productivity and
lower defect rates with the high duty cycle that only machine
welding can achieve.
Worldwide installations in daily use
prove that there is a better way.
PIPEMASTER.
Simply the Best Tool
for Welding Small Pipe
Thirty-five years of listening to our customers and continuous
product improvement have led to the Pipemaster 515 and D-Head.
The system welds pipe from 1" - 14" (tubes from 1" - 5" OD).
Pipemaster 515
D-Head
Pendant
(
+
1) 860 653-2573
info@MagnatechLLC.com
www.MagnatechLLC.com
ORBITAL WELDING SYSTEMS
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ASSA ABLOY Entrance Systems will
demonstrate its Albany-brand high-
speed automated doors for protecting
personnel and machines on assembly
line operations involving welding, ro-
botic cells, cutting, milling, painting,
tool handling, conveyor, and storage
systems.
ATI Industrial Automation C1650
www.atiia.com
ATI Industrial Automation will display
its line of robotic accessories and ro-
bot arm tooling, including automatic
tool changers, multiaxis force/torque
sensing systems, utility couplers, ro-
botic deburring tools, robotic collision
sensors, and compliance devices.
Atlanta Drive Systems, Inc. C3313
www.atlantadrives.com
The Atlanta Drive Systems booth will
feature its extensive lines of rack and
pinion drive technologies, servo-
reducers, and linear actuators.
Atlas Copco Tools and C3009
Assembly Systems
www.atlascopco.us
Auburn Manufacturing, Inc. C2558
www.auburnmfg.com
Auburn Manufacturing will feature its
NFPA 51B-compliant hot-work fabrics
for fire-prevention applications in the
shipbuilding, nuclear power, petrole-
um, and steelmaking industries.
Avani Environmental Intl, Inc. C2156
www.avanienvironmental.com
Avani Environmental Intl will feature
its ventilation and exhaust equipment
for vocational and industrial facilities
that are designed to meet OSHAs lat-
est requirements for worker safety.
AVS Industries, LLC C3403
www.avsind.com
AVS Industries will be featuring its line
of high-temperature silica fabrics for
welding, cutting, and thermal protec-
tion in various weights and widths up to
60 in. Other products to be shown in-
clude aluminized foil and Mylar film
reflective insulating fabrics, and special-
ty silica tapes, ropes, and sleeving.
B&B Pipe & Industrial Tool C79
www.bbpipetools.com
Beijing Essen Welding C3115
& Cutting Fair
www.beijingessenwelding.com
Beijing Metals & Minerals Corp. C55
www.bjmmt.com
Bernard C2944
www.bernardwelds.com
Bernard will feature its lines of manual
arc and semiautomatic gas metal arc
and flux-cored arc welding consum-
ables, guns, and accessories.
Bessey Tools North America C2622
www.besseytools.com
Bessey Tools will demonstrate its ex-
tensive line of professional hand tools
for clamping and cutting.
FABTECH
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Blackjack Pipejack Stands, LLC C3254
www.pipejack.com
Bluco Corp. C1730
www.bluco.com
Bluco will showcase its modular fixturing
for machining, welding, inspection, and
assembly operations. Staff members will
be on hand to suggest ways modular tool-
ing can benefit your companys
operations.
Bonal Technologies, Inc. C3354
www.bonal.com
Bonal Technologies will display its line of
subharmonic vibratory technology for use
in shop and field applications. Showcased
will be the Pulse Puddle Arc Welding
equipment and Meta-Lax 2400 touch-
screen-controlled stress-relieving equip-
ment for minimizing weld distortion and
cracking and increasing ductility.
Bore Repair Systems, Inc. C3241
www.borerepair.com
Bore Repair Systems will feature its gas
metal arc bore welding equipment, align
boring bars, and new accessories used in
the repair of worn bores in the mining,
construction, machining, and marine
industries.
Bradford Derustit Corp. C2011
www.derustit.com
Bradford Derustit staff will be at the booth
to demonstrate the companys products
for pickling stainless steel, passivating,
cleaning, and degreasing metals.
Broad Industrial Group, Ltd. C35
www.cntopwell.com
TOPWELL will feature the latest models
in its AluMIG and MasterTIG series of
software-controlled welding machines.
The units feature a heavy-duty soft-
switching IGBT inverter, and modularized
assembly system.
Broco, Inc. C2045
www.brocoinc.com
Broco and Rankin Industries will display a
wide range of maintenance and repair weld-
ing, cutting, and wear-resistant products,
and exothermic cutting and underwater
welding systems. Also featured will be hard-
FABTECH
Visit us at Fabtech
Booth C2106
1-800-245-3186
www.bugo.com
One Powerful Drive Unit...
Dozens of Accessories...
Thousands of Applications!!!
The Modular Drive System is the only American made travel carriage.
MODULAR DRIVE SYSTEM

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facing electrodes, wires, and powders,
and a line of automatic, semiautomatic,
and manual gas metal arc carbide over-
lay equipment.
Bruker Corp. C3233
www.bruker.com/elemental
Bruker will showcase its complete line
of elemental analysis tools based on
optical emission (OES) and combus-
tion gas analysis.
BTIC America Corp. C3366
www.americafortune.com
America Fortune Co., an exclusive
agent for BTIC, will feature the compa-
nys line of high-pressure steel gas
cylinders and accumulator shells.
Products include fire-fighting cylin-
ders, composites, and acetylene and
cryogenic cylinders. It is also a suppli-
er of various welding supplies.
Buehler, an ITW Company C3332
www.buehler.com
Buehler will highlight its complete
lines of equipment and consumables
for sectioning, grinding, polishing,
hardness testing, and microscopy.
Buffalo Shrink Wrap C3428
www.buffaloshrinkwrap.com
Buffalo Shrink Wrap personnel will
demonstrate the companys line of
heavy-duty shrink wrap and applica-
tion equipment for protecting items
during shipping and storage.
BugO Systems/ C2106
Weld Tooling Corp.
www.bugo.com
The Bug-O Systems booth will feature
the companys track, automation, and
motion-control technology for arc
welding and cutting operations.
Bullard C3532
www.bullard.com
Burleson Texas A3053
Economic Development
www.burlesontxedc.com
Burny Kaliburn C2022
www.burnykaliburn.com
Burny Kaliburn, a Lincoln Electric
company, will showcase its extensive
line of high-current-density plasma
systems featuring high-quality cuts
and low operating costs.
Cambridge Vacuum C3451
Engineering
www.camvaceng.com
Cambridge Vacuum Engineering will
highlight its electron beam welding
machines ranging from 50 to 200 kV
with beam powers up to 100 kW.
Capital Weld Cleaners C2238
www.capitalweldcleaners.com
Capital Weld Cleaners will display its
efficient electrochemical method that
uses precision technology to instantly
clean discoloration from recently weld-
ed stainless steel parts.
CDS Corp. C1258
www.cdsindexers.com
FABTECH
BTIC AMERICA CORP.
NOW AVAILABLE! ISO CYLINDERS
HEAD OFFICE SERVICE CENTER
6600 SANDS POINT DR. #121 7171 PATTERSON DRIVE
HOUSTON, TX 77074 GARDEN GROVE, CA 92841
P: (713)779-8882 P: (714) 893-4951
F: (713)774-1763 F: (714) 891-3403
WWW.BTIC-AMERICA.COM

BTIC AMERICA CORP

P. RICA CORP.

See us at FABTECH booth C3366 For info go to www.aws.org/adindex
mercerabrasives.com sales@mercerabrasives.com
North American Headquarters Ronkonkoma, NY t. 631.243.3900 f. 631.243.3209
Mercer Abrasives West Fullerton, CA t. 714.441.4975 f. 714.44.8665
Mercer Abrasives
introduces...
our brand new line of ceramic grain products.
COMI NG SOON!
CDS will present its line of high-precision motion-con-
trol products for precise work positioning in robotic
cells, pallet transfer conveyors, and servo turntables de-
signed for use in robotic work cells.
Cebotech, Inc. C3439
www.cebotechusa.com
Cerbaco, Ltd. A2944
www.cerbaco.com
Cerbaco will provide samples from its line of more than
500 configurations of nonmetallic weld backings that
permit finished-quality, complete joint penetration
welds from one side. Visit the booth for technical assis-
tance and free custom design services.
CGWCamel C3530
Grinding Wheels USA
www.cgwcamel.com
CGW-Camel Grinding Wheels will showcase its abrasive
products, resinbonded and coated for surface condition-
ing. Products will include Semi-Flex-Rigid discs, Green
Grind wheels, cotton fiber wheels, and Quickie Cut pre-
mium cut-off wheels.
CH Steel Solutions, Inc. C517
www.chsteelsolutions.com
CH Steel Solutions specialists will show its cantilever
racking systems for the metals and manufacturing in-
dustry and offer its design, layout, engineering, and
turn-key installation services. The company also offers
side loaders and lifts from Combilift.
Changzhou Huarui Welding C3107
& Cutting Equipment Co., Ltd.
www.huaruicn.com
Changzhou Huatong C3652
Welding Industry Co., Ltd.
www.htw.cn
Changzhou Huatong will display its lines of high-quality
solid and flux cored, mild steel, stainless steel, and alu-
minum-alloy welding wires, electrodes, welding ma-
chines, CNC portable/gantry plasma/flame-cutting ma-
chines, various accessories, and safety products.
Changzhou Longren Mechanical C3119
& Electrical Co., Ltd.
www.longrenwelding.com
Changzhou Longren will feature its lines of gas metal arc
and tungsten arc welding and plasma arc cutting torches
and accessories at the booth.
Changzhou Shine Science C3117
& Technology Co., Ltd.
www.shinexunan.com
FABTECH
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Changzhou Shine will feature its wide
range of high-tech welding helmets
certified to ANSI, CSA, and CE. Visit
the booth to discuss your needs.
Changzhou Wujin Golden Globe C63
Welding & Cutting Machinery Co., Ltd.
www.cngoldenglobe.com
Changzhou Wujin Golden Globe will
display its wide range of welding acces-
sories, guns, and torches, as well as
safety protective equipment and tools
designed for welding and cutting.
Changzhou Zhengyang C3109
Welding Material Co., Ltd.
www.zywelding.com
Changzhou Zhengyang will display its
extensive lines of welding wires, in-
cluding about 100 different varieties
and specifications for gas shielded,
flux cored, aluminum welding, and
others.
Chart, Inc. C3322
www.chartindustries.com
Chart will feature its cryogenic and
gas-processing products and systems
for a wide variety of applications, in-
cluding purification, liquefaction, pro-
duction, storage, distribution, and
end-use applications for natural and
industrial gases. Highlighted will be a
compact horizontal bulk storage tank.
China National Abrasives C3661
Industry Corp.
www.chinaabrasives.com
C. H. Symington & Co., Inc. C3407
www.chsymington.com
C. H. Symington will display its line of
air-carbon arc gouging torches, manu-
al, semiautomatic, and fully digital au-
tomatic gouging systems, and related
consumables, cable connectors, and a
600-A grounding clamp. A new prod-
uct, the twist-valve bonnet assembly
torch, will also be featured.
Cibo nv C3557
www.cibo.be
CK Worldwide C1708
www.ckworldwide.com
CK Worldwide will feature its high-
quality gas tungsten arc welding torch-
es and accessories.
Clamptek Enterprise Co., Ltd. C3641
www.clamptek.com
Clamptek will display its lines of tog-
gle clamps, pneumatic and hydraulic
clamping systems, hydraulic power
units, and precision fixture systems.
Clara Vision C3635
www.weldingexpert.net
Clara Vision will showcase its Welding
Expert, an innovative tool for fast and
highly accurate weld bead inspection
and weld bead measurement that is
useful for welding certification. Appli-
cations include weld inspection, weld
analysis, welding quality control, weld
analysis, and weld measurement.
Clean Air America, Inc. A2935
www.cleanair.com
FABTECH
Clean Air America will present its high-tech welding
booths for manual and robotic welding operations, fea-
turing effective collection and removal of oil mist and
smoke.
Cloos Robotic Welding, Inc. C1544
www.cloosrobot.com
Cloos Robotic Welding will display its QINEO power
sources and QIROX welding robot systems featuring
the latest technology for processing most industrial
materials.
CM Industries, Inc. C3045
www.cmindustries.com
CM Industries will display its lines of high-quality weld-
ing guns, torches, consumables, and accessories. Featured
will be the Kool Run line of robotic gas metal arc torches
and peripherals.
CMW Resistance Welding C3662
Products
www.cmwinc.com
Compressed Air Best Practices A3048
www.airbestpractices.com
Compressed Air Best Practices magazine is a free, monthly,
print and online journal dedicated to teaching industrial
compressed-air users how to reduce the energy costs (kW)
associated with these systems. How to articles instruct
plant engineers how to conduct assessments on air com-
pressors, blowers, vacuum, and pneumatic systems.
Computer Engineering, Inc. C2463
www.thinkcei.com
Visit the Computer Engineering booth to learn how its
software systems can save you time and money by gener-
ating fully code-checked welding documents, including
PQRs, WPSs, and WPQs, in addition to tracking welder
continuity.
Computers Unlimited C2144
www.cu.net
Computers Unlimited will demonstrate the TIMS soft-
ware products for specialty gas and welding supply dis-
tributors, featuring fully integrated cylinder
tracking/management, order-processing for gases, hard-
goods and rental equipment, inventory/warehouse man-
agement; truck routing/dispatching; electronic vendor
price updates, EDI and e-commerce; imaging, document
archiving, and data-analysis tools.
Continental Abrasives C3435
www.continentalabrasives.com
Controlled Automation, Inc. C1267
www.controlledautomation.com
FABTECH
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Controlled Automation will showcase
its automated structural steel drilling,
punching, shape cutting machinery,
and material-handling systems.
CoreTemp Abrasives C3335
www.coretempabrasives.com
CoreTemp Abrasives will display its
line of grinding wheels, flap discs, and
cutting wheels. Each product label fea-
tures a QR barcode that can be
scanned by a smart phone to view a
three-minute product training video.
Visit the booth for a demonstration of
this feature.
Corewire, Ltd. C71
www.corewire.com
Corewire will show its lines of flux and
metal-cored wires for hardfacing appli-
cations, and other products for steel
mill roll welding and die repair in the
die forging industry, cement, earth-
moving, and mining industries. In-
cluded will be the Weldclad brand of
products for the repair and manufac-
ture of rolls for the steel industry and
the Forgeweld brand of products for
forging die repairs and manufacturing.
CORMET, Inc. C1205
www.cormet.com
Cor-Met will show products in its line
of high-alloy, flux-cored welding wires
and electrodes, including nickel- and
cobalt-based, stainless steel, tool steel,
alloy steels, hardfacing, and alloys for
repairing forging dies and compo-
nents. New products to be introduced
at FABTECH will include QWP flux-
coated and flux-cored gas tungsten arc
welding rods, and a number of stain-
less steel and specialty grades.
CribMaster C3053
www.cribmaster.com
Cspec C2111
www.cspec.com
C-spec will feature the WeldOffice
software for managing welding docu-
mentation. Visit the booth to see how
it automatically creates and checks
Welding Procedure Specifications
(WPSs), and Welder Performance
Qualification (WPQ) records that com-
ply with ASME IX, AWS D1.1, and ISO
standards.
CS Unitec, Inc. C2652
www.csunitec.com
CS Unitec will feature its electric, hy-
draulic, and pneumatic metalworking
tools for construction and industrial
applications. New products will in-
clude the PIPE-MAX combination
grinder and polisher, Multi-Max sta-
tionary multipurpose grinder and pol-
isher, and the flexible drive shaft
grinder. Other products include sur-
face-finishing and fabrication tools
and abrasives for grinding, sanding,
polishing, beveling and deburring
stainless steel, steel, aluminum, and
other nonferrous metals.
FABTECH
4755 Alpine, Suite 250, Stafford, Texas 77477
281-240-5600 Toll-free: 800-961-3158 Fax: 281-240-5625
www.kobelcowelding.com
Distribution Centers: Houston Cincinnati Salt Lake City
Chicago Philadelphia Birmingham
KOBELCO WELDING OF
AMERICA INC.
Introducing Kobelcos new XR-Series wires
Our XR-Series wires have
reduced the Hexavalent Cr
production in the
welding fume over
conventional wires
Kobelcos XR-Series wires drastically reduce
Hexavalent CR production
Kobelco XR-Series
available now:
DW-308L-XR/E308LT0-1/4
DW-309L-XR/E309LT0-1/4
DW-316L-XR/E316LT0-1/4
This reduction contributes to a safer
environment by reducing the potential
exposure to Hexavalent Cr in the workplace.
75% Ar-25% CO
2
gas mixture or 100% CO
2
(75% Ar-25% CO
2
recommended)
XR-Series
T Ty yp pi ic ca al l c ch he em mi is st tr ry y o of f a al ll l w we el ld d m me et ta al l ( (% %) ) a an nd d D Di if ff fu us si ib bl le e h hy yd dr ro og ge en n c co on nt te en nt t ( (m mL L/ /1 10 00 0g g) )
C Si Mn P S Ni [H]d
Example 0.05 0.63 1.17 0.010 0.007 0.38 6.9
AWS Spec. 0.12 0.90 1.60 0.03 0.03 0.50 8.0
Shielding gas: 75%Ar-25%CO2, As welded
T Ty yp pi ic ca al l m me ec ch ha an ni ic ca al l p pr ro op pe er rt ty y o of f w we el ld d m me et ta al l
Impact value (ft-lbf) 0.2%P.S
(ksi)
T.S
(ksi)
Elongation
(%)
-50 F -40 F
Example 81 87 29 93 98
AWS Spec. 58 70 - 90 22 Not specified 20
Test method: AWS A5.20, Welding parameter: 250A-29V, Shielding gas: 75%Ar-25%CO2, As welded
Diameters: 0.045
Spool size: 28lbs, 44lbs
Code Data
AWS A5.20 E71T-12MJ H8
ASME SFA-5.20 E71T-12MJ H8
Outstanding Features
Meets AWS A5.20 E71T-12MJ. Excellent
impact value at low temperature down to
-40F can be obtained.
Produces weld metal with less than
0.5%Ni. This Ni composition allows this
wire to conform to the A-1 composition
in QW-440, section IX in the ASME
standard.
Excellent weldability not only in
horizontal but also in vertical and
overhead welding position with
75-80%Ar - Bal.CO2.
All position welding can be achieved
with good bead appearance, negligible
spatter, and easy slag removal.
DW-A55EH
Rutile-based
Flux Cored Wire
CWI Helper C3419
www.cwihelper.com
CylTec, Inc. C3628
www.cyltec.com
Cyl-Tec will highlight its products and
services as a supplier of compressed gas
cylinders and accessories. Its products
include DOT/TC high-pressure, acety-
lene, aluminum, portable cryogenic,
and beverage-carbonation cylinders.
Dakota Ultrasonics C1758
www.dakotaultrasonics.com
Dataweld, Inc. C3153
www.dataweld.com
Dengensha America Corp. C2216
www.dengensha.com
Dengensha America will showcase its
line of resistance welding equipment,
including pedestal welding machines,
lightweight and servo weld guns, auto-
matic nut and bolt feeders, controls,
consumables, and spare parts. Featured
will be its new E-Series MFDC NDZ
welding machine, which offers ad-
vanced controls for lower weld currents
and better heat efficiency for welding
high-strength steel and to create
stronger projection welds. It will also
display its lightweight weld guns, auto-
matic feeders, and weld controls. Expe-
rienced sales and engineering staff will
be on hand to answer questions.
DESTACO C3666
www.destaco.com
DE-STA-CO will display its line of
clamps, grippers, indexers, slides, con-
veyors, robotic tooling, and remote-
handling products for workplace and
automation needs.
Detroit Torch and C3538
Mfg. Co., Inc.
www.detriottorch.com
D/F Machine Specialties, Inc. C2461
www.dfmachinespecialties.com
D/F Machine Specialties designs, de-
velops, and manufactures American
made GMAW and GTAW guns and
torches for robotic and welding au-
tomation equipment. The company
will show its line of water- and air-
cooled torches including tandem, open-
arc, gasless, submerged arc, hardband-
ing, hardfacing, and overlay welding
torches for steel and aluminum.
Diagraph MSP, an ITW Co. C2644
www.diagraphmsp.com
Diagraph MSP will show its line of
marking identification products, in-
cluding stencil equipment, inks, and ap-
plicators. It will demonstrate its high-
quality products such as GP-X industri-
al marking pens in Classic, Eco, Grizzly,
and Anchor styles and other low VOC
marking identification products.
Diakont A3052
www.diakont.us.com
Diamond Ground Products, Inc. C2132
www.diamondground.com
Diamond Ground Products will display
its tungsten and tungsten preparation
products. Information will be provided
on the companys dedication to the
improvement of weld quality and
welder productivity.
Diamond Saw Works, Inc. C3617
www.diamondsaw.com
Diamond Saw Works will show its line
of band saw, jig, reciprocating, air saw,
and circular saw blades, as well as hole
saws, and power hacks.
Dinse, Inc. C2037
www.dinseus.com
Dinse manufactures robotic and man-
ual air- and water-cooled welding guns
and torches for all applications. The
company will feature its cold and hot
wire feeding systems for laser welding
and plasma brazing; robotic and man-
ual arc welding torches and equip-
ment; push/pull robotic and manual
welding torches for aluminum and
other soft wire filler materials; stan-
dard robotic tandem torches as well as
those with push/pull technology; ro-
botic GTAW equipment with or with-
out cold wire feed; cold and hot wire
feed systems for lasers; torch cleaning
stations, and robot manual and auto-
matic torch changing systems.
Direct Wire & Cable C1657
www.directwireusa.com
FABTECH
Do you work with
robotic arc welding
machines?
You could be the next
AWS Certified Robotic
Arc Welder!
AWS created the Certified
Robotic Arc Welding (CRAW)
program to qualify and ultimately
certify robotic arc welding
personnel. With two levels of
certifcation, the AWS D16
Committee on robotics developed
a credential for both operators
and technicians of robotic arc
welding.
Want to learn more?
Visit us in Atlanta, Georgia during
FABTECH 2014.
November 11-13
Georgia World Congress
Center Hall A
Atlanta, GA
For more information and to apply
in advance, visit the website at
www.aws.org/certification/CRAW

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Direct Wire will exhibit its high-quali-
ty, U.S.-made welding cable. Shown
will be the Flex-a-Prene and Ultra-Flex
lines that offer unique flexibility and
durability.
DiversiTech, Inc. C1218
www.diversitech.ca
Diversi-Tech is equipped to design,
supply, and install a complete line of
air filtration products such as down-
draft tables, wet and dry dust and
fume collectors, capture arms and
blowers, weld booths, oil-mist collec-
tors, scrubbers, make-up air systems,
and cartridge filter cleaning systems.
The Fume Tracker will be demonstrat-
ed at the show.
Dongbei Special Steel Group A2947
Co., Ltd.
www.dtgroup.cn
DOT Quality Services A2953
www.dotqs.com
Dr. Gold & Co. C2512
www.carrymate.com
Goldanco, the U.S. liaison for Dr. Gold,
will showcase its CARRYMATE non-
slip transport grips designed to help
workers prevent back injuries, avoid
accidents, and improve productivity.
The companys Panel Grips enable fast,
efficient transport of metal, glass,
granite, and other materials, and can
lift up to 440 lb per pair.
DualDraw, LLC C1034
www.DualDraw.com
DualDraw will feature its indoor air-
quality equipment, which focuses on
industrial downdraft tables and
booths. Information will be provided
on its patented airflow design that
maximizes capture of harmful welding
smoke, grinding dust, and noxious
fumes. The company has many stan-
dard designs to choose from or the
equipment can be easily modified in a
cost-effective manner to fit a cus-
tomers unique specifications.
DURUM USA C3336
www.durumusa.com
Durum will highlight its hardfacing
products including welding powders,
rods, wires, and electrodes sold under
the name Durmat. The company of-
fers PTA torches and welding systems
used in industries such as deep
drilling, steel, foundries, glass, min-
ing, dredging, brick and clay, agricul-
ture, textiles, chemical, aluminum, ex-
cavation, and pump manufacture and
repair.
Dynaflux C3202
www.dynaflux.com
Dynaflux will offer its lines of chemi-
cals for surface treatment as well as its
nondestructive testing products, lens-
es, face shields, head gear, portable rod
ovens, and water recirculators. Staff
will be on hand to answer questions
about pickling and passivation of
stainless, and will conduct live demon-
strations of its new heat tint brush re-
moval system.
FABTECH
Easy to use
High quality
Fast
Affordable
W-60SM: Saddle miter cutting up to 12" pipe. The W-60SM cuts 90 degree
saddles, miters to 45 degrees and straight cuts. The torch is set to whatever bevel
angle is required. Comes standard with oxy-fuel torch and rotary ground. Plasma
torch holder with 32 pitch is available.
W-122: The W-122 is a two axis computerized cutter utilizing plasma. Cuts pipe
diameters from 1.5" to 12.75". The easy to use menu driven programming is very
user friendly. Up to 50 cuts can be linked together and 2500 files saved. The bevel
angle is set manually with the protractor torch mount. The cutting head tracks the
pipe both vertically and horizontally with the Watts unique tracking head.
Watts Specialties, Inc.
2323 East Pioneer STE. A
Puyallup, WA 98372 USA
(253) 848-9288
Fax: (253) 848-9295
sales@watts-specialties.com
MAKE WATTS YOUR #1 SOURCE
FOR PIPE CUTTING EQUIPMENT
web: watts-specialties.com
See us at FABTECH booth C552 For info go to www.aws.org/adindex
Dynatorch, Inc. C2608
www.dynatorch.com
Dynatorch will feature its CNC plasma,
oxyfuel, and laser cutting machines in
sizes from 4 4 to 8 40. The compa-
nys products are all servo driven,
high-performance machines compati-
ble with air plasma and high-end
mechanized plasmas. It also offers up
to 1500-W CO
2
lasers with both plate
and tube cutting capability.
E. H. Wachs C2632
www.ehwachs.com
E. H. Wachs will feature its ISO-certi-
fied, portable machining and valve
turning equipment including inside
and outside mounted weld prep ma-
chine tools designed to cut, bevel,
counterbore, and remove welds and
face flanges on pipes and vessels of all
sizes and schedules under all condi-
tions and environments. Information
will be provided on its rental/lease op-
tions, on-site training, and custom
machine design and manufacturing of
special-application machines.
Easom Automation C3161
Systems, Inc.
www.easomeng.com
ELCo Enterprises C2244
www.wirewizard.com
ELCo Enterprises will offer its full line
of weld wire dispensing and weld cell
support equipment. Featured this year
will be Torch Wizard nozzle cleaning
stations, Wire Wizard wire guide
module system, Wire Pilot feed assist
and Blue Magic and Blue Chill anti-
spatters, and other new products for
robotic and semiautomatic welding ap-
plications for all wire sizes.
Elcometer, Inc. C2562
www.elcometerndt.com
Elcometer will showcase its corrosion
gauges, precision gauges, and flaw de-
tection gauges, which can measure wall
thicknesses and detect flaws in a wide
range of applications, including the oil
and gas, marine, power, and civil engi-
neering sectors.
Elderfield & Hall C1635
www.profusiononline.com
Elderfield & Hall will demonstrate
proper tungsten electrode grinding
techniques. The Profusion line in-
cludes tungsten electrode grinders and
precision preground tungsten elec-
trodes to maximize results in orbital
and GTA welding, as well as microplas-
ma/micro-GTA welding systems and
precision band saws.
Electron Beam C2550
Technologies, Inc.
www.electronbeam.com
Electron Beam Technologies will fea-
ture its Fast 'N Easy bulk electrode
handling accessories used to deliver
the welding electrode from the payoff
to the feeder. Also featured will be EB-
flex, electron beam cross-linked Class
K standard welding cables in popular
sizes. Engineers will be available to
discuss composite cable designs and
other topics.
Element Materials Technology C3266
www.element.com
Element will showcase its network of
laboratories and experts specializing in
materials testing, product qualifica-
tion testing, and failure analysis for
the aerospace, oil and gas, transporta-
tion, and industrial sectors. The com-
pany has a team of 1500 scientists, en-
gineers, and technicians who work in
42 facilities located throughout the
United States and Europe.
Ensitech C3067
www.tigbrush.com
Ensitech will exhibit its TIG Brush
stainless steel weld cleaning system.
ENTRON Controls, LLC C3662
www.entroncontrols.com
Environmental Air Solutions C3611
www.keeptheheat.com
Environmental Air Solutions will show
its KeepTheHeat air-to-air heat ex-
changer. Staff will be on hand to explain
how the product recycles heat, provid-
ing ventilation without losing heat.
Equipois, LLC C354
www.equipoisllc.com
FABTECH
Do you have what it
takes to win an AWS
CRAW Certification?
Compete at
FABTECH 2014
and fnd out.
The second annual CRAW
Competition will be held during
FABTECH 2014 in Atlanta,
Georgia, where pre-screened
candidates will take a sample
CRAW written examination
followed by a skill test that
simulates an actual CRAW
performance examination. Not
only can you gain recognition in
front of industry experts, but if you
win, AWS will cover the costs of
your training and exam to earn a
CRAW operator or technician
Certifcation.
If you think you have what it takes
sign up to compete today at
FABTECH 2014.
November 11-13
Center Hall A
Atlanta, GA

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ESAB Welding & C2444, C2466
Cutting Products
www.esabna.com
ESAB will showcase its complete line
of welding and cutting equipment and
welding filler metals. With more than
100 years of experience, the company
is committed to providing customized
solutions for its customers. The com-
panys product range includes small
and large gantry shape-cutting ma-
chines with oxyfuel, plasma, laser, and
waterjet processes, arc welding equip-
ment, automated welding lines, plas-
ma cutting machines, gas apparatus,
and filler metals.
Essen Trade Shows C3439
www.essentradeshows.com
Messe Essen organizes leading interna-
tional trade shows for welding, cutting,
joining, and surfacing all over the world.
The largest of its welding shows,
Schweissen & Schneiden, takes place
every four years in Essen, Germany, and
has more than 1000 exhibitors and
more than 60,000 trade buyers. It also
organizes the Beijing Essen Welding
Cutting, Schweissen & Schneiden India
in Mumbai, and the Russia Essen Weld-
ing Cutting Trade Show in Moscow.
FANUC America Corp. C2056
www.fanucamerica.com
FANUC America will exhibit its line of
industrial robots, and CNC and mo-
tion control systems for the aero-
space, automotive, education, heavy
and off-road vehicles, medical devices,
metal fabrication, and many other in-
dustries. Also offered will be
ROBOGUIDE simulation, force sens-
ing, and iRVision.
Fastenal Co. C3408
www.fastenal.com
Fastenal will present FAST Solutions,
industrial vending that brings the op-
tion for on-hand inventory to the fac-
tory floor. The product allows cus-
tomers to streamline processes, im-
prove visibility, and lower total costs.
Each machine vends products span-
ning several categories allowing cus-
tomers to track/control consumption
of virtually anything.
Fein Power Tools, Inc. C1144
www.feinus.com
FEIN Power Tools will showcase and
provide hands-on demonstrations of
its full range of metalworking prod-
ucts including magnetic base drills,
stainless steel finishing systems, hand
grinders, and stationary belt grinding
machinery. New products displayed
will include magnetic base drills, hand
grinders, and cordless drills/drivers.
Ferris State University A2731
www.ferris.edu
Ferris States nationally recognized
Welding Engineering Technology pro-
gram is the largest of its kind in the
United States. The program is de-
signed to produce plant-level welding
engineering technology graduates who
FABTECH
are involved in the concept, design,
and engineering of weldments and im-
plementation of welding processes.
FIBA Technologies, Inc. C3412
www.fibatech.com
FIBA manufactures and reconditions
transport, storage and filling equip-
ment, including pressure vessels, tube
trailers, ISO modules, bulk tanks, and
vaporizers. Information will also be
provided on the ultrasonic and
acoustic emission requalification of
pressure vessels.
FibreMetal By Honeywell C3306
www.fibremetal.com
Fibre-Metal, part of Honeywell Safety
Products brands, will offer its protec-
tive caps, faceshields, and welding hel-
mets known for consistent quality.
Flame Technologies, Inc.C1651, C1653
www.flametechnologies.com
Flame Techs new products on display
will include flow gauges, flow meters,
cutting kits, large size exothermic
burning bars, and Scorpion heavy-duty
hose. Also featured will be the Hy-
droMist line of industrial cooling fans,
utilizing flash evaporation technology,
which results in dramatically cooled
air. Other new products include cut-
ting kits, tote-a-torch kits, flow
gauges, and specialty regulators.
Focus GmbH C3214
www.focusgmbh.com
Focus, an owner-managed company lo-
cated near the Frankfurt, Germany,
airport, will exhibit its line of electron
beam devices.
Foerster Welding C2544
Systems GmbH
www.foerstergmbh.de
Forney Industries, Inc. C2167
www.forneyind.com
Forney will exhibit its line of metal-
working tools and accessories. The
companys catalog spans 13 product
categories including welding, cutting,
grinding, work gloves, safety, chain,
steel by the piece, air accessories, and
electrical for the light industrial and
industrial user.
Foshan Kangshida Welding C3512
Equipments Co., Ltd
www.fsksd.com
Foshan Kangshida will show its line of
welding power sources built in a
20,000-sq-m factory. Information will
be provided on its quality inspection
measures and experienced research
and development team.
FPT Industrie SpA C3436
www.fptindustrie.com
Frommelt Safety Products C1623
www.frommeltsafety.com
Frommelt Safety will offer its point of
access guarding and automated barrier
doors and curtains to protect person-
nel from hazards associated with man-
ufacturing processes. An alternative to
light curtains, integrated PLe interlock
switches on high-speed doors provide
protection by restricting access and
guard against process hazards.
Fronius USA LLC C1954
www.froniususa.com
Fronius will show its high-frequency
welding technology. The companys
products range from compact shielded
metal arc welding machines, and gas
metal arc and gas tungsten arc welding
machines to complex automated
welding systems and spot welding
equipment.
Fusion, Inc. C2602
www.fusioninc.com
Fusion will show its paste brazing and
soldering filler metals, dispensers, and
automatic machines, as well as post-
braze cleaners and ultrasonic cleaning
tanks. A rotary brazing machine join-
ing aluminum parts will be demon-
strated. Personnel will be on hand to
discuss application needs in steel,
stainless, copper, brass, aluminum,
and carbide.
G & J Hall Tools, Inc. C3444
www.gjhalltools.com
G & J Hall Tools will feature its line of
electromagnetic drills and annular cut-
ting tools.
FABTECH
Candidates will be pre-screened
and, if qualifed, will begin by
taking a short multiple-choice test
on welding fundamentals and
robotic arc welding systems.
They will then take part in a
performance test, based on the
CRAW certifcation examination.
The performance portion requires
contestants to demonstrate
familiarity with the components of
a robotic arc welding cell,
program the machine to weld a
test coupon, actually weld the
coupon, and visually verify its
quality. A team of AWS Certified
Welding Inspectors will judge
the competition based on criteria
of AWS D16.4, Specifcation for
the Qualifcation of Robotic Arc
Welding Personnel.
To see if you qualify visit
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Arc Welding Contest
Booth #A3145
FABTECH 2014.
November 11-13
Center Hall A
Atlanta, GA

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Gaozhou City Longsafety C45
Labor Insurance
www.longsafety.com
Gaozhou City Longsafety Labor Insur-
ance Products will showcase its leather
working gloves, welding gloves, leather
aprons, foot covers and welding
clothes.
Gasflux Co. C3061
www.gasflux.com
Gasflux will exhibit its liquid Gasflux,
paste and powder fluxes, as well as sil-
ver and bronze brazing filler metals.
The exhibit will feature live demon-
strations.
GAWDA C4
www.gawda.org
GAWDA is a trade association serving
more than 500 gases and welding sup-
ply distributors, manufacturers, inde-
pendent manufacturers representa-
tives, and individual members, and is
the major trade association represent-
ing the industrial gases and welding
supply industry. GAWDA provides ac-
cess to expert safety and compliance
consultants for all of its members and
leads the industry in providing educa-
tion, industry information, and net-
working opportunities.
GE Measurement & Control C158
www.geinspectiontechnologies.com
Genesis Systems Group C2422
www.genesissystems.com
Genesis Systems Group will display its
capabilities for designing, building,
and implementing robotic arc welding
systems, assembly automation sys-
tems and robotic tooling, material
handling solutions, nondestructive in-
spection cells, and robotic waterjet
cutting systems.
Genstar Technologies, Inc. C3328
www.genstartech.com
Genstar Technologies will feature its
high-quality welding apparatus, gas con-
trol and handling devices, pressure reg-
ulators, fittings, and valves. The compa-
ny can provide custom product configu-
rations, total system integration, and
reliable engineering and support.
Gerima C1158
www.shmusa.com
Global Electronic Services A3057
www.gesrepair.com
Gloves, Inc. C3409
www.glovesinc.com
Golden Eagle Minmetals C65
(Beijing) Welding Materials Co.
www.goldeneaglebj.com
Golden Eagle Minmetals will show its
copper and aluminum welding alloys
and other welding materials.
Goss, Inc. C2129
www.gossonline.com
Gudel, Inc. C1356
www.gudel.com
FABTECH
Gudel will feature its track systems,
and offer information regarding inno-
vations such as bearing replacement
without removal of the e-chain, robot,
or carriage; unique overhead configu-
rations that require less space for leg
supports. The companys risers follow
NAAMS guidelines, and tracks support
all robot models.
Gullco International C3005
www.gullco.com
Gullco will showcase its design and
manufacture of welding and cutting
automation systems. The companys
welding carriages are used for welding
applications in shipbuilding, tank con-
struction, bridge construction, railcar,
and other heavy fabrication industries.
H & M Pipe Beveling C2222
Machine Co., Inc.
hwww.hmpipe.com
Hangzhou Apollo Import C2210
and Export Co., Ltd.
www.eastrockwelding.com
East Rock Welding will show its line of
welding consumables, which are
sourced directly from its five factories.
Hangzhou Gegao Machine C3536
Co., Ltd.
www.gegao.com
Hangzhou Gegao Machine will high-
lights its range of services, which in-
clude CNC laser cutting, plasma cut-
ting, oxygen cutting, punching,
stamping, bending, welding, assem-
bling, machining (CNC laths, milling,
drilling, planning, grinding), surface
treatment, and packing.
Harbert's Products, Inc./ C1754
Allied Flux Reclaiming Ltd.
www.recycleflux.com
Harbert's Products/Allied Flux will
showcase its custom, closed-loop SAW
flux/slag crushing (reclaiming/recy-
cling) service. Information will be pro-
vided on how crushing slag saves mon-
ey and is environmentally friendly.
Harris Products Group C2044
www.harrisproductsgroup.com
Harris Products Group, a Lincoln Elec-
FABTECH
To be a world class competitor, your
shop needs world class equipment.
With modular fixturing from Bluco,
you can win those tight tolerance jobs
that others have to turn down. Make
quality parts, on time, and watch your
business grow.
Call for a free catalog
(800-535-0135)
Visit our website
(www.Bluco.com)
World Class
Fixtures
Welding fixture
for a hydraulic
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ucks Job Shops Excavators Tractors Sheetmetal Defense Gates Construction Aerospac
BLUCO Corporation
3500 Thayer Court Aurora, IL 60504
www.Bluco.com 800-535-0135
A World of Fixtures for... Pipes Train Cars Robotics Bicycles Hydraulic Aircraft Fram
Finally! Complete Resistance
Welding Process Control
In The Palm of Your Hand
With our new hand-held Weldscope
WS-100, you can control 15 monitoring
functions and 3 selectable detection
ranges from the palm of your hand.
Monitor and measure welding
current, cycle time and peak
current from AC and DC welders,
single and three-phase welders,
capacitor discharge welders, AC seam
welders, pulsation AC/DC welders, and
inverter welders. Plus, not only does it
save the last 800 welds, you can easily
print out the results for quality
assurance.
Visit Us: Fabtech
Booth #C2216
Ask for a
WS-100 Demo
Call: 440-439-8081
Web: dengensha.com
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ties in the design, development and
manufacture of cutting, welding, braz-
ing, and soldering equipment and con-
sumables, and gas distribution systems.
Hascor USA, Inc. C3108
www.hascor.com
Haynes International, Inc. C1112
www.haynesintl.com
Haynes International will display its
HASTELLOY and HAYNES high-
performance alloys for use in corrosion
and high-temperature applications.
Standard products include wire and
welding consumables, pipe and tubing,
sheet and plate, fittings, and bar.
HBS Bolzenschweiss C3629
Systeme GmbH & Co. KG
www.hbsstudwelding.com
HBS Bolzenschweiss will display its
full range of nut and stud welding
systems and accessories including
manual units, semiautomatic sys-
tems, fully automated CNC machines,
and custom-made machines, which
are sold through the companys
distributors.
Hebei Kingster Machinery C2552
Equipment Co., Ltd.
www.kingster1.com
Hebei Kingster will show its line of
portable oxygen welding and cutting
machines. Its WAYOUT series of prod-
ucts produce a flame temperature of
up to 9500C, and is multifunctional,
cost effective, environmentally friend-
ly, and easy to operate.
Heck Industries C3422
www.heckind.net
Heck Industries will feature its plate
bevelers, chamfering machines, tube
notchers, pipe benders, bench vises,
nibblers, and sheet metal forming
equipment.
Helvi S.p.A C3618
www.helvi.com
Hermes Abrasives, Ltd. C3609
www.hermesabrasives.com
Hermes Abrasives will highlight its com-
plete line of coated and bonded abrasive
products for metalworking applications,
including nonwoven web, cloth, paper,
fiber, and synthetic backed sheets, rolls,
discs and belts. The company manufac-
tures industrial-grade coated abrasive
products for a wide variety of wet or dry
metalworking applications.
Heron Machine & Electric C3105
Industrial, Ltd.
www.heronwelder.com
HIGHYAG Lasertechnologie C2136
GmbH
Hisco C3518
www.hisco.com
Hisco will showcase its services as a
specialty distributor serving the elec-
tronic assembly and industrial manu-
facturing markets. The companys in-
ventory includes adhesives, silicones,
tapes, films, precision hand tools, and
clean room materials. Application en-
gineers will be on hand to discuss how
to improve manufacturing processes
and lower costs.
FABTECH
For info go to www.aws.org/adindex See us at FABTECH booth C2666
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For Info, go to www.aws.org/adindex See us at FABTECH booth B4265
Hobart Brothers C2934
www.hobartbrothers.com
Hobart Brothers will show its line of premi-
um filler metals, including tubular wires
(flux-cored and metal-cored), solid wires
and shielded metal arc electrodes under the
brand name Hobart.
Hobart Institute of Welding C2634
Technology
www.welding.org
Hobart Institute of Welding Technology of-
fers training in all major welding processes.
Skill-development courses, certifications,
technical training, and customized training
for corporate welding needs are available
on or off site. Also offered are complete
training programs including DVDs, instruc-
tor guides, and student workbooks.
Hyundai Welding Products C2922
www.hyundaiwelding.com
IBEDA/SuperFlash Compressed C1223
Gas Equipment, Inc.
www.oxyfuelsafety.com
With a large variety of flashback arrestors,
quick connectors, manifolds, heating equip-
ment, thermal spray, and other compressed
gas equipment, SuperFlash will provide sys-
tems for all types of compressed gas users.
The company booth will offer live demon-
strations of flashback arrestors and gas
mixers.
Ideal Welding Systems LP C1266
www.go2iws.com
Ideal Welding Systems will exhibit its
CSR102 automated welding machine for 2D
or 3D sheet metal and wire welded products,
such as electrical enclosures, ATMs, cash reg-
isters, sheet metal shelving, fan guards, or
any sheet metal and wire product requiring a
resistance welding procedure.
igm Robotic Systems, Inc. C1556
www.igmusa.com
IMPACT Engineering, Inc. C2234
www.impactwelding.com
IMPACT will show ARCAgent
TM
arc weld
monitoring systems that can be applied to
any welding power supply/
robot. All arc welding processes are sup-
ported in manual and robotic applications.
Also, these systems provide weld produc-
FABTECH
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tion metrics, part tracking, weld
process control, weld process quality,
and weld process analysis.
Industrial Air Solutions, Inc. C1352
www.industrialairsolutions.com
Industrial Air Solutions, the exclusive
North American distributor for the
Coral SPA product line, will highlight its
portable and central-style dust, mist,
smoke, fume, and vacuum systems.
Industrial Maid LLC C1039
www.industrialmaid.com
The engineering staff at Industrial
Maid will help visitors select a cost-ef-
fective system for controlling welding
smoke and fumes, grinding dust, oil
mist, vapors, and many other indoor
air contaminants.
InHouse Solutions, Inc. C3245
www.inhousesolutions.com
In-House Solutions will display Octo-
puz, an off-line programming soft-
ware for robots and intelligent CAD-
to-path system.
Innovative Product Ideas LLC A3059
www.scrapenburr.com
Innovative Product Ideas will feature
Scrape-N-Burr with new DuaLast
edge technology blades. This heavy-
duty weldment and work area cleanup
tool was designed for the harsh envi-
ronment of the welding and metal fab-
rication industries.
Interactive Safety Products, Inc.C2409
www.helmetsystems.com
Interactive Safety Products will display
its Pureflo range that provides com-
bined head, eye, face, welding, and posi-
tive powered respiratory protection.
Also, Pureflo ESM alerts the wearer,
through a helmet-mounted audio visual
display, when to charge batteries and/or
change the filter while at the same time
eliminating the need for fit testing.
International Thermal A2927, C1010
Spray Association (ITSA)
www.thermalspray.org
The International Thermal Spray As-
sociation, a Standing Committee of
the American Welding Society, will
host live thermal spray demonstra-
tions that will take place every hour on
the hour during FABTECH at booth
A2927. In addition, the professional
industrial organization will highlight
its services dedicated to expanding the
use of thermal spray technologies for
the benefit of industry and society at
booth C1010. With 63 active member
companies worldwide, ITSA is pre-
pared to meet your coatings needs.
International Welding C1062
Technologies, Inc.
www.internationalwelding.com
International Welding Technologies
will spotlight its portable and special-
purpose stud welding equipment and
fasteners.
InterTest, Inc. C3351
www.intertest.com
IPG Photonics C2408
www.ipgphotonics.com
IPG Photonics will offer its active fiber
lasers, direct diodes, and amplifiers
from 0.5 to 2 m. Industrial lasers op-
FABTECH
Whether youre a Manager, Engineer, Designer, or supervise a welding operation, you may be working with
people who know little about welding. You may have even seen serious and costly errors made in manufacturing
when common knowledge was not known by key people.
This conference is for you! It will take you through a description of the product, and its purpose; moving
through key issues that can infuence the quality, cost, and performance of the fnished product. Youll learn key
operations management concepts and learn the importance of close cooperation between factory operations.
Join us during FABTECH 2014 in Atlanta, Georgia, at the Georgia World Congress Center on Tuesday,
November 11 and Wednesday, November 12, for the So Youre The New Welding Engineer Conference.
Visit www.aws.org/conferences for a full description of the program and list of speakers, then invite
those you know that need this information to attend.
To register visit www.fabtechexpo.com / Registration Code: W24
Learn how to
Ask The Right Questions
Get The Results You Need
Save Money
And Stay Out Of Trouble
in this two-day conference held during FABTECH 2014.
SO YOURE THE
NEW WELDING ENGINEER?
LET US HELP YOU GET UP TO SPEED.

LET US HELP Y

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This conference is for you! It will take you through a description of the product,
those you know that need this information
www.aws.org/conferences Visit
www.fabtechexpo.com To register visit

New W oure The So YYo for the November 12,
orld Congress Center on W at the Georgia Georgia, Atlanta, in
n the importance of close cooperation between factor operations management concepts and lear
mance of the fnished product. and perfor cost, , through key issues that can infuence the quality
This conference is for you! It will take you through a description of the product,
to attend. those you know that need this information
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. Conference Engineer elding New W
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moving and its purpose; This conference is for you! It will take you through a description of the product,
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W24 / Registration Code:
BE LEAN AND GREEN WHEN
USING YOUR SUB-ARC
WELDING MACHINE
WORLDS ONLY
Audited & Approved
S.A.W. Flux Slag Crusher
Totally Closed-loop
Slag Crusher
1.800.377.3103 (USA & CANADA)
harberts@recycleflux.com www.recycleflux.com
erating at 1 m will also be available
from 10 W to > 50 kW for a range of
applications and featuring low beam
divergence, air cooling, high wall plug
efficiency, and diode life.
IRCO Automation, Inc. C2616
www.ircoautomation.com
IRCO Automation will present its posi-
tioning equipment and automated
welding systems for industrial welding
and fabricating.
Ironworkers Management C2131
Progressive Action Cooperative
Trust (IMPACT)
www.impactnet.org
IMPACT, a Labor Management Taft
Hartley Trust, will feature its services
to expand job opportunities for Union
Ironworkers and their signatory con-
tractors through progressive and inno-
vative labor-management cooperative
programs.
Jabez Technologies, Inc. C3163
www.robotmaster.com
Jabez Technologies will show Robot-
master, a software designed to speed
up and facilitate robotic programming.
The CAD/CAM based program con-
verts your CAD/CAM data into a 6-
axis robot output and generates com-
plex, error-free robotic trajectories us-
ing optimization along with dynamic
3D simulation.
JASIC Technologies C2658
America, Inc.
www.jasictech.com
JASIC Technologies America will be
showcasing the new range of Razor-
weld inverter welding machines, in-
cluding single-phase arc inverter to
three-phase multisystem machines as
well as welding and cutting torches.
Javelin Industrial C3462
www.javelinindustrial.com
Javelin Industrial will highlight its
portable fabrication equipment, in-
cluding collapsible pipe stands, V-
heads, pipe rollers, grinder holders,
and grounding equipment.
JAZ USA, Inc. C3122
www.jazusa.com
JAZ USA, a wholly owned subsidiary
of JAZ-ZUBIAURRE, will offer a range
of industrial power, tube, hand
scratch, and engineered brushes for
your application needs.
Jetline Engineering C2638
www.jetline.com
Jetline will present its equipment for
automated arc welding systems, includ-
ing weld fixtures with cold and hot wire,
joint tracking, arc length and oscillation
controls, vision systems, travel controls,
and the 9900 computer controller.
JiangSu Shenyuan Special A2949
Steel Co., Ltd.
www.steeljs.net
JiangSu Shenyuan Special Steel will fea-
ture its specialty steels and alloys.
Jiangyin Xinlian Welding C37
Equipment Co., Ltd.
www.xinlianwelding.com
FABTECH
/ Perfect Welding / Solar Energy / Perfect Charging
Atlanta
Booth # C1954
Visit us at FABTECH
/ No matter what you weld or where you weld it, Fronius has the perfect solution.
www.fronius-usa.com www.facebook.com/fronius.usa

Jingyu Welding & Cutting Co., Ltd. C43
www.jingyuwelding.com
Jingyu Welding & Cutting will exhibit its
welding and cutting products, including
GTA, GMA, and plasma guns and torches
along with spare parts, electrode holders,
gouging torches, earth clamps, amphenol
plugs, and welding masks.
JK Lasers A3038
www.jklasers.com
JLC Electromet Pvt. LLC C2412
www.jlcelectromet.com
JLC Electromet will display its nickel and
nickel-based specialty alloys in wire, strip,
and ribbon forms; electrode core wires;
GMA and GTA welding alloys; and alloy
strips for welding applications.
John Tillman Co. C1622
www.jtillman.com
John Tillman will showcase its broad line,
including gloves, clothing, welding blan-
kets, curtains/screens, and accessories to
make your welding and work experience
safer and more productive.
Joysun Abrasives Co., Ltd. C2662
www.joysunabrasives.com
Joysun Abrasives will spotlight its flap discs,
flap wheels, Strip-it discs, sanding and filing
belts, along with Scotch Brite belts.
JP Nissen Co. C3103
www.nissenmarkers.com
JP Nissen will offer its product lines of ball
paint metal markers, feltip paint markers,
solid paint markers, low chloride markers,
and specialty paint markers for use in any
marking application.
Kalas Wire, Inc. C3023
kalaswire.com/industrial
Kalas Wire will present its welding cables
for the welding, and oil and gas markets.
Kawasaki Robotics (USA), Inc. C2066
www.kawasakirobotics.com
Kawasaki will exhibit its industrial robots
and robotic automation systems, including
an automated torch changing unit, automat-
ed weld damming, and robot transport unit.
FABTECH
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KDAR Co. A2954
www.hotmaxtorches.com
Kemper America, Inc. C1244
www.kemperamerica.com
Kemper America will offer a line of
mobile and central extraction units
for welding and metal cutting fume.
The company will be showing its stay-
in-place source extraction arm as well
as options for downdraft tables and
filter cells.
Kennametal Stellite C1044
www.stellite.com
The company will present its wear- and
corrosion-resistant products of Stellite
and Deloro alloys available as castings,
rods, powders, and wires plus equip-
ment for hardfacing applications. It will
also offer castings, wrought products,
P/M, and hardfaced components that
can be supplied to the finish machined
tolerances specified.
KimberlyClark Professional C1704
www.kcprofessional.com
Kimberly-Clark Professional will fea-
ture its services that help make work-
places safer, healthier, and more pro-
ductive. Key brands in this segment
include Kleenex, Scott, WypAll,
Kimtech, and Jackson Safety.
Kobelco Welding of C2208
America, Inc.
www.kobelcowelding.com
Koike Aronson, Inc. C2914
www.koike.com
Koike Aronson will be showing its
Koikejet waterjet cutting machine
with live demos, a complete welding
cell equipped with a head/tailstock
with manipulator on a travel car, the
new PNC-12 Extreme plasma cutting
table, and much more.
Kristeel Shinwa Industries, Ltd. A3049
www.kristeel.com
KUKA Robotics Corp. C2956
www.kukarobotics.com
Laboratory Testing, Inc. C1107
www.labtesting.com
Laboratory Testing will showcase its
services for fast and reliable materials
testing, nondestructive examination,
and metrology. The company special-
izes in metal and polymer testing, fail-
ure analysis, specimen machining,
welder and procedure qualification,
and calibration with certified reports.
LACO Industries/Markal C1602
www.markal.com
LA-CO Industries will show its hand-
held, industrial-grade marking prod-
ucts for the industrial, welding, and
metal fabrication markets.
LAPCO Manufacturing, Inc. C1050
http://lapco.com
LAPCO Manufacturing will spotlight
its products, including flame-resistant
and industrial workwear.
Laserline, Inc. C1035
www.laserlineinc.com
FABTECH
Genstar Technologies Company Inc. | 909.606.2726 | www.genstartech.com
Welding & Cutting Apparatus | Regulators
Welding & Cutting Automation | Gas Control Systems
Come visit us at:
FABTECH At|anta November 11 - 13 Booth. C3328
System Integration
Custom Product Congurations
Re|iab|e Engineering & Support
WELDING & CUTTING OUTFITS
EZARC SYSTEM
SPECIALTY GAS EQUIPMENT

Laserline will highlight its high-power,
fiber-coupled diode lasers, including the
LDF series for industrial applications and
LDM series for OEMs.
LaserStar Technologies Corp. C1966
www.laserstar.net
LaserStar Technologies, a supplier of laser
welding and laser marking machines, will
offer its Nd:YAG and fiber laser systems for
microwelding, marking, engraving, and cut-
ting applications.
Lianyungang Orientcraft C3410
Abrasives Co., Ltd.
www.orientcraftabrasives.com
Lianyungang Orientcraft Abrasives will
present its abrasive papers/cloths; cutting
and grinding wheels; flap, fiber, and velcro
discs; and sanding belts.
Lin An Da Yang Welding C1208
Material Co., Ltd.
www.hzdayang.com
Lin An Da Yang Welding Material will fea-
ture its welding consumables, including
electrodes, wires, and fluxes.
Lincoln Electric Co. C2022, C2044
www.lincolnelectric.com
Lincoln Electric will show welding and cutting
demonstrations, cost reduction ideas, appli-
cation questions, and the latest in fabrication
equipment, consumables, robotic automa-
tion, fixturing, software, and training.
Linemaster Switch Corp. C2506
www.linemaster.com
Linemaster Switch will display its range of
foot controls, including electric, pneumatic,
linear, hall effect, air powered, USB, and
wireless, that are suitable for a large array
of applications.
LONGEVITY Welding & C67
Cutting Products
www.longevityinc.com
LONGEVITY Welding will showcase its
GTA, GMA, and SMA welding machines
along with plasma cutting tools.
LucasMilhaupt Global C2666
Brazing Solutions
www.lucasmilhaupt.com
FABTECH
Lucas-Milhaupt will spotlight its metal
joining products and services, such as
alloys, fluxes, product design, training,
and technical assistance. The company
will also highlight its brazing materials
used in the electrical/electronic, appli-
ance, and transportation markets.
Luvata Ohio, Inc. C2503
www.luvata.com
Luvata Ohio will offer its copper weld-
ing consumables for resistance welding
(caps, tips, shanks, and adapters) and
GMAW (tips, diffusers, and nozzles)
applications.
Machitech Automation C1566
www.machitechautomation.com
Machitech Automation will present its
wide range of cutting systems using
plasma, oxyfuel, waterjet, and fiber
laser technologies.
MAGMAWELD C3644
www.magmaweld.com
MAGMAWELD will exhibit its welding
consumables, welding/cutting ma-
chines, and automation services.
Magnatech, LLC C3144
www.magnatechllc.com
Magnatech will display orbital
GTAW/FCAW tube/pipe welding
equipment. New models of orbital
equipment will be introduced. Also, the
Pipemaster System, which allows mul-
tipass pipe auto programming, will be
demonstrated.
MagneGas Corp. C3656
www.magnegas.com
Maryland Brush Co. C3514
www.marylandbrush.com
Maryland Brush will show its brush
products, including stringer bead, cup,
and stem-mounted end brushes with
both knot and crimped wire construc-
tion in carbon and stainless wire, plus
long- and shoe-handle scratch brushes.
Matheson C2413
www.mathesongas.com
Matheson will exhibit its industrial,
welding, and safety supplies along with
medical, specialty, and electronic gases,
gas handling equipment, high-perfor-
mance purification systems, engineer-
ing and gas management services, and
on-site gas generation.
Mathey Dearman C3250
www.mathey.com
Mathey Dearman will display its cut-
ting and beveling machines for all
types and diameters of pipe along with
pipe alignment and reforming clamps
for fast, accurate fitups.
Matsumoto U.S. C3634
Technologies, Inc.
www.matsumotous.com
Matsumoto U.S. Technologies will
showcase its welding equipment and
MRO parts, plus design and integra-
tion services for positioning, welding,
cutting, robotic, and automated
systems.
Matuschek Welding C1114
Products, Inc.
www.matuschekwelding.com
Matuschek Welding Products will spot-
light its resistance welding controllers,
instrumentation, and equipment for
the sheet metal and microwelding in-
dustries, including mid- and high-fre-
quency DC inverter power supplies,
precision weld heads, and handheld
process analyzers that provide quality
spot welds.
McDantim, Inc. C553
www.mcdantim.com
MCR Safety C3653
www.mcrsafety.com
MCR Safety will highlight its safety gear
marketed as MCR Safety, Memphis
Glove, Crews, River City, and US Safety.
Offerings will include gloves, glasses,
garments, and other safety gear de-
signed for safety, comfort, and style.
Medi Mall, Inc. C2453
www.medimassager.com
MegaStir Technologies C1261
www.megastir.com
Meltric Corp. C2039
www.meltric.com
FABTECH
CUT
ROUND
TUBE &
PIPING
OR FLAT PLATE
BOX
SECTIONS
WITH ONE FLEXIBLE
SOLUTION
HGGs Multi-Profile Cutting Machine
(MPC) can be configured to cut
a variety of profile shapes, including
pipes, angle bars, box sections, and
flat sheet metal strips. With HGG
ProCAM Software, manufacturing
automation capability multiplies.
See Us: Fabtech #B4061
Web: hgg-group.com
Call Or Email Us:
330-461-6855
jt@hgg-group.com
PROFILES
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Mercer Abrasives C2538
www.mercerabrasives.com
Mercer Abrasives will offer its abra-
sives, wire wheels, and files for the
welding industry. Products will include
zirconia high-density trimmable flap
discs, long-life grinding wheels, Type 1
and 27 Black Lightning thin cut-off
wheels, and 14-in. half round and
pipeliner files.
Meta Vision Systems, Inc. C2266
www.metamvs.com
Meta will offer its laser vision systems
for welding automation. A vision-
guided welding robot and laser sensor-
driven welding positioner will be on
display. A new weld bead detection
system for pipe coating control will be
launched, and a new ERW inspection
system that measures weld joint offset
as well as bead width and height will
also be introduced.
Metabo Corp. C3166
www.metabousa.com
Metabo, a manufacturer of profession-
al-grade portable electric power tools
and abrasives, will feature Brake series
angle grinders that can stop wheel ro-
tation in 2 s or less, W 17 series high-
torque, compact 6- and 7-in. grinders,
and the latest cordless grinding and
drilling tools.
Metal Man Work Gear Co. C3550
www.metalmangear.com
Metal Science Technologies C2534
Pty, Ltd.
www.metalscience.com.au
Metrode Products, Ltd. C2044
www.metrode.com
Metrode Products will offer its range
of alloyed welding consumables suit-
able for welding on low-alloy steels, al-
loy steels, and nickel-based alloys, in-
cluding products produced for the fol-
lowing arc welding processes: SMAW,
GTAW, GMAW, FCAW, and welding
with metal-cored wire, as well as wire
and flux combinations for SAW.
Michigan Pneumatic Tool, Inc. C3267
www.michiganpneumatic.com
Michigan Pneumatic Tool will present
its air tools and air tuggers for manu-
facturing, marine, petrochemical, and
construction industries.
Micro Air Products C3650
www.microaironline.com
Micro Air will exhibit its line of indus-
trial air cleaners, dust collectors, clean
air and environmental booths, down-
draft tables, and mist and wet collec-
tors that can boost productivity, in-
crease safety, and reduce maintenance
costs in your facility.
Midalloy C1316
www.midalloy.com
Miller Electric Mfg. Co. C2744, C2944
www.millerwelds.com
Miller will showcase industry-specific
systems and technologies with areas
dedicated to oil and gas, aluminum
FABTECH
Arcos, The Standard of Excellence in
Covered Electrodes and Bare Wire,
offers two outstanding welding
products designed to withstand
critical temperature extremes.
Arcos 625 and Arcos 1N12 (625) are
nickel-chromium-molybdenum products
which are designed to be virtually immune to chloride-
ion stress-cracking. They feature moderate strength,
good fabricability and excellent oxidation resistance.
Each is military-approved and provides superior
corrosion resistance, over a range of temperatures
from cryogenic to extremely elevated (up to 1,800F).
Arcos 625 is ideal for welding alloys 625, 601, 802
and 9% nickel. This wire is well suited for welding
piping systems and reactor components in the power
generation industry and for high temperature service
in a wide variety of other engineering applications.
Arcos 1N12 (625) is utilized for welding alloys such
as 625, 800, 801, 825 and 600.
This covered electrode is the smart
choice for applications including
petrochemical plants, reactor
components, furnace equipment,
heat exchangers and offshore
marine environments.
To learn about the many advantages of specifying Arcos
625 and Arcos 1N12, call us today at 800-233-8460
or visit our website at www.arcos.us.
Arcos Industries, LLC
39- Arcos lrivc - \t C+rmcl, lA 17S1
lnonc (70) 339-200 - l+x (70) 339-20o
welding, shipbuilding, and heavy-
equipment manufacturing. Systems
from ITW Welding companies Hobart,
Bernard, and Tregaskiss will be
demonstrated with Miller equipment
to showcase optimized total systems.
MK Products, Inc. C1616
www.mkproducts.com
MK Products will present the new Co-
braTurn digital turntable made for
durability and performance with all
welding processes. Used on small-to-
large weld assemblies, this product ro-
tates welding jobs and is useful for all
applications up to the rated load ca-
pacities. Cobramatic aluminum weld-
ing systems and orbital tube welding
systems will also be featured.
Motofil Robotics SA C3116
www.grupomotofil.com
M/s Cu Built A2950
Engineers Pvt. Ltd.
www.cubuilt.com
MTAUSA LLC C1057
www.mtausa.com
MTI Power Services C3208
www.mtipowerservices.com
MultiContact USA C3416
www.multicontactusa.com
Multi-Contact will exhibit its connec-
tor systems designed for the specific
requirements of automated produc-
tion facilities. Applications include
manually or automatically actuated
multicouplings for docking systems,
automated assembly lines, tool change
systems for machining and molding
equipment, and power supplies for
manual and robotic spot welding
equipment.
Murrplastik Systems, Inc. C3257
www.murrplastik.com
National Bronze & C2033
Metals, Inc.
www.nbmmetals.com
FABTECH
WORK
SMART
Model 200 Positioner

Model 1200 Pipemate

RT RT R A M S
K R O W

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K

RT RT A M S

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Surface Finishing Solutions
1-800-700-5919 www.csunitec.com
Rolei
BE5
Sheet metal deburring machine
Fast, safe 2-sided deburring achieved in one operation
PTX Eco Smart
Shadow-free grain finish
up to a mirror polish
Linear grinder cleans weld oxidation,
removes scratches and more
PIPE-MAX
Sander/Grinder/
Polisher
Renders weld
seams invisible on
flat surfaces
and pipe
up to
14" dia.
Grind, Polish and Deburr
Stainless Steel and Other Metals
Portable Beveling
Fast Weld Prep
Metalworking Solutions
Grind In Corners!
15 to 60 angles on plate or pipes
Up to 5/8" bevel width
Radius bevels
Hand-held and table-top units
SKF 25
EKF 450.3
Deburr
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National Bronze & Metals will show its
line of continuous cast bronze, brass,
and copper alloys, including centrifu-
gal casting, wrought copper alloys;
bars, sheets, and plates; bronze wear
plates; and finished machined parts.
National Ornamental & Misc A2951
Metals Assoc.
www.nomma.org
National Standard C1634
www.nationalstandard.com
Nelson Stud Welding, Inc. C1204
www.nelsonstudwelding.com
Nelson Stud Welding will demonstrate
its new capacitor-discharge equipment,
as well as its inverter drawn arc equip-
ment systems. Both lines represent
lightweight and compact designs for
portability. Process monitoring will also
be displayed.
NetBraze, LLC C2451
www.netbraze.com
New Fire Co., Ltd. C2139
www.newfire.biz
New Fire will showcase its industrial
thermal insulation, and welding and
cutting protection products.
Newland (Tianjin) Welding C51
Wire and Metal Products Co., Ltd.
www.groco.cn
Ningbo Powerway Alloy C97
Material Co., Ltd.
www.pwalloy.com
Norton Abrasives C1606
www.nortonindustrial.com
Norton Abrasives will feature new rap-
id-prep, surface-conditioning discs, ce-
ramic blaze-coated abrasives, and Nor-
Zon Plus depressed center/cut-off
products for steels, chrome, cast iron,
and tough alloys.
NSRW C1022
www.nsrw.com
NSRW will present its copper alloys and
refractory metals, including beryllium
copper, chrome copper, zirconium cop-
per, C11000, and C10100. The company
will also show its standard welding com-
ponents and design-and-build custom
parts.
Nutec Bickley C3659
www.nutecbickley.com
Nutec Bickley will feature its heat treat-
ing/stress relieving industrial furnaces
for the metal fabrication industry.
Olympus C3622
www.olympusims.com
Optrel AG C3562
www.optrel.com
Optrel will showcase its autodarkening
filter technology for welding helmets.
OR Lasertechnology, Inc. C2260
www.orlaser.com
FABTECH
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The Emmet A. Craig
RESISTANCE WELDING SCHOOL
November 12-13, 2014
Georgia World Congress Center
Atlanta, GA
To register go to www.fabtechexpo.com
Space is limited.
This program
sold out
in 2013

This program
ace is limite p S

This program
. d ace is limite

orld Congress Center W Georgia

orld Congress Center

orld Congress Center

sold out

in 2013
sold out

o register go to TTo
Atlanta, GA

.fabtechex ww. ww o register go to
Atlanta, GA

.fabtechexpo.com

OR Lasertechnology will show its laser
systems. Information will be available
on its systems sales, wire sales, repair
service, laser welding training, and job
shop services.
Orbitalum C2632
www.ehwachs.com
ORS Nasco C1666
www.orsnasco.com
OTC DAIHEN, Inc. C2722
www.daihenusa.com
OTC Daihen will feature its welding,
cutting, and positioning equipment;
torches; robots; standard and custom
arc welding cells; and accessories.
Oxylance, Inc. C1028
www.oxylance.com
Pador Marketing Group C3343
www.pador.com
Pador Marketing Group, which repre-
sents the Pipe Fabrication Institute,
will exhibit the Rotoweld welding
workstation, the Beaver S pipe bevel-
ing machine, team positioners, and
grippers.
Pandjiris, Inc. C2023
www.pandjiris.com
Pandjiris will show its standard posi-
tioning equipment, including position-
ers, turning rolls, manipulators, slides
and swivels, seamers, sidebeams and
carriages, headstocks and tailstocks,
turntables, and 3 Oclock welding ma-
chines. The company will also offer its
turnkey systems.
Parker Domnick Hunter C2467
www.parker.com/faf
Parker Domnick Hunter will present
its process water chillers and com-
pressed air treatment products, in-
cluding desiccant and refrigerated air
dryers along with high-efficiency fil-
tration, welding actuators, and con-
trols, plus air and water supply units
for resistance welding.
PDS Bartech, Inc. C3506
www.pdsbartech.com
PDS Bartech will display portable heat
treating machines, gas and electrical
furnaces, and supplies.
Pearl Abrasive Co. C3167
www.pearlabrasive.com
Pearl Abrasive will showcase its coated
and bonded abrasives, diamond su-
perabrasives, and equipment.
Pemamek Oy, Ltd. C1734
www.pemamek.com
Pemamek will feature its production
and welding automation equipment.
Permadur Industries, Inc. C2457
www.permadur.com
Permadur Industries will exhibit its
magnetic and vacuum plate handling
systems, along with individual perma-
nent lifting magnets and load
positioners.
FABTECH
SERIOUS AIR for SERIOUS PLACES
sales@schaelerlan.com 1.800.77.327 www.schaelerlan.com
8", 12" & 20" Models
Forfable
877-10,000 CFM
110/220v
Fneumaflc
The ideal solution for
employee comfort
and productivity!
Evaporative Cooling
Reduce air temperature by
as much as 30 degrees!
See Us At Fabtech
Booth C1760
For info go to www.aws.org/adindex For info go to www.aws.org/adindex
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FABTECH
Pferd, Inc. C1744
www.pferdusa.com
Pferd, the U.S. subsidiary of August
Rggeberg & Co., will showcase its
hand finishing, grinding, cutting, and
specialty application products.
Phoenix International, Inc. C3123
www.phxinternational.com
Phoenix International will feature its
new Type 4 flux-cored wire oven, ideal
for flux-cored wire and general -pur-
pose storage. The Type 4 holds four
12-in. or three 16-in. spools for mois-
ture-free storage.
Pillar Induction C3222
www.pillar.com
Pillar Induction will present its induc-
tion, brazing, heating, and coreless
melting systems for a variety of metal
and material thermal processing.
Plansee USA, LLC C3631
www.planseeusa.com
Plasma Automation, Inc. C1234
www.plasmaautomation.com
Plasma Automation will feature its
new Fabricator SS CNC high-density
plasma cutting system. The company
offers precision/clean edge cut quality
on mild steel up to 1 in., and up to 2
in. with the addition of oxyfuel. Also
featured will be Fabricator heavy duty,
Elite/Monarch precision plasma cut-
ting, Visoft software, and custom roll-
form equipment.
PowerWeld C3362
www.powerweldinc.com
Praxair, Inc. C3134
www.praxairdirect.com
Precitec, Inc. C3261
www.precitec.us
PrestonEastin, Inc. C2166
www.prestoneastin.com
Pro Spot International, Inc. C3618
www.prospot.com
PROFAX/LENCO C2532
www.profaxlenco.com
Profax and Lenco will display its man-
ual welding accessories, GMAW guns
and consumables, GTAW torches and
consumables, arc-gouging torches and
carbons, and all types of welding ma-
chine repair parts, including a straight
line track cutting machine, hand oper-
ated pipe beveler, ceramic backing
tape, water soluble purge paper, and a
line of positioners, turning rolls, and
manipulator.
PTMat C1116
www.ptamaterial.com
PT-MAT will present its line of hard-
facing equipment and consumables,
including manual and automated plas-
www.tokinarc.com

Robotic Contact Tip Specialist
visit our web site

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ading@tokinarc.co.jp
of
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P.O. BOX 42037 CLEVELAND, OH 44142
POSTLE
I N D U S T R I E S, I N C.
POSTALLOY
Pi Pi
POSTALLOY
Give us a call today ... 800.321.2978.
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UNVEILING THE LATEST IN
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See whats new
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Visit Us at Fabtech
Booth C2632
ehwachs.com orbitalum.com
11.11.14

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Ironworkers
SAFETY, QUALITY, PRODUCTIVITY
www.ironworkers.org | www.impact-net.org
These are numbers you cant ignore:
Over 3,000 Contractors, over 100,000
Ironworkers and billions of dollars
in contracts for the worlds most
recognizable projects. There are literally
thousands of reasons to put your
trust in Ironworkers.
3,000
CONTRACTORS
100,000
IRONWORKERS
FABTECH
ma transferred arc (PTA) equipment
used for weld cladding of components
subject to wear and corrosion. The
company will also feature its line of
consumables, including cored wires
and powder for PTA, laser cladding,
and thermal spray.
Pyro Shield, Inc. C3507
www.pyroshield.com
Pyro Shield will exhibit its manufac-
turing heat treating pads, welding
blankets, high-temperature insulation
products, furnace liners, furnace mod-
ules, high-temperature gaskets, seals,
tadpoles, silica, silicone-coated and
fiberglass fabrics, heat shields, and die
cutting tools.
Qingdao New Alpha C3113
Enterprises Co., Ltd.
www.bestonegroup.com
Quality Equipment A3050
Distributors, Inc.
www.qeddirect.com
Quality Equipment Distributers will
feature its NDT equipment and
supplies.
Radyne Corp. C3361
www.radyne.com
Radyne will provide a hands-on
demonstration of the VersaPower-
Xtreme induction power supply with
Digital IQ intelligent controls, which
was designed for brazing, soldering, or
heating. The company will also show-
case energy and cost-efficient induc-
tion heating technologies for silver,
copper, and fluxless brazing and heat
treating products, including benchtop
units and automated turnkey systems.
Rasco FR C3667
www.rascofrc.com
Rasco, a work-wear manufacturer, will
feature its newest available products,
including its garments certified to
NFPA 2112 and ASTM F1506.
Ratermann Mfg., Inc. C3458
www.rmiorder.com
Realityworks C2541
www.realityworks.com
Reis Robotics USA, Inc. C1765
www.reisroboticsusa.com
Reis Robotics, an automation technol-
ogy company, will showcase its capa-
bilities for turnkey solutions in all ma-
jor application fields.
Resistance Welding Machine A3054
& Accessory
www.resweld.com
Resistance Welding C3
Manufacturing Alliance (RWMA)
www.aws.org/rwma
RWMA is a standing committee of the
American Welding Society. It is an al-
liance of companies and individuals who
all have a common interest and focus
the resistance welding process. Since
Weld Test Stand
The Weld Test Stand
allows for quick,
secure clamping and
positioning of pipe
or plate test
assemblies.
NOW AVAILABLE FACTORY DIRECT FROM
HBD/Thermoid, Inc.
NOW AVAILABLE BY QUICK SHIP (2 Weeks
or less with Standard Packaging)
NOW AVAILABLE WITH PRE-PAID FREIGHT
TERMS FOR VOLUME ORDERS
NOW AVAILABLE WITH PRIVATE LABELING,
CUSTOM ASSEMBLY & PACKAGING
Tuline Welding Hoses Are
Thermoid Flex Strength Welding Hoses are
light-weight and flexible. Our welding hose
products can now be ordered factorydirect
from stock in a wide range of sizes, including
our popular Grades, R and T, in Single Line
and Tuline Styles. All are available with or
without corrugated covers. All Thermoid Welding Hoses are built with a
multi-spiral construction for maximum kink resistance. Each is Air Mandrel
Cured which eliminates clogged nozzles, assures a non-contaminated tube
and promotes an even flow of gas to the nozzles.
For ordering details, contact HBD/Thermoid Sales/Customer Service at
800/543-8070 800/423-4354-Fax E-mail: info@hbdthermoid.com
www.hbdthermoid.com Member
FABTECH
1935, RWMA has been the authorita-
tive source of information and experi-
ence for the resistance welding industry.
Its mission is to advance resistance
welding technology, broaden its use,
and promote its economic benefits.
RWMA is driven by active subcommit-
tees that develop programs and initia-
tives to promote and advance the resist-
ance welding process, and to foster edu-
cation in this field.
RWMA offers an intensive two-day
course about the basics of resistance
welding once a year through the Em-
met A. Craig Resistance Welding
School. The school is designed to give
operators, production supervisors, en-
gineers, and others the opportunity to
study, better understand, and further
their knowledge in the theory, applica-
tions, and equipment used in resist-
ance welding.
Resistance Welding Products C3662
www.rwpweld.com
Revco Industries, Inc. C3350
www.blackstallion.com
Revco Industries will feature its Black
Stallion and BSX product lines of weld-
ing and safety gloves, protective FR
and leather apparel, and high-temper-
ature products, fire blankets, welding
screens, and accessories.
REXARC International C3218
www.rexarc.com
Rexarc, a producer of high-quality
acetylene plants, will spotlight its
compressed gas distribution systems,
custom manifolds, and industrial, me-
dicinal, and specialty gas equipment.
RexCut Abrasives C3244
www.rexcut.com
Rex-Cut Abrasives will display its high-
performance, nonwoven cotton fiber
and other premium abrasive products.
RF System Lab C3217
www.rfsystemlab.us
RF System Lab, a producer of video
borescopes, will showcase its VJ-Ad-
vance in 2.8, 3.9, and 6.9-mm insertion
tube diameters. The company will offer
a demo program to allow testing of the
VJ-Advance.
Robotiq C2230
www.robotiq.com
Robotiq will feature its line of robotic
tooling, designed to maximize return
on investment in high-mix automated
manufacturing.
Robots At Work C3415
www.robotsatwork.com
Robots At Work will offer its robotic
automation, welding, and material
handling services.
RoboVent C1312, C1644
www.robovent.com
RoboVent will exhibit its line of clean
air products, designed to improve
manufacturing performance.
FABTECH
RofinSinar, Inc. C3612
www.rofin.com
Rolled Alloys C3316
www.rolledalloys.com
Rolled Alloys will present its extensive
inventories of plate, sheet, bar, pipe,
fittings, and welding materials main-
tained in nickel alloys, duplex stainless
steels, stainless steels, titanium and
cobalt alloys.
RoMan Mfg., Inc. C2516, C2616
www.romanmfg.com
Romar/Red Rock, LLC C3140
www.redrockusa.com
Romar/Red Rock will exhibit its line of
turning rolls, positioners, manipula-
tors, and controls.
rose plastic USA C3466
www.roseplastic.us
rose plastic will offer its line of plastic-
protective packaging systems. The
products are useful for the metalform-
ing, fabricating, and welding markets.
Ruko Tool, Inc. C1113
www.rukotool.com
S & H Industries, Inc. C3438
www.shindustries.com
Saar Hartmetall USA, LLC C1158
www.shmusa.com
SafTCart, Inc. C3152
www.saftcart.com
Saf-T-Cart will present its welding lo-
gistics products including cylinder
carts, cages, pallets, cylinder banks,
pallet beds, and trailers.
Sakura of America C93
www.sakuraofamerica.com/industrial
Sakura will exhibit its markers and
writing instruments that range from
broad to ultrafine marking for remov-
able or permanent applications. Its
solid-paint markers mark on almost
any surface indoors and outdoors.
Low-chloride/low-halogen and glow-
in-the-dark versions will also be
available.
Sandvik Materials Technology C1213
www.smt.sandvik.com
Sanrex Corp C3358
www.sansha.co.jp
Sanrex will feature its line of semicon-
ductor devices and power supply
equipment for welding, metal finish-
ing, plating, and electrical regulators.
ScanMaster Systems (IRT), Inc. C3655
www.scanmasterirt.com
Schaefer Ventilation C1760
www.schaeferfan.com
Schaefer Ventilation will offer its ven-
tilation and thermal comfort solutions
for circulating, exhausting, evapora-
tive cooling, or infrared heating needs.
FABTECH
Sellstrom Manufacturing Co. C2130
www.sellstrom.com
Sellstrom will display a range of safety
products, including goggles, protective
glasses, welding helmets and auto-
darkening welding filters, faceshields,
emergency shower/eyewash, fall arrest
equipment, and more. The company
will feature its new Impulse
MAGSENSE autodarkening filter,
DP4 plasma faceshield, and 17 Spat-
terGuard high-temp fabrics.
Servo Motors & Drives, Inc. C2537
www.servomd.com
ServoRobot, Inc. C1222
www.servorobot.com
Servo-Robot will introduce the follow-
ing new products: i-CUBE universal ro-
bot sensor, POWER-TRAC/Z 3D twin
laser-vision system for multipass weld-
ing automation, AUTO-TRAC/PWP
seam tracking for special dedicated
welding machines and Wiki-SCAN
handheld weld-inspection system.
Shandong Huaye Tungsten C39
& Molybdenum Co., Ltd.
www.huayewumu.com
Shandong Juli Welding C3212
Co., Ltd.
www.sdjlhc.com
Shandong Juli Welding will offer an
array of welding materials, including
welding electrodes and wire.
Shanghai Gonglue C49
Machinery & Elect Tech Co., Ltd.
www.xunweld.com
Shanghai Gonglue will feature a range
of agglomerated flux, wire, and strip
products, including mild steel and low-
alloy steel flux and wire, and stainless
steel and nickel-alloy wire.
Shenzhen Canroon Electrical C2535
Appliances Co., Ltd.
www.canroon.com
Shenzhen JiTaiXin A2948
Electronics Co., Ltd.
www.szjtxdz.com
Shenzhen JiTaiXin Electronics will ex-
hibit its medium-sized, high-frequen-
cy transformers.
Signature Plates, Inc. C3255
www.signatureplates.com
Signature Plates will showcase its cus-
tom metal nameplates made with
more than 130 different types of sheet
metal to fabricate hundreds of shapes,
in a variety of imprinting methods, in-
cluding chemical etching, screen print-
ing, embossing, sublimation, and laser
and mechanical engraving.
Smartware Group,Inc. C1134
www.bigfootcmms.com
Smartware Group will feature Bigfoot
CMMS, a maintenance management
software for a variety of industries, in-
cluding manufacturing and hospitality.
Breakthrough Charger
design provides
portable 3/8" stud
welder...from a 120V
wall outlet!
Te Arc Charger is the frst of its class in stud welding
power sources - developed around Nelsons patent
pending Arc Charger platform. It has the capacity to
weld the full range of drawn arc studs - up to 3/8" pitch
(M8) diameter, with a high speed switching welding arc,
while requiring power from just a standard household
120V wall outlet!
Tis breakthrough combination enables high-strength
drawn arc stud welding in just
about any location, without
the need for high-voltage,
industrial 3-phase power,
or a larger generator!
Call 1 (800) NEL-WELD,
and Follow us on Twitter @NelsonStudWeld.
N550c
N550c

N550c

Call 1 (800) NEL-WELD
and Follow us o Tw n Twitter @N

1 (800) NEL-WELD,
er @NelsonSt We udWeld.
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Check out these AWS programs at the show.
So Youre the New Welding Engineer Tues. (Nov. 11) & Wed. (Nov. 12)
How to get up to speed quickly. How to ask the right questions. How to get the results needed, save money, and
stay out of trouble! Two-day program for managers, engineers, designers, and others with welding
responsibility but limited exposure/background in welding.
Thermal Spray Technology: High Performance Surfaces Wed. (Nov. 12)
The International Thermal Spray Association, a standing committee of AWS, has organized this coatings conference
to introduce and highlight various advantages of the thermal spray process. This conference will benefit both
potential users and those actively involved with thermal spray coatings, as it will focus on actual applications and
new developments in thermal spray technology.
Resistance Welding School Wed. (Nov. 12) & Thurs. (Nov. 13)
The Resistance Welding Manufacturing Alliance, a standing committee of AWS, offers a two-day program conducted
by industry specialists with extensive resistance welding experience. The basics of resistance welding and real-
life application of the process are covered. Each participant may learn at their own pace, and discuss specific
welding concerns with the instructors. You are invited to bring your own samples for discussion.
Additive Manufacturing Conference Thurs. (Nov. 13)
Additive manufacturing represents the realization of the ideal of on-demand manufacturing. Without molds or dies,
additive manufacturing enables production of parts and prototypes on demand. Design improvements can be made
and tested rapidly without tooling and machining constraints. Come and learn from the experts about additive
manufacturing processes such as powder bed fusion, material extrusion, directed energy deposition, material
jetting, and more.
plus dozens of other educational sessions .
Atlanta Nov. 1113
Explore all the educational opportunities and register at www.fabtechexpo.com
Earn PDHs toward your AWS recertification or renewal when you attend these programs!
FABTECH
SMC Corp of America C3566
www.smcusa.com
SMC will feature new products de-
signed for welding, fabricating, and
general automation.
Southern Copper & Supply C1160
www.southerncopper.com
Southern Stud Weld, Inc. A2955
www.studweld.com
Southern Stud Weld will showcase its
new BMS-9 stud welder and PS-9 stud
welding gun.
Southern Welding C2435
Systems Intl
www.swsintl.com
Special Metals Welding C2522
Products Co.
www.pccenergygroup.com
Special Metals Welding Products will
highlight its nickel-based welding con-
sumables for joining nickel alloys,
high-performance steels, cast irons,
and dissimilar metals, as well as over-
laying on steel for corrosion or erosion
protection. Product trademarks in-
clude Inconel, Inco-Weld, Ni-Rod,
and Incoloy.
Standard Resistance C1058
Welder Co.
www.srwelder.com
Stubli Corp. C3162
www.staubli.com
Stubli will premier its quick-connect
systems for all types of fluids, gases,
and electrical power.
Steelmax Tools C1716
www.steelmax.com
Steelmax Tools will offer a range of
metalworking tools for the fabricator,
welder, and MRO. There will be many
new introductions with live demon-
strations. On display will be a full
range of portable magnetic drills, an-
nular cutting tools, metal cutting
saws, blades, lifting magnets, beveling
machines, and welding automation.
Steiner Industries C2150
www.steinerindustries.com
Steiner Industries will exhibit its line
of protective clothing, gloves, and
welding supplies designed to promote
safety and increase productivity in the
workplace.
Strong Hand Tools C1132
www.stronghandtools.com
Strong Hand Tools will introduce its
high-precision, German-made Sieg-
mund welding tables for heavy-duty
fixturing. On demonstration will be
the BuildPro MAX modular welding
table along with the companys Frame-
Builder welding table kits for efficient
2D and 3D framing.
Stud Welding Associates, Inc. C87
www.StudWelding.com
Visit kcprofessional.com/extramile for full details.
Purchase $1000 worth of any Kimberly-Clark Professional* workplace solutions
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FABTECH
Suhner Industrial C1366
Products, Inc.
www.suhnerabrasiveexpert.com
Suhner will display its series of electri-
cal, pneumatic, and flexible shaft-abra-
sive power tools used for grinding, fin-
ishing, and polishing various metals
with a specific focus on stainless steel
and aluminum. The company will also
offer a full line of abrasive products.
Sumner Manufacturing C3145
Co., Inc.
www.sumner.com
Sumner will feature several new weld-
ing setup tools, including high-quality
material lifts, jack stands, pipe fitup
clamps, welding tools, and material
carts.
Sunstone Engineering C99
www.Sunstoneengineering.com
Sunstone Engineering will exhibit mi-
crowelding solutions and an offering
consisting of capacitive discharge, AC,
pulse-arc, micro GTA, and laser weld-
ing products. To help determine the
best solution for its customers, the
company offers a free sample evalua-
tion as well as consulting for custom
spot welding applications.
Superior Abrasives, Inc. C2439
www.superiorabrasives.com
Superior Abrasives will showcase in-
dustrial grade coated and nonwoven
abrasive products such as quick-
change discs, belts, specialties, and en-
gineered products.
Superior Products C3502
www.superiorprod.com
Superior Products will introduce the
new versions of its Mighty-Max auto-
matic changeover manifold along with
two new versions for laser assist gases,
and a new line of cryogenic hoses,
pressure relief valves, and cryogenic
connections.
Superon Schweisstechnik C3551
India, Ltd.
www.superonindia.com
Swagelok Marketing C1122
Services Co.
www.swagelok.com
Taylor Winfield C3529
Technologies, Inc.
www.taylorwinfield.com
Taylor-Winfield Technologies, a leader
in the design and manufacture of ma-
terial joining equipment and systems,
will focus on its capabilities in auto-
mated assembly systems, induction
heating generators, resistance welding
machines, robotic workcells, arc weld-
ing machines, material forming and
joining equipment, and welding
accessories.
Team Industries, Inc. C3345
www.weldpositioner.com
Team Industries will feature Genera-
tion IV weld positioner, which offers

Coating Thickness

Material Analysis

Microhardness

Material Testing
Outstanding features
Fast, non-destructive measurement
of ferrite content on-site or in the
lab
Ferrite measurable either in Ferrite-
percentage %Fe or Ferritenumber
FN
Measurement range 0.1 to 80% Fe
or 0.1 to 110 FN
Evaluation capabilities to the
platform FISCHER Data Center
Software
User-friendly operation menu
www.fischer-technology.com
Handheld instrument for the measurement of the ferrite content
in Austenitic and Duplex Steel
Ferrite Content with the FERITSCOPE
FMP30
fast, precise and non-destructive
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variable height adjustment with a
self-leveling option to provide quick
height adjustments while maintaining
selected angle on gripper face.
TEC Torch Co., Inc. C1750
www.tectorch.com
Techalloy C2044
www.techalloy.com
Techalloy will promote its nickel al-
loy and stainless steel welding con-
sumables for automotive exhaust sys-
tems, high-temperature and anticorro-
sive chemical and pharmaceutical in-
dustry applications, oil and gas indus-
try fabrication, maintenance and re-
pair, power generation and nuclear ap-
plications, and for corrosive environ-
ments in the paper, pulp, and marine
industries.
Techflex, Inc. C1756
www.techflex.com
Techniweld C1766
www.techniweldusa.com
Techniweld will highlight its service as
a wholesale supplier of high-quality
welding products for welding and
industrial distributors throughout the
Western Hemisphere. The company
carries both name brand domestic
welding lines and a complete line of
Techniweld branded welding alloys,
welding accessories, gas apparatus,
safety equipment, chemicals, roll
goods, welding cable, gas hose, and
many other items for the welding
industry.
TECMEN Electronics Co., Ltd. C3338
www.tecmen.cn
TECMEN will feature its
autodarkening welding helmet,
welding masks, powered air-purifying
respirator, and welding accessories.
The companys products meet CE,
GS, DIN, CSA, ANSI, and AS/NZS
approvals.
Tennessee Rand, Inc. C2022
www.tennrand.com
Tennessee Rand will feature its
capabilities as a full service automation
integrator with core competencies in
advanced welding system design, high-
quality weld fixtures, robotic
integration, process automation, and
on-going service and support.
Terralux C3363
www.terraluxportable.com
The ROUECHE Co., LLC C1065
www.trcwelding.com
Thermacut, Inc. C1344
www.thermacut.com
Thermacut will showcase its
replacement consumables,
accessories, and torch heads for
plasma cutting, gas tungsten arc, gas
metal arc, and plasma welding, and
replacement cutting consumables for
laser and oxyfuel processes.
Thermco Instrument Corp. C3623
www.thermco.com
FABTECH
3M C1522
www.3m.com/ppesafety
Tianjin Jinlong Welding C33
Material Co., Ltd.
www.jinlongweldcom
Tianjin Xinsen Welding C47
Materials Co., Ltd.
www.xinsenwelding.com
Tip Tig USA, LLC C3640
www.tiptigusa.com
TIP TIG will highlight its manual and
automated GTAW process capable of
consistently producing code-quality
welds without rework.
Titus Flux, Inc./ C2140
American Welding & Flux
www.titusflux.com
Titus Flux will promote its submerged
arc welding flux and reclamation
system.
T. J. Snow Co. C1150
www.tjsnow.com
T. J. Snow will showcase its expertise
in designing and building new and
used/remanufactured resistance spot,
projection, seam, and flash/butt
welding machines, as well as related
consumable copper components, weld
checkers, and force gauges.
Torchmate C2022
www.torchmate.com
Torchmate will offer its CNC gantry
table-based plasma cutting systems,
including the Torchmate X table and
expandable Growth Series CNC
prototyping system. Fabricators can
customize most systems to
incorporate a router, waterjet,
engraver, glue gun or other tools.
Tregaskiss C2944
www.tregaskiss.com
Tregaskiss will featur its line of
robotic gas metal arc welding guns,
peripherals, and consumables,
including its TOUGH GUN robotic
GMAW guns and peripherals, TOUGH
LOCK consumables, QUICK LOAD
liners, and the QUICK LOAD liner
AutoLength system.
Trendex Information C2110
Systems, Inc.
www.trendexsys.com
Trendex will showcase its new
Gastrend, an accounting and cylinder
control software designed for the
welding supply distributor.
Demonstrations will show how to
control accounts receivable, accounts
payable, general ledger and inventory,
enter counter sales invoices and orders
using bar codes, and track cylinders.
Routrend, a mobile invoicing system,
can be used to generate invoices in the
delivery truck.
Tri Tool, Inc. C1304
www.tritool.com
Tri Tool will highlight its 40 years as a
leading manufacturer and field service
provider of portable pipe machining
and welding equipment including OD
and ID mounted cutting and beveling
machines, and the AdaptArc multi-
process orbital welding system.
Demonstrations of machining and
welding equipment will be conducted.
Equipment and services are used
heavily in power generation, high-
purity applications, pipeline, and oil
and gas industries.
Triple Crown Products C2108
www.crownquality.com
Triple Crown Products will premier its
safety gear, apparel, cap, uniform, and
specialty products that can be
personalize with company names by
silk screening, embroidered emblems,
or direct embroidery.
TRUFIT Products TRUWeld C1360
www.truweldstudwelding.com
Trystar C3544
www.trystar.com
Tuffaloy Products, Inc. C3662
www.tuffaloy.com

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Tulsa Welding School C2556
www.weldingschool.com
TWI North American, LLC C3413
www.twiglobal.com
TWI is a world leading research and
technology organization for welding,
joining, and structural integrity. TWI
develops and sells software products
to support customers in welding,
engineering, and training.
UMark, Inc. C2161
www.umarkers.com
U-Mark will feature its broad variety
of innovative markers for industrial
and professional use, including paint
markers, ink markers, and specialty
markers. On display will be the new
M-15 broad tip permanent marker;
the new Metalhead, a refillable paint
marker designed to mark on metals;
and the AP-1, a valve action,
permanent ink marker that marks on
anything and is environmentally
friendly.
United Abrasives, Inc. /SAIT C1217
www.unitedabrasives.com
United Abrasives will showcase its
full line of bonded abrasives: grinding
wheels, cutting wheels, cup wheels,
cones, plugs, and a host of similar
bonded products. Also featured will be
a wide variety of sanding sheets,
belts, rolls, flap discs, fiber and PSA
discs, as well as wire brushes,
nonwoven abrasives, tungsten carbide
burs, diamond wheels, and a full line
of accessories.
United States Welding Corp. C3440
www.usweldingcorp.com
United States Welding stocks over
150 different welding alloys used
worldwide for the aerospace, defense,
and energy industries. The company
also produces vacuum melted heats
for R&D or specific critical joining
applications.
University of Ultrasonics C3352
www.universityofultrasonics.com
Uniweld Products, Inc. C2504
www.uniweld.com
Uniweld will highlight its full range of
oxyfuel flame tools and accessories
for the professional welder and metal
fabricator in construction, bridge
building, ship building, railroading,
mining, and farm applications. New
product demos will be conducted.
Valley Craf Industries, Inc. C1663
www.valleycraft.com
VDM Metals USA, LLC C2510
www.vdmmetalsusa.com
VDM USA will premier its corrosion-
and heat-resistant materials from
nickel, titanium, and zirconium alloys,
including nickel alloys 200, 400, 600,
800, 625, 622, C-276, as well as
proprietary alloys 31, 33, 59, 602CA,
and the new 2120 and 31 plus alloys.
Titanium and zirconium alloys will also
be offered. Product forms include plate,
bar, sheet, strip, wire, and billet.
Visit us at FABTECH
Booth C3123
Atlanta, GA
www.dryrod.com
DryRod Portable and
Bench Rod Ovens
DryRod Flux and
Rebaking Ovens
Safetube Industrial
Storage Containers
dryWIRE Flux Cored
Wire Ovens
MOTOR GUARD CORPORATION
(800) 227-2822
www.motorguardplasma.com
Brought to you by
Removes
contaminants from
compressed air
Eliminates
arc-sputter
Prolongs life
of electrodes
Cleaner, faster,
smoother cuts
Ask your
supplier for a
Motor Guard Filter
FABTECH
VERNON Tool C2022
www.vernontool.com
VERNON Tool will feature its pipe
cutting machines, steel tube cutting
machines, pipe beveling machines,
pipe profilers, and pipe fabrication
machinery, as well as its Greenwood
brand shut-off valves used in the oil
and gas industries. The company will
also offer its expertise in difficult pipe
fabrication and process flow issues in
industrial construction.
Veroine, LLC C3613
Victor Technologies C2454
www.victortechnologies.com
Victor Technologies will showcase its
cutting, welding, and gas control
equipment under brand names that
include Victor, Victor Thermal
Dynamics, Victor Arcair, Victor
TurboTorch, Tweco, Thermal Arc,
Stoody, and Firepower.
Victory Plasma Systems C3314
www.victoryplasma.com
Victor Plasma will present its
capabilities in fabricating, delivering
and installing complete turnkey CNC
plasma cutting systems. The company
also offers custom cutting solutions
and retrofits.
Vitronic Machine Vision C2560
www.vitronic.com
VITRONIC will spotlight its expertise
in machine vision products including
the optical 3D inspection system
VIROwsi that reliably inspects brazing
and weld joints for quality criteria.
voestalpine Bohler Welding C2754
USA, Inc.
VSM Abrasives C1164
www.vsmabrasives.com
VSM Abrasives will feature its coated
abrasives, including the new diamond
products and a complete line of
ceramic and other coated abrasive
products. Discs will be given away for
trials in applications.
Walter Surface Technologies C3556
www.walter.com
Walter Surface Technologies will
premier its surface treatment
technologies ranging from surface
conditioning, shaping, and
preparation, to surface finishing,
cleaning and protection. The
technologies include abrasive
systems, chemical cleaners,
lubricants, and biotechnology.
Wayne Trail Technologies C2022
www.waynetrail.com
Wayne Trail Technologies will feature
its systems and automation used in the
metal forming, joining, and fabricating
industries, including press automation,
robotics, welding and fixturing, laser
2 2
Sch. 40
Pipe Capacity
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systems, tube bending and fabricating,
hydroform and structural frame
automation, system integration, and
build to print/manufacturing services.
Weartech C2044
www.weartech.net
Weartech will highlight its cobalt and
nickel-based wear-, corrosion-, and
high-temperature-resistant alloys
manufactured in all types of
hardfacing consumables such as rods,
electrodes, wires, and powders. The
company also casts solid alloy parts
and provides machining and
hardfacing services.
WebbStiles Co. B209
www.webbstiles.com
Webb-Stiles will promote its conveyor
systems: power and gravity, chain-
driven, line shaft and live roller, belt,
chain, and slat, tow lines, and vertical
conveying equipment.
Weil Engineering B4409
North America, LLC
www.weilengineering.com
Weil Engineering will spotlight its
complete laser welding systems for
tubing in the automotive industry
(mufflers, catalytic converters, fuel
filters/fillers), trucking industry
(complete DPF canning and monolith
insertion / stuffing lines), and general
industries (electric motor shells,
chimney tubes, HVAC and irrigation
pumps). The company will also
feature roll-forming and tube cutting
machines.
Weiler Corp. C3104
www.weilercorp.com
Weiler will feature its line of brushes
and abrasives for metal cleaning,
grinding, deburring, and finishing,
which includes the companys
Roughneck, Dually, TigerDisc,
Saber Tooth, Big Cat, and Vortec Pro
products, as well as general purpose
cutting and grinding wheels.
Weld Engineering Co. C1722
www.weldengineering.com
Weld Engineering will be displaying
it's complete line of medium- and
heavy-duty submerged arc flux
handling systems: air and electric
powered, automatic, portable and
tractor units, advanced pressure feed
and recovery systems, flux rebake,
and holding ovens. There will be live
demonstrations.
Weld Systems Integrators, Inc. C1040
www.wsiweld.com
The company will highlight its nut
and stud resistance welding machines,
which meet automotive
specifications.
Weld.com C2009
www.weld.com
Weld.com connects people, products
and services globally to keep the
welding veteran or weekend warrior
informed and ahead of competition,
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and to empower you with
information you need to grow your
business.
WeldAid Products C3129
www.weldaid.com
Weld-Aid will promote its NOZZLE
KLEEN coatings to maximize tip,
nozzle, and diffuser life; WELD
KLEEN for preventing spatter build-
up; LUBE-MATIC coatings to
maximize tip and liner life; and BRITE
ZINC to provide a high-luster, zinc-
rich, rust-inhibiting coating for the
repair of galvanized steel.
Weldas Co. C2545
www.weldas.com
Weldcoa C1123
www.weldcoa.com
Weldcoa specializes in industrial
cylinder fill systems, pallets, specialty
gas labs and fill facilities, liquid fill
systems, automation, cylinder gas
packs, cryogenic pump install, and
service and pump automation.
Welder Training & Testing A2729
Institute
www.wtti.com
WTTI will offer its expertise in weld
training, certification, and inspection,
as well as procedure and performance
qualification testing.
Welders Pocket Pal C3657
www.welderspocketpal.com
Welding Alloys USA C2041
www.weldingalloys.com
Welding Alloys will promote its low-
and high-alloyed cored wires for
hardfacing, surfacing, and joining
applications, and also its automatic
welding equipment.
Weldlogic, Inc. C2134
www.weldlogic.com
Weldlogic will promote its automated
welding systems, programmable
power supplies, microweld systems,
lathe-type weld positioners, seam
welding machines, and plate bending
rolls.
Weldobot, Ltd. C91
www.weldobot.com
Weldsale, LLC C2122
www.weldsale.com
Weldsale will feature its platens for
bending, straightening, cutting,
heating, grinding, glueing, drilling,
hammering, twisting, and screwing
assembles and weld components.
Also on display will be Flame Clear
Pyramids to protect flame and plasma
cutting tables.
Weldship Corp. C3253
www.weldship.com
Weldship specializes in delivering
industrial gases and chemicals to
manufacturers, independent distrib-
utors, and specialty chemical
producers with its tube trailers, gas
and liquid storage assemblies, and
CO
2
transporters.
Welker Engineered Products C2135
www.welkerproducts.com
Welker will highlight its standard
components for locating, clamping,
sliding, lifting, ejecting, transporting,
stopping, and rotating applications,
serving the automotive,
transportation, industrial,
agricultural, and special machine
industries.
WEMCO C2
www.aws.org/wemco
WEMCO An Association of
Welding Manufacturers is a standing
committee of the American Welding
Society (AWS) dedicated to providing
a common voice to the welding
industry. This influential
organization represents
manufacturers who make products for
welding processes and applications.
The association is an invaluable
source of information and services to
welding industry end-users,
distributors, and manufacturers.
WEMCO hosts high-profile annual
meetings, which include welding
industry speakers and leaders who
deliver enlightening presentations
about the latest issues and trends in
the welding industry, while providing
a platform for dynamic forums.
Members are exposed to networking
opportunities that promote the
exchange of ideas in a noncompetitive
atmosphere.
Wendt USA, LLC C2566
www.wendtusa.com
Wendt will premier its abrasive,
finishing, and polishing products for
metal fabrication. Most products are
available in wheel or disc form for use
on common tools.
West Chester Protective Gear C3236
www.westchestergear.com
The company will feature its
IRONCAT gloves and apparel
designed for the heat shielding,
dexterity, and protection demands of
welding applications.
Western Enterprises C3204
www.westernenterprises.com
Western Enterprises will spotlight its
line of products used in the control,
transmission, and storage of
compressed gases for industrial,
medical, and specialty gas
applications.
Winnox Industries, Ltd. C3111
www.winnoxweld.com
Winnox Industries will promote its
welding-related product lines,
including copper alloys, aluminum
alloys, leather welding gloves and
welding jackets, leather and fiberglass
welding blankets, welding curtains,
welding tool bags, and leather and
polyester cable covers.
WireCrafters, Inc. C3510
www.wirecrafters.com
WireCrafters will feature its wire
partitions commonly used for tool
cribs, secured storage cages, machine
barriers, and robotic work cell
enclosures, including NSI/RIA
compliant machine perimeter
guarding known as RapidWire-HD,
and new stainless steel partitions for
the food, beverage, pharmacutical,
and medical markets.
Wisconsin Wire Works, Inc. C3317
www.wisconsinwireworks.com
FABTECH
Wisconsin Wire Works will promote
its copper and bronze wires for
welding and thermal spraying,
including deoxidized copper, silicon
bronze, phosphor bronze, aluminum
bronze, naval bronze, low-fuming
bronze, and nickel silver brazing rods
and wire. Products come in coils,
spooled wire, and cut rods.
Wise Welding Technology & C41
Equipment Co., Ltd.
www.wtec.com.cn
WITT Gas Controls C1661
www.wittgas.us
WITT Gas Controls will offer its gas
mixers, gas analyzers, dome loaded
regulators, flashback arrestors, non-
return valves, safety relief valves, and
stainless steel safety equipment. On
exhibit will be high-flow/high-
pressure hydrogen flashback
arrestors; portable, hand-held CO
2
/O
2
gas analyzers; and gas mixers for
shielding gases.
Wolf Robotics, LLC C1250
www.wolfrobotics.com
Wolf Robotics will promote its
capabilities as a metalworking
integrator offering standard cells and
custom engineered systems for arc
welding, cutting, machine tending,
and material removal applications.
Wuhan Welhel Photoelectric C2163
Co., Ltd.
www.welhel.com
The company will highlight its auto-
darkening welding helmets, which are
CE, ANSI, AS/NZS, ROHS approved.
Wuxi Datang Welding & C31
Cutting Mechanical Equipment
Co., Ltd.
www.wuxidatang.com
Wuxi Hanshen Electric Co., Ltd. C3353
www.hanshen.com.cn
The company will feature its expertise
in welding and cutting power supplies,
intelligent digital control cutting
equipment, laser welding and cutting
robots, automatic welding equipment,
environment protection, and dust-
removing equipment.
Wuxi Kelonik Welding C2660
Apparatus Co., Ltd.
www.wxkink.com/english/company.asp
Wuxi Ronniewell Machinery Equi. C29
www.ronniewell.com
The company will promote its
capabilities as a manufacturer of wind
tower welding equipment.
Wuxi Volcano Welding & C3262
Cutting Equipment Co., Ltd.
www.volcanocn.com
The company will feature a variety of
welding equipment, including rotors,
positioners, and manipulators.
Wuxi Wojer Welding & C3643
Cutting Equipment Co., Ltd.
www.wojerwelds.com
Wuxi Yincheng Science & C1206
Technology Co., Ltd.
www.wuxiyc.com
Xingtai Abrasives (Fujian) C3417
Technology Co., Ltd.
www.xtym.com.cn
The company will promote its
abrasive sanding belt and polishing
discs, which meet MPA, EN 12413
and EN 13743 approvals.
Xiris Automation, Inc. C1667
www.xiris.com
Xiris will exhibit its machine vision/
inspection products for the welding,
metal fabrication, and tube and pipe
industries, which include the XVC-O
camera for monitoring open arc
welding, XVC-S W camera for
monitoring submerged arc welding,
and WI2000p for postweld inspection,
primarily in pipe and tube fabrication.
Demonstrations will be performed.
Yaskawa America, Inc. C1534
www.motoman.com
Yaskawa Motoman will introduce new
arc and spot welding robots. Double
trunnion Ferris Wheel positioners
and a welding STEM education cell
will be shown. An ArcWorld workcell
with Robotiqs Kinetiq Teaching will
allow hand guiding of a welding robot
for simplified teaching. MotoEye LT
and MotoEye LT-HD, new software for
arc welding joint-tracking
applications, will also be shown.
Several products will be
demonstrated.
York Portable Machine Tools C1212
www.yorkmachine.com
The company will premier its
portable, powerful, easy to use, York
bore-welders and boring bars
designed for on-site or in-shop repairs
to worn pin and bearing fits. Factory-
trained field representatives will be
available to answer your questions.
Yunnan Hengyu Optical C2563
Electronics Co. (Optech Co.)
www.artotic.com.cn
The company will feature its
autodarkening welding helmets with
CE and ANSI approvals.
Zhejiang Changzheng C25
Project Carbon Electrodes Co., Ltd.
www.czcarbon.com
The company will highlight its carbon
electrodes for gouging, and
regulators, cable connectors, and
ceramic backing material for welding.
Zhengzhou Anxin Abrasives C3231
Co., Ltd.
Zibo Maike Welding C3258
Equipment Co., Ltd.
www.maikewelding.com
Z J Industries, Inc. C75
www.zjindustriesinc.com
Welding Summit Workshop. Oct. 8, 9. AWS World Head-
quarters, Miami, Fla. Designed to provide an interactive
open forum environment for professionals from various ar-
eas of the welding industry to discuss issues and propose so-
lutions. www.aws.org/conferences.
Sheet Metal Welding Conference XVI. Oct. 2224. School-
craft College, Livonia, Mich. Sponsored by the AWS Detroit
Section. To highlight recent developments in welding and
joining technologies for lightweight structures. www.awsde-
troit.org.
FABTECH 2014. Nov. 1113. Georgia World Congress Center,
Atlanta, Ga. This exhibition is the largest event in North
America dedicated to showcasing the full spectrum of metal
forming, fabricating, tube and pipe, welding equipment, and
myriad manufacturing technologies. (800/305) 443-9353,
ext. 264; www.fabtechexpo.com.
Thermal Spray Pavilion and Conference. Nov. 12. Georgia
World Congress Center, Atlanta, Ga., at FABTECH 2014.
Topics to include applications, processes, coatings, equip-
ment, automation, sensors and controls, and safety issues.
Intl Thermal Spray Assn., an AWS Standing Committee.
www.thermalspray.org; www.fabtechexpo.com.
6th Intl Brazing & Soldering Conference. April 1922, 2015.
Long Beach, Calif. Topics will include current research, prac-
tical and potential applications, and new developments in
these technologies. www.awo.aws.org/2015-ibsc.
FABTECH 2015. Nov. 912, 2015. McCormick Place, Chicago,
Ill. This exhibition is the largest event in North America
dedicated to showcasing the full spectrum of metal forming,
fabricating, tube and pipe, welding equipment, and myriad
manufacturing technologies. (800/305) 443-9353, ext. 264;
www.fabtechexpo.com.
Aerospace Coatings: Development and Manufacturing
Trends for the 21st Century. Oct. 8, 9. Sheraton Bradley Air-
port Hotel, Hartford, Conn. www2.asminternational.org/ con-
tent/Events/aerospacecoatings.
National Career Pathways Network Annual Conference.
(NCPN). Oct. 1214. Buena Vista Palace Hotel & Spa, Walt
Disney World Resort, Orlando, Fla. www.ncpn.info.
ASNT Annual Conference 2014. Oct. 2730. Charleston Con-
vention Center, Charleston, S.C. American Society for Non-
destructive Testing; (800) 222-2768; www.asnt.org.
2nd Annual The Assembly Show. Oct. 2830. Donald E.
Stephens Convention Center, Rosemont, Ill. To improve
product quality and prevent recalls in the automotive and
medical devices manufacturing industries. Visit website for
list of seminars and workshops. www.theassemblyshow.com.
Automotive Testing Expo 2014 colocated with Engine Expo
2014. Oct. 2830. Suburban Collection Showplace, Novi,
Mich. www.testing-expo.com/usa/; www.engine-expo.com/usa/.
Association for Manufacturing Excellence Strategic
Success through PeoplePowered Excellence Conference.
Nov. 1014. Hyatt Regency Jacksonville Riverfront Hotel,
Jacksonville, Fla. www.ame.org.
International Thermal Spray Conference colocated with
AeroMat 2015 and Microstructural Characterization of
Aerospace Materials and Coatings. May 1114, 2015. Long
Beach Convention & Entertainment Center, Long Beach,
Calif. www.asminternational.org/web/itsc-2015.
INTERTECH 2015. May 19, 20, 2015. Downtown Marriott In-
dianapolis, Indianapolis, Ind. To feature developments and
applications for superabrasives in the automotive and other
industries. Sponsored by Industrial Diamond Assn. of Amer-
ica. www.intertechconference.com.
Aluminium 2014, 10th World Trade Fair and Conference.
Oct. 79, Messe Dsseldorf, Germany. Spotlighting the Chi-
nese and Indian markets. www.aluminium-messe.com.
COMING EVENTS
WELDING JOURNAL /OCTOBER 2014 168
AWSSponsored Events
U.S., Canada, Mexico Events
International Events
Weld Smarter With
Total Welding Management
Implementing the principles and
concepts in this book could save
you $15,000 to $25,000 annually
per welder.
Drawing on more than 50 years
of welding experience, author Jack
R. Barckhoff, P.E., gives you a solid
step-by-step plan to manage your
welding operations for maximum
productivity and cost efficiency.
Specific recommendations and
real-life production examples
illustrate how your welding team
can realize productivity gains of 20 percent to 50 percent.
Total Welding Management explains the management
principles, structure, and details you need to transform your
welding operations from a cost center into a profit center. A
must-read for supervisors, managers, and executives who
seek to make their welding operations more efficient and
more productive. 185 pages, 35 figure, 20 tables, hardbound.
Order yours today: 888-WELDING (935-3464).
Outside North America: 305-824-1177.
Online: www.aws.org/standards
Order code: AWS TWM, $49.50
American Welding Society 2006 WJS1235
7th Offshore Energy Expo and Conference. Oct. 28, 29. Am-
sterdam RAI, The Netherlands. www.offshore-energy.biz.
4th IIW Welding Research & Collaboration Colloquium. Nov.
5, 6. The University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia. The
Welding Technology Institute of Australia (WTIA).
www.wtia.com.au.
International Conference on Mechanics and Civil Engineer
ing (ICMCE2014). Dec. 13, 14. Zhong Tian Century Hotel,
Wuhan, Hubei, China. All papers will be presented in Eng-
lish. www.icmce2014.org/cfp.html.
International Conference on Mechanics and Civil Engineer
ing (ICMCE2014). Dec. 13, 14. Zhong Tian Century Hotel,
Wuhan, Hubei, China. All papers will be presented in Eng-
lish. www.icmce2014.org/cfp.html.
International Symposium on Engineering Technology, Edu
cation, and Management (ISETEM 2014). Dec. 26, 27.
Guangzhou, China www.isetem.org.
2nd Arabia Essen Welding & Cutting. Jan. 1013, 2015.
Dubai World Trade Center, Dubai, UAE. www.arabia-essen-
welding-cutting.com.
8th Offshore Energy Expo and Conference. Oct. 13, 14,
2015. Amsterdam RAI, The Netherlands. www.offshore-
energy.biz.
Brazing School Fundamentals to Advanced Concepts.
Oct. 79 (Greenville, S.C.); Nov. 1820 (Hartford, Conn.).
Kay and Associates. (860) 651-5595;
www.kaybrazing.com/seminars; dan.kay@kaybrazing.com.
Grounding and Electrical Protection Courses. Oct. 9, 10 in
Phoenix, Ariz.; Nov. 13, 14 in New Orleans, La. Lyncole XIT
Grounding; (800) 962-2610; www.lyncole.com/courses/.
Laser Additive Manufacturing Workshop. March 4, 5, 2015.
College of Optics and Photonics at the University of Central
Florida, Orlando, Fla. www.lia.org/lam.
Modeling and Simulation for Nondestructive Evaluation.
Oct. 1317. Saclay (Paris), France. www.mse-chair.org.
Modern Furnace Brazing School. Oct. 2123 (Aerobraze En-
gineered Technologies Brazing Engineering Center, Cincin-
nati, Ohio). Contact Domenic Calagna, (248) 585-6400, ext.
221; brazingschool@wallcolmonoy.com.
Resistance Welding Seminars. Oct. 1, Evansville, Ind.; Oct.
15, Columbus, Ohio; Nov. 20, Orlando, Fla. T. J. Snow Co.
www.tjsnow.com; welders@tjsnow.com.
Welder Training & Testing Institute Courses. API Endorse-
ment: Nov. 1; D1.5 Endorsement: Nov. 37; D1.1 Endorse-
ment: Nov. 7; Contact Tracy Wiswesser, WTTI, 1144 N.
Graham St., Allentown, Pa.; (610) 820-9551, ext. 204;
www.wtti.com.
ECourses in Destructive and Nondestructive Testing of
Welds. Online video courses taken at ones own pace offer
certificates of completion and continuing education units.
Hobart Institute of Welding Technology. hiwt@welding.org;
www.welding.org.
Hypertherm Cutting Institute Online. Includes video tutori-
als, interactive e-learning courses, discussion forums, webi-
nars, and blogs. Visit www.hypertherm.com, www.hyper-
thermcuttinginstitute.com.
INTEG Courses. Courses in NDE disciplines to meet certifica-
tions to Canadian General Standards Board or Canadian Nu-
clear Safety Commission. The Canadian Welding Bureau;
(800) 844-6790; www.cwbgroup.org.
Laser Safety Online Courses. Courses include Medical Laser
Safety Officer, Laser Safety Training for Physicians, Indus-
trial Laser Safety, and Laser Safety in Educational Institu-
tions. Laser Institute of America; (800) 345-2737;
www.lia.org.
Laser Safety Training Courses. Courses based on ANSI
Z136.1, Safe Use of Lasers, Orlando, Fla., or customers site.
Laser Institute of America; (800) 345-2737; www.lia.org.
Laser U Online Education Portal. Offers practical infor-
mation to use on the job. Topics range from 3D printing to
drilling, welding, wireless and optical product requirements,
and many others. Visit website for complete information
and to sign up for modules. Laser Institute of America;
www.lia.org/laseru.
Laser Vision Seminars. Two-day classes, offered monthly
and on request, include tutorials and practical training. Pre-
sented at Servo-Robot, Inc., St. Bruno, QC, Canada. For
schedule, cost, and availability, send your request to
info@servorobot.com.
Machine Safeguarding Seminars. Rockford Systems, Inc.;
(800) 922-7533; www.rockfordsystems.com.
Machining and Grinding Courses. TechSolve, www.TechSolve.org.
NACE International Training and Certification Courses. Na-
tional Assoc. of Corrosion Engineers; (281) 228-6223;
www.nace.org.
NDE and CWI/CWE Courses and Exams. Allentown, Pa., and
customers locations. Welder Training and Testing Institute;
(800) 223-9884; www.wtti.edu.
NDT Courses and Exams. Brea, Calif., and customers loca-
tions. Level I and II and refresher courses in PA, UT, MP, ra-
diation safety, radiography, visual, etc. Test NDT, LLC; (714)
255-1500; www.testndt.com.
Online Education Courses. Topics include Introduction to
Die Casting ($99), Metal Melting and Handling ($99), Prod-
uct Design ($59), Energy Training ($19), Dross Training
($19), Managing Dust Hazards ($19), Safety (free). North
American Die Casting Assn.; (847) 808-3161; www.diecast-
ing.org/education/online.
Educational Opportunities
WJ
Certified Welding Inspector (CWI)
Location Seminar Dates Exam Date
Miami, FL Exam only Oct. 16
Beaumont, TX Oct. 1217 Oct. 18
South Plainfield, NJ Oct. 1217 Oct. 18
Portland, OR Oct. 1217 Oct. 18
Atlanta, GA Oct. 1924 Oct. 25
Des Moines, IA Oct. 1924 Oct. 25
Detroit, MI Oct. 1924 Oct. 25
Roanoke, VA Oct. 1924 Oct. 25
Shreveport, LA Oct. 1924 Oct. 25
Cleveland, OH Oct. 2631 Nov. 1
Spokane, WA Oct. 2631 Nov. 1
Corpus Christi, TX Exam only Nov. 8
Atlanta, GA Exam only Nov. 13
Sacramento, CA Nov. 1621 Nov. 22
Miami, FL Nov. 1621 Nov. 22
Annapolis, MD Nov. 1621 Nov. 22
Dallas, TX Nov. 1621 Nov. 22
Edmonton, AB, Canada Exam only Nov. 24
St. Louis, MO Exam only Dec. 6
Los Angeles, CA Dec. 712 Dec. 13
Orlando, FL Dec. 712 Dec. 13
Reno, NV Dec. 712 Dec. 13
Houston, TX Dec. 712 Dec. 13
Miami, FL Exam only Dec. 18
Certified Welding Educator (CWE)
Seminar and exam are given at all sites listed under Certified
Welding Inspector. Seminar attendees will not attend the
Code Clinic portion of the seminar (usually the first two
days).
Certified Welding Sales Representative (CWSR)
CWSR exams will be given at CWI exam sites.
Certified Welding Supervisor (CWS)
Norfolk, VA Oct. 1317 Oct. 18
CWS exams are also given at all CWI exam sites.
9Year Recertification Seminar for CWI/SCWI
For current CWIs and SCWIs needing to meet education re-
quirements without taking the exam. The exam can be tak-
en at any site listed under Certified Welding Inspector.
Location Seminar Dates
Dallas, TX Oct. 510
New Orleans, LA Oct. 2631
Seattle, WA Nov. 1621
Miami, FL Dec. 712
Certified Radiographic Interpreter (CRI)
The CRI certification can be a stand-alone credential or can
exempt you from your next 9-Year Recertification.
Pittsburgh, PA Oct. 1317 Oct. 18
Certified Robotic Arc Welding (CRAW)
Seminar dates (S:) are followed by the exam dates (E:)
S: Dec. 811, E: Dec. 12; at
ABB, Inc., Auburn Hills, MI; (248) 3918421
S: Oct. 2022, E: Oct. 23, 24; at
OTC Daihen, Inc., Tipp City, OH; (937) 667-0800
S: Oct. 2022, E: Oct. 23; at
Lincoln Electric Co., Cleveland, OH; (216) 383-8542
S: Oct. 1316, E: Oct. 17; at
Genesis-Systems Group, Davenport, IA; (563) 445-5688
S: Nov. 1719, E: Nov. 20, 21; at
Wolf Robotics, Fort Collins, CO; (970) 225-7736
On request at MATC, Milwaukee, WI; (414) 297-6996
CERTIFICATION SCHEDULE
WJ
IMPORTANT: This schedule is subject to change without notice.
Please verify your event dates with the Certification Dept. to
confirm your course status before making travel plans. Applica
tons are to be received at least six weeks prior to the
seminar/exam or exam. Applicatons received afer that tme
will be assessed a $250 Fast Track fee. Please verify applicaton
deadline dates by visitng our website www.aws.org/certca
ton/docs/schedules.html. For information on AWS seminars
and certification programs, or to register online, visit
www.aws.org/certification or call (800/305) 4439353, ext. 273,
for Certification; or ext. 455 for Seminars.
Certcaton Seminars, Code Clinics, and Examinatons

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Inclusions are solid materials trapped in the weld metal
or at the interfaces of the weld metal. The foreign materials
that are often entrapped include tungsten, flux, oxide, and
slag. While inclusions may be encountered in welds
produced with most arc welding processes, they are most
common in the flux-shielded processes, such as shielded
metal arc welding (SMAW), flux cored arc welding (FCAW),
and submerged arc welding (SAW).
Table 1 shows common causes of inclusions and
suggested remedies.
Tungsten Inclusions
Tungsten inclusions are particles of the tungsten
electrode trapped in weld metal deposited with the gas tung-
sten arc or plasma arc welding processes. These inclusions
may be trapped in a weld if the tungsten electrode is dipped
into the molten weld metal, the tungsten electrode touches
the base metal, or if the welding current is too high and
causes the melting and transfer of tungsten droplets into
the molten weld metal.
These inclusions appear as light areas on radiographs be-
cause tungsten is denser than the surrounding metal and
absorbs larger amounts of X-rays or gamma radiation.
Almost all other weld discontinuities are indicated by dark
areas on radiographs.
Flux Inclusions
This type of inclusion results when flux becomes
entrapped in the weld prior to solidification. In FCAW, flux
inclusions may occur from the use of an improper electrode,
whereas in SAW, it may result from the use of the incorrect
welding current.
Flux inclusions may occur if pieces of the electrode break
off and become entrapped in the weld pool. They may also
occur in FCAW, SAW, or in gas metal arc welding (cored
wires only) if flux or alloying materials fail to melt and
become trapped in the weld.
Oxide Inclusions
These are surface oxides trapped in the weld, which may
result from the dissociation of the electrode coating. These
can become isolated inclusions in multipass welds. Since
they initially appear on the surface of weld beads, oxide in-
clusions are easily found and removed.
Slag Inclusions
Slag inclusions typically result from faulty welding tech-
niques, improper access to the joint for welding, or both. En-
trapped slag discontinuities typically occur only with the
flux shielded welding processes (SMAW, FCAW, SAW, and
electroslag welding). Entrapped slag is a reaction product of
the flux and the molten weld metal. As slag is less dense
than the weld metal, it normally floats to the surface.
During welding, slag is formed and may be forced below
the surface of the molten weld metal by the stirring action of
the arc. Slag may also flow ahead of the arc, and metal may
be deposited over it. The latter is especially true when multi-
pass welds are made without proper interpass cleaning.
A number of factors may prevent release of slag and
result in its entrapment in the weld metal. These factors in-
clude the following:
1) High-viscosity weld metal
2) Rapid solidification
3) Insufficient welding heat
4) Improper manipulation of the electrode
5) Undercut on previous passes.
The influence of slag inclusions on weld behavior is simi-
lar to that of porosity.
Slag inclusions often have tails that act as stress raisers.
Therefore, slag can influence the fatigue behavior of welds,
particularly when the weld reinforcement is removed and
the weld is not postweld heat treated. As with porosity, slag
at or very near to the weld surface influences fatigue behav-
ior to a greater extent than similarly constituted slag buried
within the weld metal.
WELDING WORKBOOK
DATA SHEET 351
WJ
Table 1 Inclusions Common Causes and Remedies
Cause Remedy
Failure to remove slag Clean the surface and the previous weld bead
Entrapment of refractory oxides Power wire brush the previous weld bead
Tungsten in the weld metal Avoid contact between the electrode and the work; use a larger electrode
Improper joint design Increase groove angle of joint
Oxide inclusions Provide proper gas shielding
Slag flooding ahead of the welding arc Reposition work to prevent loss of slag control or change electrode
manipulation technique
Poor electrode manipulative technique Change electrode or flux to improve slag control
Entrapped pieces of electrode covering Use undamaged electrodes
Excerpted from the Welding Handbook, 9th Edition, Vol. 1.
Types of Weld Discontinuities: Inclusions
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BY HOWARD WOODWARD woodward@aws.org
SOCIETY NEWS
Shown at the Instructors Workshop are from left (front row) Dan Turner, Bradley Brandmeir, Josh Heuerman, Cornelio Ontiveros, Jacob
Thonne, AWS Directorat Large J. Jones, Kevin Rawlins, and Robert Lee; (back row) Buddy May, Kate Cosden, Travis Hill, Dave Viar, Wal
ter Duke, AWS DirectoratLarge Rick Polanin, Mark Lynch, Daniel Stopnick, Ed Norman, Jason Schmidt, Darin Owens, Josh Heibel, Davis
Rayborn, David Porter, Leamon Wilson, Benjamin Dunbar, and Tony Duris.
Welding Instructors Train in Miami
BY DANIEL STOPNICK
Twenty welding instructors at-
tended the Instructors Institute held
July 27Aug. 1 at AWS World Head-
quarters in Miami, Fla.
Each year, the Society hosts this
seminar for welding educators to
hone their teaching skills. The inten-
sive, six-day program includes class-
room and lab sessions detailing suc-
cessful teaching methods, the SENSE
program, virtual welding technology,
and hands-on activities. Featured are
demonstrations of the latest equip-
ment from Victor, Miller, Reality-
works, ESAB, and Lincoln Electric
presented by representatives from
each company.
This year, the classroom presen-
ters included CWIs/CWEs Ed Norman
and AWS Director-at-Large Rick
Polanin; David Hernandez, director of
development and systems, AWS Edu-
cation Services Dept.; and J. Jones,
an AWS director-at-large and a dis-
trict manager with the Harris Prod-
ucts Group.
Jay Ginder presented for ESAB,
Steve Hidden and Nick Peterson for
Miller Electric, and Jason Schmidt for
Lincoln Electric.
Hernandez discussed science and
math education in welding programs,
Polanin presented insights on lesson
planning and learning preferences,
and Peterson, with Miller Electric,
spoke on advanced waveform gas
tungsten arc welding.
On Tuesday and Thursday, the in-
structors traveled to Florida Gas
Welding Supply in West Park, Fla.,
where they learned how to use the
latest welding equipment for practical
applications with hands-on instruc-
tion. The instructors then worked in
small groups to complete a practical
work project.
The Instructors Institute program
offers opportunities for the attendees
to share their educational styles and,
at the end of the long day, unwind
with entertaining activities in the
evenings.
The Annual Meeting of the members of the American
Welding Society will be held Monday, Nov. 10, 2014, begin-
ning at 9:00 AM at the Georgia World Congress Center in
Atlanta, Ga.
The regular business of the Society will be conducted,
including election of officers and nine members of the
Board of Directors. Any business properly brought before
the membership will be considered.
Notice of Annual Meeting of the American Welding Society
DANIEL STOPNICK (dstopnick@aws.org)
is associate coordinator in the AWS
Education Department.
SOCIETY NEWS
Ernest D. Levert, AWS president
20022003, was presented the presti-
gious Arthur Smith Award July 13
during the opening ceremonies of the
International Institute of Welding
(IIW) Annual Assembly in Seoul,
South Korea.
The Arthur Smith Award is con-
ferred annually upon an individual
who has provided dedicated service to
the IIW and enabled its objectives to
be considerably advanced. Recipients
are individuals who have contributed
to IIW activities for numerous years,
particularly in the work of the Com-
missions.
Paul Woollin, research director at
TWI, presented the award to Levert,
who was also elected a member of the
IIW board.
Levert has served since 1996 as a
senior staff manufacturing engineer
at Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire
Control Division in Dallas, Tex.,
where he earned its NOVA Outstand-
ing Leadership Award in 2006. He re-
ceived The Ohio State Universitys
School of Engineering Outstanding
Alumni Award in 2004, and his biog-
raphy was published by The History
Makers in 2013.
During her visit to the the Iowa
State Fair held Aug. 717 in Des
Moines, Kim Reynolds, Iowa lieu-
tenant governor, tried her skills at
performing virtual arc welding while
touring the AWS-Lincoln Electric Co.
sponsored Careers in Welding trailer.
Reynolds toured the exhibits at the
invitation of Mary Andringa, presi-
dent and CEO of Vermeer Corp., who
took the photo, and AWS Vice Presi-
dent David Landon, who is manager
of welding engineering and mission
support at the company.
Ernest D. Levert (right) receives the
engraved silver plate Arthur Smith
Award from Paul Woollin July 13
during the IIW Annual Assembly in
Seoul, South Korea.
Kim Reynolds, Iowa lieutenant governor, seems to be enjoying her experience with
the virtual arc welding exhibit during her tour of the Careers in Welding trailer
at the Iowa State Fair.
Article VII Committees of the Society
Section 2. Special Committee.
Only the Board of Directors or the Ex
ecutive Committee may create Spe-
cial Committees. Such Committees
shall be created only for a special lim-
ited purpose, and their term of exis-
tence shall be fixed by the Board of
Directors. Those Special Committees
created by the Executive Committee
shall have their term of existence
fixed by the Board of Directors at its
next meeting. The President shall ap-
point the officers and the members of
Special Committees which may in-
clude any person, whether or not a
member of the Society, with the ap-
proval of the Board of Directors, but
only Society members shall have vot-
ing rights.
Amendments to the Bylaws of the American Welding Society
Iowa Lt. Governor Visits Careers in Welding Trailer
Ernest Levert Receives Prestigious IIW Award
The Members of the American Welding Society will con-
sider amendments to the Societys Bylaws at the Annual
Meeting, to be held Monday, November 10, 2014, in At-
lanta, Ga.
These Amendments were approved by the Board of Di-
rectors on May 19, 2014, and are recommended for adop-
tion by the Members. The Bylaws require that the text of
any amendment be published in the Welding Journal and
mailed at least 30 days before the Members take action.
Members are encouraged to vote on the proposed
amendments, in person, at the aforementioned meeting,
or through the exercise of the proxy published in this issue
of Welding Journal on the page following these amend-
ments page 179.
The present wording is indicated with proposed word-
ing in red boldface.
4 Easy Ways to Join or Renew:
Mail: Form with your payment, to AWS Call: Membership Department at (800) 443-9353, ext. 480
Fax: Completed form to (305) 443-5647 Online: www.aws.org/membership
q New Member q Renewal
q Mr. q Ms. q Mrs. q Dr. Please print Duplicate this page as needed
Last Name:_______________________________________________________________________________
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Birthdate: _____________________________ E-Mail:____________________________________________
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Were you ever an AWS Member? q YES q NO If YES,give year________ and Member #:____________________
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Zip/PostalCode:_____________________Country:______________________________________________
q Check here if you learned of the Society through an AWS Member? Members name:_______________________Members # (if known):________
q Check here if you would prefer not to receive email updates on AWS programs, new Member benefts, savings opportunities and events.
CONTACT INFORMATION
INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP
Type of Business (Check ONE only)
A q Contract construction
B q Chemicals & allied products
C q Petroleum & coal industries
D q Primary metal industries
E q Fabricated metal products
F q Machinery except elect. (incl. gas welding)
G q Electrical equip., supplies, electrodes
H q Transportation equip. air, aerospace
I q Transportation equip. automotive
J q Transportation equip. boats, ships
K q Transportation equip. railroad
L q Utilities
M q Welding distributors & retail trade
N q Misc. repair services (incl. welding shops)
O q Educational Services (univ., libraries, schools)
P q Engineering & architectural services (incl. assns.)
Q q Misc. business services (incl. commercial labs)
R q Government (federal, state, local)
S q Other
Job Classifcation (Check ONE only)
01 q President, owner, partner, ofcer
02 q Manager, director, superintendent (or assistant)
03 q Sales
04 q Purchasing
05 q Engineer welding
20 q Engineer design
21 q Engineer manufacturing
06 q Engineer other
10 q Architect designer
12 q Metallurgist
13 q Research & development
22 q Quality control
07 q Inspector, tester
08 q Supervisor, foreman
14 q Technician
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11 q Consultant
15 q Educator
17 q Librarian
16 q Student
18 q Customer Service
19 q Other
Technical Interests (Check all that apply)
A q Ferrous metals
B q Aluminum
C q Nonferrous metals except aluminum
D q Advanced materials/Intermetallics
E q Ceramics
F q High energy beam processes
G q Arc welding
H q Brazing and soldering
I q Resistance welding
J q Thermal spray
K q Cutting
L q NDT
M q Safety and health
N q Bending and shearing
O q Roll forming
P q Stamping and punching
Q q Aerospace
R q Automotive
S q Machinery
T q Marine
U q Piping and tubing
V q Pressure vessels and tanks
W q Sheet metal
X q Structures
Y q Other
Z q Automation
1 q Robotics
2 q Computerization of Welding
Please check each box that applies to the Membership or service youd like, and then add the cost together to get your Total Payment.
q AWS INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP (One Year)..................................................................................................$84
q AWS INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP Two Years SAVE $25 New Members Only....................................$143
q New Member Initiation Fee ...........................................................................................................................................$12
OPTIONS AVAILABLE TO AWS INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS ONLY:
A.) OPTIONAL Book Selection (Choose from 25 titles; up to a $192 value; includes shipping & handling)
q Individual Members in the U.S..................................................................................................................................$35
q Individual Members outside the U.S (includes International shipping)...........................................................................$85
ONLY ONE SELECTION PLEASE. For more book choices visit www.aws.org/membership
q Jefersons Welding Encyclopedia (CD-ROM only) q Design & Planning Manual for Cost-Efective Welding q Welding Metallurgy
Welding Handbook Selections: q WH (9th Ed., Vol. 4) q WH (9th Ed., Vol. 3) q WH (9th Ed., Vol. 2) q WH (9th Ed., Vol. 1)
Pocket Handbook Selections: q PHB-1 (Arc Welding Steel) q PHB-2 (Visual Inspection) q PHB-4 (GMAW / FCAW)
B.) OPTIONAL Welding Journal Hard Copy (for Members outside North America)
q Individual Members outside North America (note: digital delivery of WJ is standard)..............................................$50
INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP TOTAL PAYMENT..................................................................................$_____________
NOTE: Dues include $18.70 for Welding Journal subscription and $4.00 for the AWS Foundation.
8669 NW 36 St, # 130
Miami, FL 33166-6672
Telephone (800) 443-9353
FAX (305) 443-5647
Visit our website: www.aws.org
PAYMENT INFORMATION
Payment can be made (in U.S. dollars) by check or money order (international or foreign), payable to the American Welding Society, or by charge card.
q Check q Money Order q AMEX q Diners Club q MasterCard q Visa q Discover q Other
CC#:____________ / ____________ / ____________ / ____________ Expiration Date (mm/yy) ________ / ________
Signature of Applicant:_________________________________________ Application Date:_______________________
OFFICE USE ONLY Check #:_______________________________ Account #____________________________________
Source Code: WJ Date:_________________________________ Amount:_____________________________________
AWS MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION
STUDENT MEMBERSHIP
Please check each box that applies to the Membership or service youd like, and then add the cost together to get your Total Payment.
q AWS STUDENT MEMBERSHIP (One Year)...................................................................................................................$15
q OPTIONAL Welding Journal Hard Copy (Only available to students in the U.S., Canada and Mexico)...........................$20
Note: Hard copy option applies to students in U.S., Canada and Mexico. Digital delivery of magazine is standard beneft for all student members.
STUDENT MEMBERSHIP TOTAL PAYMENT......................................................................................$_____________
REV. 11/13
kCk S1A1LMLN1
AMLkICAN WLLDING SCCIL1

1o all members of Lhe AML8lCAn WLLulnC SCClL1?, lnC.:

1he 8ylaws of Lhe SocleLy provlde for members Lo voLe on amendmenLs Lo Lhe 8ylaws, ln person or by proxy, aL any naLlonal
meeLlng of Lhe members, provlded a quorum ls presenL. All members, excepL SLudenL Members, have Lhe rlghL Lo voLe.

1he 8oard of ulrecLors of Lhe SocleLy approved amendmenLs Lo Lhe 8ylaws on May 19, 2014. 1hese amendmenLs wlll be
consldered for approval aL Lhe Annual MeeLlng Lo be held ln ALlanLa, Ceorgla on november 10, 2014.

1he amendmenLs Lo Lhe 8ylaws are prlnLed ln Lhls lssue of Lhe welJloq Iootool ln conformance wlLh Lhe requlremenLs of Lhe
8ylaws. Members are urged Lo read Lhls lnformaLlon when decldlng wheLher Lo voLe for or agalnsL Lhe adopLlon of Lhe
proposed amendmenLs.

AlLhough all members of Lhe SocleLy are encouraged Lo aLLend Lhe Annual MeeLlng, members may execuLe Lhelr rlghL Lo voLe
by proxy. 1he proxy accompanylng Lhls roxy SLaLemenL ls sollclLed by Lhe 8oard of ulrecLors of Lhe SocleLy and, lf properly
execuLed and reLurned, wlll be voLed ln accordance wlLh Lhe lnsLrucLlons glven Lhereln. II NC INS1kUC1ICNS AkL GIVLN, 1nL kCk
WILL 8L VC1LD IN IAVCk CI 1nL kCCSAL 1C ADC1 1nL AMLNDMLN1S 1C 1nL 8LAWS. Any proxy may be revoked aL any Llme before lL ls
voLed by furnlshlng Lhe LxecuLlve ulrecLor and SecreLary of Lhe SocleLy wlLh elLher wrlLLen noLlce of revocaLlon or a
subsequenLly daLed proxy, or by appearlng aL Lhe Annual MeeLlng and voLlng ln person.

1he voLe of each member ls lmporLanL, and each member ls encouraged Lo compleLe and reLurn Lhe proxy or log on
www.aws.org Lo voLe by proxy elecLronlcally. lf you have any quesLlons, please conLacL 8ay W. Shook, LxecuLlve ulrecLor. 1he
prlnclpal offlce of Lhe SocleLy ls aL 8669 nW 36 SL., # 130, Mlaml, lL 33166, and Lhe Lelephone number ls (303) 443-9333.

lor Lhe Annual MeeLlng of members Lo be held on november 10, 2014:

1he underslgned member of Lhe Amerlcan Weldlng SocleLy, lnc. (Lhe SocleLy"), hereby appolnLs u. A. llood, u. !. koLeckl, and
W. 8. olanln, or any one of Lhem, Lo Lhe power of subsLlLuLlon as Lhe underslgned's proxy Lo aLLend Lhe Annual MeeLlng of
members of Lhe SocleLy Lo be held on november 10, 2014, aL 9:00 AM LasLern SLandard 1lme aL Ceorgla World Congress
CenLer, ALlanLa, Ceorgla, and aL any ad[ournmenL Lhereof, and Lo voLe aL such a meeLlng as Lhe underslgned would be enLlLled
Lo voLe lf Lhen personally presenL wlLh respecL Lo Lhe followlng maLLers:

1. Approval of AmendmenLs Lo ArLlcle vll, SecLlon 2

( ) lor ( ) AgalnsL
2. ln Lhelr dlscreLlon, Lhe proxles are auLhorlzed Lo voLe upon oLher such buslness as may properly come before Lhe meeLlng.

1nIS kCk, WnLN kCLkL LkLCU1LD, WILL 8L VC1LD IN 1nL MANNLk DIkLC1LD nLkLIN 8 1nL UNDLkSIGNLD MLM8Lk. II NC DIkLC1ICN IS MADL,
1nIS kCk WILL 8L VC1LD ICk ADC1ICN CI 1nL AMLNDMLN1S 1C 1nL 8LAWS. CUk 8CAkD CI DIkLC1CkS kLCCMMLNDS VC1LS ICk ADC1ICN
CI 1nL AMLNDMLN1S.
Member name:
uaLe: SlgnaLure: Member number:

lease slgn, daLe and reLurn:
8y mall Lo: 8ay W. Shook, SecreLary, Amerlcan Weldlng SocleLy, 8669 nW 36 SL., # 130, Mlaml, lL 33166,
Cr by fax Lo: 303-443-1809, or by emall Lo: adlaz[aws.org

If vot|ng by proxy e|ectron|ca||y:
8y se|ect|ng "I Accept" you are s|gn|ng th|s roxy e|ectron|ca||y. I Accept

Attn: Ray W. Shook
8669 NW 36 St., # 130
Miami, FL 33166

New Standards Project
Development work has begun on
the following revised standard. Affect-
ed individuals are invited to contribute
to its development. Participation on
AWS Technical Committees is open to
all persons.
D3.6M:201X, Underwater Welding
Code. This Code covers the require-
ments for welding structures or com-
ponents underwater in both dry and
wet environments. Stakeholders:
Those involved in welding underwater
structures, pipelines, marine vessels,
and the nuclear industry. B. McGrath,
ext. 311, bmcgrath@aws.org.
Four Standards for
Public Review
B5.1:2013AMD1, Specification for
the Qualification of Welding Inspectors.
$26. 10/6/14. S. Hedrick, ext. 305,
steveh@aws.org.
B5.2:201X, Specification for the
Training, Qualification, and Company
Certification of Welding Inspector Spe-
cialists and Welding Inspector Assistants.
$26. 10/6/14. S. Hedrick, ext. 305,
steveh@aws.org.
D1.9/D1.9M:201X, Structural Weld-
ing Code Titanium. $58. 9/22/14. B.
McGrath, ext. 311, bmcgrath@aws.org.
D18.3/D18.3M201X, Specification
for Welding of Tanks, Vessels, and Other
Equipment in Sanitary (Hygienic) Appli-
cations. $28. 9/22/14. C. Lewis, ext.
306, clewis@aws.org.
AWS was approved as an accredited
standards-preparing organization by
the American National Standards In-
stitute (ANSI) in 1979. AWS rules, as
approved by ANSI, require that all
standards be open to public review for
comment during the approval process.
The above four revised standards were
submitted for public review with the
review expiration dates shown. A draft
copy may be obtained from the staff
contact listed.
Technical Committee Meetings
Oct. 7. D10P Subcommittee on Lo-
cal Heat Treating of Pipework. Miami,
Fla. B. McGrath, ext. 311,
bmcgrath@aws.org.
Oct. 8, 9. A2 Committee and Sub-
committees on Definitions and Sym-
bols. Columbus, Ohio. S. Borrero, ext.
334, sborrero@aws.org.
Oct. 10. D10 Committee on Piping
and Tubing. Miami, Fla. B. McGrath,
ext. 311, bmcgrath@aws.org.
Oct. 20, 21. D16 Committee on Ro-
botic and Automatic Welding. Miami,
Fla. C. Lewis, ext. 306, clewis@aws.org.
Oct. 2124. D1 Committee and
Subcommittees on Structural Welding.
Jackson, Wyo. B. McGrath, ext. 311,
bmcgrath@aws.org.
Oct. 23, 24. C4 Committee on Oxy-
fuel Gas Welding and Cutting. Clear-
water, Fla. C. Lewis, ext. 306,
clewis@aws.org.
Oct. 29. SH1 Subcommittee on
Fumes and Gases. Columbus, Ohio. S.
Hedrick, ext. 305, steveh@aws.org.
Nov. 5. B2F Subcommittee on Plas-
tic Welding Qualifications. Tulsa,
Okla. S. Hedrick, ext. 305,
steveh@aws.org.
Nov. 5. G1A Subcommittee on Hot
Gas Welding and Extrusion Welding.
Tulsa, Okla. S. Hedrick, ext. 305,
steveh@aws.org.
The following meetings will be held
during FABTECH in Atlanta, Ga.
Nov. 10. B1 Committee on Methods
of Inspection. E. Abrams, ext. 307,
eabrams@aws.org.
Nov. 10. B1A Subcommittee on
Nondestructive Examination of Welds.
E. Abrams, ext. 307, eabrams@aws.org.
Nov. 10. C2 Committee on Thermal
Spraying. J. Rosario, ext. 308,
jrosario@aws.org.
Nov. 10. C2F Subcommittee on
Thermal Spray Operator Qualification.
J. Rosario, ext. 308, jrosario@aws.org.
Nov. 10. C2G Subcommittee on
Thermal Spray Equipment. J. Rosario,
ext. 308, jrosario@aws.org.
Nov. 10. C2J Subcommittee on
Feedstock for Thermal Spray. J.
Rosario, ext. 308, jrosario@aws.org.
Nov. 10. C6D Subcommittee on
Friction Stir Welding. C. Lewis, ext.
Nov. 10. C7 Committee on High En-
ergy Beam Welding and Cutting. C.
Lewis, ext. 306, clewis@aws.org.
Nov. 10. C7B Subcommittee on
Electron Beam Welding and Cutting.
C. Lewis, ext. 306, clewis@aws.org.
Nov. 10. C7C Subcommittee on
Laser Beam Welding and Cutting. C.
Lewis, ext. 306, clewis@aws.org.
Nov. 10. C7D Subcommittee on Hy-
brid Welding. C. Lewis, ext. 306,
clewis@aws.org.
Nov. 11. D9 Committee on the
Welding, Brazing, and Soldering of
Sheet Metal. J. Molin, ext. 304,
jmolin@aws.org.
Nov. 11. D15C Subcommittee on
Track Welding. J. Rosario, ext. 308,
jrosario@aws.org.
Nov. 11. D17D Subcommittee on
Resistance Welding. J. Molin, ext. 304,
jmolin@aws.org.
Nov. 11. D17J Subcommittee on
Friction Stir Welding for Aerospace. J.
Molin, ext. 304, jmolin@aws.org.
Nov. 11. D20 Committee on Addi-
tive Manufacturing. A. Alonso, ext.
299, aalonso@aws.org.
Nov. 12. A5K Subcommittee on Ti-
tanium and Zirconium Filler Metals. J.
Molin, ext. 304, jmolin@aws.org.
Nov. 12. D14C Subcommittee on
Earthmoving and Construction Equip-
ment. E. Abrams, ext. 307,
eabrams@aws.org.
Nov. 12. D14E Subcommittee on
Welding of Presses and Industrial and
Mill Cranes. E. Abrams, ext. 307,
eabrams@aws.org.
Nov. 12. D16 Committee on Robot-
ic and Automatic Welding. C. Lewis,
ext. 306, clewis@aws.org.
Nov. 12. D17K Subcommittee on
Fusion Welding. J. Molin, ext. 304,
jmolin@aws.org.
Nov. 12. G2D Subcommittee on Re-
active Alloys. J. Molin, ext. 304,
jmolin@aws.org.
Nov. 13. C6D Subcommittee on
Friction Stir Welding. C. Lewis, ext.
Nov. 13. D14 Committee on Ma-
chinery and Equipment. E. Abrams,
ext. 307, eabrams@aws.org.
Nov. 13. D14I Subcommittee on
Hydraulic Cylinders. E. Abrams, ext.
307, eabrams@aws.org.
Nov. 13. D17 Committee on Weld-
ing in the Aircraft and Aerospace In-
dustries. J. Molin, ext. 304,
jmolin@aws.org.
Nov. 13. D17K Subcommittee on
Fusion Welding. J. Molin, ext. 304,
jmolin@aws.org.
TECH TOPICS
SOCIETY NEWS
SOCIETY NEWS
Opportunites to Serve on
Technical Commitees
www.aws.org/technical/jointechcomm
Te following committees have
openings for new members.
Joining of plastics and composites.
G1 Committee seeks members. S.
Methods of weld inspection. The B1
Committee seeks educators, general in-
terest, and end users. E. Abrams, ext.
Safety and Health Committee seeks
educators, end users, general interest,
and consultants. S. Hedrick, ext. 305,
steveh@aws.org.
Oxyfuel gas welding and cutting. C4
Committee seeks members. C. Lewis,
ext. 306, clewis@aws.org.
Friction welding. C6 Committee
seeks professionals. C. Lewis, ext. 306,
clewis@aws.org.
Highenergy beam welding and cut
ting. C7 Committee seeks professionals.
C. Lewis, ext. 306, clewis@aws.org.
Magnesium alloy filler metals. A5L
Subcommittee seeks professionals. R.
Gupta, ext. 301, gupta@aws.org.
Robotic and automatic welding. D16
Committee seeks general interest and
educational members. C. Lewis, ext.
Local heat treating of pipe. D10P
Subcommittee seeks professionals. B.
McGrath, ext. 311, bmcgrath@aws.org.
Mechanical testing of welds. B4
Committee seeks professionals. S.
Reactive alloys. G2D Subcommittee
seeks volunteers. J. Molin, ext. 304,
jmolin@aws.org.
Titanium and zirconium filler metals.
A5K Subcommittee seeks professionals.
J. Molin, ext. 304, jmolin@aws.org.
Welding qualifications. B2B Subcom-
mittee seeks members. J. Rosario, ext.
308, jrosario@aws.org.
Resistance welding equipment. J1
Committee seeks educators, general in-
terest, and end users. E. Abrams, ext.
Thermal spraying. The C2 Commit-
tee seeks educators, general interest,
and end users. J. Rosario, ext. 308,
jrosario@aws.org.
Automotive. The D8 Committee
seeks members. E. Abrams, ext. 307,
eabrams@aws.org.
Machinery and equipment and sur
facing and reconditioning of industrial
mill rolls. D14 Committee and D14H
Subcommittee seeks members. E.
Abrams, ext. 307, eabrams@aws.org.
Hybrid welding. The C7D Subcom-
mittee seeks volunteers. C. Lewis, ext.
Diusion Bonding Experts
Sought for ISO Standard
The U.S. TAG (Technical Advisory
Group) that serves as the United States
National Committee to ISO/TC 44/SC
10, Unification of Requirements in the
Field of Metal Welding, seeks United
States experts to serve on a newly creat-
ed subgroup dealing with the topic of
micro melting diffusion bonding. The
group is working on a new ISO standard
concerning micro joining of second-gen-
eration high-temperature superconduc-
tors. For complete information, contact
A. Davis, ext. 466, adavis@aws.org.
Nominate Your Candidate for
MIT Masubuchi Award
This award, with a $5000 honorari-
um, is presented to one person, 40 or
younger, who has made significant con-
tributions to materials joining through
research and development. Send your
candidates credentials and three or
more letters of recommendation from
other researchers to Prof. Todd Palmer,
tap103@psu.edu.
William Irrgang Memorial Award
includes a $2500 honorarium to rec-
ognize the individual who has done
the most over the past five years to
advance the science and technology
of welding.
National Meritorious Award in-
cludes a $2500 honorarium to recog-
nize an individuals loyalty, good
counsel, dedication to AWS affairs,
and promotion of cordial relations
with industry and other technical
organizations.
George E. Willis Award is given to
an individual who has promoted the
advancement of welding internation-
ally by fostering cooperative partici-
pation in technology transfer, stan-
dards rationalization, and promotion
of industrial goodwill for the Society.
International Meritorious Certificate
Award recognizes, in the broadest
terms, the recipients significant con-
tributions and service to activities in
the international welding community.
Honorary Membership Award rec-
ognizes an individual who has eminence
in the welding profession or has made
outstanding developments in the field
of welding arts.
Name Your Candidates for These WeldingRelated Awards
The deadline for nominating candidates for the following awards is December 31 prior to the year of the awards presen-
tations. E-mail Wendy Sue Reeve at wreeve@aws.org or call (800/305) 443-9353, ext. 293.
AWS Life Members are offered free
admission to the FABTECH show
scheduled for Nov. 1113, 2014, at
the Georgia World Congress Center in
Atlanta, plus free registration for the
Professional Program, enabling them
to attend any of the technical ses-
sions presented during the three-day
period a $325 value.
The Registration Form is available
in the Welding Journal and the Ad-
vance Program., or call (800/305)
443-9353, ext. 260, to have the form
mailed to you.
To obtain your free registration,
mark AWS Life Member Free Reg-
istration at the top of your Registra-
tion Form. Fax both sides of the form
to (305) 443-5647, Attn: Rhenda
Kenny, membership director; e-mail
to rhenda@aws.org; or mail the form
to Rhenda Kenny, AWS Membership
Dept., 8669 NW 36th St., Ste. # 130,
Miami, FL 33166.
AWS Life Members Offered Free Registration for Professional Program
District No. Awardee Section
Section Meritorious Award
1 Tim Kinnaman, Central Mass./R.I.
2 Kenneth Stockton, New Jersey
2 Lawrence Abernethy, New Jersey
2 August Manz, New Jersey
2 Steven Dagnall, New Jersey
2 Ray OLeary, Long Island
2 Marinee Temme, Philadelphia
2 Ken Temme, Philadelphia
3 Dave Watson, Lancaster
4 Bill Rhodes, SW Virginia
4 David Cash, SW Virginia
4 Samuel Glass, Carolina
4 David Schaffer, Carolina
4 Hardik Suthar, Charlotte
4 Jay Manning, Triangle
4 Scott MacIntyre, Triangle
4 Carl Harris, Triangle
7 Bryan Lyons, Columbus
8 Larry Morrison, Chattanooga
8 Chattanooga State C.C.
8 James Hales, Chattanooga
8 Delbert Butler, Chattanooga
8 Jack Braley, Chattanooga
8 Jim Kirby, Nashville
8 Greg Ralphs, Nashville
8 Eddy Teem, Nashville
8 Marty Bishop, Greater Huntsville
8 Lane Bell, NE Mississippi
9 Aldo Duron, New Orleans
9 Rose Moore, New Orleans
9 Marcie Jacquet, Acadiana
9 Doug Watkins, Acadiana
9 Joey Rentrop, Morgan City
9 Chris Pollock, Morgan City
9 William Lamperez, Baton Rouge
9 Johnny Dupuy, Baton Rouge
9 Gerald Bickerstaff, Central Louisiana
9 Don Sanders, Central Louisiana
9 Brenda Amos, Mobile
9 Ben Catchot, Mobile
9 Steven Moore, Auburn-Opelika
9 Clyde Wikle, Auburn-Opelika
10 Carl Ford, Mahoning Valley
10 Donna Bastian, NW Pennsylvania
10 Bob Fugate, Drake Well
10 Regis Holland, Cleveland
14 Andrew Swyers, St. Louis
14 Vic Shorkey, St. Louis
14 Regan McGee, Lexington
14 Brandon McBrayer, Lexington
14 Chip Elliott, Lexington
14 Kyle Hutcheson, Indiana
14 Tony Brosio, Indiana
14 David Jackson, Indiana
14 Jason Trosen, Indiana
16 Gary Siepert, Kansas
16 Charles Burg, Iowa
17 Barry Lawrence, Tulsa
17 John Trotter, Oklahoma City
17 Angela Harrison, Central Arkansas
17 Bryan Walker, Ozarks
17 Johnny Harvill, East Texas
18 James Hansford, Houston
18 Douglas Buras, Houston
18 Gary Holbrook, Houston
18 Daniel Brotsch, Houston
18 George Baldree, Houston
18 Alfredo Pena, Houston
18 Johnny Moreno, San Antonio
18 James Stuckey, Sabine
18 Billy Musgrave, Lake Charles
20 Ryan Jimmerson, Wyoming
20 Jason Hart, Utah
20 Merlin Herbert, New Mexico
20 Craig Rich, New Mexico
20 Herb Smith, New Mexico
20 Brent Christner, New Mexico
20 James Scott, New Mexico
20 Eric Drobney, Colorado
20 William Maroney, Colorado
20 Robert Page, Colorado
20 Jim Van Covhern, Colorado
20 Galen Altman, Colorado
22 John Jones, Sacramento Valley
22 Tom Smeltzer, San Francisco
District Meritorious Award
1 Tom Kinnaman, Central Mass./R.I.
2 Tom Gartland, Long Island
2 Vincent Murray, New Jersey
3 Mike Sebergandio, Lancaster
3 Joe Young, Reading
4 Bobby Perkins, Tidewater
4 Bob Fitch, SW Virginia
5 Gale Mole, South Carolina
5 Odell Haselden, South Carolina
6 Bob Davis, Syracuse
6 David Parker, Northern New York
7 William Krupa, Johnstown/Altoona
7 John Lawmon, Columbus
8 Jerry Mortecai, NE Mississippi
8 Jim King, NE Tennessee
9 Tim Vargas, Mobile
10 Harry Sadler, Cleveland
11 Tom Sparschu, Detroit
12 Dave Diljak, Madison-Beloit
12 Dan Crifase, Racine-Kenosha
13 Jess Hunter, Peoria
14 Gordon Holl, Lexington
14 Richard Alley, Indiana
14 Mike Kamp, St. Louis
16 Charles Burg, Iowa
17 Ray Wilsdorf, Tulsa
18 Steve Burke, Corpus Christi
18 Justin Kirby, Houston
18 Matt Richard, Corpus Christi
18 Ronnie Mercer, Houston
19 Arthur Schnitzer, Puget Sound
20 Patrick Bauman, New Mexico
20 Dave Traverso, Wyoming
21 George Moreno, L.A./Inland Empire
22 Brad Gasaway, Sacramento Valley
22 Will Childress, Sacramento Valley
Section Educator Award
1 Brendon Pequita, Central Mass./R.I
4 Donald Ellington, Carolina
4 Ric Rosenberger, Tidewater
4 Glen Muhle, Tidewater
4 Josh Hall, Triangle
4 Scott MacIntyre, Triangle
4 Samantha Vick, Triangle
4 Daniel Peck, Charlotte
4 Mike Bryant, SW Virginia
4 Troy Linkenhoker, SW Virginia
6 Kevin Auyer, Syracuse
6 Kate Cosden, Rochester
9 William Wilson, New Orleans
9 Arthur Savoy, Acadiana
9 Tommy Smith, Acadiana
9 John Easley, Baton Rouge
9 Craig Danzy, Central Louisiana
9 Steven Moore, Auburn-Opelika
9 Joseph James, Auburn-Opelika
10 Matthew Sargent, Mahoning Valley
10 Rich Powers, NW Pennsylvania
10 Mark Schreiber, Cleveland
10 Travis Crate, Drake Well
14 Jerry Burke, Louisville
14 Kevin Corgan, St. Louis
14 Eric Cooper, Indiana
14 Rick Ferguson, Indiana
14 Erin Fromson, Indiana
16 Jeff Mitchell, Eastern Iowa
20 Troy Miller,Wyoming
20 Elliott Hudspeth, Utah
20 Joe Sanchez, New Mexico
20 Jeremy Fielder, New Mexico
20 Jesse Holden, New Mexico
20 Joshua Heuerman, Colorado
20 Ryan Thomas, Colorado
21 George Moreno, L.A./Inland Empire
22 Trevor Robinson, Sacramento Valley
22 James Lee, Sacramento Valley
District Educator
1 Brendon Pequita, Central Mass./R.I.
2 Herbert Browne, New Jersey
3 Elisa Ramsey, Cumberland Valley
3 Sharon Bally, Reading
4 Walter Duke, Tidewater
4 Jamie Huffman, SW Virginia
5 Ron Vann, South Carolina
6 Richard Belair, Rochester
7 Charles Ford, Dayton
MEMBERSHIP ACTIVITIES District and Section Awards Presented in 2014
SOCIETY NEWS
SOCIETY NEWS
8 Jeff Hankins, NE Tennessee
8 Chris Renfro, Chattanooga
9 Justin Kolb, Mobile
9 Jimmy Goodson, New Orleans
10 Brenda Hadden, NW Pennsylvania
10 Steve Socher, NW Pennsylvania
13 W. Richard Polanin, Peoria
14 Robert Richwine, Indiana
16 Jeff Mitchell, Eastern Iowa
17 Ralph Johnson, Tulsa
17 Charles Griffin, Tulsa
17 Rodney Riggs, Tulsa
18 Cornelio Ontiveros, San Antonio
18 Drew Fontenot, Lake Charles
20 Alvin Allen, New Mexico
20 Jeff Klein, Colorado
22 Randy Emery, Fresno
22 Jay Davis, Sacramento Valley
Section CWI of the Year
2 Howard Miller, Philadelphia
2 John McDuell, Philadelphia
4 Carl Harris, Triangle
4 Jimmy Long, Triangle
4 Robert Long, Triangle
4 Mark Gilbert, SW Virginia
5 Gregg Hoffman, N. Central Florida
6 Bob Barber, Northern New York
6 Bob Campbell, Syracuse
7 Michael Hamon, Tri-State
8 Daniel Conner, NE Tennessee
8 Michael Morris, Nashville
8 Franklin Woodruff, NE Mississippi
8 Garth Land, Chattanooga
8 Jim Higdon, Greater Huntsville
8 Larry Craig, Chattanooga
9 Aubrey Baudean, New Orleans
9 Terrance Taylor, Mobile
9 Barry Bernard, Acadiana
9 Perry Terriot, Baton Rouge
9 Dale Delaville, New Orleans
9 Willie Rollins, Morgan City
10 Jeff Andrews, Mahoning Valley
10 John Stempka, NW Pennsylvania
10 Richard Harris, Cleveland
10 John Fedents, NW Pennsylvania
14 James Cashdollar, St. Louis
14 Steve Stutz, St. Louis
14 Walter Krahl, St. Louis
14 Barry Jackson, Lexington
14 Peter Anderson, Louisville
14 Adrian Morrical, Louisville
14 Jeff Elliott, Mississippi Valley
14 Nathan Lansing, Mississippi Valley
14 Josiah Miller, Indiana
14 Jason Trosen, Indiana
15 Mike Carey, Northwest
16 Steve Redig, Iowa
17 Richard Howard, Tulsa
17 Ray Wilsdorf, Tulsa
17 Jerry Bonebrake, East Texas
17 Wesley Manley, Oklahoma City
17 Jimmy Brewer, Central Arkansas
18 Michael Martinez, San Antonio
18 Chris Long, Corpus Christi
18 Mike Stuckey, Sabine
18 Chris Pickett, Lake Charles
20 David Urban, Colorado
20 Eric Warren, Colorado
20 Virgil Simoens, Colorado
20 John Shulte, Colorado
20 Chad Spritzer, Colorado
20 Craig Rich, New Mexico
20 Dick Bingham, New Mexico
20 Chris Smith, New Mexico
20 Silverio Sotelo, Utah
20 Jared Mortensen, Utah
20 Kirk Webb, Idaho/Montana
20 Russell Rux, Wyoming
22 Jack Fife, Sacramento Valley
22 Brad Bosworth, Fresno
District CWI of the Year
2 Mike Chomin, New Jersey
2 Joseph Decker, New Jersey
4 Jason Shotwell, NE Carolina
4 Chris Holloman, NE Carolina
4 Paul Miller, Tidewater
4 Sergey Kobelev, Carolina
4 Jay Manning, Triangle
4 David Kincaid, SW Virginia
4 David Owens, SW Virginia
5 Gale Mole, South Carolina
5 Don Whitman, South Carolina
5 Kevin Rawlins, Columbia
5 James Scott, South Florida
5 David Ennis, Atlanta
6 Bill Davis, Syracuse
6 Richard Belair, Rochester
8 Gary Gammill, NE Mississippi
8 Jason West, Chattanooga
9 Cleveland Rhodes Jr., Mobile
9 Donald Berger, New Orleans
9 Robert Bennefield, New Orleans
10 Richard Harris, Cleveland
10 Ernie Benway, Cleveland
12 Karen Gilgenbach, Milwaukee
13 Jesse Hunter, Peoria
14 Bennie Flynn, Indiana
14 Vince Suria, St. Louis
16 Steve Redig, Iowa
17 Ralph Johnson, Tulsa
18 Scott Witkowski, Houston
18 Bill Vincent, Lake Charles
20 Bill Johnson, Wyoming
20 Wade Lutz, Colorado
22 Bill Wenzel, Sacramento Valley
22 Kent Baucher, Fresno
Section Private Sector Instructor
4 Dave Finke, Tidewater
4 Jenord Alston, Tidewater
4 Christopher Moody, Tidewater
4 Ryan Foster, Tidewater
4 Wayne Johnson, SW Virginia
4 David Owens, SW Virginia
4 Steve Martin, SW Virginia
4 Bryan Shirley, NE Carolina
10 John Monroe, Mahoning Valley
10 Ben Tressler, NW Pennsylvania
10 Mike Wyland, Cleveland
14 John Biama, St. Louis
14 James Schuette, St. Louis
14 Danny Roberts, Lexington
14 Gary Dugger, Indiana
14 David Leapley, Indiana
16 Eric Cox, Iowa
17 Jim Goetz, Ozark
18 Morris Weeks, Sabine
18 Barry Burant, Houston
18 Horace Keith Hyatt, Lake Charles
18 Sonny Vela, San Antonio
18 Robert Quinones, San Antonio
20 Robert Udy, Utah
20 Justin Forni, New Mexico
20 Carl Montoya, New Mexico
20 Leland Shannon, Colorado
20 Russ Cunduff, Colorado
22 Dave Zubia, Sacramento Valley
District Private Sector Instructor
4 Craig Lane, NE Carolina
4 Nathan Minnix, SW Virginia
5 Gilly Burrion, South Florida
5 Greg Hofmann, N. Central Florida
8 Sam Davis, Chattanooga
8 William Johnson, Chattanooga
9 Aaron Castronova, Mobile
10 Carl Hoes, Cleveland
10 Joe Kolasa, Cleveland
14 Jim Hunt, St. Louis
14 Robert Richwine, Indiana
16 Eric Cox, Iowa
18 J. W. Ralls, Corpus Christi
18 Andre Horn, Houston
20 Michael Heaton, Colorado
20 Nick Hefner, Wyoming
22 Carlos Shelton, Sacramento Valley
Dist. Director Awardees Named
Ken Johnson, Dist. 19 director, has
nominated the following for the Dis-
trict Director Award: Jay Dwight, own-
er, Dwight Co., Inc.; Jeff Owen, busi-
ness manager, Local UA 32; Marty Yel-
lam, Shipyards and Municipalities
Agent, Local UA 32; Frank Foti, presi-
dent and owner, Vigor Industrial; Sue
Haley, SVP Human Resources, Vigor In-
dustrial; Wendy Price, dean of work-
force education, South Seattle College;
and Gary Oerti, president, South Seat-
tle College.
The District Director Award recog-
nizes individuals who have contributed
their time and effort to the affairs of
their local AWS Section and/or District.
SECTION NEWS
Sustaining Companies
California Training Facility
Hwy. 101 N., Soledad, CA 93960
Representative: Michael Valdez
Ironwood State Prison
19005 Wiley's Well Rd.
Blythe, CA 92226
Representative: Michael Valdez
Pensacola State College
Century Center
440 E. Hecker Rd., Century, FL 32535
Representative: Rafael Deliz
www.pensacolastate.edu
Twin Peaks, Inc.
3739 30th St.
Long Island City, NY 11101
Representative: Fereshteh Hajihassani
www.twinpeakstesting.com
Supporting Companies
Alliance Laundry Systems
221 Shepard St., Ripon, WI 54971
D&L Weld, Inc.
301 Wilson St.
Martinsburg, WV 25401
Specialty Fab, Inc.
11950 South Ave.
North Lima, OH 44452
Source Company for Training and
Development (SCTD)
Al-Jadrya St. Lead to Baghdad
University, Baghdad 00964, Iraq
Affiliate Companies
Advanced Steel and Crane, Inc.
6420 S. 39 West Ave., Tulsa, OK 74132
Air Services
17520 Engle Lake Dr., AD, F
Middleburg Heights, OH 44130
Acro Industries
554 Colfax St., Rochester, NY 14606
Brewer Welding & Fabrication, Inc.
7301 Delta Ln., Charlotte, NC 28215
HB McClure Co.
600 S. 17th St., Harrisburg, PA 17104
Intl Corp. of Safety in Drilling
Republica del Salvador y Shyris Edif
Dygoil of C 4C, Quito 170150
Ecuador
J R Custom Metal Products
2237 S. West St. Ct.
Wichita, KS 67213
Manndyco Welding Solution
1215 Lonnie Raker Ln.
Crawfordville, FL 32327
Phase II
21 Industrial Ave.
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Precision Industrial Contractors
10275 E. 106th Ave., Brighton, CO
80601
Precision Steel Mfg. Corp.
1723 Seibel Dr., Roanoke, VA 24012
SCon, Inc.
8326 W. Hwy. 21, Bryan, TX 77807
Safe Harbor Access System
211 N. Koppers Rd.
Florence, SC 29506
State of the Arc Welding
and Fabricating
72 S. Broad St., Bangor, PA 18013
TSG North America LLC
608 Cypress Ave., Venice, FL 34285
Willerding Acquisition Co.
1270 W. Terra Ln.
OFallon, MO 63366
Educational Institutions
Butler County ATC
178 Academic Way, Ste. 400
Morgantown, KY 42261
River Parishes Community College
9695 Airline Hwy.
Sorrento, LA 70778
Shepherd High School, Shepherd ISD
1401 Byrd Ave., Shepherd, TX 77371
Streator Township High School
202 W. Lincoln Ave.
Streator, IL 61364
Wasatch High School
930 S. 500 E., Heber City, UT 84032
AWS Member Counts
September 1, 2014
Sustaining.................................591
Supporting................................351
Educational...............................692
Affiliate.....................................584
Welding Distributor ...................50
Total Corporate ......................2,268
Individual ............................59,993
Student + Transitional............10,003
Total Members....................69,996
New AWS Supporters
MGM Campaign Update
Listed are the Aug. 21 point standings
for the members participating in the Mem-
ber-Get-A-Member campaign that runs
from Jan. 1Dec. 31, 2014.
Participants receive 5 points for each
Individual and 1 point for every Student
Member recruited. See page 177 for cam-
paign rules and a prize list. For questions
about your point status, call the Member-
ship Dept. (800/305) 443-9353, ext. 480.
J. Morris, Mobile 230
M. Pelegrino, Chicago 40
R. Barber, East Texas 30
A. Stute, Madison-Beloit 28
D. Ebenhoe, Kern 25
D. Mandina, New Orlean 25
J. Mckenzie, Detroit 25
E. Ramsey, Cumberland Valley 24
S. Miner, San Francisco 22
J. Foley, Pittsburgh 21
C. Bridwell, Ozark 20
D. Galiher, Detroit 19
D. Lynnes, Northern Plains 19
R. Munns, Utah 19
M. Haggard, Inland Empire 19
J. Kline, Northern New York 18
D. Saunders, Lakeshore 18
G. Smith, Lehigh Valley 17
A. Theriot, New Orleans 17
R. Zabel, Southeast Nebraska 17
R. Farquhar, Cleveland 15
J. Tso, L.A./Inland Empire 15
R. Eckstein, Northwest 14
C. Lariche, Cleveland 14
J. Russell, Fox Valley 14
R. Polito, Spokane 13
C. Wolfman, Sacramento 12
C. Ortega, North Texas 11
SOCIETY NEWS
SOCIETY NEWS
District 1
Thomas Ferri, director
(508) 527-1884
thomas_ferri@victortechnologies.com
BOSTON
July 14
Activity: The AWS Image of Welding
Small Business Award for 2013 was
presented to Bay State Industrial
Welding and Fabrication, Hudson,
N.H., by Tom Ferri, Dist. 1 director.
Owner Rick McCartney and Bridget
McCartney, sales and marketing man-
ager, received the award. The compa-
ny donated its time and materials to
construct the Benson Park 9/11 Me-
morial, and teamed up with Building
Dreams for Marines to renovate
homes for local Marines who needed
modified accommodations after suf-
fering war-related injuries. The com-
pany also offers intern opportunities
to local welding students to stimulate
their interest in pursuing careers in
the field.
CENTRAL MASS./
RHODE ISLAND
July 21
Activity: The board members attend-
ed the grand opening of the Ship-
building/Marine Trades and Advanced
Manufacturing Institute (SAMI) held
at New England School of Technology
in Warwick, R.I. Section Vice Chair
Tim Kinnaman is welding training co-
ordinator and lead instructor at the
Institute and a CWI. The SAMI pro-
gram is partnered with General Dy-
namics Electric Boat Division, Senesco
Marine, Rhode Island Marine Trades
Association, and other employers in
the state to recruit and train workers
for jobs in these industries. Tom Ferri,
Dist. 1 director, presented Kinnaman
the Section Meritorious Award.
District 2
Harland W. Thompson, director
(631) 546-2903
harland.w.thompson@us.ul.com
District 3
Michael Wiswesser, director
(610) 820-9551
mike@welderinstitute.com
District 4
Stewart A. Harris, director
(919) 824-0520
stewart.harris@altec.com
District 5
Carl Matricardi, director
(770) 356-2107
cmatricardi@aol.com
District 6
Kenneth Phy, director
(315) 218-5297
kenneth.phy@gmail.com
District 7
Uwe Aschemeier, director
(786) 473-9540
uwe@miamidiver.com
BOSTON From left are Image of Welding Award winners Rick McCartney and Brid-
get McCartney with Tom Ferri, Dist. 1 director.
CENTRAL MASS./RHODE ISLAND From left are District 1 Director Tom Ferri, Vice
Chair Tim Kinnaman, Al Caron, and Douglas Desrochers, Dist. 1 deputy director.
NASHVILLE Members are shown at the planning meeting in August.
SECTION NEWS
SOCIETY NEWS
District 8
D. Joshua Burgess, director
(931) 260-7039
djoshuaburgess@gmail.com
NASHVILLE
August 14
Activity: Section members met at
World Testing in Nashville, Tenn., to
plan activities for the coming year.
Chair David Porter discussed business
presented at the District 8 conference.
District 9
George Fairbanks Jr., director
(225) 473-6362
ts@bellsouth.net
District 10
Robert E. Brenner, director
(330) 484-3650
bobren28@yahoo.com
MAHONING VALLEY
August 1
Activity: The Section held its 39th an-
nual Jim Best Memorial golf tourna-
ment at Knoll Run Golf Course in
Lowellville, Ohio. Organizing the
event were Golf Committee Chair Carl
Ford and Jim Rach. Tom Lapikas
made a 160-yard hole in one on a par-
3 hole.
District 11
Robert P. Wilcox, director
(734) 721-8272
rwilcox1@ford.com
DETROIT
April 29
Speaker: Brendan Kenyon, product de-
velopment engineer
Affiliation: Stanley Engineered Fas-
tening, Infastech Decorah
Topic: Drawn arc stud/nut welding
Activity: The Section met at the Stan-
MAHONING VALLEY Shown from left are Jim Rach, Tyler Goulding, Chair Chuck
Moore, and Carl Ford.
Golightly Vocational School Student Chapter Student Chapter members are shown
at their chartering ceremony.
DETROIT Attendees are shown at the April training program.
ley Engineered Fastening facility in
Novi, Mich., where Kenyon presented
a lecture and demonstrations of the
basics, design, and applications of the
drawn arc stud/nut welding process
for automotive and construction ap-
plications. The charter for the Detroit
Section-sponsored Golightly Voca-
tional School Student Chapter was
approved, with Jeffry Hill, advisor.
July 24
Activity: The Detroit Section held its
annual golf outing at Northville Hills
Golf Club. The event raised more
than $6000 for the Sections scholar-
ship fund.
District 12
Daniel J. Roland, director
(920) 241-1542
daniel.roland@airgas.com
SECTION NEWS
SECTION NEWS
SAN ANTONIO Shown at the CWI seminar are from left (front row) Henry Ottino, Odumosu Francis, Larry Aikins, Juan Moreno,
Carol Lawrence, Herberto Franco, and Tim Hedrick; (middle row) Bob Manning, Luca Albelice, Keith Rose, Phillip Riley, Guny Reynolds,
Tracy Williamson, Ryan Bravence, Ed Hartman, Dan Whornham, Thomas Judkins, Michael Rothe, Alvaro Pla, and Chuck Ageubroad;
(top row) Chris (John) Covey, Rick DeVries, Joshua Archie, Raymond Duran, Joseph Long, Tad Stallings, Warren Goldshine, and Instruc-
tor Ron Theiss. Photo by Chair Cornelio Ontiveros.
CHICAGO From left are Cliff Iftimie, Marty Vondra, Craig Tichelar, Bob Zimny, Chair Erik Purkey, Lisa Moran, and Jeff Stanczak.
District 13
John Willard, director
(815) 954-4838
kustom_bilt@msn.com
CHICAGO
July 17
Activity: The Sections board mem-
bers met to finalize its by-laws. Par-
ticipating were Chair Erik Purkey,
Lisa Moran, Jeff Stanczak, Bob Zim-
ny, Craig Tichelar, Marty Vondra, and
Cliff Iftimie. The meeting was held at
Gordon Biersch Restaurant in Boling-
brook, Ill.
District 14
Robert L. Richwine, director
(765) 606-7970
rlrichwine2@aol.com
District 15
David Lynnes, director
(701) 365-0606
dave@learntoweld.com
District 16
Karl Fogleman, director
(402) 677-2490
fogleman3@cox.net
District 17
Jerry Knapp, director
(918) 224-6455
jerry.knapp@gasandsupply.com
District 18
John Stoll, director
(713) 724-2350
John.Stoll@voestalpine.com
SAN ANTONIO
August 22
Activity: The Section hosted a certi-
fied welding inspector (CWI) training
seminar for 28 attendees. Ron Theiss,
a senior CWI, taught the class.
District 19
Ken Johnson, director
(425) 957-3553
kenneth.johnson@vigorindustrial.com
District 20
Pierrette H. Gorman, director
(505) 284-9644
phgorma@sandia.gov
District 21
Nanette Samanich, director
(702) 429-5017
nan07@aol.com
SOCIETY NEWS
AWCIWT Student Chapter Participants are shown at the workshop presented to train aerospace welding instructors.
SECTION NEWS
AWCIWT Student Chapter
July 16
Activity: Chapter Advisor Samuel
Colton and Prof. Emeritus Curtis
Casey taught a welding instructor
workshop held during the University
of Arizona Career Technical Educa-
tion Conference in Tucson. The topic
was gas tungsten arc welding in com-
pliance with AWS D17.1, Specification
for Fusion Welding for Aerospace Appli-
cations. The procedures were demon-
strated and X-ray inspected. Support
was provided by Buddy May, advisor
for the Mohave C. C. Student Chap-
ter; John Weber, Lincoln Electric Dis-
trict Manager; Jerome Siko, CAID In-
dustries, Inc., of Tucson; Phoenix
Welding Supply; Vern Lewis Welding
Supply, and Arizona Western College
Institute of Welding Technology (AW-
CIWT) Student Chapter members.
The Student Chapter, based in Yuma,
Ariz., is with the San Diego Section.
District 22
Kerry E. Shatell, director
(925) 866-5434
kesi@pge.com
CENTRAL VALLEY
July 24
Speaker: Robert Topete, training di-
rector
Affiliation: UA Local 246
Topic: Implementing apprentice pro-
grams
Activity: Following the talk, Topete
led the attendees on a tour of the
United Association of Plumbers and
Pipe Fitters Local 246 Apprentice
Training Center in Fresno, Calif.
SACRAMENTO VALLEY
July 31
Activity: The Section held a study
group for the CWI exam at the Sacra-
mento Courtyard Marriott in Sacra-
mento, Calif.
Attending were Mike Adams, Leo Ve-
lazquez, Chelsey Morris, Paul Farin-
ha, and Kevin Krusi.
CENTRAL VALLEY Shown from left are Vice Chair Randy Emery, Training Director
Robert Topete, and Chair Greg Hockert.
SACRAMENTO VALLEY Shown clockwise are Mike Adams, Leo Velazquez, Chelsey
Morris, Paul Farinha, and Kevin Krusi.
8669 NW 36th St., #130
Miami, FL 33166-6672
(800/305) 443-9353; Fax: (305) 443-7559
Phone extensions are in parentheses.
AWS PRESIDENT
Dean Wilson . . . deanwilsonaws@gmail.com
Welldean Enterprises
151 Oak Tree Cir., Glendora, CA 91741
ADMINISTRATION
Executive Director
Ray Shook.. rshook@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(210)
Senior Associate Executive Director
Cassie Burrell.. cburrell@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . .(253)
Chief Financial Officer
Gesana Villegas.. gvillegas@aws.org . . . . . . . .(252)
Chief Technology Officer
Dennis Harwig..dharwig@aws.org . . . . . . . . .(213)
Chief Information Officer
Emilio Del Riego..edelriego@aws.org . . . . . . .(247)
Associate Director of Board and
Executive Director Services
Alex Diaz.. adiaz@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(294)
Administrative Services
Managing Director
Jim Lankford.. jiml@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(214)
Director
Hidail Nuez..hidail@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . . .(287)
HUMAN RESOURCES
Director
Gricelda Manalich.. gricelda@aws.org . . . . . .(266)
Associate Director
Patrick Henry..phenry@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . .( 211)
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WELDING
Senior Coordinator
Sissibeth Lopez . . sissi@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . .(319)
Liaison services with other national and inter-
national societies and standards organizations.
GOVERNMENT LIAISON SERVICES
Hugh Webster . . . . . . . . . . . . . .hwebster@wc-b.com
Webster, Chamberlain & Bean, Washington, D.C.
(202) 785-9500; F: (202) 835-0243.
Monitors federal issues of importance to the
industry.
CONVENTION AND EXPOSITIONS
Director, Convention and Meeting Services
Matthew Rubin.....mrubin@aws.org . . . . . . . .(239)
ITSA INTERNATIONAL THERMAL
SPRAY ASSOCIATION
Senior Manager and Editor
Kathy Dusa....kathydusa@thermalspray.org . .(232)
RWMA RESISTANCE WELDING
MANUFACTURING ALLIANCE
Management Specialist
Keila DeMoraes....kdemoraes@aws.org . . . . . .(444)
WEMCO ASSOCIATION OF WELDING
MANUFACTURERS
Management Specialist
Keila DeMoraes....kdemoraes@aws.org . . . . . .(444)
BRAZING AND SOLDERING
MANUFACTURERS COMMITTEE
Stephen Borrero..sborrero@aws.org . . . . . . . .(334)
GAWDA GASES AND WELDING
DISTRIBUTORS ASSOCIATION
Executive Director
John Ospina.. jospina@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . .(462)
Operations Manager, GAWDA
Natasha Alexis.. nalexis@aws.org . . . . . . . . . .(401)
INTERNATIONAL SALES
Managing Director of North American Sales
Joe Krall..jkrall@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(297)
Manager of Sales Operations
Lea Paneca..lea@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(220)
Corporate Director, International Sales
Jeff Kamentz..jkamentz@aws.org . . . . . . . . . .(233)
Oversees international business activities;
certification, publications, and membership.
PUBLICATION SERVICES
Dept. information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(275)
Managing Director
Andrew Cullison.. cullison@aws.org . . . . . . . .(249)
Welding Journal
Publisher
Andrew Cullison.. cullison@aws.org . . . . . . . .(249)
Editor
Mary Ruth Johnsen.. mjohnsen@aws.org . . .(238)
National Sales Director
Rob Saltzstein.. salty@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . .(243)
Society and Section News Editor
Howard Woodward..woodward@aws.org . . . .(244)
Welding Handbook
Editor
Annette OBrien.. aobrien@aws.org . . . . . . . .(303)
MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS
Director
Lorena Cora.. lcora@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(417)
Public Relations Manager
Cindy Weihl..cweihl@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . . .(416)
Webmaster
Jose Salgado..jsalgado@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . .(456)
Section Website Editor
Henry Chinea...hchinea@aws.org . . . . . . . . . .(452)
MEMBER SERVICES
Senior Associate Executive Director
Cassie Burrell.. cburrell@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . .(253)
Director
Rhenda Kenny... rhenda@aws.org . . . . . . . . . .(260)
Serves as a liaison between members and
AWS headquarters.
CERTIFICATION SERVICES
Managing Director
John Gayler.. gayler@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . . .(472)
Oversees all certification activities.
Director, Certification Operations
Terry Perez..tperez@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(470)
Application processing, renewals, and exams.
Director, Accreditation Programs
Linda Henderson..lindah@aws.org . . . . . . . . .(298)
Oversees the development of new certifica-
tion programs, AWS-Accredited Test Facilities,
and AWS Certified Welding Fabricators.
EDUCATION SERVICES
Director, Operations
Martica Ventura.. mventura@aws.org . . . . . .(224)
Director, Development and Systems
David Hernandez.. dhernandez@aws.org . . . .(219)
AWS AWARDS, FELLOWS, COUNSELORS
Senior Manager
Wendy Sue Reeve.. wreeve@aws.org . . . . . . . .(293)
TECHNICAL SERVICES
Managing Director
Technical Services Development & Systems
Andrew Davis.. adavis@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . .(466)
International Standards Activities, American
Council of the International Institute of Welding
Director, Operations
Annette Alonso.. aalonso@aws.org . . . . . . . . .(299)
Technical Activities Committee, Welding
Qualification
Manager, Safety and Health
Stephen Hedrick.. steveh@aws.org . . . . . . . . .(305)
Metric Practice, Safety and Health, Joining
of Plastics and Composites, Personnel and Facili-
ties Qualification, Mechanical Testing of Welds
Program Managers II
Stephen Borrero... sborrero@aws.org . . . . . . .(334)
Brazing and Soldering, Brazing Filler Metals
and Fluxes, Brazing Handbook, Soldering Hand-
book, Definitions and Symbols, Structural Sub-
committees on Bridge Welding, Stainless Steel,
and Reinforcing Steel
Rakesh Gupta.. gupta@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . .(301)
Filler Metals and Allied Materials, Interna-
tional Filler Metals, UNS Numbers Assignment,
Arc Welding and Cutting Processes, Computeri-
zation of Welding Information
Brian McGrath .... bmcgrath@aws.org . . . . . .(311)
Structural Welding, Welding in Marine Con-
struction, Piping and Tubing
Program Managers
Efram Abrams.. eabrams@aws.org . . . . . . . . .(307)
Automotive, Resistance Welding, Machinery
and Equipment, Methods of Inspection
Chelsea Lewis.. clewis@aws.org . . . . . . . . . . . .(306)
Friction Welding, Oxyfuel Gas Welding and
Cutting, High-Energy Beam Welding, Robotics
Welding, Welding in Sanitary Applications
Jennifer Molin.. jmolin@aws.org . . . . . . . . . .(304)
Sheet Metal Welding, U.S. TAG for ISO/TC
44/WG4, Welding and Brazing in Aerospace, Ti
and Zr Filler Metals, Joining of Metals and Alloys
Jennifer Rosario.. jrosario@aws.org . . . . . . . .(308)
Railroad Welding, Thermal Spraying, Weld-
ing Iron Castings, Welding Qualification
AWS FOUNDATION, INC.
www.aws.org/w/a/foundation
General Information
(800/305) 443-9353, ext. 212, vpinsky@aws.org
Chairman, Board of Trustees
Gerald Uttrachi
Executive Director, Foundation
Sam Gentry.. sgentry@aws.org. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (331)
Corporate Director, Workforce Development
Monica Pfarr.. mpfarr@aws.org. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (461)
Associate Director of Scholarships
Vicki Pinsky.. vpinsky@aws.org. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (212)
The AWS Foundation is a notforprofit 501(c)(3) chari
table organization established to provide support for
the educational and scientific endeavors of the Ameri
can Welding Society. Promote the Foundations work
with your financial support.
Guide to American Welding Society
Services
Vulcanium Metals Taps
Aerospace Manager
Vulcanium Met-
als International,
LLC, Northbrook,
Ill., has hired Kim
Peko as aerospace
business develop-
ment manager.
Peko brings more
than ten years of
experience in the
industry, specializ-
ing in titanium ap-
plications for air-
frame and engines.
Lincoln Appoints VP
The Lincoln Elec-
tric, Co., Cleveland,
Ohio, has named
Jennifer Ansberry
vice president,
deputy general
counsel. The posi-
tion includes lead-
ership of the com-
panys environment
al, health, and safe-
ty organization,
and leading por-
tions of the compa-
nys legal function including global
mergers, acquisitions, and general cor-
porate legal matters. Since 2004, Ans-
berry has served as deputy general
counsel.
Holdren Heads ARC Specialties
Welding Consultants
Richard Holdren
has accepted the
position of presi-
dent, Welding Con-
sultants, Inc., based
in Columbus, Ohio.
The company will
operate as an inde-
pendent subsidiary
under ARC Special-
ties, Inc., Houston,
Tex., a supplier of
automated welding
systems. Holdren
previously served as a senior welding
engineer at ARC Specialties. He is an
AWS Senior Certified Welding Inspec-
tor and 20-year member and recent
chair of the AWS Technical Activities
Committee. He also serves on the
AWS B1, B5K, and D20 Committees
and currently chairs the A2B Subcom-
mittee on Terms and Definitions.
3M Names Safety VP
3M, St. Paul, Minn., has named
Jose Varela vice president and general
manager of the Personal Safety divi-
sion, to oversee its safety-related busi-
ness operations worldwide. Varela pre-
viously served as managing director of
3M Brazil.
SMDI Makes Staff Changes
The Steel Mar-
ket Development
Institute (SMDI),
Detroit, Mich., has
named Jody N. Hall
to succeed Ronald
P. Krupitzer as vice
president automo-
tive market. Hall
previously was
technical integra-
tion engineer at the
General Motors Co.
Global Body Manu-
facturing Engineering Center.
Krupitzer, who held the post for 13
years, plans to retire at the end of the
year.
PFERD Hires Applications
Specialist
PFERD, Inc.,
Leominster, Mass.,
a supplier of abra-
sive products, pow-
er tools, and brush-
es, has appointed
Sean Lindley as ap-
plications specialist
for Louisiana and
Texas, based in
Houston, Tex., with
occasional assign-
ments in Arkansas
and Oklahoma.
Previously, Lindley worked in sales
and technical applications positions at
National Pump and Compressor, and
earlier as a captain in the U.S. Army.
Mathey Dearman Names Three
Factory Representatives
Mathey Dearman, Tulsa, Okla.,
which specialize in clamping devices
and cutting and beveling machines for
prepping pipe and tube for welding,
has hired three additional factory rep-
resentatives. Mark Campbell and Dave
Campbell were named to manage the
Woodstream Midwest Sales office, to
service accounts in Indiana, Kentucky,
Michigan, and Ohio. Dean Bridges was
named to join the South Central En-
terprises office, managed by Frank
Mazzella, to service accounts in Okla-
homa and northern and western
Texas.
Chief CFO Appointed at
Ergodyne
Ergodyne, St.
Paul. Minn., a
provider of per-
sonal safety ap-
parel and prod-
ucts, has hired
Sue Horvath as
chief financial
officer and vice
president of fi-
nance. Horvath,
a CPA and certi-
fied manage-
ment account-
ant, most recently served as chief fi-
nancial officer and VP of operations
for a medical device company.
Weaver Designates Industry
Practice Leaders
Weaver, Dallas-Ft. Worth, Tex., an
independent accounting firm, has ap-
pointed CPAs Dale Jensen and Brad
Jay as partners-in-charge for the oil
and gas industry; and the manufactur-
ing, distribution, and retail industry,
respectively. Jensen has 15 years and
Jay has 20 years of experience in the
industry-practice and consulting field.
PERSONNEL
Kim Peko
J. Ansberry
J. N. Hall
Sue Horvath
Sean Lindley
R. Holdren

See us at Fabtech booth # C3413
Software for:
Weld mapping, travelers, tracking, management
Welding procedures (WPS, PQR)
Welder qualihcations (WPQ and expiration dates)
NDE/NDT reporting
Nick Mossman
E: nick.mossman@twinorthamerica.com
P: 281-680-2000
W: www.twisoftware.com
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elding procedures (WPS, PQR)
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Obituary
Robert Paul Matteson
Robert Paul Matteson, 73, an AWS
Counselor, died Aug. 2 in Ozona, Fla.
After earning his electrical engineer-
ing degree at Georgia Tech, he joined
The Taylor Winfield Co. where he
worked for 49 years, serving as direc-
tor of technol-
ogy and prod-
uct develop-
ment. He held
patents for
several prod-
ucts, traveled
worldwide ne-
gotiating con-
tracts, and
presented nu-
merous lec-
tures and sem-
inars. An avid athlete, he participated
in many marathons and triathlons.
Matteson was active in the American
Welding Society and the Galvanizers
Association. He volunteered his serv-
ices on many Resistance Welding
Manufacturing Alliance (RWMA) tech-
nical committees and as a teacher in
the Resistance Welding School.
WJ
R. P. Matteson
nylon and rubberized antislip fabric to
keep the load in place.
SC Products, Inc.
www.juglugger.com
(302) 6551255
Boot Cleaner Incorporates
Gripper Cleats
The Mud-
Flinger, a
portable boot
cleaner, is
part of the
companys
line of prod-
ucts that in-
cludes brush-
es, discs, and
cleaning sta-
tions for mud-
dy boots. The boot cleaner has gripper
cleats on the bottom to hold it in place
on any surface, including concrete,
wood, gravel, grass, or snow, while the
worker rubs his or her boots on a sur-
face with more than 150 tuff-flex
polymer cones that scrub every crack
and crevice of the soles. The product
has a lifetime guarantee.
MudKill
www.mudkill.com
(855) 6835455
Storage Bags Protect
Masks from Scratches
The Deluxe Full Mask Storage Bag
and Deluxe Helmet Storage Bag have a
polyester outer shell and fleece interi-
or. A breathable PVC mesh covering,
drawstring closure, and carry strap al-
low for easy transport. The Full Mask
Storage Bag is made with cotton outer
fabric and fleece inside. Respirator
Storage Bags are reusable and made of
10-mil polyester with a zipper closure.
Respirator and Equipment Carry Bags
come in two sizes and can be belt
mounted for carrying respirators,
gloves, and small tools.
Allegro Industries
www.allegrosafety.com
(800) 6223530
Pipe and Tube Nozzles Line
Offers More Choices
A line of high-pressure waterjet
nozzles for cleaning small pipes and
tubes features five styles and more
than 200 models with standard drill
patterns. Included are standard noz-
zles for applications requiring 15,000,
20,000, or 40,000 lb/in.
2
; multirow
and button nozzles for applications re-
quiring 15,000 lb/in.
2
; and evaporator
and rodder nozzles for applications re-
quiring 15,000 or 20,000 lb/in.
2
.
NLB Corp.
www.nlbcorp.com
(248) 6245555
Jaw Provides Gripping Surface
without Marring of Workpiece
Special Soft Top Jaws provide a
smooth gripping surface that holds
the workpiece snugly so it is not dam-
aged. The jaws, which can be produced
from 1018, 4140, 8620, 1045, A2,
stainless steel, aluminum, brass, or
plastic, are useful for second-operation
finishing work such as shafts, gear
blanks, wheel hubs, bearings, and ex-
tra-long workpieces that require spe-
cial attention and handling. Extra-
wide jaws are available for large-diam-
eter parts and serrated soft-top jaws
are available up to 10 in. in height.
Acme key style or square serrated-
style jaws can be produced up to 14 in.
in height.
Dillon Manufacturing, Inc.
www.dillonmfg.com
(800) 4281133
PERSONNEL
PRODUCT & PRINT
SPOTLIGHT
Aerospace Grade Welding
Alloys
Aimteks Aerospace-grade welding
alloys are approved for use in
all major aviation and defense
applications. Typical approvals in-
clude DFARS, Pratt & Whitney, GE,
Rolls Royce, and Honeywell. All
weld wire is individually Acromag
tested and ultrasonically cleaned.
Custom fag tagging, color coding,
packaging, and labeling is available.
Many exotic alloys in stock.
ISO9001/AS9100 quality system.
201 Washington St.
Auburn, MA 01501 USA
(508) 8325035
jkapur@aimtek.com
www.aimtek.com
Welding Skills 5th Editon
Welding Skills is an industry-leading
resource designed to provide the
essential knowledge and skill-building
exercises necessary to succeed in todays
welding industry. Tis easy-to-compre-
hend resource features hundreds of full-
color illustrations and application photos
to illustrate key concepts. Features of
this new edition include comprehensive
coverage of welding safety based on
ANSI/AWS Z49.1, expanded coverage of
pipe welding including modifed GMAW-
S, expanded coverage of essential metallurgy and the weldability
of ferrous and nonferrous metals, and updated coverage of weld
evaluation and testing methods.
American Technical Publishers
10100 Orland Parkway, Suite 200
Orland Park, IL 604675756
(708) 9571100 www.atplearning.com
Stainless Steel Alloy
Electrodes
Arcos Industries, LLC ofers
a 56-page brochure which
details the complete line of
premium bare wire, covered and
tubular electrode products for
welding stainless steel alloys.
Electrode classifcations, ap-
provals, applications, diameters,
typical mechanical properties
and chemical compositions
are included.
Arcos Industries, LLC
394 Arcos Drive
Mt. Carmel, PA 17851
(800) 2338460
Fax: (570) 3395206
www.arcos.us
RED HOT PRODUCT LISTINGS
(ADVERTISEMENTS) (ADVERTISEMENTS)
See us at FABTECH
booth C3240
TwinWire Arc Spray System
Spray a full range of pure metals,
alloys, cored wires, and carbides with
the Bay State Model 400 twin-wire
arc spray machine. With its light-
weight gun head and robust design,
this unit is operator friendly and
extremely reliable for a variety of
feld and shop applications. Any
electrically conductive wire can
be sprayed with the Model 400,
opening up a world of applications
including build-up, corrosion
protection, and wear resistance.
Bay State Surface Technologies, Inc.
201 Washington St.
Auburn, MA 01501 USA
(508) 8325035
jkapur@aimtek.com
www.baystatesurfacetech.com
Zipper Welder
Tank Fabricaton
Made Easy!
Bug-Os new track system
for welding vertical seams on
feld storage tanks. An easy
to use afordable system that
easily mounts to the top lip
of a tank, increases welding
production and incorporates
the MDS System, then quickly
glides to the next joint!
BugO Systems
161 Hillpointe Drive
Canonsburg, PA 15317
(800) 2453186
Fax: (412) 3310383
jwhite@weld.com
www.bugo.com
Modular Workstatons
Bluco Corporation will display
their line of Modular Worksta-
tions at FABTECH 2014. With
the ability to quickly set datum
locations within +/-.030 in. and
repeat setups within +/- .005 in.,
weldments are within tolerance
every time with no costly re-work
delays. Te workstations can be
used as stand-alone weld cells, or
for sub-weldments to feed work
to larger weld cells.
Bluco Corporaton
3500 Thayer Ct.
Aurora, IL 60504
(800) 5350135
www.bluco.com
Robotc Welding Cables,
Resistance Welding Cables,
Copper Laminated Shunts.
Power Leads For Welding,
Automaton, Robotcs,
MIG Guns
We have been serving the resist-
ance welding industry for more
than 50 years. We have a passion
for quality products, unbeatable
prices and exemplary delivery.
When you place an order with
Cal Manufacturing, you can expect to receive a product built by
professionals from top-quality materials and delivered to you with
time to spare. Same day shipping available.
CAL Manufacturing, Inc.
5500 East V Avenue
Vicksburg, MI 49097
Toll Free: (888) 2725446
www.calmfginc.com
(ADVERTISEMENTS)
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Safety. Budget. Accuracy.
We know that welder and procedure
qualifcations are costly, and mistakes in
documentation can translate into delays
in productivity. Our team draws from
manufacturing, consulting, and codes
and standards experience: we know that
we have to stay on top of our game so
you can stay on yours. Our customers
subscribe to our software because they
know with CEI, they get the entire pack-
age. Smart software. Serious service.
Its what we do.
www.thinkCEI.com
CEI
509 NW 5th Street
Blue Springs, MO 64014
(800) 4731976
Fax: (816) 2280680
Email: sales@thinkcei.com
New HandHeld
Weldscope WS100
Provides Complete
Resistance Welding
Process Control
Dengensha Americas new
hand-held Weldscope
WS-100 controls 15 moni-
toring functions and 3
selectable detection ranges. Users can monitor, measure, save and
print out welding current, cycle time and peak current from AC
and DC welders, single and three-phase welders, capacitor
discharge welders, AC seam welders, pulsation AC/DC welders,
and inverter welders.
Dengensha America Corp.
7647 First Place Drive
Bedford, OH 44146
(440) 4398081 Fax: (440) 4398217
sandrassy@dengensha.com
www.dengensha.com
NonMetallic Weld Backings
At Cerbaco we will provide you
with the proper weld backings
for your applications. Our
engineers will be happy to assist
you in implementing a backing
that will give you a fnished
quality, full penetration weld
from one side. Cerbaco weld
backings eliminate the need for
arc gouging and heavy grinding.
Cerbaco can also develop new
backings and formulations for your specifc needs. Cerbaco Ltd is
the one source for weld backings.
Cerbaco Ltd.
809 Harrison Street
Frenchtown, NJ 08825
(908) 9961333
Fax: (908) 9960023
www.cerbaco.com
TriMix is Superior Tungsten
Tri-Mix tungsten WS2 is non-
radioactive and ofers superior per-
formance in TIG and plasma welding
applications. It is blended with three
rare earth elements that scientifcally
balance the migration and evaporation
rates to extend service life with
increased number of arc starts and
fewer misfres. Its lower work function
requires less energy to start and also
runs cooler. FREE Tungsten Guide-
book and FREE samples available.
Diamond Ground Products, Inc.
2651 Lavery Court
Newbury Park, CA 91320
(805) 4983837 Fax: (805) 4989347
sales@diamondground.com
PreGround Welding Electrodes
Increase weld quality and productivity
with electrodes precision ground or
polished to your specifcation.
Benefts include reduced arc wander,
consistency of arc shape, superior arc
starting, longer electrode life and
elimination of tungsten inclusions
through reduction of electrode
spitting/shedding. Free samples of
preground electrodes and Tungsten
Guidebook available upon request.
2651 Lavery Court
(805) 4983837 Fax: (805) 4989347
Be sure to follow us on Facebook & Twiter!
(ADVERTISEMENTS)
See us at FABTECH booth A2944
See us at FABTECH
booth C2463
Why Use the NEW Piranha II
Tungsten Grinder?
Te best value in tungsten grinders
just got better! Not only can you
properly grind tungsten longitudinally
on high-quality diamond wheels, but
you can now grind tungsten as small as
34 in. Tis dedicated tungsten grinder
provides a 20Ra surface fnish that improves most aspects of weld-
ing applications, including tungsten life, arc starting, arc stability
and weld penetration. Te enclosed grinding area captures Tung-
sten dust for easy disposal and you can correctly and consistently
diamond grind tungsten up to 332 in. in less than 30 seconds. You
can learn more and see streaming video at DiamondGround.com
2651 Lavery Court
(805) 4983837 Fax: (805) 4989347
sales@diamondground.com www.diamondground.com
Be sure to follow us on Facebook and Twiter!
You're Paying Too Much For
Tungsten Grinding Wheels
DGP ofers a complete line of
high-quality, low-cost replacement
diamond grinding wheels for
nearly any tungsten electrode
grinder on the market. DGP grind-
ing wheels are in-stock, and ready
to ship immediately. Compare and
save today!
2651 Lavery Court
(805) 4983837
Fax: (805) 4989347
Be sure to follow us on Facebook
New LDSF Tool Slides
and Tooling
E.H. Wachs has developed a new
system of tool slides and tooling
used in conjunction with its Large
Diameter Split Frame (LDSF).
Consisting of a parting slide, radial
slide base with digital feed
indicators and pivot slide with cam,
these slides utilize the LDSF as a machining platform.
Tey ofer a complete portable machining solution ideal for large
vessel and steam generator projects.
E.H. Wachs
ITW Orbital Cutng & Welding
600 Knightsbridge Parkway
Lincolnshire, IL 60069 USA
(847) 5378800 info@ehwachs.com
www.ehwachs.com
(ADVERTISEMENTS)
Clean and Passivate Stainless Steel Welds with
Unique HighTemp Brush
Te TIG Brush Stainless
Steel Weld Cleaning System
creates a unique combina-
tion of electricity, heat and
chemistry to deliver
superior results in weld
cleaning, passivation and
metal surface fnishing. Its
proprietary, conductive brush applies cleaning fuid to the work
surface, producing an electrochemical cleaning action with
astoundingly fast and efective results.
Please visit our booth C3067
At FABTECH Atlanta for a FREE DEMO
Ensitech, Inc.
1005 N Commons Drive
Aurora, IL 60504
(630) 8512126
Online at TIGBrush.com
Fischer SUPER COUPON
Qualies all Thicknesses
Te Fischer SUPER COUPON
saves money and time by
replacing testing of both 2 in.
and 6 in. pipe coupons per
ASME Section IX,. It will
qualify a welder for ALL
thicknesses and ALL diameters
down to 1 in. OD. It is suitable
for bend testing or radiography. Various end preparations and
lengths are available. For these and other coupons, please visit
our website.
8220 Expansion Way
Dayton, OH 45424
(937) 7541750
Fax: (937) 7541754
www.scherengr.com
FISCHER DataCenter with FERITSCOPE FMP30
Te Fischer FERITSCOPE FMP30
confrms that your weld isnt going
to crack under heat or lose its
strength and corrosion resistance.
Tis handheld ferrite content
measurement device quickly and
easily determines if the ferrite
content in a weld can withstand mechanical stresses at high tem-
peratures. It identifes if the weld is susceptible to cracking under
tension or vibration by taking a quick measurement of the ferrite
content. Ferrite content too low, the weld could crack under heat;
ferrite content too high, the weld could lose its strength and
corrosion resistance. Te included DataCenter software comprises
all functions for the convenient transfer, evaluation and printing
of the measurement data from your FERITSCOPE FMP30.
Fischer Technology, Inc.
(800)2438417 (860)6888496
info@schertechnology.com www.schertechnology.com
New ORBmax Oxygen Analyzer
by Orbitalum
Orbitalum presents the ORBmax,
a 100% digital oxygen analyzer
that measures and monitors
oxygen particle count.
It eliminates uncontrolled,
unmonitored purging and the
assumption of acceptable oxygen
levels. With its maintenance free
optical sensor the ORBmax measures and records oxygen down to
0.0001% (1 PPM) to ensure highly repeatable, oxidation free welds.
E.H. Wachs
ITW Orbital Cutng & Welding
600 Knightsbridge Parkway
Lincolnshire, IL 60069 USA
(847) 5378800
info@ehwachs.com
www.ehwachs.com
The Gullco Pipe KAT
Te Gullco Pipe KAT is an auto-
mated orbital welding carriage
designed for pipe welding appli-
cations. Ideal for feld pipeline
manufacturing and power plant
construction, the Pipe KAT is a
fully integrated welding system.
A remote pendant is included
and allows adjustment of the critical application parameters during
the welding process including, oscillation width, speed, dwells, wire
feed speed and voltage adjustment. Te carriage operates on a
track band made of durable aluminum extrusion by engaging the
track with self-aligning wheels and a rack-and-pinion drive. Tis
wheel assembly uses a lever to engage that track, making it very
quick and simple to install the carriage. Te simple control design
has made the Pipe KAT one of the easiest pipe welding carriages
to operate on the market.
Contact us at ussales@gullco.com
Flexible New HGG MPC Cuts
Pipes, Square or Rectangular
Tubing and Flat Plate Proles
HGGS new Multi-Profle Cutting
Machine (MPC) provides a cost-
efective and fexible solution for
manufacturers with a wide range
of profling needs. Te MPC can
be confgured to cut a variety of
profle shapes, including pipes, box sections, angle bars, and fat
bars. By incorporating HGG ProCAM Software or other of-line
programming, user capabilities are multiplied. For more
information about HGG Profling Equipment and the new
Multi-Profle Cutting Machine (MPC) contact John Tutino.
HGG Proling Equipment
5519 Indigo Commons Way
Charleston, SC 29418
(330) 4616855
jt@hgggroup.com
(ADVERTISEMENTS)
H&M Pipe Beveling Machine Co.
311 East Third Street, Tulsa, OK 74120
(918) 5829984 Fax: (918) 5829989
info@hmpipe.com
hmpipe.com/machines
Saddle-Type Beveling Machine
H & Ms unique split horseshoe design permits easy placement
over pipe sections. A quick-operating boomer assembly securely
locks the machine to the pipe for an entire 360-degree rotation.
No repositioning is ever needed. H & Ms Cuboid Spacer System
keeps the spacers on the machine to minimize downtime.
See us at FABTECH
booth C2222
Band-Type Pipe Cutting and
Beveling Machine
Te H & M Band-Type Pipe Cutting and Beveling Machine is fast,
accurate and versatile. A single operator can position the band
and beveling machine head on 48-diameter pipe in about fve
minutes.Te H&M motorized beveling machinehead incorporates
a rugged, lightweight, cast aluminumchassis that is highly portable
(weighs only 18 pounds) and designed to work on all H&M
stainless steel bands.
H&M Pipe Beveling Machine Co.
311 East Third Street, Tulsa, OK 74120
(918) 5829984 Fax: (918) 5829989
info@hmpipe.com htp://hmpipe.com/machines
Welder Shaver
Heck Industries has added
a new hand held weld
shaver to their line of fabri-
cating equipment. Te new
weld shaver uses standard
carbide inserts in a milling
cutter to shave weld beads
fush to a work piece. Used
for cleaning butt welds and
corner welds. Te weld shaver will remove only the weld and not
damage surrounding materials such as conventional grinding of
joints. Te 2 horsepower Model WS-625 will quickly remove welds
at 6-8 feet per minute. For more information and a catalog please
contact Heck Industries.
Heck Industries
(800) 8865418
Fax: (810) 6326640
www.heckind.net See us at FABTECH booth C3422
Welding Classes and
Certcaton
Tis course catalog, available online
at www.welding.org, explains in
detail the wide range of welding
classes and certifcations ofered
by Hobart Institute of Welding
Technology. More than 25 separate
welding courses are described by
course objective, content, and
testing requirements. Also inside
the catalog are course schedules,
training rates, and enrollment
forms. Training and certifcation
may be done at our facility or yours.
Hobart Insttute of Welding Technology
400 Trade Square East
Troy, OH 45373
(800) 3329448 FAX: (937) 3329550
www.welding.org
Welding Training Curriculum Available
HIWT curriculum materials are
perfect for open entry/open exit
environments because theyre
modular. Since video modules are
designed to present core informa-
tion and model proper technique,
students entering your program
can work through the videos and
practice sessions independently,
with the aid of their workbooks
and coaching from you. Designed with input from welding instruc-
tors across the country. We consult with welding instructors across
the country during the development phase to make sure that our
curriculum materials do the job you need them to do. Put 80 years
of welding training experience to work for you.
Hobart Insttute of Welding Technology
400 Trade Square East, Troy, OH 45373
(800) 3329448 FAX: (937) 3329550
www.welding.org
(ADVERTISEMENTS)
New Line of Orbital Heads
Magnatech's 800 Series is a completely
new, ultra-slim, autogenous orbital
head design incorporating engineered
improvements based on 15 years of
feld experience with earlier models.
Six models span the size range of
0.125 in. to 6.625 in. (3mm - 168mm).
A chain drive replaces the earlier gear drive for positive propulsion
that is immune to damage by metal debris. Clamping force can
be optimally set with thumbscrew adjustments. Te new Heads
incorporate internal water-cooling, and the plastic body is
protected by replaceable ceramic shields against heat/UV damage.
New concept solid collets never wear out. Extended collets may be
used for superior workpiece alignment and ft up, not possible with
other heads.
Magnatech LLC
(860) 6532573 Fax: (860) 6530486
Email: info@MagnatechLLC.com
www.MagnatechLLC.com
Think Zinc
New from J.P. Nissen,
this zinc-rich touch-up
pen for galvanized
metal provides long
lasting galvanic pro-
tection, allowing for
feld repair of hot-dip
or spray galvanizing at
any point during the fabrication or instillation process without
costly and messy overspray. Te high-solid content resists chipping
fading or peeling.
J.P. Nissen Co.
P.O. Box 339
Glenside, PA 19038
(215) 8862025
Fax: (215) 8860707
Guidelines Low Odor
Layout Marker
New from J.P. Nissen, the
Guidelines Layout Marker.
Tis quick-drying, low-
odor formula, has been
specifcally designed to get
the same coverage as a 12 oz can of spray layout fuid without the
odor or mess. Te marker provides a clean low refection surface
for easy scribing and layout marking.
J.P. Nissen Co.
P.O. Box 339
Glenside, PA 19038
(215) 8862025
Fax: (215) 8860707
Welding Angle Magnets
Strong magnet attracts to any ferrous
metal object and leaves both hands free
to safely work on the project. Ideal for
fast setup and accurate holding for all
welding jobs.
Te arrow model covers 45, 90
and 135-degree welding angles
Te protractor model covers 30,
45, 60, 75 and 90-degree welding angles
747 S. Gilbert St.
Castle Rock, CO 80104
(888) 2939399
www.magnetsource.com
(ADVERTISEMENTS)
See us at FABTECH
booth B4567
Daihen 7
th
Axis Robot
Te new OTC DAIHEN FD-B4S Seventh-
Axis Robot allows incredible fexibility in
tight work areas, or for applications
such as small diameter circumferential
welding. Tis new robot will drastically
increase the degree of freedom for proper
torch angle allowing you to keep the arc
on longer and in the right position with-
out cable or fxture interference. Te FD-
B4S works seamlessly with OTC brand
positioners and peripheral devices to
further optimize torch to part position-
ing, and is available for GMAW, GTAW,
Plasma Welding, and Air Plasma Cutting
with OTC power sources.
OTC Daihen Inc.
1400 Blauser Drive, Tipp City, OH 45371
(937) 6670800
sales@daihenusa.com
www.daihenusa.com
UniCoatPro
TM
Plasma
FastPreciseEasy
Te new UniCoatPro Plasma is
the latest generation single process
controller platform from Oerlikon
Metco. It combines simple
operation with the latest
technology and safety features
into a compact unit. Designed for
use with conventional or cascading
arc (SinplexPro
TM
) plasma spray
guns. UniCoatPro Plasma is an
outstanding choice for spray shops
of all sizes.
Oerlikon Metco
(800) 6382699
Fax: (516) 3382414
info.metco@oerlikon.com
www.oerlikon.com/metco
Welding Electrodes Catalog
Select-Arc ofers an expanded
catalog that describes the
company's complete line of
premium fux cored and metal
cored carbon steel, low- alloy,
stainless steel, nickel alloy
and hardsurfacing welding
electrodes. Tis 100-page
catalog includes comparability
charts, welding parameters,
deposition rates, agency
approvals and Select-Arc
packaging options.
SelectArc, Inc.
600 Enterprise Drive
P.O. Box 259
Fort Loramie, OH 458450259
(800) 3415215 Fax: (888) 5115217
www.selectarc.com
(ADVERTISEMENTS)
(ADVERTISEMENTS)
FASTGROW CO2 Flowmeter
with Solenoid
Introducing Uniweld's latest innova-
tion: FAST-GROW CO
2
fowmeter
with Solenoid! A combination of a
regulator and a fowmeter in one unit,
this CO
2
fowmeter will increase the
plant growth up to 30% more!
Manufactured machined brass body,
1.5 in. easy to read double-scale gauge,
FAST-GROW can be calibrated to
50PSI outlet pressure at 70F.
Tis unit can also be ordered with a 15 ft. 3/16 in. hose for your
convenience. Stop by our booth at C2504 to see a FAST-GROW
sample and more innovative products from Uniweld.
Uniweld Products, Inc.
Ft. Lauderdale, FL
(954) 5842000
Email: info@uniweld.com
www.uniweld.com See us at FABTECH booth C2504
Bualo Grain Utlity Glove
Te IRONCAT Bufalo Leather
glove is made of quality bufalo
grain and cow split leather
back, with Kevlar stitching for
protection and strength in
high-heat applications. Back-
of-hand protection gives you
the highest dexterity and
protection for rolling cylinders
and light welding processes
including, MIG, TIG, and
spot welding.
West Chester Protectve Gear
11500 Canal Rd.
Cincinnat, OH 45241
(800) 6471900
www.westchestergear.com
Advanced Hardfacing
Products
Hardface Technologies
manufactures a wide
range of wear resistant
solutions, which fnd
application in a variety
of industries. Te
companys advanced
hardfacing products,
which have been engineered specifcally for high-wear
environments, are available through its worldwide distribution
network.
Postle Industries Inc.
Cleveland, OH 44142, USA
(216) 2659000
Fax: (216) 2659030
www.hardfacetechnologies.com
Bend and Make Your
Pipe Like the Pros!
Woodward Fab manual tube and pipe
benders are made from heavy-duty,
CNC-machined steel and allow you to
fabricate your own one-of-a-kind pieces.
Tey can bend up to 2 in. diameter pipe
with ease and have a 36 in. handle and
an engraved degree wheel for precision
bends every time. Simply clamp them
into your vise, mount them to your
bench top, or attach them to the
heavy-duty bender stand.
Woodward Fab
P.O. Box 425
Hartland, MI 48353
(800) 3915419
Fax: (810) 6326640
(ADVERTISEMENTS)
SKU# 9075 S2XL
TwoAxis Computer
Control Pipe Cuter
Te W-122 is a computer
controlled 2 axis pipe cut-
ting machine that enables
the operator to program
and link multiple cuts.
Te torch is manually set
for bevel angles and the
computer makes ofset
adjustments so the torch
automatically positions for the next cut. It comes complete with a
20 ft capacity bed with optional extension frames up to 50 ft., and
diameters from 1-inch pipe 1.31 in. O.D. to 12.750 in. O.D. Te pipe
is supported with transfer rolls that the operator positions to
support the cut pipe.
Wats Specialtes, Inc.
2323 East Pioneer, Suite A
Puyallup, WA 98372
(253) 8489288
sales@watsspecialtes.com See us at FABTECH booth C552
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Start Your Career with
Welder Training and
Testng Insttute
WTTI maintains a freestanding campus
equipped with sixty-fve multi-process
work stations for training in all major
welding processes. Our Nondestructive
Testing Institute ofers CWI and
various NDT courses. WTTIs Industrial
Services Division (ISD) provides weld certifcation services
through our AWS ATF and ISO 17025 Accredited Laboratory
with full capabilities in mechanical testing and NDT. WTTI also
manufactures and ships certifed test coupons and training
material, available for purchase in small or large quantities.
Welder Training and Testng Insttute
729 E. Highland Street
Allentown, PA 18109
(800)223WTTI
info@wt.edu See us at FABTECH booth A3049
Replacement Cartridge
Filters
Dust collector replacement
flters for all makes and
models - up to 50% of
standard OEM pricing and
will meet or exceed the
OEM specifcations. Manu-
factured right here in the
US. 100% performance
guarantee and ready to ship within 3 days. Standard 80/20 media,
nanofber media and spun bound polyester medias are available.
Industrial Maid
351 South 12th Road
Cortland, NE 68331
(877) 6243247
www.shop.industrialmaid.com
Computer Weld Technology, Inc.s SmartSensor
Te sensor will record and store
Arc Time
Weld Counter
Duty Cycle
Average Current and Arc-On Time
Average Volt, Wire Speed, Gas
Flow, Temperature and Travel
Speed
(Requires additional sensors)
Te sensor can store 1040 weld
summaries in internal NVRAM. Te Date/Time stamped
summaries may be downloaded via the Modbus Port.
Computer Weld Technology, Inc.
10702 Old Bammel N Houston Road
Houston, TX 77086 USA
(713) 4622118
Fax: (713) 4622503
www.cweldtech.com
GFM
Te next generation of Gas Flow
Monitor from Computer Weld
Technology, Inc. With a fow rate of
5 to 255 scfh and accuracy of
+/- 3% of full scale reading, the
convenience of the GFM enables
this welding tool to pay for itself
many times over. With two
confgurations ofered, make this a
part of your weld control process.
10702 Old Bammel N Houston Road
Houston, TX 77086 USA
(713) 4622118
Fax: (713) 4622503
www.cweldtech.com
MicroADM
Take your weld monitoring to the
next level. Tis easy to use sensor
provides part validation using weld
count, volume, AAD (accumulated
arc density) and total arc time. Fea-
tures include multi-tier testing
using advanced AAD algorithms,
a simple user I/O allowing the user
to identify testing levels and establish process limits. Using a single
input, the advanced learn mode will establish process control limits
and using the three levels of testing provides a pass/fail output.
10702 Old Bammel N Houston Rd.
Houston, TX 77086
(713) 4622118
Fax: (713) 4622503
www.cweldtech.com
Wire Usage Monitored
Where has all the wire gone?
Find out with the WireTrak. Te
WireTrak provides the necessary
data acquisition; signal processing
and communications frmware
allowing remote logging of your
wire utilization and actual
productivity rates. Te optional
WireLog Plus Software ofers the
ability to program, download data and communicate with multiple
WireTrak units. Te compact design permits ease of installation
in any GMAW application. Find out what the WireTrak can do
for you.
10702 Old Bammel N Houston Rd.
Houston, TX 77086
(713) 4622118
Fax: (713) 4622503
www.cweldtech.com
(ADVERTISEMENTS)
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Advertisers Logos
Thanks For Giving Us the
Opportunity to Serve You!
On behalf of the American Welding
Society, Welding Journal would like
to thank all of our advertisers for
supporting your Society and the
welding industry.
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CLASSIFIEDS
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
FOR SALE OR RENT
Rentals, Lease and Sales
1-866-733-3272
Welders
Weld
Automation
Generators
7
ne
1-866-7
Gen
CWI WITH MACHINING
INSPECTION EXPERIENCE WANTED
West Coast Utility needs a couple of
part-time, seasoned inspectors for
structural weld inspection and
machined component inspection over-
sight /verification. Prefer D1.5 cert.
Hands-on, experienced person. We
offer a competitive hourly wage for this
contract position. Travel in U.S.,
Canada, Europe, and Brazil likelyflex-
ible assignments. Good oral and writ-
ten communications skills required.
Must be willing and capable of owning
product compliance and quality.
Call Randy Roberts (415) 973-2768.
WELD INSPECTOR
AMEC, a leading engineering &
construction management consulting
business, is seeking a Weld Inspector in
Orlando, FL to perform weld
inspections in field/manufacturing
facilities. Requires 2+ yrs related
experience & current AWS Certified
Welding Inspector Certification (CWI).
Additional information can be
obtained from our website at
www.amec.com. Apply online at
www.amec.com/careers (search
keyword 20489). Contact
molly.mapes@amec.com with any
questions.
EOE AA M/F/Vet/Disability
SERVICES
Place Your Company Display
Ad or Classified Ad in the
Welding Journal!
Call the AWS sales team at:
(800) 443-9353
Sandra Jorgensen, ext. 254
sjorgensen@aws.org
Annette Delagrange, ext. 332
adelagrange@aws.org
Lea Paneca, ext. 220
lea@aws.org
CLASSIFIEDS
FOR SALE OR RENT (CONTINUED)
CERTIFICATION & TRAINING
JOE FULLER LLC
We manufacture tank turning rolls
3-ton through 120-ton rolls
www.joefuller.com
email: joe@joefuller.com
Phone: (979) 277-8343
Fax: (281) 290-6184
Our products are made in the USA
MITROWSKI RENTS
Made in U.S.A.
Welding Positioners
1Ton thru 60Ton
Tank Turning Rolls
Used Equipment for Sale
www.mitrowskiwelding.com
sales@mitrowskiwelding.com
(800) 218-9620
(713) 943-8032
CWI PREPARATORY
80+ HOUR COURSE
MORE HANDSON/PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
Houston, TX Oct. 617
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Baytown, TX Oct. 2031
Houma, LA Nov. 1021
+ Includes additional self study for weekend
FOR DETAILS CALL OR EMAIL:
(800) 4892890
info@realeducational.com
Also offering: RT Film Interpretation, MT/PT/UT
Thickness, CWS, SCWI,
Welding Procedure Fundamentals,
And Advanced Inspection Courses
2014
Professionals Sought for
IIW Training Courses
The American Welding Society, the
Gesellschaft fr Schweisstechnik
International (German Welding
Institute, GSI), and the National
Center for Welding Education and
Training (Weld-Ed) are seeking
candidates interested in obtaining the
IIW International Welding
Engineer or International Welding
Technologist diploma. Courses are
being planned that will blend
Internet-delivered training with class-
room training conducted in the United
States.
The 440-hour course will be offered
during the next two summers and
is designed to promote career
development for busy welding
professionals.
Please contact Jeff Hufsey at:
hufsey@aws.org for more details.
5% Nital Soluton
Show steel weld profle &
penetration depth. We
have other etching
solutions for stainless
steel & aluminum welds.
EtchantStore.com
CHRISTMAS CARDS
Over 35 Whimsical Welding
cards available at
pauloxmanpublishing.com/welding
1-800-228-0787

Hawkeye
Borescopes

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Abicor Binzel 39, 197
www.binzelabicor.com (800) 5424867
Aimtek, Inc. 40, 197
www.aimtek.com (800) 7720104
ALM Materials Handling Positioners 23
www.almmh.com (800) 5445438
American Technical Publishers 140, 197
www.atplearning.com (800) 3233471
American Torch Tip 20
www.AmericanTorchTip.com (800) 3428477
American Weldquip 118
www.weldquip.com (330) 2390317
ArcOne 125
www.arc1weldsafe.com (800) 2234685
Arcos Industries, LLC 137, 197, Inside Back Cover
www.arcos.us (800) 2338460
Astaras 1, 93
www.e3tungsten.com web contact only
AT & F Headquarters 138
www.atfco.com (216) 2521500
Atlas Welding Accessories, Inc. 139
www.atlaswelding.com (800) 9629353
AWS Certification Services 111, 113, 115
www.aws.org/certification/ (800) 4439353, ext. 273
AWS Education Services 124, 154, 164, 194, 196
www.aws.org/education/ (800) 4439353, ext. 455
AWS Foundation 6061
www.aws.org/foundation/ (800) 4439353, ext. 250
AWS Membership Services 150, 158, 410s
www.aws.org/membership/ (800) 4439353, ext. 480
AWS Publications 168, 409s
www.aws.org/wj/ (800) 4439353
Bay State Surface Technologies, Inc. 24, 198
www.baystatesurfacetech.com (800) 7720104
Bluco Corp. 119, 198
www.bluco.com (800) 5350135
Bradford Derustit 94, 198
www.derustit.com (714) 6950899
Bruker Corporation 91
www.bruker.com/s1tital web contact only
BTIC America Corp. 102
www.bticamerica.com (713) 7798882
BugO Systems 101, 198
www.bugo.com (800) 2453186
CAL Manufacturing, Inc. 198
www.calmfginc.com (888) 2725446
Camfil Air Pollution Control 2
www.camfilapc.com (800) 4796801
Carell Corp. 42, 198
www.carellcorp.com (251) 9370948
Carestream 95
www.carestream.com (888) 7772072
CDA Technical Institute 35
www.commercialdivingacademy.com (888) 9742232
CEI 123, 199
www.thinkcei.com/FABTECH2014 (800) 4731976
Cerbaco Ltd. 165, 199
www.cerbaco.com (908) 9961333
C.H. Symington & Co., Inc. 96
www.chsymington.com (614) 7662602
Champion Welding Alloys 46
www.championwelding.com (800) 3219353
CM Industries, Inc. 11
www.cmindustries.com (847) 5500033
CML USA, Inc. Ercolina 162
www.ercolinausa.com (563) 3917700
ColeTuve, Inc. 163
www.coletuve.com (877) 9890700
Computer Weld Technology 207
www.cweldtech.com (713) 4622118
CONCOA 100
www.concoa.com (800) 2250473
CorMet 51
www.cormet.com (800) 8482719
CS Unitec 139
www.csunitec.com (800) 7005919
Dengensha America 119, 199
www.dengensha.com (440) 4398081
Detroit Section of AWS 38
www.awsdetroit.org (248) 2758209/(614) 6885121
D/F Machine Specialties 134, 199
www.dfmachinespecialties.com (507) 6256200
Diamond Ground Products, Inc. 157, 199, 200
www.diamondground.com (805) 4983837
Donaldson Torit 122
www.donaldsontorit.com (800) 3651331
Dynabrade 156
www.dynabrade.com (800) 8287333
E.H. Wachs 145, 200, 201
www.ehwachs.com (847) 5378800
Electron Beam Technologies, Inc. 143
www.electronbeam.com (815) 9352211
Ensitech 132, 200
www.tigbrush.com (630) 8512126
ESAB Welding & Cutting 1819
www.esabna.com (800) 3722123
ADVERTISER INDEX
ADVERTISER INDEX
ESSEN Trade Shows 174
www.schweissenschneiden.com +1. 9 14. 9 6213 10
Fabtech Industry Night 2014 25
www.fabtechexpo.com/industrynight (866) 6354692
Fischer Engineering Co. 200
www.fischerengr.com (937) 7541750
Fischer Technology 156, 200
www.fischertechnology.com (860) 6830781
Flange Wizard, Inc. 128
www.flangewizard.com (714) 7921949
Fronius USA, LLC 127
www.froniususa.com (877) 3766487
Fusion, Inc. 128
www.fusioninc.com (800) 6269501
G.A.L. Gage Co. 36
www.galgage.com (269) 4655750
Genstar Technologies Company, Inc. 131
www.genstartech.com (909) 6062726
Greiner Industries 15
www.greinerindustries.com (800) 7822110
Gullco International, Inc. U.S.A. 23, 201
www.gullco.com (440) 4398333
Harberts Products, Inc. 126
www.recycleflux.com (800) 3773103
HBD/Thermoid, Inc. 147
www.hbdthermoid.com (800) 5438070
Heck Industries, Inc. 26, 201
www.heckind.net (800) 8865418
HGG Group Profiling Equipment BV 135, 201
www.hgggroup.com (330) 4616855
H&M Pipe Beveling Machine Co., Inc. 58, 201
www.hmpipe.com (918) 5829984
Hobart 47
www.HobartBrothers.com/tiethatbinds (800) 4241543
Hobart Inst. of Welding Technology 109, 202
www.welding.org (800) 3329448
Hodgson Custom Rolling, Inc. 21
www.hcrsteel.com (905) 3566025
Hypertherm 129
www.hypertherm.com/quality (800) 6430030
I.M.P.A.C.T. (Ironworkers) 146
www.ironworkers.org/www.impactnet.org (800) 5454921
Industrial Maid 207
www.shop.industrialmaid.com (877) 6243247
Interactive Safety Products, Inc. 130
www.helmetsystems.com (704) 6647377
Intercon Enterprises, Inc. 34
www.intercononline.com (800) 6656655
Intertest, Inc. 90, 202
www.intertest.com (908) 4968008
Johnson Mfg. Co. 151, 203
www.johnsonmfg.com (800) 7470030
J. P. Nissen Co. 121, 203
www.nissenmarkers.com (215) 8862025
Kimberly Clark Professional 155
www.kcprofessional.com/extramile (800) 2413146
K.I.W.O.T.O., Inc. 151
www.rodguard.net (269) 9441552
KMT Saw 140
www.kmtsaw.com (269) 3218860
Kobelco Welding of America, Inc. 110
www.kobelcowelding.com (800) 9613158
Koike Aronson, Inc./Ransome 1617
www.koike.com (800 2525232
Lincoln Electric Co. Outside Back Cover
www.lincolnelectric.com (216) 4818100
LucasMilhaupt, Inc. 120
www.lucasmilhaupt.com (414) 6796000
Magnatech LLC 99, 203
www.magnatechllc.com (860) 6532573
Magswitch 97
www.magswitch.com.au (303) 4680662
Master Magnetics, Inc. 148, 203
www.magnetsource.com/wj (888) 2939399
Mathey Dearman 141
www.matheycnc.com (918) 4471288
Maverick Testing Laboratories 136
www.mavericktestinglabs.com (281) 8888210
Meltric Corp. 207
www.meltric.com (800) 4337642
Mercer Abrasives 104, 203
www.mercerabrasives.com (631) 2433900
Metglas 114
www.brazing.metglas.com (800) 5817654
Midalloy 123, 204
www.midalloy.com (800) 7763300
Miller Electric Mfg. Co. 22, 59
www.MillerWelds.com/capturefive (920) 7349821
MK Products, Inc. 173
www.mkproducts.com (800) 7879707
Motor Guard Corp. 161, 204
www.motorguardplasma.com (800) 2272822
National University Polytechnic Institute 148
www.nupolytech.org (800) 4323483
Nelson Stud Welding 152
http://www.nelsonstud.com (800) 6359353
Oerlikon Metco 149, 204
www.oerlikon.com/metco (716) 270 2228
Olympus NDT 31
www.olympusims.com (781) 4193900
OTC Daihen, Inc. 27, 204
www.daihenusa.com (888) 6827626
Oxylance, Inc. 160
www.oxylance.com (800) 3339906
Pearl Abrasive Co. 106
www.pearlabrasive.com (800) 9695561
Phoenix International 161
www.dryrod.com (414) 9733400
Postle Industries, Inc. 144, 206
www.postle.com (800) 3212978
RedDArc Welderentals 101
www.reddarc.com (866) 7333272
Revco Industries, Inc. 33
www.BlackStallion.com/www.BSXgear.com (800) 5273826
Robovent Products Group, Inc. 171
www.robovent.com (888) 7626836
Rolled Alloys 162
www.rolledalloys.com (800) 5210332
RWMA/Resistance Welding Mfg. Alliance 142
www.aws.org/rwma (800) 4439353, ext. 444
Schaefer Ventilation Equipment 143
www.schaeferfan.com (800) 7793267
ScrapeNBurr (Innovative Products Ideas LLC) 165
www.scrapenburr.com (866) 8951531
Select Arc, Inc. Inside Front Cover, 133, 204
www.selectarc.com (937) 2955215
Sellstrom Mfg. Co. 89
www.sellstrom.com (800) 3237402
SK Brazing USA, LLC 159
www.skbrazing.com (414) 6280584
Special Metals Welding Products Co. 117
www.specialmetalswelding.com (800) 6243411
Steelmax Tools, LLC 152, 204, 205
www.steelmax.com (877) 8335629
Strong Hand Tools 205
www.stronghandtools.com (800) 9895244
Sumner Mfg. Co., Inc. 92
www.sumner.com (888) 9996910
Superflash Compressed Gas Equipment/IBEDA, Inc. 153
www.oxyfuelsafety.com (888) 3277306
SW Industrial, LLC 159
www.swind.net (954) 8816418
Tecnar 108
www.tecnar.com +1 (450) 4611221
Thermatool 5
www.thermatool.com (203) 4684100
ThermoCalc Software AB 116
www.thermocalc.com (724) 7310074
Tianjin Leigong Welding Alloys 136
www.weldchina.cn +8613752201959
Tip Tig USA 132
www.tiptigusa.com (856) 3128164
Tokin Corp. 144
www.tokinarc.com +81534855252
Tri Tool, Inc. 30
www.tritool.com/RBLG2 (800) 2527879
Triangle Engineering, Inc. 98, 147, 205
www.trieng.com (781) 8781500
TRUMPF 13
www.us.trumpf.com web contact only
TWI North America 193
www.twosoftware.com (281) 6802000
Uniweld Products, Inc. 41, 205
www.uniweld.com (800) 3232111
Victor Technologies 37
www.VictorTechnologies.com/cashback (800) 5690547
voestalpine Bohler Welding USA Inc. 29
www.voestalpine.com/welding (800) 5270791
Watts Specialties, Inc. 112, 206
www.wattsspecialties.com (253) 8489288
Weartech A Lincoln Electric Company 191
www.lincolnelectric.com (714) 6832430
Weld Aid 103, 105, 107
www.weldaid.com (800) 9353243
Weld Engineering 7, 206
www.weldengineering.com (508) 8422224
Welder Training & Testing Institute 26, 206
www.wtti.com (800) 2239884
West Chester Protective Gear 43, 206
www.westchestergear.com (800) 6471900
Woodward Fab 206
www.woodwardfab.com (800) 3915419
RED HOTS SECTION 197207
ADVERTISER INDEX
Visit the AWS Interactive Ad Index: www.aws.org/adindex
Introduction
Titanium (Ti) clad steel is widely
used for large pressure vessels and
other equipment in different indus-
tries to take advantage of the corro-
sion resistance of Ti, but at a lower
cost than solid Ti construction. Tita-
nium-clad steel is produced by roll
bonding (usually with an interlayer),
direct explosive bonding (usually with-
out an interlayer) (Ref. 1), or by a com-
bination of explosive bonding and roll
bonding (Ref. 2). Interlayers are used
to improve the bond strength of the
clad steel or to overcome metal plastic-
ity compatibility restrictions encoun-
tered in roll bonding. Industrial-grade
pure iron (Fe), ultralow-carbon steel,
niobium (Nb) alloys, tantalum (Ta) al-
loys, copper (Cu) alloys, and nickel
(Ni) alloys have been used as interlay-
ers in the cladding process (Refs. 36).
Typical thickness of Ti-clad ranges
from 2.0 to 19.0 mm (0.08 to 0.75 in.)
depending on the application.
Titanium has not been success-
fully fusion welded directly to steel
because it has limited solubility for
Fe. If the solubility limit is exceeded,
as in fusion welding, brittle inter-
metallic compounds and carbides
form (Refs. 7, 8). Cracks form in
these phases due to the thermal
stresses induced during cooling and
complete separation along the Fe-Ti
interface may happen in the welded
joint, as shown in Fig. 1. To avoid
welding Ti directly to steel, the most
common method of joining clad
plates is the Batten Strip technique
(Refs. 1, 911). The Ti cladding mate-
rial is stripped back 15 to 20 mm
from the weld joint, after which the
steel is welded and inspected. Next,
the space where the cladding was re-
moved is filled with Cu, Ti, or steel
filler strips. Finally, a Ti cover strip
or Batten Strip about 50mm wide is
welded over the joint using fillet
welds and gas tungsten arc welding
(GTAW) techniques. This method has
several disadvantages including com-
plexity of irregular geometry at noz-
zle penetrations and attachments,
complexity of testing for joint in-
tegrity (including no reliable method
to inspect for root side purge failure),
open root joint configuration subject
to widespread corrosion damage of
the steel in the event of local failures
of the fillet welds on the batten
strips, potential for service failures
due to low-cycle fatigue, difficulty of
repair, and relatively high fabrication
and testing costs.
Therefore, there is the need to de-
velop reliable cost-effective methods
of joining or repairing Ti-clad steel
WELDING RESEARCH
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL 369-s
SUPPLEMENT TO THE WELDING JOURNAL, OCTOBER 2014
Sponsored by the American Welding Society and the Welding Research Council
Mechanical Behavior of TitaniumClad Steel
Welded Joints
Mechanical properties of Ticlad steel welded joints deposited with different interlayer ma
terials were evaluated using microhardness, bend, and shearbond strength testing in the
aswelded, after PWHT, and in thermally cycled conditions.
BY J. E. RAMIREZ
ABSTRACT
Ticlad steel welded joints made with different interlayer materialjoining process
combinations were evaluated using microhardness, bend, and shearbond strength test
ing. The effect of thermal cycling on the shearbond strength was evaluated as well. In
general, all the welded joints present the highest hardness level at the interlayerTi inter
face and across the first Ti layer. The maximum hardness in welded joints made with the
NiTi, NiCuTi, and NiCrTi interlayer systems was 607, 568, and 554 HV
0.5
, respectively.
In the VTi and TiV systems, the respective maximum hardnesses were 307 and 409
HV
0.5
, respectively, at the FeV interface. The maximum hardness observed in welded
joints made with the CuTi interlayer ranged from 300 to 350 HV
0.5
. Different softening
responses to either thermal cycles of additional Ti layers or PWHT were observed in dif
ferent types of joints. Most of the joints failed the bend tests in the aswelded and
PWHTed conditions. The NiTi, NiCuTi, and NiCrTiwelded joints failed along the inter
layerTi interface and through the Ti weld layers. The CuTi welded joints made with the
CSCGMAW process failed along the CuTi interface. The bondshear strength of both Fe
Cu and CuTi interfaces in CuTi welded joints made with a combination of CSCGMAW
and GTAWP processes in the aswelded, PWHTed, and thermally cycled conditions
ranged from 204.5 to 259.8 MPa (29.6 to 37.6 ksi). The FeCu interface showed a larger
displacement under maximum load as compared to that observed in the CuTi interface.
KEYWORDS
Cladding Titanium TiClad Steel Thermal Cycling Interlayer Materials
J. E. Ramirez (jose.ramirez@dnvgl.com) was a principal engineer with EWI and now is a principal engineer at DNV.GL in Columbus, Ohio.
plates that provide a continuous joint
with acceptable mechanical and cor-
rosion properties with and without
postweld heat treatment (PWHT).
Experimental Procedures
Ti-clad steel welded joints were
made using different interlayer mate-
rial-joining process combinations. The
welded joints were tested in as-welded
and PWHT conditions.
Some of the welded
joints were tested after
exposure to thermal cy-
cling. The mechanical
behavior of the joints
was evaluated using mi-
crohardness, bend, and
shear bond strength
testing.
Materials and Welding
Conditions
TitaniumClad Base Metal and
Interlayer Materials
The deposition of the interlayer
material and corresponding Ti layers
of the welded joints was done in 150-
200-mm (6- 8-in.) explosion Ti-
clad steel samples. The explosion Ti-
clad steel base metals consisted of
SA-516-70 carbon steel with a nominal
thickness of 27.5 to 38.0 mm (1.1 to
WELDING RESEARCH
WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER, 2014 VOL. 93 370-s
Fig. 1 A Titanium deposit layer that cracked and broke off a commercially pure Fe weld deposit during cooling; B weld deposit that
cracked.
Table 1 General Characteristcs of the Welding Consumables Used as Interlayer Materials and
Ti Layer for Welding the TiClad Steel Plates
Joint Designation Welding Process Filler Metal Designation Wire Size (in.)
Ni-Ti CSC-GMAW CPNi (ERNi-1) 0.062
NiCu-Ti CSC-GMAW NiCu (ERNiCu-7) 0.062
NiCr-Ti CSC-GMAW NiCr (ERNiCr-4) 0.062
Cu-Ti CSC-GMAW CPCu (ERCu) 0.062
Cu-Ti CSC-GMAW CPCu (ERCu) 0.062
GTAW CPTi (ERTi-1) 0.035
V-Ti GTAW 0.062/0.045
Ti Layers CSC-GMAW/GTAW ERTi-1 0.062/0.035
Fig. 2 A General view of joint design; B cross sec
tion of joint after deposition of interlayer material; C
after completion of the joint.
A B
A
B
C
1.5 in.) and SB-265-1 Ti clad with a
nominal thickness between 4.8 to 8.0
mm (0.188 to 0.313 in.). Based on
metallurgical characteristics and po-
tential compatibility with the Fe-Ti
system, and availability as commercial
welding wires, the interlayer materials
that were used for joining Ti-clad steel
include commercially pure (CP) nickel
(Ni), nickel-copper alloy (NiCu),
nickel-chromium alloy (NiCr), CP
vanadium (V), and CP copper (Cu)
(Ref. 12). The general description of
the welding consumables used for
welding of the Ti-clad steel plates is
listed in Table 1.
Joint Design
The Ti-clad steel base metal sam-
ples have a widegroove prepared by
the strip-back method. The joint de-
sign of the wide-groove included a root
that was between 19.0 to 25.0 mm
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 3 A General view of Ticlad steel welded joints made with the CSCGMAW process; B joint made with a combination of the
CSCGMAW and the GTAWP processes.
Fig. 4 A General view of FeCu interface bond shearstrength samples; B test setup.
A
A
B
B
Table 2 Ranking in Decreasing Order of Suitability of InterlayerWelding Process Combinaton for
Making FullSize TiClad Steel Welded Joints
Description of Interlayer System
Ranking Interlayer Design
(a)
Welding Process Comments
1 Fe-Cu-Ti CSC-GMAW + GTAW-P 1. Poor wettability of Ti on Cu
2 Fe-Cu-Ti CSC-GMAW 1. Short contact tip life during
deposition of Ti
2. Poor wettability of Ti on Cu
3 Fe-Ni-Ti CSC-GMAW 1. Short contact tip life during
deposition of Ti
2. Cracking susceptibility
4 Fe-NiCu-Ti CSC-GMAW 1. Short contact tip life during
deposition of Ti
5 Ti-V-Fe GTAW-P 1. Cracking susceptibility
6 Fe-NiCr-Ti CSC-GMAW 1. Short contact tip life
during deposition of Ti
(a) Te designation of the interlayer system indicates the sequence of deposition of the diferent interlayer materials and
Ti layers in the joint.
(0.75 to 1.0 in.) wide and a 22-deg bevel
angle. Additionally, the groove was ma-
chined to a depth of about 2.50 mm
(0.10 in.) into the steel substrate, as
shown in Fig. 2A and B. This joint de-
sign replicates the Ti portion of Ti-clad
steel butt joints, which is the more crit-
ical part of this type of joint.
Welding Process
Different joining processes were consid-
ered based on the metallurgical charac-
teristics of the selected interlayers, and
on the typical dilution of the joining
processes. The latter is significant be-
cause low-dilution processes limit the
amount of melting, as well as the ther-
mal experience of the base metal at
temperatures where intermetallic com-
pounds may form. Considering the
commercial availability of consumables,
ease of deployment in the field, and rel-
atively low equipment investment, arc
welding processes were considered the
primary process of choice.
A relatively new gas metal arc welding
(GMAW) process variant called con-
trolled short circuit (CSC)-GMAW was
chosen to deposit the selected interlayers
and Ti layers in the welded joints. The
CSC-GMAW process involves pulsing
the wire feed in conjunction with the
welding current to achieve improved
control of welding heat input and dilu-
tion with minimal spatter. Welding pa-
rameters of the CSC-GMAW process
include up-wire feed speed (Up WFS)
(m/min), down-WFS (m/min), initial arc
length (mm), arc current sequence, and
short-circuit current sequence. Each cur-
rent sequence has three levels to set
(start, pulse, and end). These three cur-
WELDING RESEARCH
WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014, VOL. 93 372-s
Fig. 6 Microhardness profile of TiVFe
welded joint with two carbonsteel weld
metal layers, in the aswelded condition
(GTAWP process).
Table 3 Welding Conditons for Depositons of Dierent Layers of Weld Metal in the Weld Joints Using CSCGMAW
Arc Current Sequence Short-Circuit Current Sequence
Start Start Pulse Pulse End Start Start Pulse Pulse End
Weld Layer Shielding Gas Current Current Current Current Current Current Current Current Current Current
(A) Time (ms) (A) Time (ms) (A) (A) Time (ms) (A) Time (ms) (A)
Ni on steel 100% He 100 NA 100 NA 100 50 NA 50 NA 50
Ti on Ni 100% He 80 5 60 5 40 40 2.5 60 NA 60
NiCu on steel 100% He 100 NA 100 NA 100 50 NA 50 NA 50
Ti on NiCu 100% He 80 5 60 5 40 40 2.5 60 NA 60
NiCr on steel 50%Ar/50%He 100 NA 100 NA 100 50 NA 50 NA 50
Ti on NiCr 100% He 80 5 60 5 40 40 2.5 60 NA 60
CPCu on steel 100% He 130 NA 130 NA 130 50 NA 50 NA 50
CPCu on steel 100% He 150 NA 150 NA 150 50 NA 50 NA 50
Ti on CpCu 100% He 120 5 100 5 80 40 2.5 60 NA 60
Ti on Ti 100% He 80 5 60 5 40 40 2.5 60 NA 60
Wire Feed Speed Initial Arc Weaving Parameters
Length (mm)
Up WFS Down WFS Oscillation Speed Dwell Oscillation Forward Travel
(m/min) (m/min) (mm/s) Time(s) Amplitude Speed (mm/s)
(mm)
10 15 0.0 7.4 0.2 19.8 27.6
8 10 1.0 12.0 0.3 22.9 11.8
10 15 0.0 9.4 0.2 20.3 27.6
8 10 0.5 12.0 0.3 23.6 11.8
15 15 0.0 7.4 0.2 21.1 31.5
8 10 0.5 12.0 0.3 22.3 11.8
15 15 0.0 14.6 0.3 17.8 11.0
10 10 0.0 19.8 0.3 16.5 11.0
8 10 0.0 12.0 0.3 21.1 11.8
8 10 0.5 12.0 0.3 23.6 11.8
Fig. 5 Microhardness profile of NiCr
Ti welded joint with one and three Ti
weld metal layers (1Ti, 3Ti), in the as
welded and PWHTed conditions (CSC
GMAW process).
rent levels are used to control the bead
shape and size. The start and pulse lev-
els have a time associated with them.
For the end current level, the current is
maintained until the next sequence is
initiated.
During the arc phase, the end of the
electrode is melted and a droplet is
formed. At the same time, the electrode
is feeding forward toward the weld pool.
The forward wire feeding speed is set
higher than the melt-off rate so that the
arc will short out. Upon shorting, the
droplet at the end of the electrode is
pulled into the weld pool by the liquid
pools surface tension. The control sys-
tem senses the voltage drop and pre-
vents the current from spiking severely.
A current sequence is implemented to
allow resistive heating. The heat allows
for a smooth arc ignition. At the same
time, the wire feeders reverse direction
so that the electrode is being pulled
away from the weld pool. This makes
the short circuit break mechanically.
This differs from any other short-
circuiting process, which relies on the
electrode exploding to reestablish the
arc. The process represents an advance
in short-circuit metal transfer of the
GMAW process (Refs. 1317) and offers
reduced heat input and dilution com-
pared to other arc welding processes.
Welding Conditions
Due to the complexity inherent to
dissimilar metal joining, CSC-GMAW
welding parameters and weaving pa-
rameters were developed and optimized
(Ref. 18). Six interlayer-joining process
combinations were ranked based on
their general wettability behavior, weld-
ability, and the ability to achieve accept-
able welding conditions, as listed in
Table 2. Table 3 lists the CSC-GMAW
welding parameters developed and used
for depositing each interlayer material
and the subsequent Ti layers in the
welded joints. The GTAW-P parameters
used to deposit the different Ti layers in
welded joints made with the Cu-Ti in-
terlayer system are listed in Tables 46.
Figure 3 shows a general view of
some of the welded joints made for me-
chanical evaluation. The welded joint in
Fig. 3A shows a stepwise configuration
at the ends. The three levels of the step-
wise configuration from the end toward
the center of the sample correspond to
the surface of the weld deposit of the in-
terlayer material, the surface of the first
Ti deposit layer, and the surface of two
additional layers of Ti. This arrange-
ment allowed the characterization of
deposits of the interlayer material in the
as-welded condition and an evaluation
of the effects of thermal cycles induced
during the deposition of one and three
layers of Ti on the properties of the in-
terlayer materials and the welded joint
as a whole. Figure 2C shows a cross sec-
tion of a complete welded joint (inter-
layer material plus three Ti layers). The
welded joints were subjected to radi-
ographic examination to evaluate the
soundness of the joints and to deter-
mine the location of different speci-
mens required for the mechanical
evaluation.
Postweld Heat Treatment
The PWHT of the welded joints was
conducted following the guidelines of
Section VIII of the ASME code for car-
bon steel welded constructions. The
holding temperature was between
1125 and 1150F (607 and 620C)
and the holding time ranged from 1 h,
15 min. to 1 h, 52 min. depending on
the thickness of the full-size joint.
Heating rates above 800F (427C)
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 7 Comparison of microhardness profiles of CuTi welded
joints with three Ti weld metal layers deposited with the CSC
GMAW process and with a combination of CSCGMAW and
GTAWP processes.
Fig. 8 General view of side bend samples obtained from
NiCuTi welded joints in the aswelded and PWHT conditions
(CSCGMAW process).
Table 4 GTAWP Parameters Used for the Depositon of First Layer of Ti in the CuTi welded Joint
Peak current (A) 250 Wire feed peak (mm/s) 8.5
Back current (A) 10 Wire feed back (mm/s) 8.0
Peak current time (s) 0.1 Arc voltage (V) 12.2
Back current time (s) 0.5 Travel speed (mm/s) 1.1
Wire entry angle (deg) 15 Wire to electrode distance (mm) 1.1
Wire type ERTi-1 Wire diameter (mm) 0.9
Electrode type 2% Ce Electrode diameter (mm) 3.2
Electrode preparation (deg) 30, no Shielding gas type 75% He
fat 25% Ar
were controlled to be equal or less
than 400F/h/in. (8.7C/h/mm). Cool-
ing rates above 800F (427C) were
equal or less than 500F/h/in.
(10.9C/h/mm).
Evaluation of Mechanical
Behavior of Welded Joints
The Ti-clad steel welded joints were
evaluated before and after PWHT. The
joints were evaluated using microhard-
ness profiles, bend testing, and bond
shear-strength testing. The effect of
thermal cycling after PWHT on the
shear-bond strength of some joints
was evaluated as well.
Microhardness Testing
Microhardness profiles were deter-
mined in the through-thickness direc-
tion of the deposited weld metals
starting from the steel substrate to-
ward the surface of the last layer of Ti
weld deposit. The microhardness pro-
files of the welded joints were deter-
mined in deposits with one and three
Ti layers, respec-
tively, and in the as-
welded and PWHT
conditions. The
hardness reading
was determined
using hardness Vick-
ers scale with a load
of 500 g (HV
0.5
).
Bend Testing
The ductility of
the welded joints was
evaluated using
transverse and longitudinal side-bend
tests of samples in the as-welded and
PWHT conditions. Two samples in the
as-welded condition and two samples in
the PWHT condition from each system
were tested for a total of four specimens
per welded joint. According to the re-
quirements of the ASME code Section
IX, the bend tests were run using an 8T
diameter mandrel or die, where T is the
thickness of the bend sample.
Bend testing was not conducted in
welds made with the Fe-V-Ti inter-
layer system because crack-free joints
were difficult to make. Additionally,
welded joints from the Ti-V-Fe sys-
tem were tested only in the PWHT
conditions because the bend samples
cracked during machining in the as-
welded conditions. This may indicate
the buildup of a high level of residual
stresses during the welding of this
dissimilar metal joint.
Bond ShearStrength Testing
In order to measure the shear bond
strength of interfaces between dissimi-
lar material layers in some of the welded
joints, shear-strength testing was con-
ducted according to the requirements of
ASTM B898 (Ref. 19). Figure 4 shows a
view of some Fe-Cu interface shear
bond strength samples, and test setup.
As shown in Fig. 4B, the sample is set
between two alignment bars to control
lateral displacement of the sample and
force the sample to move only in the
vertical direction. One of the alignment
bars also acts as support (left-side bar in
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 9 Cracks observed in longitudinal side bend samples
obtained from TiVFe welded joints in the PWHT condition
(GTAWP process).
Fig. 10 A Microcracking observed in the FeV interface of
welded joints deposited with the GTAWP process; B crack
arrested at the VTi interface.
Table 5 GTAWP Parameters Used for the Depositon of Second Layer of Ti in the CuTi
Electrode type 2% Ce Electrode diameter (mm) 3.2
fat 25% Ar
A
B
Fig. 4B) to restrict the vertical displace-
ment of the area of the sample corre-
sponding to the interlayer material
and/or Ti weld layers. The rest of the
sample can be displaced freely in the
vertical direction. During testing, load-
ing was applied to the sample in the
vertical-down direction through a
plunger, as shown in Fig. 4B. As a result
of the plunger force and restraint of the
alignment/support bar, a shear force
was induced at the interface under eval-
uation. Only welded joints made with
the Cu-Ti interlayer system using a
combination of CSC-GMAW and
GTAW-P processes were tested. The
shear bond strength of the Fe-Cu and
Cu-Ti interfaces was determined in the
as-welded and in the PWHT condition.
Effect of Thermal Cycling
A section from a welded joint
made with the Ti-Cu/(CSC-GMAW +
GTAW-P) combination and in the
PWHT condition was subjected to 12
thermal cycles. During each thermal
cycle, the sample was heated to a
temperature of 496C 14 (925F
25) and held at that temperature
for one hour. The sample was then al-
lowed to cool to a temperature less
than 38C (100F). The sample was
visually inspected and evaluated with
dye penetrant before and after the 12
thermal cycles were completed to de-
termine the presence of cracks. No
cracking was observed in the sample.
Based on these results, one shear
bond strength coupon representing
the Fe-Cu interface
and a shear bond
strength coupon
representing the
Cu-Ti interface was
machined and
tested according to
the requirements of
ASTM B898. The
shear bond strength
results were com-
pared to those ob-
tained from
specimens that
were not exposed to
thermal cycling.
Experimental Observations
and Discussions
Microhardness Profiles
Microhardness profiles obtained
from some of the welded joints are
shown in Figs. 57. In general, all the
welded joints present the highest
hardness level at the interlayer-Ti in-
terface and across the first Ti layer, as
can be observed in Fig. 5. This is con-
sistent with the results of the light-
and electron-microscopy characteriza-
tions of the weld metal deposits that
indicated the presence of second
phases in those regions of the welded
joints, as reported in a previous paper
(Ref. 12). The maximum hardnesses in
the welded joints made with the Ni-Ti,
NiCu-Ti, and NiCr-Ti interlayer sys-
tems were 607, 568, and 554 HV
0.5
, re-
spectively. In the V-Ti and Ti-V
systems, the maximum hardness read-
ings obtained from the weld deposits
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 11 General view of side bend samples obtained from
CuTi welded joints in the aswelded and PWHT conditions
(CSCGMAW process).
Fig. 12 A General view of bend test samples; B cracks
observed in longitudinal side bend. Samples obtained from
CuTi welded joints in the aswelded and PWHT conditions
(combination of CSCGMAW and GTAWP processes).
Table 6 GTAWP Parameters Used for the Depositon of Filling Layers of Ti in the CuTi Welded Joint
Electrode type 2% Ce Electrode Diameter (mm) 3.2
fat 25% Ar
A
B
were 307 and 409 HV
0.5
, respectively,
at the Fe-V interface. The maximum
hardnesses observed in the welded
joints made with the Cu-Ti interlayer
ranged from 300 to 350 HV
0.5
.
Different softening responses to
thermal cycles induced by either weld-
ing of additional layers of Ti weld metal
or PWHT were observed in different
welded joints. In the Ni-Ti welded
joints, more softening was induced in
the interface and first layer of Ti weld
deposit by deposition of additional lay-
ers of Ti weld metal
than that induced by
the PWHT. The hard-
ness of the NiCr-Ti
welded joint with
three Ti-layers shows
a high value near the
interface between the
second and third Ti
layers, as shown in
Fig. 5, but the inter-
face softened as a re-
sult of the PWHT. In
general, the NiCu-Ti
and NiCr-Ti welded
joints did not experi-
ence major softening
as a result of the ther-
mal experience in-
duced during either welding or PWHT,
as shown in Fig. 5.
In the Fe-V-Ti system, extremely
high hardness was not observed across
the weld deposit, in spite of the ob-
served presence of second phases at the
Fe-V interface (Ref. 12). However, the
presence of microcracks at the Fe-V in-
terface may have influenced the results
of the hardness readings. On the other
hand, in the Ti-V-Fe system, a high
hardness peak was observed at the V-Fe
interface, as shown in Fig. 6. This may
have resulted from a potential combina-
tion of Fe and Ti at that interface. The
high degree of solid solubility between
V and Ti could have induced a relatively
high concentration of Ti in the V weld
deposit, making it available for reaction
with Fe at the V-Fe interface. Electron
probe microanalyzer (EPMA) analysis
was not conducted in weld metal de-
posits made with either the Fe-V-Ti sys-
tem or the Ti-V-Fe system to confirm
this statement. The weld metal of the
Cu-Ti welded joints shows the softest
deposits, especially in the PWHT condi-
tion. This system experiences more
softening during PWHT than during ad-
ditional welding thermal cycles. In the
Cu-Ti system, as a result of the PWHT,
the hardness level through the weld de-
posit dropped to around 200 HV
0.5
. Due
to a wider Cu-Ti interface in weld metal
deposited with a combination of CSC-
GMAW and GTAW-P processes (as com-
pared to that deposited with only the
CSC-GMAW process), a wider hard re-
gion at the Cu-Ti interface and a lower
degree of softening induced by the
PWHT were observed, as shown in
Fig. 7.
Side Bend Tests
Most of the bend samples obtained
from the welded joints failed the bend
test in the as-welded and PWHT con-
ditions. Bend samples from the Ni-Ti,
NiCu-Ti, and NiCr-Ti welded joints
failed primarily along the interlayer-Ti
interface and through the Ti weld de-
posits, as shown in Fig. 8. This may be
due to the formation of a wide and
continuous hard interlayer-Ti interface
consisting of second phases, as well as
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 13 A General view of bond shear strength samples
of the FeCu and CuTi interfaces; B ductile characteristics
of the shear fracture of the FeCu interface; C brittle char
acteristics of the shear fracture of the CuTi interface.
Table 7 Bond Shear Strength of the FeCu and CuTi Interfaces in TiClad Steel Welded Joint
Deposited with a Combinaton of CSCGMAW and GTAWP Processes, in the AsWelded, PWHTed,
and Thermal Cycled Conditons
Interface Condition Bond Shear Strength MPa (ksi)
Fe-Cu As-welded 204.5 (29.6)
PWHTed 222.6 (32.2)
Termal cycled 230.0 (33.3)
Cu-Ti As-welded 259.8 (37.6)
PWHTed 227.2 (32.9)
Termal cycled 231.9 (33.6)
ASTM B898-99 Requirements 137.9 (20.0)
A
C
B
the presence of second phases through
the first Ti layer (Ref. 12). In the NiCr-
Ti interlayer system, second phases
were observed even in the third layer
of Ti weld deposits (Ref. 12). The dis-
tribution of these hard, low-ductility
phases through the weld deposits may
determine the paths of the cracks ob-
served in the tested specimens.
As shown in Fig. 9, a bend sample
obtained from a Ti-V-Fe welded joint
in the PWHT condition showed the
presence of small cracks in the sample;
however, the cracks were perpendicu-
lar to the Ti-V and V-Fe interfaces and
were confined to the V layer. This be-
havior may be due to the microstruc-
tural characteristics and mechanical
properties of these two interfaces. The
Ti-V interface was mainly free of sec-
ond phase precipitation, and was nar-
row and well defined (Ref. 12). The
presence of microcracking in the V-Fe
interface after welding, as shown in
Fig. 10A, may have acted as the nucle-
ation sites for the cracks induced dur-
ing the bend test. The good ductility of
the steel weld metal deposits and of
the Ti-V interfaces may have arrested
the cracks, as shown in Fig. 10B.
The criteria established in the
ASME code Section IX for the evalua-
tion of a bend test as part of qualifica-
tion of a welding procedure indicate
that no crack larger than 3.0 mm (
1
8
in.) in any direction is allowed. How-
ever, in this specific case, the thick-
ness of the V layer was less than 3.0
mm (
1
8 in.). As a result, all the cracks
observed in the bend sample were
shorter than 3.0 mm (
1
8 in.). Therefore,
this bend sample met the require-
ments established by the ASME code.
Additionally, the amount of strain im-
posed during the bend test is larger
than that imposed by most metal-
working processes used during the
manufacturing of a vessel or during
service. However, questions arise re-
garding the unknown behavior of
these microcracks that may be present
at the Fe-V interface during service
and their potential effect on the in-
tegrity of a vessel.
Most of the bend samples obtained
from Cu-Ti welded joints made with the
CSC-GMAW process failed along the Cu-
Ti interface, as shown in Fig. 11. This
behavior may be due to the narrow Cu-
Ti interface, and the low degree of alloy-
ing of Cu in the Ti weld metal deposits
observed in these welded joints (Ref.
12). Cracking was not observed in any
one of the three layers of Ti weld de-
posits. Low dilution of the Ti weld metal
may be responsible for the good ductil-
ity of the Ti weld deposit observed dur-
ing the bend test.
Conversely, the transverse and lon-
gitudinal bend samples obtained from
Cu-Ti welded joints made with a com-
bination of CSC-GMAW and GTAW-P
processes showed the presence of
cracking along the Cu-Ti interface and
cracks in the first Ti layer that were
perpendicular to this interface, as
shown in Fig. 12. This different behav-
ior (compared to the welds made only
with the CSC-GMAW process) may
have resulted from a wider hard Cu-Ti
interface observed in the welded joints
made with a combination of welding
processes. The cracking did not propa-
gate through the complete thickness
of the Ti-weld deposits, which indi-
cates a good ductility of the last two
layers of Ti weld deposited in the
welded joints.
Bond Shear Strength and Effect
of Thermal Cycling
The results of the bond shear
strength testing of the Fe-Cu and Cu-
Ti interfaces in Cu-Ti welded joints
made with a combination of CSC-
GMAW and GTAW-P processes in the
as-welded, PWHT, and thermal-cycled
conditions are listed in Table 7. The
bond shear strength of both interfaces
in all conditions ranged from 204.5 to
259.8 MPa (29.637.6 ksi) and is
higher than the requirement of 137.9
MPa (20.0 ksi) established by standard
ASTM B898-99. The shear bond
strength of both interfaces was not af-
fected by thermal cycling.
As shown in Fig. 13A and B, the Fe-
Cu interface did not experience com-
plete separation during testing. The
shear path was located only along the
Cu weld metal deposit. This may have
resulted from the large difference in
strength between the carbon steel sub-
strate and the Cu deposit as indicated
by the microhardness profile shown in
Fig. 7. The small tolerances allowed in
the testing setup may have also con-
tributed to this behavior. Figure 13B
shows the ductile characteristics of the
shear fracture of the Fe-Cu interface.
Conversely, the Cu-Ti interface in the
as-welded and PWHT conditions sepa-
rated completely during the test, as
shown in Fig. 13A and C. The shear path
was located along the Cu-Ti interface.
Although there is also a large difference
in strength between the Cu deposit and
the first Ti layer as shown in Fig. 7, the
configuration of the test setup forced
the fracture to take place along the in-
terface or along the first Ti layer. Figure
13C shows the brittle characteristics of
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 14 A Stressdisplacement curve obtained during the bond shear strength testing of the FeCu interface; B CuTi interface from
welded joint in the aswelded conditions (combination of CSCGMAW and GTAWP processes).
A B
the shear fracture of the Cu-Ti interface;
however, in the thermal-cycled condi-
tion, the Cu-Ti interface did not experi-
ence complete separation.
The strength-displacement curves
obtained during the bond shear tests
also indicate the more ductile behavior
of the Fe-Cu interface as compared to
the behavior observed in the Ti-Cu in-
terface. The Fe-Cu interface shows a
larger displacement under maximum
load as compared to that observed in
the Cu-Ti interface, as shown in Fig. 14.
Based on the experimental observa-
tions, the multilayer approach used in
the Ti-clad steel welded joints resulted
in great improvement in mechanical be-
havior of the welded joints. Even
though none of the weld joints passed
the bend test, the multilayer approach
resulted in an improved ductility as
compare to the high degree of embrit-
tlement normally observed in welds
joining Ti directly to steel, as shown in
Fig. 1. Therefore, it is recommended
that the multilayer approach be further
explored as a way to develop reliable
cost-effective methods of joining or re-
pairing Ti-clad steel plates.
Conclusions
The interlayer-Ti interface and first
Ti layer show the highest hardness lev-
els in most of the different welded
joints. The maximum hardnesses in the
welded joints made with the Ni-Ti,
NiCu-Ti, and NiCr-Ti interlayers were
607, 568, and 554 HV
0.5
, respectively.
Some degree of softening was induced
in the Ni-Ti welded joint by the thermal
cycles of additional Ti layers. The PWHT
did not induce a major softening in the
weld metal deposited in these three
welded joints.
In the V-Ti and Ti-V systems, the
maximum hardnesses of the weld de-
posits at the Fe-V interface were 307
and 409 HV
0.5
, respectively; however,
the presence of microcracking at that
interface may have affected the hard-
ness reading obtained from the V-Ti in-
terlayer weld deposit.
The maximum hardnesses ob-
served in the welded joints made with
the Cu-Ti interlayer ranged from
300350 HV
0.5.
The high hardness re-
gion observed in the welded joints
made with a combination of CSC-
GMAW and GTAW-P processes was
wider than the region observed in the
welded joint made with the CSC-
GMAW process only. As a result of
PWHT, the hardness level through the
weld deposit dropped to approxi-
mately 200 HV
0.5.
Most of the samples obtained from
the welded joints in the as-welded and
PWHTed conditions failed the side bend
test. The samples from the Ni-Ti, NiCu-
Ti, and NiCr-Ti welded joints failed
along the interlayer-Ti interface and
through the Ti weld deposits. In the
samples obtained from the Cu-Ti/(CSC-
GMAW + GTAW-P) welded joint, crack-
ing was observed only along the Cu-Ti
interface and in the first Ti layer. Most
of the samples obtained from Cu-
Ti/CSC-GMAW welded joint failed along
Cu-Ti interface.
A bend sample obtained from the
Ti-V-Fe system passed the bend test in
the PWHTed condition. The observed
cracks were confined to the V interlayer
and were shorter than
1
8 in. The effect of
these microcracks on the integrity of
the welded joint during service is not
yet known.
The shear-bond strength samples
representing the Fe-Cu and the Cu-Ti
interfaces of the welded joints made
with the Cu-Ti interlayer and with a
combination of CSC-GMAW and
GTAW-P processes passed the test in
the as-welded, PWHT, and thermal-cy-
cled conditions. The shear-bond
strength of these interfaces ranges be-
tween 204.4 and 259.8 MPa (29.6 and
37.6 ksi) and was higher than the
137.9 MPa (20.0 ksi) shear-bond
strength required for reactive and re-
fractory metal clad plate by ASTM
standards. The Fe-Cu interface showed
a more ductile behavior than that of
the Cu-Ti interface.
This paper was prepared based on
development work supported by DMC
Clad Metal, Materials Technology In-
stitute, and Eastman Chemical, as part
of a group-sponsored project at EWI,
Columbus, Ohio.
1. Banker, J. G. 1996. Titanium-steel
explosion clad. Stainless Steel World, (6):
6569.
2. Hardwick, R. 2001. Advances leading
to the new clads on the future. Stainless
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3. Banker, J. G. 1993. Bonded Tita-
nium/Steel Components, U.S. Patent
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4. Murayama, J., and Komizo, Y. 1991.
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6. Suenaga, H., Ishikawa, M., and Ni-
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WELDING RESEARCH
Acknowledgments
References
Introduction
The use of titanium alloys has been
expanding in the aerospace, power-
generation, medical, chemical plants,
and marine applications due to their
superior mechanical and corrosion
properties. The main welding process
for titanium alloys is gas tungsten arc
welding (GTAW), also known as tung-
sten inert gas (TIG) welding. The ma-
jor shortcomings of the GTAW
process, even though it produces high-
quality welds, are the slow production
rate and shallow weld penetration.
Single-pass welds with GTAW can have
around 23 mm penetration creating a
bottleneck in the fabrication process
(Refs. 1, 2). In the 1960s, researchers
at the E. O. Paton Institute invented
the A-TIG process for welding titani-
um alloys by using oxygen-free activat-
ed fluxes that significantly increased
weld penetration (Refs. 3, 4). The ob-
served deep penetration was attrib-
uted to arc constriction and increase
in current density. Fluorides of alkali
and alkali/earth metals were found to
be effective in increasing weld pene-
tration in titanium alloys with obser-
vation of arc constriction (Refs. 5, 6).
Welding arc plasma is complex and
difficult to investigate. One of the bet-
ter techniques that can determine the
concentrations of arc constituents and
estimate arc temperature is arc emis-
sion spectroscopy. The concept of arc
spectroscopy is to measure the intensi-
ty (emission coefficient) of the light
(at specific wavelengths) emitted by
the arc plasma. An atom, an ion, or
electrons at high temperature will be-
come excited, shifting from one ener-
gy state to another of higher energy,
e.g., from L shell to M shell in the case
of the electrons. Following the excita-
tion process, the metastable particles
decay, dropping from the higher ener-
gy state to a lower energy state. Under
set conditions, the decay of an elec-
tron from a shell at a higher energy
state (E1) to a lower energy shell (E2),
as shown in Fig. 1, will be accompa-
WELDING RESEARCH
FluxAssisted Gas Tungsten Arc and Laser Welding
of Titanium with CryoliteContaining Fluxes: Arc
Spectroscopy and Corrosion Resistance Studies
Arc temperature and arc force were found to contribute to deeper weld penetration in
fluxassisted gas tungsten arc welding
BY T. ALSABTI, A. ALSHAWAF, AND S. LIU
ABSTRACT
This research compares autogenous welding, welding with a solid welding
wire, and welding with tubular welding wires on CPtitanium using gas tung
sten arc (GTA) and laser beam (LB) welding. Commercially pure titanium (CP
Ti Grade 2) solid wire and two newly designed fluxcored tubular wires con
taining cryolite (Na
3
AlF
6
) and MgF
2
were used. The comparison covers the
aspects of weld penetration, arc constriction, arc force, arc emission spectral
lines, arc temperature, and constituent concentrations in the arc. Laser
beam welding was performed for comparison since it does not involve arc
plasma as in the GTAW process. Also, this research investigated two mecha
nisms for weld penetration, arc constriction, and Marangoni convection,
which were suggested in previous literature as the driving mechanisms for
the deeper weld penetration observed with the use of fluxes. Fluxassisted
gas tungsten arc welding is also known as activated tungsten inert gas (A
TIG) welding. This work concluded that mainly arc temperature and arc force
contributed to the deeper weld penetration. Surfacetensiondriven flow
(Marangoni convection) was found not to contribute to the weld penetration
increase observed with increasing cryolite content. Immersion corrosion test
results on the ATIG weld specimens in separate 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl)
and 0.1% phosphoric acid (H
3
PO
4
) solutions for 800 h, particularly in terms
of mass loss, compared favorably with the autogenous welds.
KEYWORDS
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) ATIG
CryoliteContaining Fluxes Marangoni Convection
Laser Beam Welding Arc Spectrometer Immersion Corrosion Test
T. ALSABTI is with Consulting Services Department, Saudi Aramco, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A. ALSHAWAF is with Saudi Basic Industrial Corp. (SABIC), Al Jubail,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. S. LIU is with Colorado School of Mines, Center for Welding, Joining and Coatings Research, Golden, Colo.
nied by the emission of a monochro-
matic light according to the following
equations (Refs. 7, 8):
E
1
E
2
= E = hv (1)
c = v (2)
where E is the change in energy, h is
Plancks constant, v is the frequency of
the emitted light, is the wavelength,
and c is the speed of light. The emitted
light will have a specific wavelength as
determined by the energy change as-
sociated with the electron during its
decay. Each decay
event in a given
atom has a charac-
teristic wavelength
of light associated
with it. It is the
unique emitted
spectra by certain
decay events that allow for detection
of the elements within an arc.
It has been shown by Bang,
Chirieleison, and Liu (Ref. 1) that in-
creasing amounts of a simple fluoride,
MgF
2
, both in paste and flux cored
wire form, increased weld bead pene-
tration in titanium by nearly 200%
over fluxes without the fluoride. In
their work, MgF
2
was used as an addi-
tion into CaF
2
, BaCl
2
, AlF
3
, and NaF.
The mechanism in this case was attrib-
uted to arc constriction. They ex-
plained that as the amount of flux va-
por entering the weld zone increases,
the thermal conductivity of the arc in-
creases and the arc constricts. This ex-
planation was supported by research
conducted by Zamkov, Prilutsky, and
Gurevich (Ref. 5). In addition, the elec-
trical conductivity of the arc will de-
crease with an increase in flux vapor
due to the trapping of electrons in the
outer peripheral region of the arc. In
this region, temperatures are generally
not high enough to fully dissociate
atoms into ions. The flux vapor exists
as molecules that can attract free elec-
trons to form negatively charged parti-
cles. The degree of arc constriction will
then depend on how effectively the va-
porized molecules can trap these elec-
trons. Bang, Chirieleison, and Liu (Ref.
1) also noticed the presence of titani-
um spectra lines when welding with
MgF
2
-containing fluxes. Without the
addition of MgF
2
, the spectra lines of
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 1 Illustration of excitation and decay of electron in energy
states in electronic structure in atoms or ions (Ref. 7).
Fig. 2 Aswelded GTA (autogenous and solid wire) and A
TIG welds (Wires 15 and 45).
Fig. 3 Arc constriction observed in the GTA and ATIG welds.
Fig. 4 Crosssection macrograph of the GTA and ATIG
welding.
Table 1 GTA Welding Parameters
GTA Welding Parameters
Machine Miller Dynasty 350 (GTA)
Current 180 A
Travel Speed 3 mm/s
Shielding Gas Type and Flow Argon (UHP G5.0), 0.275 L/s
Electrode Type and Size 2% Thoriated, 3.2 mm
Electrode Tip Preparation 45-deg included angle
Arc Length 5 mm
Table 2 Laser Welding Parameters
Laser Welding Parameters
Type/Mode Yb-Fiber Laser continuous wave mode/ Conduction mode
Power/Focus 1100 W/5 mm (under plate surface)
Travel Speed 3 mm/s
Shielding Gas Type and Flow Argon (UHP G4.5), 0.157 L/s
Wire Feed Rate 13 mm/s (Solid CP Ti-G2 wire)
4 mm/s (Wires 15 & 45)
titanium were absent. Hillier, Liu, and
Roepke (Ref. 2) investigated the ef-
fects of cryolite, which contains more
F
-
ions in its formula than MgF
2
.
Compared to MgF
2
flux pastes, welds
using cryolite pastes proved to be
more effective, netting up to two
times deeper penetration and depth-
to-width ratio. Thus, cryolite can be
considered a strong ingredient in an
activating flux.
This work attempted to character-
ize the effects of cryolite and distin-
guish the effects of arc constriction,
arc force, and Marangoni convection
on Ti weld penetration. Parallel to the
welding study, a corrosion study was
also carried out to determine the cor-
rosion resistance of these A-TIG welds
by comparing them to the autogenous
welds and base metal.
Experimental Procedure
Welding experiments were con-
ducted to examine the effects of se-
lected fluxes on penetration in com-
mercially-pure titanium (CP-Ti).
Commercially-pure titanium (Grade
2) solid wire and two tubular cored
wires containing cryolite in different
proportions [15% (Wire 15) and 45%
(Wire 45)] in a base flux that con-
tained 15% MgF
2
were manufactured
and tested. CaF
2
, BaCl
2
, AlF
3
, and
NaF were the remaining ingredients
in the fluxes. Autogenous GTAW was
done as reference (Table 1). Compari-
son between these two sets of welds
would clarify the effects of the acti-
vating flux on weld penetration.
Aside from A-TIG, laser beam welding
(LBW) was also done (Table 2). Since
LBW does not involve any significant
arc plasma, it was hoped comparison
of the two process-
es would elucidate
the effects of arc
plasma on weld
penetration. An
Ocean Optics USB
4000 spectrometer
was used to record
the arc emission
wavelengths and
relative intensities.
The arcs were also
photographed for
subsequent analy-
sis. The detector
range was between
200 and 1100 nm.
The collimating
lens size was 5 mm.
Other experimen-
tal data are listed
in Table 3.
Results and
Discussion
Results of GTAW
Experiments
The as-welded GTA and A-TIG
welds are shown in Fig. 2. The welds in
general showed good bead morpholo-
gy. Some evidence of oxidation and ni-
trogen pickup can also be seen indicat-
ing that impurities such as oxygen and
nitrogen may be present and negative-
ly affect the mechanical and corrosion
properties of the A-TIG welds. The im-
mersion corrosion test results are dis-
cussed at the end of this section.
The arc plasmas for the autogenous,
Wire 15, and Wire 45 welds were pho-
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 6 Arc force vs. weld penetration. Fig. 5 Weld penetration comparison for different fluoride flux
systems.
Table 3 Experimental Data
Plate Thickness 5.1 mm
Wire Diameter 1.57 mm
Wire Feed Rate 13 mm/s (Solid CP Ti-G2
wire)
4 mm/s (Wires 15 & 45)
Position of Feed Introduced into the front
of arc
Table 4 Arc Constricton Data for the
Experimental Welds
Weld Case Arc Constriction %
Area Method Line Method
Autogenous 0 0
Wire 15 21.0 7.5
Wire 45 5.5 0
Fig. 7 Aswelded condition with the laser welding process.
B
A
tographed for comparison, as shown in
Fig. 3. Arc constriction was measured by
two methods. The first was measuring
the area of the cross section of the arc,
as marked in Fig. 3. The second method
measured the length of the horizontal
line, i.e., the arc width, in the middle of
the arc length. Wire 15 showed greater
arc constriction than Wire 45 in both
methods, as shown in Table 4. Wire 15
exhibited 21% arc constriction as com-
pared to 5.5% for Wire 45 in the area
measurement method. Using the line
measurement method, Wire 15 showed
7.5% arc constriction whereas no arc
constriction was observed for Wire 45.
The welds were cross sectioned,
polished, and etched to measure the
weld penetration, as shown in Fig. 4.
Krolls reagent, containing 6 vol-%
HNO
3
, 2 vol-% HF, and 92 vol-% dis-
tilled water, was used for etching. The
weld penetration for each case was
measured and
recorded in Table 5.
Wire 45 was found
to have produced
the highest weld penetration of 3.5
mm followed by Wire 15 of 2.9 mm.
The autogenous weld penetration
measured only 2.2 mm. So, as the
content of the complex fluoride (cry-
olite) increased, the weld penetration
also increased, which confirmed re-
search work by Hillier et al. (Ref. 2).
Figure 5 shows a summary of weld
penetration of this research work using
A-TIG wires (15% and 45% cryolite +
15% MgF
2
), the A-TIG wires (15, 30, 45,
and 60% cryolite) reported by Hillier et
al. (Ref. 2), and the A-TIG wires (15, 30,
and 60% MgF
2
) from the research work
of Bang, Chirieleison, and Liu (Ref. 1).
The weld penetration of Wire 15 (com-
bined 15% cryolite and 15% MgF
2
) was
higher than the 15% MgF
2
and 15%
cryolite, respectively. On the other
hand, the weld penetration of 30% cryo-
lite was higher by around 1 mm than
the 30% MgF
2
weld. Also, the weld pen-
etration of 45% cryolite is much higher
than Wire 45 (45% cryolite + 15%
MgF
2
) and 60% MgF
2
, respectively.
Thus, increases in Na
3
AlF
6
played a
definite role in penetration. Overall,
mixed Na
3
AlF
6
plus MgF
2
fluxes in-
creased penetration over the MgF
2
ad-
dition alone, but did not promote deep-
er penetration than single cryolite or
magnesium fluoride additions at higher
concentrations. Cryolite promoted
greater penetration than the other flux
ingredients when added at 30 and 45%.
Effect of Arc Force
The arc force mechanism was inves-
tigated by measuring the R2/R1 ratios
from the photographed arcs of the au-
togenous, Wire 15, and Wire 45 welds
from this research work as well as the
arcs from the welds by Hillier et al.
The R2/R1 ratios were calculated by
using the following arc force equation
(the equation Converti) (Refs. 810):
where I is the welding current,
0
is
the permeability of free space, R
1
is
the radius of the arc where it contacts
the welding electrode, R
2
is the radius
of the arc where it contacts the base
plate. The arc force was plotted vs.
the weld penetration of each case in
Fig. 6. Despite the scatter in the data,
a clear relationship can be seen be-
tween arc force and weld penetration.
Increasing arc force increased weld
penetration. This finding is contrary
to the results reported by Burleigh
and Eagar (Ref. 11) who did not find
any correlation between the arc forces
and weld penetration of several flux
systems (Refs. 1215).
Results of Laser Welding
Process Experiments
The welds made by the laser welding
process in conduction mode are shown
in Fig. 7. The laser welding process was
chosen to eliminate the effect of arc
F
I
ln
R
R 8
1 2 (3)
0
2
2
1
=

WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 8 Crosssection macrograph of the laser welding process.
Fig. 9 Variation of the weld depthtoautogenous weld
depth ratio as a function of cryolite addition in the flux.
Table 5 Weld Penetraton Data for the
Experimental Welds
Weld Case Width (mm) Penetration
Depth, mm
Autogenous 5.5 2.2
Ti-CP G2 7.0 0.6
Wire 15 6.0 2.9
Wire 45 7.1 3.5
Table 6 Weld Penetraton for Laser Welding
Process
Weld Case Width (mm) Penetration
Depth (mm)
Autogenous 7.5 3.9
Ti-CP G2 5.4 3.0
Wire 15 4.8 2.3
Wire 45 5.5 2.7
constriction in an attempt to clarify
whether Marangoni convection is pres-
ent in these welds. Increasing weld pen-
etration in these experiments would in-
dicate a contribution of surface-tension-
driven flow. The consumable in the
form of a wire was laid on top of the
plate prior to laser irradiation. The laser
beam was then rastered over the wire
and the plate. Total melting of the wire
and wetting of the plate was observed.
The welds were sectioned, polished, and
etched, and the cross sections are
shown in Fig. 8.
Table 6 lists the weld penetration of
each case. It was observed that the weld
made using Wire 45 had slightly deeper
penetration (2.7 mm) than the Wire 15
weld (2.3 mm). However, weld penetra-
tions that resulted from both of the A-
TIG wires were lower than those of the
solid Ti-CP G2 wire (3.0 mm) and the
autogenous laser weld (3.9 mm). The
reason for having lower weld penetra-
tion for all three wires than for the au-
togenous laser weld is likely because of
the placement of the wire on top of the
test plate. By positioning the wire on
top of the test plate, most of the laser
power was consumed in the melting of
the wire and little was left for the melt-
ing of the base plate to form the weld
pool, thus the shallower welds. It also
appeared that the flux cored wires ab-
sorbed more energy from the laser
beam than the solid wire, which would
explain why the A-TIG welds have lower
weld penetration than the solid Ti-CP
G2 wire.
Figure 9 shows the calculated weld
depths normalized by the autogenous
weld depth for both A-TIG and laser
welding. The normalized depths for
the laser welding remained practically
unchanged despite increasing cryolite
content. Contrarily, the A-TIG welds
showed normalized weld depths in-
crease with increasing cryolite addi-
tion. Thus, it can be concluded that
Marangoni convection did not have
any significant contribution as a driv-
ing mechanism in increasing weld pen-
etration. This finding is supported by
the findings of Howes and Lucas (Ref.
16). Using A-TIG pastes for stainless
steel by laser and electron beam weld-
ing, they concluded that A-TIG fluxes
are effective only for welds done by arc
and plasma welding processes.
Temperature and Concentration
Calculation Results
The spectral lines data collected by
arc spectrometer from the autogenous
GTA weld, and the A-TIG welds with
Wires 15 and 45 were processed and
mapped in Figs. 1014. Using a Math-
ematica program, the spectral line
emission data collected from each weld
case were processed and used to deter-
mine the temperature of the arc and
the concentrations of arc constituents
by the off-axis peak method (Fowler-
Milne Method). The asymmetrical be-
havior in the spectral peaks in these
figures is most likely due to the single
scanning of the arc position. The emis-
sion data were collected from individ-
ual slices of the arc along the line of
sight of the spectrometer. Note that
continual scanning of the entire cross
section of the arc would have allowed
for the Abel Inversion calculation and
captured the entire arc emission sig-
nals to result in a more symmetrical
distribution in the spectral peaks.
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 11 Major spectra peaks across autogenous weld.
Fig. 13 Major spectra peaks across Wire 15 weld. Fig. 12 Emission spectral line peaks from Wire 15 weld.
Fig. 10 Emission spectral line peaks from autogenous weld.
However, single scans like the ones de-
scribed in this work are still useful to
gain insight to the arc during titanium
welding. Neutral argon (Ar I) spectral
lines were dominant for the autoge-
nous welding arc, as indicated in Fig.
8. In addition, very low intensity spec-
tral lines of ionized argon (Ar II) and
titanium vapor (Ti I) are visible in
Figs. 10 and 11. Despite the molten ti-
tanium weld pool, little titanium vapor
was absorbed above the weld. Figure
11 plots the emission coefficients for
specific wavelengths for Ar I from one
edge of the arc to the other. In com-
parison, Wire 15 has more spectral
lines for other constituents such as
first ionized titanium (Ti II), neutral
vanadium (V I), neutral sodium (Na I),
and neutral magnesium (Mg I), as
shown in Figs. 12 and 13.
Spectral lines of other constituents
such as neutral aluminum (Al I) might
be hidden behind the lines of the oth-
er elements mentioned earlier. This
limitation is partly due to the low res-
olution of the specific arc spectrome-
ter used. The collimating lens size of
5.0 mm was much larger than the
condition of not more than 0.25
mm that Hiraoka (Ref. 17) had sug-
gested in order to limit the error of
line intensities within 3%. The spec-
tral lines of fluorides were difficult to
observe because of their higher ener-
gy levels and that the transition prob-
abilities are lower than those of
metallic constituents such as magne-
sium or sodium. As for Wire 45, more
constituents are found in the arc as
well as higher intensities as shown in
Figs. 14 and 15. First ionized titani-
um (Ti II) lines were noticed and they
had higher intensity than the neutral
titanium (Ti I) lines. Also, neutral
sodium (Na I) lines were increased
across the weld in general. The neu-
tral sodium came mainly from the
dissociation of cryolite (Refs. 1820).
The asymmetric distribution of the
different species, e.g., Ar I and Na I, is
a reflection of the fact that spectral
data collection was from a slice of the
arc and not considering the entire arc
column. (Refs. 2123).
Figure 16 shows the arc tempera-
ture of each weld case. At the center
of the weld, the autogenous welding
arc had the lowest temperature of
around 17,500 K. The Wire 15 weld-
ing arc temperature was approximate-
ly 2800 K higher at the center of the
arc and the weld penetration was
around 0.6 mm deeper than the auto-
genous welds. The Wire 45 welding
arc was approximately 5000 K higher
than the Wire 15 arc and the weld
penetration was around 0.6 mm
deeper. A possible explanation for
this behavior is the greater contribu-
tion of arc temperature observed in
Wire 45. The arc force calculated for
the two welding wires were quite sim-
ilar, 0.0042 N for Wire 15 and 0.0045
N for Wire 45, implying that the
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 15 Major spectra peaks across Wire 45 weld.
Fig. 17 Autogenous welding arc constituent concentrations. Fig. 16 Arc temperature profile.
Fig. 14 Emission spectral line peaks from Wire 45 weld.
contribution of arc force in weld
depth for these two welds would be
similar. As for concentrations of the
arc constituents, the autogenous weld
contained approximately 80% neutral
argon (Ar I) and 20% first ionized ar-
gon (Ar II) in the center of the weld.
The second ionized argon (Ar III) and
neutral titanium (Ti I) made up about
0.2% of the arc in the center of the
weld, as shown in Fig. 17. The neutral
argon (Ar I) percentage in the arc in-
creased with increasing distance from
the center of the arc Fig. 17. The
first ionized argon (Ar II) decreased
gradually until 3.6 mm away from the
center of the arc.
The concentration of the con-
stituents of the Wire 15 arc (Fig. 18)
shows decreasing neutral argon con-
centration from 70% at the center of
the weld to 55% at 3.3 mm away from
the center, mainly due to the increase
of neutral sodium to around 24%. At
distances greater than 5.0 mm from
the center of the arc, only Ar I was
observed. The concentrations of neu-
tral and first ionized titanium, neu-
tral vanadium, and neutral magne-
sium all increase in the core of the
arc. The concentration of the first
ionized titanium also increased to
5.5% as compared to 0.6% concentra-
tion of neutral titanium. The arc data
on ionized titanium support the high-
er calculated arc temperatures. The
Wire 45 weld (Fig. 19) shows a larger
number of constituents present and
higher concentration percentages for
the metallic constituents in the arc
than Wire 15 (Table 7). Neutral and
first ionized barium were also ob-
served in the arc due to its high tem-
perature (Refs. 24, 25).
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 18 Wire 15 welding arc constituent concentrations. Fig. 19 Wire 45 welding arc constituent concentrations.
Table 7 Comparison between Wires 15 and 45
Wire 15 Wire 45
Arc Constriction 21% 5.5%
Arc Force 0.0042 N 0.0045 N
Arc Temperature 20177 K 25177 K
Weld Penetration 2.9 mm 3.5 mm
(A-TIG)
Weld Penetration 2.3 mm 2.7 mm
(Laser)
Table 8 Corrosion Rate Based on Equaton 4
in mm/year
0.1% H
3
PO
4
3.5% NaCl
Base Plate 0.1 0.05
HAZ Weld HAZ
GTAW-AUT 0.1 0.1 0.1
GTAW-Ti-CP G2 0.2 0.2 0.1
A-TIG-45 0.2 0.2 0.1
A-TIG-15 0.2 0.2 0.1
LAS-Ti-CP G2 0.2 0.2 0.1
LAS-AUT 0.1 0.1 0.1
LAS-45 0.1 0.2 0.1
LAS-15 0.2 0.1 0.1
Fig. 20 The average mass gain in both solutions compared to the titanium base plate.
Immersion Corrosion Test of
Titanium in NaCl and H
3
PO
4
Environment at 25C
The corrosion resistance of titani-
um is based on the presence of a sta-
ble, continuous, and adherent oxide
layer. This layer forms spontaneously
and immediately upon exposure to
oxygen. If damaged, it re-forms readily
as long as there is some source of oxy-
gen (air or moisture) in the environ-
ment (Ref. 26).
The immersion corrosion test was
conducted according to NACE
TM0169/G31-12a. Samples were ex-
tracted from both the laser and GTA
welding processes and then prepared
by grinding on No. 120 abrasive SiC
paper. Each zone of the weld was stud-
ied separately because some welds may
be cathodic or anodic to the base metal
and may affect the corrosion rate. Cor-
rosion of welded specimens is normal-
ly localized and not representative of
the entire surface. The test duration
was 800 h. Samples were weighed us-
ing an electronic analytical balance.
The weights of polished and dried
samples before immersion and washed
and dried samples after immersion
were measured and the mean values
determined. All samples gained mass
because of the titanium oxide forma-
tion. The average mass gain is 2 to 5
mg depending on the solution, as
shown in Fig. 20. The corrosion rates
of the samples were also calculated us-
ing the following equation:
Corrosion rate = (K W)/(A T D) (4)
where K is a constant equal to 8.76
10
4
, T is time of exposure in hours, A is
area in cm
2
, W is mass loss in grams,
and D is density (Ti = 4.54 g/cm
3
). The
corrosion rates calculated according to
this equation for titanium in sodium
chloride solution and in phosphoric acid
solution are shown in Table 8. As a re-
sult of the sample mass gain, the corro-
sion products of the titanium must have
deposited and attached on the Ti sam-
ple surface. The above results seem to
corroborate the formation of titanium
oxide phosphate on titanium surface in
phosphoric acid. This observation is
supported by a number of experimental
results in literature as follows: by nu-
clear reaction analysis, Ferdjani et al.
(Ref. 27) found phosphate incorpora-
tion in titanium oxide formed by an-
odization in 3.0 mol/L H
3
PO
4
solution;
by qualitative EDS analysis, Krasicka-
Cydzik (Ref. 28) found titanium phos-
phate deposit in the form of an amor-
phous thin layer in anodized commer-
cially pure titanium in 0.5 mol/L phos-
phoric acid; by FT-IR study, Narayanan
et al. (Ref. 29) also showed the presence
of titanium oxide phosphate in the tita-
nium surface anodized in 0.3 mol/L
phosphoric acid.
From the experiments, the corro-
sion resistance of the titanium base
plate and all laser and GTA welded ti-
tanium samples was higher in the
NaCl solution than in the H
3
PO
4
solu-
tion. The mass gain in the NaCl solu-
tion was around 2 mg while it was
around 5 mg in the H
3
PO
4
. It was no-
ticed that GTA welded Ti-CP G2 sam-
ples had the highest mass gain (~ 5
mg) in the H
3
PO
4
solution followed
by the fluoride-containing wires and
then the base plate with the autoge-
nous weld samples. The mass gain for
the laser weld and heat-affected zone
samples for Ti-CP G2 was about 4 mg
while it reached 5 mg when GTAW was
used. It was noticed previously in the
GTA and laser welding discussion sec-
tions that the solid wire (Ti-CP G2) ab-
sorbed more energy (compared to the
flux cored wires) from the laser beam
to result in deeper penetration. Less
penetration resulted from the GTAW
process. It seems that the level of en-
ergy absorption from both welding
processes does not much affect the
corrosion resistance of the solid wire
(Ti-CP G2). Rather, it is more related
to the chemical composition and the
purity of the alloy grade. In general,
the higher the purity of CP Ti, the
greater the corrosion resistance. The
solid wire Ti-CP G2, with very low im-
purity levels, has been widely used be-
cause it is capable of performing well
in many critical corrosion applications
such as marine environments and
chemical processing. In seawater, it is
fully resistant to corrosion at tempera-
tures up to 315C (600F) (Ref. 30).
Hence, A-TIG welds showed a slightly
higher corrosion rate than the laser
welds. The autogenous welds in both
welding processes showed the lowest
corrosion rate. It can be concluded
that the corrosion resistance of the
welds produced with Wires 45 and 15
are higher than those with Ti-CP G2.
Conclusion
Arc constriction, arc force, and arc
temperature are confirmed to be the
driving mechanisms of the A-TIG
welding process. As the cryolite con-
tent in the flux increases, the weld
penetration, arc force, and arc temper-
ature increase as well. The increase in
arc temperature led to increases in arc
constituent concentrations. The arc
constricts with the increase of cryolite
content in the flux up to a certain per-
centage and then decreases with fur-
ther cryolite addition. Comparison be-
tween the depths of the activated and
autogenous welds showed Marangoni
convection does not have a significant
contribution as a driving force in the
weld penetration. It was found that arc
constriction and arc temperature are
the two dominant driving mechanisms
in weld penetration for fluxes of lower
cryolite contents. As for fluxes with
higher cryolite contents, the arc tem-
perature is the main mechanisms for
weld penetration. Finally, Wires 45
and 15 produced welds with much bet-
ter corrosion resistance than Ti-CP
G2. For all three wires and autogenous
welds, the phosphoric acid solution
caused greater corrosion than the
sodium chloride solution.
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S. 2005. Gas tungsten arc welding of titani-
um using flux cored wire with magnesium
fluoride. Science and Technology of Welding
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plates using cryolite-containing flux pastes
and flux-cored wires. Proceeding of the AWS
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national Conference on the Joining of Materi-
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WELDING RESEARCH
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WELDING RESEARCH
Call for Papers
JOM18
18th Internatonal Conference on Joining Materials
Insttute for the Joining of Materials in associaton with IIW
Helsingr, Denmark, April 2629, 2015
Download the brochure detailing topics, expenses, and registration form at:
www.aws.org/wj/JOM-18-CallForPapers.pdf
Review the brochure for conference topics. E-mail a title and short abstract of your paper before Nov. 2, 2014.
You will receive author guidelines for preparation of the full paper by Nov. 30. Te full paper for publication in the Con-
ference Proceedings must be received by Jan. 15, 2015. E-mail to jom_aws@post10.tele.dk.
WELDING RESEARCH
WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014 , VOL. 93 388-s
Introduction
Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW)
(Ref. 1) is the primary process used for
precise joining of metals. The GTAW
process is illustrated in Fig. 1. An arc is
established between the nonconsum-
able tungsten electrode and the base
metal. The base metal is melted by the
arc forming a liquid weld pool that
joins the two pieces of base metal to-
gether after solidification. Manual
GTAW is commonly used in industry,
especially for applications where feed-
back from the process may help to
maintain weld quality and overcome
possible process variations. In this
process, skilled welders can often
make adjustments based on their
observation of the liquid weld pool
surface.
Those real-time adjustments often
lead to desired weld bead geometry
characterized by backside bead width
w
b
and positive reinforcement h
b
Fig. 2. Welding robots are preferred in

many applications since they outper-
form human welders whose perform-
ance degrades because of their physi-
cal limitations (inconsistent concen-
tration, fatigue, stress, and long-term
health issues). Unfortunately, current
industrial welding robots are basically
articulated arms with a prepro-
grammed set of movements, and they
lack the intelligence skilled human
welders possess. They require preci-
sion prepared workpieces with little
variation in geometry and material
properties. Therefore, their applica-
tions are mostly limited to assembly
lines for mass-produced products,
such as automobiles, where workpiece
preparation is controllable at reason-
able costs.
However, as outlined in the nation-
al robotic report (Ref. 2), the trend in
manufacturing is to produce cus-
tomized products in small batches
where ideal automated production
lines are not cost effective. As such,
welding robots that possess intelli-
gence comparable to skilled welders
but with fewer physical restrictions
and that can work in harsh environ-
ments will be one of the keys to main-
taining a competitive manufacturing
industry despite relatively high labor
costs/wages. The resultant intelligent
welding robots may also help resolve
the skilled welder shortage issue the
manufacturing industry is currently
facing.
In this research, a novel human-
Learning Human Welder Movement in Pipe GTAW:
A Virtualized Welding Approach
A human welders speed adjustment under different welding
currents was established through virtualized welding
BY Y. K. LIU, Z. SHAO, AND Y. M. ZHANG
ABSTRACT
Robotic welding is often preferred for its outperformance over human welders who
are subject to physical limitations to maintain the needed consistency. Unfortunately, in
dustrial welding robots are basically articulated arms with a preprogrammed set of
movements, lacking the intelligence skilled human welders possess. This paper aims to
present a virtualized welding system that enables learning from human welder
intelligence for transferring into a welding robot. In particular, a 6DOF UR5 industrial
robot arm equipped with sensors observed the welding process and performed actual
welding. A human welder operated a virtualized welding torch to adjust the welding
speed based on the visual feedback from the sensors, and the motion of the virtualized
torch was recorded and tracked by the robot arm. Nine such teleoperated welding exper
iments were conducted on pipe using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) under different
welding currents to correlate the welding speed to the welding current. Robotic welding
experiments, with the robot travel speed determined per the given welding current from
the resultant correlation, verified that for top part of the pipe between 11 and 1 oclock,
adjusting the welding speed per the current used is adequate to generate acceptable
welds. The obtained correlation between the welding speed and welding current could
be used in humanmachine cooperative control. It may also provide a constraint for auto
mated welding process control. A foundation is thus established to utilize human intelli
gence and transfer it to welding robots.
KEYWORDS
Virtualized Welding Welding Robots Gas Tungsten Arc
Welding (GTAW) Pipe Welding
Y. K. LIU and Y. M. ZHANG (yuming.zhang@uky.edu) are with the Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing and Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky. Z. SHAO is with Adaptive Intelligent Systems LLC, Lexington, Ky.
WELDING RESEARCH
OCTOBER 2014 / WELDING JOURNAL389-s
machine cooperative welding para-
digm, virtualized welding (Ref. 3), is
utilized to transfer human intelligence
to welding robots. In this framework,
a welding robot working in the actual
welding environment was augmented
with sensors to observe the workpiece
and reconstruct the 3D weld pool sur-
face. The obtained data from the sen-
sors as feedback from an actual weld-
ing process is viewed by a human
welder in a virtualized welding envi-
ronment, and the welder adjusts the
welding parameters accordingly. The
data and adjustments would also be
recorded/analyzed to model how the
welder responded to the 3D weld pool
surface, which is believed to be the
major source of feedback information
a welder may acquire during the weld-
ing process, to enable transformation
of human intelligence to the welding
robot to form autonomous intelligent
welding robots. This research serves as
the first study in modeling and analyz-
ing human adjustment using the pro-
posed virtualized welding platform.
Major welding parameters in manu-
al GTAW include welding current,
welding speed, torch orientation, and
arc length. In a particular automated
control system, however, only a few
selected parameters should be adjust-
ed to compensate against the effects
from possible variations in the
process. Among all the major welding
parameters, an increase in the welding
current and a decrease in the welding
speed will significantly increase the
heat input into the welding process,
thus consider-
ably influencing
the weld pool
surface geome-
try. In the au-
thors previous
studies (Refs.
46), welding
current was uti-
lized to control
the welding
process. Howev-
er, in many pipe
welding applica-
tions, the pipe is
often fixed and cannot be rotated dur-
ing welding (e.g., 5G fixed position,
that is, the axis of the pipes is horizon-
tal; the pipe stays stationary during
welding; and the welding torch will be
moving along the weld joint (Ref. 7).
Normally, welders choose a prede-
fined welding current and move the
torch along the pipe since the move-
ment of the torch can be conveniently
adjusted by a human welder to over-
come the effects from variations. In
this study, a welders movement along
the welding direction was studied. Al-
though other welding parameters
(such as torch orientation and arc
length) can certainly have an impact
on the welding process, for the top
part of the pipe, controlling the weld-
ing speed, as confirmed by experi-
ments, is sufficient to generate satis-
factory welds.
The learned correlation between
the welding current and welders cor-
responding movement (i.e., the weld-
ing speed) can be used for human-
machine cooperative controlled pipe
welding applications where an un-
skilled human welder operates a virtu-
alized welding torch determining the
welding speed while the welding ma-
chine could compensate for his/her in-
correct movement by adjusting the
welding current. For automated weld-
ing machines that need to simultane-
ously control the frontside weld pool
characteristic parameters and backside
weld penetration by adjusting welding
current and speed, the proposed corre-
lation could also provide an
interval/constraint for welding process
input parameters, which will then be
utilized to calculate the optimized
welding current and speed.
The remainder of the paper is or-
ganized as follows: In the next section,
related work is detailed. In the third
section, an overview of the virtual
welding system is provided. In the
fourth section, experimentation is de-
tailed and data from nine teleoperated
Fig. 1 Illustration of GTAW.
Fig. 2 Weld pool and complete joint penetration.
Fig. 3 General view of the virtualized welding system. It con
sists of a real welding workstation and virtual welding worksta
tion. Data communication between these two workstations is
through Ethernet.
WELDING RESEARCH
welding experiments are presented/
analyzed. A linear correlation was
found between welding current and
speed. Automated welding experi-
ments were conducted under different
welding currents, in which the pro-
posed correlation was utilized to calcu-
late the welding speed needed for each
welding current. Experimental results
are presented in the fifth section, fol-
lowed by conclusions.
Related Work
Welding process sensing and con-
trol are fundamental problems in au-
tomated welding.
While the back-
side bead width
(illustrated in Fig.
2) that quantifies
the weld joint
penetration is di-
rectly observable
from the backside
of the workpiece,
topside sensors
that may be con-
veniently at-
tached to the
welding torch are
preferred. Vari-
ous topside sen-
sors have been
proposed based
on pool oscilla-
tion (Ref. 8), ul-
trasonic (Ref. 9),
infrared (Refs.
10, 11), radi-
ographic (Ref. 12), and other methods.
The vision-based sensing method,
however, is more direct and promi-
nent. The weld pool geometry is be-
lieved to provide valuable insights into
the state of the welding process.
Several 3D weld pool measurement
methods have been proposed, includ-
ing model-based reconstruction (Ref.
13), stereo-vision measurement (Refs.
14, 15), shape from shading (Refs. 16,
17), and structured light-based sens-
ing (Refs. 18, 19). Depending on the
sensing method used, the welding
process control systems can also be
categorized into pool oscillation-based
control (Ref. 20), radiography-based
control (Ref. 21), thermal-based con-
trol (Refs. 22, 23), and vision-based
control (Refs. 2431).
Among all the above control meth-
ods, the vision-based control method
is more direct as an emulation of the
estimation and decision-making
process of a human welder. Zhang
(Refs. 25, 26) proposed an adaptive
predictive and neuro-fuzzy model-
based control algorithm to control the
frontside weld pool width and back-
side bead width. Chen (Refs. 27, 28)
proposed a self-learning fuzzy neural
network controller to simultaneously
control the weld pool length and
width. Tsai (Ref. 29) proposed an au-
tomatic pulsed GTA pipe welding sys-
tem with fuzzy control technique to
control the width of the pool. Liu and
Zhang (Refs. 30, 31) controlled the
weld pool geometry and weld penetra-
tion using a recently developed 3D
weld pool sensing method detailed in
(Ref. 19).
Human welder intelligence-based
modeling and control provides an al-
ternative route to develop welding
process control algorithms. Conven-
tional welding process control meth-
ods (Refs. 2031) typically involve two
steps: modeling of the welding process
and design of the control algorithm.
As an alternative method in this pa-
per, the design of the control algo-
rithm becomes a one-step process
modeling a human welders response
as a function of feedback from the sen-
sor. The design becomes simpler and
Fig. 4 UR5 robot arm and sensing system. A UR5 robot
arm with a compact 3D weld pool surface sensing system; B
detailed view of the compact sensing system; C reconstructed
3D surface of a convex mirror (Ref. 40).
A B
C
WELDING JOURNAL / OCTOBER 2014 , VOL. 93 390-s
WELDING RESEARCH
less designer dependent. In addition,
human responses are considered reli-
able and robust for applications where
human welders are currently relied on
before other effective methods are ad-
equately developed. Learning a human
welders response would provide a con-
venient method to take advantage of
valuable human welder experience and
provide the foundation to exceed a hu-
man welders physical limitations
(Refs. 46).
Welder training systems have been
investigated in the manufacturing in-
dustry to accelerate the learning
process and compen-
sate for the shortage
of a welding instruc-
tor (e.g., EWI Ad-
vanceTrainer
TM
(Ref.
32) and RealWeld
Trainer
TM
(Ref. 33)).
Recently, virtual re-
ality (VR) has been
recognized for its
value in welder
training (Ref. 34).
Some sophisticated
systems for training
with a head-mount-
ed display (HMD)
have been proposed
recently, such as
ARC+ (Ref. 35), the
Fronius virtual weld-
ing system (Ref. 36),
and VRTEX 360
(Ref. 37). However,

these systems do not employ a see-
through method; instead, they apply
fully simulated environment on the
display.
Among these VR methods, VRTEX
360 is considered one of the most so-
phisticated welder training systems. A
mock-up welding torch is equipped
with sensors so that it can be fully
tracked. A welders helmet is fitted
with HMD to provide simulated im-
ages. As a training tool, the images
shown to the trainee are entirely simu-
lated. While this may be adequate for
the purpose of training, it is unlikely
to be able to simulate the complexity
and possible variations in a real weld-
ing environment. Another drawback is
that the focus distance is fixed in most
display types, resulting in poor eye ac-
commodation.
In this study, we chose to use aug-
mented reality (AR) techniques (Refs.
38, 39) for the visualization aspect of
virtualized welding. This AR allows a
user to see the real world with virtual
objects superimposed upon or com-
posited with the real world. Although
AR has been used in many application
areas including education, health care,
military, and entertainment, its appli-
cation in welding and welder intelli-
gence learning has not yet been
reported.
Virtualized Welding
System Overview
The virtualized welding system uti-
lized in this study (shown in Fig. 3)
consists of two workstations a
welding station and virtual station. In
the virtual station, a human welder
can view the mockup where the weld
pool images (from direct viewing or
eye view camera) is rendered and dis-
played, and moves the virtual welding
torch accordingly as if he/she is right
in front of the workpiece. The human
welder movement is accurately cap-
Fig. 5 A Detailed view of the virtual station. Major com
ponents include a Leap motion tracking sensor, mockup pipe,
computer screen, highresolution camera, and projector; B
virtual welding torch.
Fig. 6 Visualization of the pipe. A Eye view of the workpiece;
B virtual view of the mockup. The image from the eye view
camera has been visualized on the mockup. C Closeup view; D
the mockup at different points of view.
A A
B
B
D C
WELDING RESEARCH
tured by a Leap motion sensor, and
the obtained 3D virtual welding torch
tip coordinates will be sent to the PC.
The robot arm equipped with the
welding torch receives commands via
Ethernet from the PC including the
next pose (robot tool 3D position and
orientation) and robot tool movement
speed. It then executes the command
and sends the current robot tool posi-
tion back to the PC.
Welding Station
The welding station consists of an
industrial welding robot, eye view
camera, and a compact 3D weld pool
surface sensing system (Ref. 40). The
robot utilized in this study (depicted
in Fig. 4A) is a Universal Robot, UR-5,
with six degrees of freedom (DOF).
The UR-5 industrial robot is a six-
jointed robot arm with a low weight of
18 kilos, lifting ability of 5 kilos, and
working radius of 85 cm, respectively.
The repeatability of the robot is 0.1
mm. The robot is connected to a con-
troller, which is used to control the
motions of the robot. There is a touch
pad user interface that allows the user
to program, control, and move the ro-
bot. The robot can also be pro-
grammed using URScript, a script lan-
guage developed by the robot manu-
facturer. The robot (client) and PC
(server) is communicated via Ethernet
using TCP/IP protocol and socket pro-
gramming.
Figure 4B shows the developed
compact 3D weld pool surface sensing
system for our robotic welding system
(Ref. 40). In this system, a low-power
laser (19 by 19 structure light pattern)
is projected to the weld pool surface,
and its reflection from the specular
weld pool surface is intercepted and
imaged by a CCD camera (camera 1 in
Fig. 4B). It is known that arc light is an
omnidirectional light source. Its inten-
sity decreases quadratically with the
distance traveled, but the laser, due to
its coherent nature, does not signifi-
cantly lose its intensity. Hence, it is
possible to intercept the reflection of
the illumination laser from the weld
pool surface with an imaging plane
placed at an appropriate distance from
the arc.
From the distorted reflection pat-
tern on the imaging plane and the as-
sumption of a smooth weld pool sur-
face, the 3D shape of the weld pool
surface can be obtained. By using a
specific image processing and recon-
struction algorithm (Ref. 19), a 3D
specular weld pool can be reconstruct-
ed in real time. This 3D weld pool
geometry information will be utilized
to correlate the welders movement
and the 3D weld pool geometry to en-
able the adaptive and accurate control
of the welding process. To verify the
effectiveness and accuracy of the com-
pact 3D weld pool surface sensing sys-
tem, a spherical convex mirror with
known geometry (Edmund Optics
NT64-057) is used as a benchmark
(Ref. 40). The reconstructed 3D weld
pool surface is depicted in Fig. 4C. It is
observed that most of the height er-
rors are within 0.06 mm, especially in
the central range of the weld pool.
Virtual Station
The visualization system employs a
computer screen for displaying the
rendered visual information from the
eye view camera over the flat work-
piece Fig. 5. If the workpiece is a
3D-shaped object (e.g., pipe), the visu-
alization system employs a mockup
pipe with the same dimensions as an
actual pipe and projects rendered
video on its surface. The 3D scanning
system consists of a high-resolution
camera and projector. By utilizing the
structured light scan algorithm (Ref.
41) with subpixel refinement (Ref. 42)
for reconstructing the geometry of a
3D object, this system can provide a
high accuracy point cloud and mesh of
the mockup.
In the authors previous paper (Ref.
40), virtual welding for a flat work-
piece has been discussed. In this study,
a pipe welding application with 3D vi-
sualization is examined. Figure 5B
shows the virtual welding torch.
Figure 6 shows the visualization of
Fig. 7 AC Sample images from camera 2 (eye view) with welding currents 45, 50,
and 55 A, respectively. DF Corresponding images from camera 1 (structured light
laser dots that will then be used for 3D weld pool reconstruction) corresponding to AC.
Table 1 Welding Parameters
Current(A) Welding Arc Length Argon
Speed mm Flow Rate
(mm/s) (L/min)
45, 50, 55 4 11.8
A B C
D E F
WELDING RESEARCH
the pipe. Both the eye view of the
workpiece (Fig. 6A) and virtual view of
the mockup (together with the visual-
ized eye view image) are presented. It
will be shown that the proposed sys-
tem is able to conduct virtual welding
experiments whose data will then be
recorded and utilized to form a welder
response model.
Experimentation
Nine teleoperated experiments are
conducted in this section, and the ex-
perimental results are presented plus
analyzed.
Experiment
Stainless steel pipe was welded us-
ing the direct current electrode nega-
tive GTAW process. The material of
the pipe was stainless steel 304. The
outer diameter and wall thickness of
the pipe were 113.5 and 2.03 mm, re-
spectively. The welding parameters are
illustrated in Table 1. The welding cur-
rent was selected as one of the three
typical values representing small,
medium, and large welding current
(45, 50, and 55 A). The arc length was
maintained at 4 mm. The human
welder observes the virtualized weld
pool rendered on the mockup pipe
and controls the virtual welding torch
movement (i.e., welding speed)
accordingly.
Figure 7 de-
picts sample im-
ages captured in
these welding ex-
periments with
the welding cur-
rent being 45, 50,
and 55 A, respec-
tively.
Figure 7AC
are the images
captured by cam-
era 2 (i.e., eye
view). As can be
observed, different welding currents
and welding speeds generate different
weld pool shapes. The welder can ob-
serve the weld pool and move the vir-
tual welding torch accordingly based
on this visual feedback. It is noted that
images from the eye view camera are
only for a human welder to view and
control the welding process. For an au-
tomated welding task, however, eye
view images can only be used to get 2D
information from the weld pool (weld
pool width and length). 3D weld pool
geometry is relatively difficult to be
extracted from these images. Instead,
images from camera 1 (in Fig. 4B) will
be utilized to reconstruct 3D weld pool
shape using a specific image process-
ing and reconstruction algorithm
(Ref. 19).
Figure 7DF are the images from
camera 1 (structured light laser reflec-
tion dots). It is observed that different
weld pool shapes (shown in Fig. 7AC)
generate different laser reflection pat-
terns, and these patterns contain 3D
shape information that can then be
used for reconstruction.
Figure 8 illustrates a welders hand
movement captured by the Leap mo-
tion sensor in a sample of experi-
ments. It is noticed that the welder
moves the virtual welding torch along
the welding direction (x axis). For y
axis movement (perpendicular to the
welding direction), the coordinates are
near 240 mm most of the time. How-
ever, deviations are frequently ob-
served. In our study, which is pipe
welding along a circular straight line
around a pipe circumference, the
movement along the y axis is not nec-
essary and should be considered as
noise. For other applications where y
axis movement is necessary, y axis can
also be tracked.
In automated pipe welding with no
filler metal, the welding torch should
always be perpendicular to the work-
Fig. 8 A human hand movement captured by the Leap motion
sensor in a sample experiment.
Fig. 10 Nine welding experiments with different welding
currents.
Fig. 9 Tracking performance along the welding direction (x
axis) for the human hand movement in Fig. 8.
WELDING RESEARCH
piece. Once the x axis movement is ac-
curately tracked, the movement along
the z axis and x, y, z orientations can
be properly determined. It will be
shown in the automated welding ex-
periment section that satisfactory
welds can be obtained for welding the
top part of the pipe. For full position
pipe welding, however, this is not the
case. In positions other than the top
part of the pipe, a certain angle be-
tween the welding torch and pipe sur-
face may be required to provide addi-
tional control on the arc pressure act-
ing on the weld pool against gravita-
tional force (Ref. 7).
Future study will focus on full posi-
tion pipe welding where the torch ori-
entation will also be tracked, learned,
and adjusted.
Figure 9 shows the tracking per-
formance in the x direction. It is ob-
served that using the proposed predic-
tive control algorithm in Ref. 3, the ro-
bot can track the human movement
with sufficient accuracy.
Data Processing
Nine teleoperated experiments
were conducted by a human welder. In
experiments 13, the welding current
is set at 45 A. In experiments 46, the
welding current was set at 50 A. In ex-
periments 79, the welding current
was set at 55 A. Other welding param-
eters were the same as those specified
in Table 1.
Figure 10 presents the x position
data in nine experi-
ments. Generally,
for relatively larger
welding current (55
A), the human
welder moved the
torch at greater
speeds (or finished
welding with less
time, in about 45 to
50 s). For medium
welding current (50
A), the human
welder used medi-
um movement
speeds throughout
the experiments and finished the
welding task in about 60 s. For small
welding current (45 A), the welder
used a lower welding speed and finish-
es the welding tasks in about 70 to 90
s. It is noticed, however, that speed
variations occurred in these experi-
ments for the same welding current.
This is understandable because the hu-
man welder determines his/her move-
ment based on his observation of the
weld pool. However, trends in the
welding speed with respect to the
welding current can be easily ob-
served.
In the next subsection, these data
will be utilized to learn the human
movement.
It is observed in Fig. 10 that a hu-
man hand movement contains high
frequency and needs to be filtered be-
fore learning. A low-pass filter was de-
signed as follows
where D
x,k
is x position coordinate be-
fore filtering at instant k while D
xf,k
and D
xf, k1
are filtered x position coor-
dinates at instant k and k1, respec-
tively. S
xf,k
is the filtered speed along
the x axis, and T
s
is the sampling time
(0.5 s). (0,1) is the smoothing co-
efficient. As becomes larger, the po-
sition deviates from the actual human
movement but with better robustness
and smoothness. It is observed that
= 0.9 can achieve a good tradeoff be-
tween tracking a human movement
and smoothness.
Figure 11 shows the filtered posi-
tion and speed in experiment 4. It is
observed that the filter is able to
smooth the position and speed signal.
D D D
S D D T
xf ,k xf ,k x ,k
xf ,k xf ,k xf ,k s
(1 )
( )/
(1)
1
1
= +
=
Fig. 11 Comparison between before and after filtering (x po

sition and welding speed) in experiment 4.
Fig. 12 Normalized power spectrum before and after filter
ing in nine welding experiments. A The x position; B weld
ing speed.
A
B
Large oscillations in the speed are suf-
ficiently depressed.
To further understand the filter ef-
fect, frequency domain analysis is pre-
sented. Figure 12 shows the normal-
ized power spectrum for the x position
and movement speed in nine experi-
ments. For a position signal, the ma-
jority of the signal power is centered
below 1 Hz (i.e., the majority of the
energy for position response is below
1 Hz). This makes
sense because the
human welder ad-
justment should be
slow given the rela-
tively slow GTAW
process. No notice-
able differences are
observed by apply-
ing the low-pass
filter.
For movement
speed, on the other
hand, the normal-
ized signal power
has been sufficiently
suppressed for fre-
quencies larger than
0.5 Hz. This is ex-
pected because large,
high-frequency
movement corre-
sponds to the
tremor of the hu-
man hand and
should be sup-
pressed. It is ob-
served that the pro-
posed filter is able to
suppress the high-
frequency movement that might de-
grade the welding performance.
Because the smoothness of the hu-
man hand movement varies from per-
son to person, it is evident that differ-
ent welders should have different
smoothing coefficients. To obtain the
smoothing coefficient for a specific
operator, a training period can be con-
ducted and the process described in
this section can be applied accordingly.
Learning Result and Analysis
Figure 13 depicts the welding
speeds in nine experiments versus the
torch orientation angle (0 deg corre-
sponds to 12 oclock) in relation to the
gravitational direction. It is noticed
that the average welding speed corre-
sponding to a different degree is fluc-
tuating for all the three welding cur-
rents. However, no noticeable correla-
tion is found between the fluctuations
of the welding speed to the position of
the torch. It will be further proved in
the welding experiments that a con-
stant welding speed is sufficient to
produce satisfactory welds in the top
part of the pipe, i.e., 25 deg 25
deg (approximately 11 to 1 oclock).
For full position pipe welding, howev-
er, different speeds should be applied
for different positions and will be
studied in the future using an ad-
vanced system whose projector and
Leap sensor must move with the torch
movement.
The data points to be used to corre-
late the welding current and welding
speed are plotted in Fig. 14. A linear
model is fitted using the least squares
algorithm (Ref. 43):
s = 0.0462l 1.3 (2)
or equivalently,
l = 10.13s + 39.77 (3)
where s is the welding speed in mm/s
and l is the welding current in A.
The above correlation between the
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 13 Calculated welding speed in nine experiments.
Fig. 14 Data points and linear fitting result.
welding current and welding speed can
be used for human-machine coopera-
tive teleoperated pipe welding applica-
tions where an unskilled human
welder operates the torch (determin-
ing the actual welding speed) while the
welding machine could compensate
his/her inaccurate movement (inaccu-
rate welding speed) by adjusting the
welding current.
It could also be used to provide a
parameter interval for simultaneously
controlling the frontside weld pool
surface characteristic parameters and
backside joint penetration in automat-
ed welding. This learned correlation
will then be applied in welding experi-
ments to demonstrate the effective-
ness of the learned welding speed
from the human welder.
Automated Welding
Experiment
Automated welding experiments
using learned welding speeds were
conducted, and the experimental re-
sults are presented/analyzed. The
welding parameters are the same as
those listed in Table 1. Three welding
experiments are conducted with the
welding current set at 45, 50, and 55
A, respectively, and the arc length
maintained at 4 mm. It is observed
from Fig. 15 that by applying the
learned welding speed, satisfactory
welds are obtained. Consistent back-
side weld bead widths were obtained
in all three experiments. For a 45-A
welding current, the backside bead
width was maintained at about 3.5
mm for all positions (from 25 to 25
deg). Similarly, for welding currents of
50 and 55 A, backside bead widths
were properly maintained at about 3.7
and 3.6 mm.
To further demonstrate the pro-
posed model in generating satisfactory
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 15 Automated welding experiment results using different welding currents. A, D Front and back view of the welds for welding
current 45 A; B, E front and back view of the welds for welding current 50 A; C, F front and back view of the welds for welding cur
rent 55 A.
A
B
C D
E F
welds under varying welding currents,
the welding experiment was conducted
by varying the welding current during
an experiment from 48 to 53 A then to
45 A, and the welding speed calculated
by Equation 2 is sent to the welding
robot.
An acceptable weld is shown in Fig.
16. Specifically, a welding current of
48 A was first applied for 20 s Fig.
17. The calculated welding speed was
0.918 mm/s and the obtained backside
bead width was about 3.8 mm. Then
the welding current increased to 55 A
and lasted for 20 s. By increasing the
welding speed to about 1.15 mm/s, a
nearly consistent backside bead width
was achieved. Finally, the welding cur-
rent was set to 45 A for 20 s and the
calculated welding speed was 0.78
mm/s. The backside bead width was
well maintained to about 3.9 mm.
It is concluded that by controlling
the welding speed, satisfactory welds
can be achieved, given the other weld-
ing parameters are maintained at their
nominal values. If these welding pa-
rameters deviate from their nominal
values, controlling
the welding speed
might not be suffi-
cient to produce sat-
isfactory welds.
However, the
learned welding
speeds for different
welding currents can
provide an addition-
al constraint in de-
signing a controller
for the welding
process. The 3D weld
pool shape will be
correlated to the
welders movement,
and an adaptive con-
trol scheme will be
developed to cope
with complex varia-
tions in the process parameters in the
authors future research.
Conclusions
This research utilized a new human
machine welding paradigm, virtualized
welding, to learn a human welders
speed adjustment under different
welding currents. Learning experi-
ments through teleoperation were
conducted by a human welder to gen-
erate satisfactory welds under differ-
ent welding currents. A correlation be-
tween the welding current and welding
speed was proposed for GTAW pipe
welding with specified welding condi-
tions. Consistent penetration and sat-
isfactory welds were generated in au-
tomated welding experiments. It is
also observed that for the top part of
the pipe welding, instead of manipu-
lating a full set of welding parameters
(including torch orientation and arc
length, etc.), adjusting the welding
speed was sufficient to generate satis-
factory welds.
Future work of the authors is to
further study skilled human welders
intelligence in dynamic welding condi-
tions and adaptively control the weld-
ing process. Full position pipe welding
will also be studied where welding
speed and torch orientation could be
simultaneously controlled to generate
satisfactory welds.
This work was funded by the Na-
tional Science Foundation under grant
IIS-1208420. Y. K. Liu would like to
thank M. Khattak and B. Fu at the
University of Kentucky for their help
in robot programming and welding ex-
periments.
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WELDING RESEARCH
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Introduction
Magnesium and its alloys have been
recently attracting much interest,
prized for their excellent properties
such as high specific strength, good
castability, and good damping capacity
(Refs. 1, 2). As the lightest metal used
for structural components,
magnesium offers great potential to
reduce weight by replacing steel and
aluminum, which is desirable for man-
ufacturers striving to reduce vehicle
weight and improve fuel efficiency.
Currently, steels are the most common
metallic materials used in the automo-
tive industry. Therefore, a dissimilar
combination of magnesium alloys and
steel for fabrication of lightweight
structural components would further
lower the vehicle weight. Attaining re-
liable Mg-steel joints will, in return,
expand the application of Mg alloys in
the automotive industry.
Joining Mg to steel is, however, a
huge challenge because of great
differences in their melting point
temperatures and immiscibility
between Mg and Fe (Refs. 39). The
melting points of Mg and Fe are 630
and 1535C, respectively. In addition,
the boiling point of Mg is 1091C,
lower than the melting point of Fe, so
catastrophic vaporization of molten
magnesium alloy will occur if they
melt simultaneously (Ref. 3). The
maximum solid solubility of Fe in Mg
is only 0.00041 at.-%. Therefore, they
do not react with each other or mix at
ambient pressure (Ref. 10). As a
result, metallurgical bonding of Mg
and Fe will be possible provided an
intermediate element is adopted to
react with both immiscible Mg and Fe
and achieve a metallurgical bond.
There are two main ways employed
to achieve metallurgical bonding at the
interface of Mg and steel, i.e., adding
an interlayer element or compound in
between the base metals (Refs. 49,
WELDING RESEARCH
Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical
Properties of Fiber Laser WeldedBrazed
Mg AlloyStainless Steel Joint
A better understanding was sought of microstructural evolution at different temperatures
and compositions during the laser weldingbrazing of Mg alloys to stainless steel sheet
BY C. W. TAN, L. Q. LI, Y. B. CHEN, A. M. NASIRI, AND Y. ZHOU
ABSTRACT
AZ31B Mg alloy and 201 austenitic stainless steel were lap joined by a laser
welding-brazing (LWB) process using a Mg-Al-Zn based welding wire. The
influence of the process heat input on microstructure and mechanical proper-
ties of the dissimilar joint was investigated. Metallurgical bonding of immisci-
ble Mg and Fe couple was achieved by the formation of continuous ultrathin re-
action products at the fusion zone-steel interface, with a thickness varied from
0.5 to 3 mm, growing slowly with the increase of the heat input. The interfacial
reaction products were identified as Al
19
Mn
4
and Fe(Al) from the fusion zone to
the steel, respectively. The tensile shear test indicated that joints produced at
5.4 kJ/cm heat input exhibited the highest mechanical resistance reaching
2472 N fracture load, representing a 75.4% joint efficiency relative to the Mg
base metal. The failure occurred in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the Mg
base metal, indicating a strong bond at the fusion zone-steel interface. The
thermodynamic stability of the reaction products formed at the interface dur-
ing the laser welding-brazing process was also evaluated in the temperature
range of 400 to 1100C using FactSage thermochemical software. The results
were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The results
contributed to a better understanding of microstructural evolution at different
temperatures and compositions during the laser welding-brazing of Mg alloys
to stainless steel sheet.
KEYWORDS
Magnesium Stainless Steel Laser Welding-Brazing
Microstructure FactSage Thermochemical Software
C. W. TAN, L. Q. LI, and Y. B. CHEN are with State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute
of Technology, Harbin, China. TAN is also with the Centre for Advanced Materials Joining, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada, along with A. M. NASIRI (amnasiri@uwaterloo.ca) and Y. ZHOU.
1114), and using mutual diffusion of
alloying elements from the base and
filler metals (Refs. 1519). Thin inter-
layers such as Cu, Ni, Sn, and Al have
been applied between Mg and steel
and heated to a high temperature to
react with Mg from one side and with
Fe from the other side, using different
welding techniques (Refs. 4, 5, 7, 8,
1214). A severe vaporization of upper
Mg sheet was noticed during laser-gas
tungsten arc hybrid welding (Refs. 4,
5, 7, 8), while formation of interfacial
thick brittle reaction layers was
reported during a liquid-phase bond-
ing process (Refs. 1214). The feasibil-
ity of joining Mg to steel through
atomic interdiffusion at the interface
was also investigated (Refs. 1519).
The friction stir welding (FSW)
process has been reported to
accelerate the diffusion of Al atoms
from the Mg base metal to the steel
with the combined actions of external
force and strong stirring (Ref. 19). The
interfacial reaction between Al and Fe
resulted in the formation of a Fe-Al in-
termetallic compound (IMC) reaction
product at the steel-Mg interface and
hence a metallurgical bond was
formed (Refs. 18, 19). However, a
fresh and oxide-free steel surface was
required, which was considered as a se-
rious limitation of this process in sam-
ple preparation (Ref. 17).
The laser welding-brazing (LWB)
process has been widely used in the au-
tomotive industry due to its unique per-
formance such as high welding speed,
low base metal deformation, and precise
control of the laser beam energy (Refs.
2024). It shows great advantages over
FSW and conventional fusion welding
due to its high flexibility and adaptabil-
ity for practical applications. Miao et al.
(Refs. 25, 26) used a laser brazing
process to join Mg to steel without
welding wire. In this process, part of the
Mg base metal was melted to braze the
steel. Crack and porosity formation
were reported at the interface due to se-
vere evaporation and oxidation of Mg as
well as immiscibility between Mg and
steel (Refs. 25, 26). Afterward, Nasiri et
al. (Refs. 11, 27) performed the same
process but added interlayers including
Al-12Si and Ni. Using an Al-12Si coating
layer resulted in formation of
nonuniform, thick -Fe(Al,Si)
3
along the
steel-fusion zone interface (Ref. 27).
The tensile-shear strength of the 5-mm-
wide laser brazed specimen reached
767138 N (Ref. 27). In the case of the
Ni interlayer, despite formation of
a-Mg + Mg
2
Ni eutectic phases and AlNi
intermetallic compound in the fusion
zone, formation of Fe(Ni) solid solution
on the steel surface was reported as the
key for metallurgical bonding of steel to
Mg alloy (Ref. 11). The joint strength
was reported to be 1506.324.5 N,
which was 153% higher than that of the
laser brazed, Al-coated steel-Mg alloy
joint (Ref. 11). In our previous studies, a
laser welding-brazing process using a
welding wire was developed for joining
Mg alloy to steel (Refs. 2831).
Stainless steel was found to promote
the metallurgical bonding with Mg alloy
(Ref. 29). However, the interfacial
microstructure and bonding mechanism
were not fully understood. Therefore,
the purpose of this study was to further
investigate the interfacial
microstructure of laser welded-brazed
Mg-steel dissimilar joints. Furthermore,
to provide better understanding of the
phases that might form at the interface
of Mg alloy-stainless steel during the
laser welding-brazing process, a
thermochemical analysis using FactSage
thermochemical software was
conducted.
Experimental Procedures
Materials
AZ31B-H24 Mg alloy and 201
stainless steel sheets both with a
thickness of 1.5 mm were selected as
WELDING RESEARCH
A
B
Fig. 1 Schematic of the following: A Laser weldingbrazing process; B 8mm
wide tensile shear test specimen.
Table 1 Chemical Compositon of the AZ31B
Mg Alloy and Filler Metal (wt%)
Elements Al Zn Mn Fe Si Mg
AZ31B 2.92 1.09 0.3 0.005 0.1 Bal.
Filler 3.25 1.25 0.24 0.005 0.007 Bal.
metal
Table 2 Chemical Compositon of the Stainless Steel (wt%)
Elements C Mn Ni Cr Cu V Al S Si P Fe
Stainless Steel 0.15 10.7 0.53 14.7 1.21 0.108 0.36 0.03 0.75 0.06 Bal.
the base metals. A 2-mm-diameter
Mg-Al-Zn-based alloy was used as the
welding wire. The chemical
compositions of the base metals and
filler metal are listed in Tables 1 and 2,
respectively. Flux QJ201 in powder
form was used in the experiment with
a chemical composition of 50 wt-%
KCl, 32 wt-% LiCl, 10 wt-% NaF, and 8
wt-% ZnCl
2
. The melting point of the
flux was in the range of 460620C.
The sheets were cut into rectangular
strips 30 mm wide and 100 mm long.
Prior to welding, the surfaces of the
Mg alloy sheets were cleaned with
abrasive paper to remove surface
oxides and the steel was ultrasonically
cleaned in acetone to remove grease
and other contaminants from the
surfaces.
Laser WeldingBrazing Process
A fiber laser system with a
maximum power of 10 kW (IPG YLR-
10000) and a KUKA six-axis robot
were used in this work. The laser beam
had a wavelength of 1070 nm and a
beam parameter product of 7.2 mm
mrad. It was transmitted by a 200-mm
core-diameter fiber and focused by a
200-mm lens to obtain a spot size of
0.2 mm.
The schematic of the LWB process
is illustrated in Fig.
1A. The LWB experi-
ments were carried
out in a lap joint con-
figuration, with the
magnesium sheet
clamped on the steel
sheet. The laser beam
was irradiated on the
edge of the AZ31B
Mg alloy vertically.
Welding wire was fed
in front of the laser
beam. Argon shielding gas was
provided to prevent oxidation. The
angle of the welding wire and the
workpiece were adjusted for smooth
wire feeding. To completely irradiate
the filler metal and promote brazing
between molten filler metal and stain-
less steel, the laser beam was
defocused.
Process Parameters
The main variables in the present
work determining thermal gradient
distribution and bead profile primarily
included laser power, travel speed, and
wire feed speed. Before the
experiment, preliminary trials were
carried out to obtain visually
acceptable joints. The process parame-
ters used in the experiment are listed
in Table 3. The constant parameters
during the LWB process were defocus-
ing distance of positive 10 mm from
the steel surface, 0.5-mm beam offset
to the steel side, shielding gas flow
rate of 20 L/min, and the angle of 30
deg between the welding wire and the
steel.
Analysis Methods
After the LWB process, welded-
brazed specimens were cut perpendi-
cular to the travel direction. Standard
grinding and polishing sample prepa-
ration procedures were then applied.
The appearances and cross sections of
the joints were observed using an opti-
cal microscope (OM). The microstruc-
tures and fracture surfaces were ana-
lyzed using a scanning electron micro-
scope (SEM) equipped with an energy-
dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). A
Tecnai-G
2
F30 transmission electron
microscope (TEM) at a nominal
voltage of 300 kV was used to charac-
terize the microstructure in detail. Z-
contrast images were acquired using a
high-angle annular dark field
(HAADF) detector in scanning trans-
mission electron microscopy (STEM)
mode. Phase identification was inves-
tigated by selected-area electron
diffraction pattern (SADP) analysis.
The specimens for tensile testing were
cut 50 mm long and 8 mm wide, as
shown in Fig. 1B, and subjected to a
tensile shear test with a cross-head
speed of 0.5 mm/min. Shims were
clamped to each end of the specimens
to ensure shear loads in the lap joint
while minimizing bending or torque of
the specimens.
Thermodynamic Analysis
Procedure
In the study, the FactSage
thermochemical software and databases
were used to predict the phase
formation and thermodynamic proper-
ties of the phases during LWB of AZ31B
Mg-stainless steel multielement alloy
system. It provided a more accurate way
to predict phase formation in a complex
multielement alloy system than just re-
ferring to the binary or ternary phase
diagrams of the constituent elements.
The thermochemical analysis was evalu-
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 2 Laser brazed AZ31B Mgsteel made at different
heat inputs: A 3 kJ/cm; B 4.2 kJ/cm; C 5.4 kJ/cm; D
6.6 kJ/cm.
Fig. 3 Photomicrograph of the fusion zone of the Mg side
(MgFZ interface).
A
B
C
D
ated using two modules in FactSage, i.e.,
Phase Diagram and Equilib modules.
The Phase Diagram module of FactSage
was used first to find all the possible
formed phases in the Mg alloy fusion
zone (FZ)-stainless steel system at dif-
ferent temperatures and compositions.
The Equilib module was then used to
identify the phases that were most
likely to precipitate from the liquid at a
specific temperature and composition
among all the possible formed phases.
This calculation was based on the prin-
ciple of Gibbs free-energy minimization.
The interfacial reaction products includ-
ing the types of phases and their precip-
itation sequence were predicted after
these two calculation procedure steps.
Results and Discussion
Appearances and Cross
Sectional Overviews
Figure 2 shows photographs of the
laser brazed AZ31B Mg-stainless steel
joints and typical cross-sectional
overviews of the joints produced at
different heat inputs. As shown in Fig.
2A, a lap joint with a rough surface
was observed at the low heat input of
3 kJ/cm. Filler metal could not
sufficiently wet the steel surface caus-
ing excessive deposition of the filler,
since most of the energy from the
laser beam was used to melt the filler
metal. The steel substrate was poorly
preheated due to insufficient heat
input. With the increase of the heat
input, the wetting of the filler on the
steel was improved gradually. Smooth
and uniform weld surfaces without ob-
vious defects were evidenced, as
shown in Fig. 2B, C. The excessive heat
input caused severe evaporation of the
filler metal resulting in an uneven
bead appearance and porosity forma-
tion in the FZ as well as the steel-FZ
interface, as shown in Fig. 2D.
Microstructural Analysis
Fusion Zone
Figure 3 shows a typical microstruc-
ture of the fusion zone on the magne-
sium side. Partial melting of the
AZ31B base metal and mixing with the
Mg-based filler metal produced the fu-
sion zone. Four different micro-
stuctures were distinguished, i.e., base
WELDING RESEARCH
A B C
D E F
G H I
L J K
Fig. 4 SteelFZ interfacial microstructure at different heat inputs.
Table 3 Laser WeldingBrazing Process Parameters Used in Current Study
Laser Travel Speed Wire Feeding Heat Input
Power (W) (m/min) Speed (m/min) (kJ/cm)
1000 0.2 0.6 3
1400 0.2 0.6 4.2
1800 0.2 0.6 5.4
2200 0.2 0.8 6.6
Table 4 STEMEDS Analysis Results of the Phases Formed at the SteelFZ Interface (at.%)
Phases Mg Al Cr Mn Fe Zn Ni
I 60.01 29.20 0.50 0.39 2.50 7.37
II 6.86 61.90 2.82 17.48 9.95 0.96
III 1.08 23.32 12.96 6.63 55.89 0.01 0.08
metal, heat-affected zone (HAZ),
columnar crystal zone (CCZ), and
equiaxed crystal zone (ECZ). Grain
growth was found to take place in the
HAZ toward the fusion zone,
especially in the vicinity of the fusion
zone. The precipitated -Mg
17
Al
12
phase was found distributed in the
ECZ as indicated by arrows in Fig. 3. A
more detailed microstructural analysis
of the fusion zone can be found in our
previous study (Ref. 32). The variation
of microstructure in the fusion zone
was found to affect the fracture mode,
which will be discussed later.
SteelFZ Interface
Figure 4 shows SEM images in dif-
ferent positions along the steel-FZ in-
terface with variations in the heat
input. A distinct interfacial layer was
observed at the interface, indicating
the occurrence of atomic diffusion
and metallurgical bonding at the
interface of Mg and Fe. A
nonuniform, thick interfacial reaction
layer was formed from the joint head
to the root of the joint due to the
temperature gradient resulting from
the laser welding-brazing process
(Ref. 24). The steel-FZ interfacial re-
gion was divided into three zones as
marked in Fig. 4, i.e., joint head zone
(Zone A), intermediate zone (Zone B),
and joint root zone (Zone C). The re-
action layer in all zones was found to
exhibit a continuous morphology and
its thickness at different heat inputs
was measured and plotted in Fig. 5.
An ultrathin
reaction layer
(< 1 mm thick)
was found at
the low heat input of 3 kJ/cm. The
thickness in the three zones was var-
ied slightly due to insufficient
reaction at such a low heat input.
With the increase of the heat input,
the thickness of the reaction layer
grew slightly. For heat inputs of 4.2
and 5.4 kJ/cm, the thickness of the
reaction layer at the intermediate
zone was obviously larger than that at
the joint head and the joint root.
Note that the thickness of the
reaction layer was always below 3 m
even with the excessive heat input of
6.6 kJ/cm. It suggested that metallur-
gical bonding at the interface was
achieved while the thickness of reac-
tion layer was controlled below 10 mm
(Ref. 33), which was beneficial to the
mechanical performance of the joints.
Concentration profiles of the main
alloying elements across the interface
between the fusion zone and steel
were obtained using EDS line
scanning analyses. Figure 6 shows the
corresponding EDS line scan results.
Cr and Mn increased gradually from
the fusion zone side to the steel side.
Zn and Ni, however, had no
significant concentration variation
across the interface. A high
concentration of Al was found at the
steel-FZ interface in all applied heat
inputs. The results indicated that the
Al atoms diffused from molten filler
metal into the steel-FZ interface and
then enriched at the interface, which
induced the interfacial reaction.
The results in Figs. 46 confirmed
the feasibility of joining Mg to steel
through interatomic diffusion of
alloying elements into each other at
the interface. As shown in Fig. 4, in
the case of the Mg-steel dissimilar
metal combination, the reaction layer
could not grow too thick even with
applying excessive heat input, which
was quite different compared with Al-
steel or Al-Ti dissimilar metal joints
(Refs. 20, 21, 24, 34). In those stud-
ies, it has been reported that the
thickness of the Fe-Al and Al-Ti inter-
metallic reaction layers grows signifi-
cantly with the increase of the heat
input. The difference could be attrib-
uted to the amount of alloying
elements involved in the interfacial
reaction. In joining Al to steel or Al to
Ti, the Al and Ti were the dominant
alloying elements at the steel-FZ in-
terface, which were sufficient for for-
mation and growth of Fe
3
Al and TiAl
3
phases. However, in our work, with 3
wt-% Al in the filler, Al content for
diffusion-controlled growth of the re-
action product was limited. As a
result, the reaction was restricted
causing the formation of the
ultrathin reaction layer as shown in
Fig. 4. At the same time, the fast
heating and cooling rates experienced
during the LWB process also limited
the diffusion-controlled growth of
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 5 Reaction layer thickness vs. heat input.
Fig. 6 EDS line scans of Mg, Fe, Al, Zn, Mn, Cr, and Ni across the
steelFZ interface of the joint head at different heat inputs: A 3
kJ/cm; B 4.2 kJ/cm; C 5.4 kJ/cm; D 6.6 kJ/cm.
C
A B
D
the interfacial layer.
Transmission electron microscope
analysis was performed to identify
the composition and structure of the
reaction layer formed between the fu-
sion zone and steel. Figure 7 shows a
STEM micrograph taken from the steel-
FZ interface made at 5.4 kJ/cm heat
input. The newly formed interfacial re-
action products were found as shown in
Fig. 7A. Elemental distribution was in-
vestigated using STEM-EDS mapping
analysis, and the results are shown in
Fig. 7B. It can be seen that no mutual
diffusion
occurred
between Mg
and Fe since
these elements
are immiscible. In addition, high
concentrations of Zn and Mn were
found at the interface, which was not
observed in the SEM line scan results.
From the element mappings, it could
also be observed that Al had the widest
concentration at the interface. Concen-
tration profiles of the alloying elements
across the interface obtained from the
STEM line scanning analysis are shown
in Fig. 7C. It was clearly seen that alloy-
ing elements Al, Zn, and Mn
concentrated at the interface at
different regions. In region I, Al and Zn
exhibited a continuous gradient. In re-
gion II, the concentration of Al contin-
ued to increase to a higher level. At the
same time, a significant diffusion of Mn
from the steel toward the interface was
also noticed. In region III, the Al
content decreased gradually, showing
mutual diffusion of Al and Fe. In addi-
tion, it was also found that Al was
involved in all interfacial reactions indi-
cating that it acted as the dominant al-
loying element to bond immiscible Mg
and Fe. The concentration of Cr and Ni
had no enrichment in the interfacial
regions.
Figure 8 shows a TEM micrograph
with corresponding selected area
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 7 STEM image and STEMEDS analyses results: A STEM
micrograph taken from the interface of the Mgsteel dissimilar
joint; B STEMEDS mapping from the region indicated in A; C
STEMEDS line scan results.
Fig. 8 TEM investigation of the Mgstainless steel inter
face: A Bright field image taken from the interface; BD
SADPs of the interfacial reaction phases.
A
B
C
A B
C
D
Fig. 9 Hardness values in different locations of the Mg side.
Fig. 10 Tensileshear fracture load and joint efficiency as
a function of the heat input.
diffraction pattern (SADP) taken from
the interface of steel-FZ. The ultra-thin
reaction layer was composed of three
different nanoscale phases as shown in
the bright field TEM image in Fig. 8A.
The phase on the steel substrate was
found to exhibit a uniform and continu-
ous morphology followed by an irregu-
lar-shaped phase in the fusion zone.
The corresponding STEM-EDS
analysis results are shown in Table 4.
Combined with the indexed SADP re-
sults, shown in Fig. 8BD, the phases
from the fusion zone toward the steel
were identified as Mg
17
(Al,Zn)
12
IMC
with body-centered-cubic (BCC)
structure, Al
19
Mn
4
with BCC
structure, and Fe(Al) solid solution
again with BCC crystal structure, re-
spectively. Some of the Al atoms in
the Mg
17
Al
12
phase have been
replaced by Zn atoms. This phase is a
typical precipitate in the AZ series of
Mg alloys and was produced in the fu-
sion zone with a divorced eutectic
structure, since the two eutectic
phases (a-Mg + b-Mg
17
Al
12
) were sep-
arated from each other during the so-
lidification. A similar observation has
been reported in laser brazing of Mg
to Al coated steel (Ref. 27). This
phase was present occasionally at the
interface. To be exact, the Al
19
Mn
4
and Fe(Al) phases should be
considered as the newly formed inter-
facial phases during LWB of Mg to
stainless steel.
Mechanical Properties
Hardness Distribution
The hardness distribution values of
the FZ, Mg HAZ, and the Mg base
metal of the joints at different heat in-
puts are plotted in Fig. 9. The
hardness of the HAZ was lower than
that of the base metal due to HAZ
softening as a result of grain coarsen-
ing and dissolution of strengthening
precipitates induced by the thermal
cycle during the LWB process (Refs.
35, 36). A slight increase in the hard-
ness of the FZ, which was probably at-
tributed to the higher volume fraction
of the Mg
17
Al
12
precipitates in the FZ
(shown in Fig. 3), was also found.
TensileShear Strength and Fracture
Behavior
Figure 10 shows the tensile-shear
fracture loads of the laser brazed
AZ31B Mg-stainless steel joints at var-
ious heat inputs. It was evident that
the heat input had a significant influ-
ence on the tensile-shear strength of
the joints. The strength of the joint
produced with the low heat input of 3
kJ/cm was quite low giving rise to in-
terfacial failure. When the heat input
increased to 4.2 kJ/cm, the joint frac-
ture load was enhanced to 1878 N, and
the calculated joint efficiency was
57.3% with respect to the fracture load
of the Mg base metal. The fracture lo-
cation was at the Mg HAZ indicating a
strong steel-FZ interface. The strength
varied slightly with further increase in
the heat input. The fracture load
reached the maximum value of 2471 N
at the heat input of 5.4 kJ/cm, repre-
senting 75.4% joint efficiency relative
to the Mg base metal.
Figure 11 shows the SEM
micrographs of the fracture surfaces
with different fracture behaviors. For
the dissimilar Mg-steel joints with in-
terfacial failure mode, the fracture sur-
face of the steel side was observed
using the backscattered electrons
(BSE). Three different phases were
identified at the fracture surface in
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 11 Fracture surface analysis of the Mgstainless joints at different fracture modes: A,
D, and G Crosssectional overviews showing different fracture modes; B, E, and H SEM
images of fracture surface of A, D, and G, respectively; C, F, and I higher magnification of
the square area indicated by C, F, and I, respectively.
A
B
C
D E
F
G H I
Fig. 12 The calculated pseudobinary
phase diagram showing the phases that
possibly form along the steelFZ inter
face: A The whole diagram; B par
tial enlarged view of the diagram
indicated by b in A.
A
B
Fig. 11B. The gray matrix was residual
Mg from the fusion zone attached to
the steel side. A relatively bright phase
was also observed distributed on the
surface. A significant amount of parti-
cles were found at higher magni-
fication, as shown in the inset of Fig.
11B. According to the EDS analysis re-
sults, this phase contained 18.9 at.-%
Al and 81.1 at.-% Fe, representing
Fe(Al) solid solution. In addition, a
dark phase was also evidenced at the
fracture surface as indicated by
arrows. Energy-dispersive X-ray spec-
trometer examination of this phase
confirmed that it contained 12.8 at.-%
K and 13.8 at.-% Cl, suggesting that
some of the flux was trapped in the in-
terface during the process. This
trapped flux in the steel-FZ interface
degraded the mechanical strength of
the joint significantly and resulted in
an interfacial fracture. When fracture
occurred in the Mg HAZ, the fracture
morphology was characterized by dim-
ples together with some cleavage-like
at facets, which were characteristics
of a ductile fracture Fig. 11E. The
strengthening particles were observed
at higher magnification as indicated by
an arrow in Fig. 11F, which contained
58.4 at.-% Al and 41.6 at.-% Mn and
were thus identified as Al-Mn phases
by EDS analysis (Al
8
Mn
5
, typical of the
AZ series of Mg alloys).
With the excessive heat input, the
joint fractured in the fusion zone due
to severe evaporation of the fusion
zone, which caused a decrease in the
joint width as well as porosity forma-
tion close to the steel-FZ interface.
Porosities formed mainly close to the
joint root zone, since the maximum
temperature in this area was higher
than that in the joint head zone, con-
sidering the position of the laser beam
during the process. This explains why
porosities were not observed from the
intermediate zone to the joint head
zone. During the tensile-shear test,
the crack first initiated from the weak
region, i.e., joint root zone, where the
geometry of the joint created a high
stress concentration area. Then, it
propagated along the steel-FZ
interface, where porosities existed. Fi-
nally, it deviated to the FZ, meaning
the strength of the steel-FZ interface
from the intermediate zone to the
joint head zone was higher than that
of the FZ. The corresponding FZ frac-
ture surface was found to exhibit a
dimple feature (see Fig. 11H, I). The
difference here was the strengthening
particles, which were found to be
Mg
17
Al
12
phase by EDS analysis.
Thermodynamic Analyses
Figure 12 shows the calculated
pseudo-binary system between the
Mg alloy (filler metal composition)
and stainless steel composition over
the temperature range of 400 to
1000C using the Phase Diagram
module of FactSage. This diagram was
used to identify the phase(s) that
might form along the steel-FZ inter-
face at different temperatures during
the laser welding-brazing process.
These possible phases were Al
8
Cr
5
,
Al
61
Fe
31
, Mg
2
Ni, Al
3
Ni, FeAl, Al
5
Fe
2
,
and Al
19
Mn
4
. All the phases were
found to be binary phases. In the
next step, the most stable phase pre-
cipitated from the liquid at a specific
temperature and composition should
be identified, by finding which phase
has the highest driving force to form
from the fusion zone.
For a binary compound A
x
B
y
that
forms from pure liquid components
[A] and [B], the reaction process for
formation of this compound from the
filler metal-steel system in the laser
welding-brazing process could be
expressed as follows:
x[A] + y[B] AxBy (s) (1)
In order to predict what phases
were stable under different conditions,
the change of Gibbs free energy, G, of
the reaction shown in Equation 1
should be calculated. A negative G
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 13 The activitycomposition diagrams for possible phases formed at the
AZ31 Mgstainless steel interface at the following: A 1100C; B 900C; C
700C; D 600C; E 500C; F 400C.
A B
C
D
E
F
suggested that a process or chemical
reaction would proceed spontaneously
in the forward direction, whereas a
positive G indicated that the reaction
would proceed spontaneously in
reverse. The standard Gibbs free
energy change of the reaction (G
o
) in-
dicated in Equation 1 can be
determined using
where R is the universal gas constant,
T is the absolute temperature (K), and
a is the chemical activity of each phase
(Ref. 37). For 1 mole of the elements,
we have
Therefore,
The chemical activity of [A] and [B]
in the liquid state can be obtained for
a given local temperature and compo-
sition. Thus, the chemical activity of
A
x
B
y
(s) could be calculated once G
o
T
was obtained from the databases
linked to the
FactSage software. If
[a(AxBy)]
1/x+y
> 1,
A
x
B
y
would form
spontaneously. Note
that a phase can
precipitate in a form
of a solid solution if
[a(AxBy)]
1/x+y
= 1
(Ref. 38). The
greater the activity
of the phase, the
higher the driving
force for formation
of the phase. When
there were many
possible phases pre-
cipitated from the
liquid at a specific
temperature and
composition, the
phase with the max-
imum activity value would be the first
precipitated phase and the most sta-
ble one. For 1 mole of the filler metal-
steel system, the phase reaction and
net change in free energy were as
follows:
0.75 mole Al + 0.25 mole Ni will
form 0.25 mole of Al
3
Ni with a change
of Gibbs free energy of
Similarly, 0.66 mole Mg + 0.33 mole
Ni would form 0.33 mole of Mg
2
Ni
with a change of Gibbs free energy of
0.826 mole Al + 0.174 mole Mn
would form 0.043 mole of Al
19
Mn
4
with a change of Gibbs free energy of
0.615 mole Al + 0.385 mole Cr
8
Cr
5
with
a change of Gibbs free energy of
0.714 mole Al + 0.286 mole Fe
5
Fe
2
with
a change of Gibbs free energy of
The component activities were cal-
culated using the Equilib module of
FactSage at different laser welding-
brazing temperatures. Figure 13 shows
the activity-composition diagrams for
Al
8
Cr
5
, Al
61
Fe
31
, Mg
2
Ni, Al
3
Ni, FeAl,
Al
5
Fe
2
, and Al
19
Mn
4
from 1100 to
400C. The composition in X axis
should be considered as an approx-
imated position between the liquid
filler (x = 0) and an initial position on
the filler-steel interface (x = 1). In the
temperature range of 700 to 1100C,
Fe(Al) was predicted to be the first and
only precipitated phase from the
liquid. However, in the temperature
range of 400600C, Al
19
Mn
4
was pre-
dicted to be the first precipitated
phase from the liquid close to the
filler. Then FeAl solid solution with
BCC crystal structure formed in
between the Al
19
Mn
4
and steel.
Using this calculation procedure, a
phase stability map was plotted in
Fig. 14 to show the first precipitated
phases from the liquid at different
temperatures and compositions dur-
ing the laser welding-brazing process.
This phase stability map indicated
that the BCC-Fe(Al) phase would pos-
sibly form over a large composition
range from 0.04 to 100% of mass
fraction of stainless steel. Al
19
Mn
4
would form immediately adjacent to
the filler when the temperature
dropped below 600C.
These calculation results have con-
G
RT
a
a a
,
o
2
7
( ) ( )
( )
[ ] [ ]
( )
ln
Al Fe
Al Fe
(9)
T Al Fe
5
5 2
1
5/7 2/7
( ) ( )
( )
[ ] [ ]
( )
G
RT
a Al Mn
a Al a Mn
T, Al Mni
o
4
2
ln (7)
19
19 4
1
3
19/23 4/23
( )
( )
[ ] ( )
( )
G
RT
a Al Cr
a Al a Cr
T, Al Cr
o
5
13
ln (8)
8
8 5
1
8/13 5/13
( ) ( ) [ ]
( )
[ ]
( )
G
RT
a Mg Ni
a Mg a Ni
T, Mg Ni
o
ln (6)
2
2
1
3
2/3 1/3
( )
( ) ( ) [ ] [ ]
( )
+
+ +
G
RT
a A B
a A a B
T, A B
o
x y
x y
x y
x / x y y / X y
ln (4)
1
x
x y
A
y
x y
B
x y
A B
x y s
1
(3) [ ] [ ]
+
+
+

+
( )
( ) ( )
( )
[ ] [ ]
( )
G
RT
a Al Ni
a Al a Ni
T, Al Ni
o
ln (5)
3
3
1
4
3/4 1/4
( )
( ) ( ) [ ] [ ]
=
( )
G
RT
a A B
a A a B
T, A B
o
x y
x y
x y
ln (2)
WELDING RESEARCH
Fig. 14 Phase stability map showing the most stable phases
precipitated from the liquid at different temperatures and
compositions during the laser weldingbrazing process.
firmed the formation of solid solution
Fe(Al) on the steel surface followed by
Al
19
Mn
4
IMC. The calculation results
were in good agreement with the TEM
analyses results shown in Fig. 8.
Conclusions
1) Dissimilar AZ31B Mg alloy and
201 stainless steel sheets were joined
successfully by a laser welding-brazing
process using AZ31 Mg alloy welding
wire. A uniform and visually accept-
able joint was obtained with a
relatively large process window.
2) An ultrathin layer of reaction
product was formed at the interface of
the Mg-stainless steel joint. Its thick-
ness was varied in the range of 0.53
mm at different heat inputs, which was
beneficial to the joint strength.
3) From TEM analyses, three nano-
scale layers were identified along the Mg
alloy-steel interface, i.e., Mg
17
(Al,Zn)
12
,
Al
19
Mn
4
and Fe(Al), from the fusion
zone toward the steel side, respectively.
Interdiffusion of alloying elements from
base metals caused the formation of
these layers and hence the metallurgical
bonding between the fusion zone and
steel occurred.
4) The tensile shear test indicated
that joints produced at 5.4 kJ/cm heat
input exhibited the highest mechani-
cal resistance reaching 2472 N fracture
load, representing a 75.4% joint
efficiency relative to the Mg base
metal. Tensile-shear tests showed
three different fracture modes, which
was closely related to the heat input.
Insufficient heat input caused interfa-
cial failure with some residual flux
trapped in the interface. The sufficient
heat input led to a fracture in the HAZ
of the Mg base metal. The excessive
heat input resulted in the fracture of
the fusion zone.
5) A computational
thermodynamic analysis was
conducted to predict the early stage
phase formation in AZ31 Mg alloy-
stainless steel multi-elements alloy
system during the laser welding-braz-
ing process, confirming that the
Al
19
Mn
4
and Fe(Al) phases are the
most stable phases that form along
the filler metal-steel interface. The
Fe(Al) phase formed over a large com-
position range, while the Al
19
Mn
4
phase was predicted to form in a nar-
row compositional range.
This work is supported by a special
foundation for Scientific and Technical
Innovation, Harbin (Grant No.
2012RFLXG028). One of the authors
(C. W. Tan) is grateful for the financial
support provided by the China Schol-
arship Council for studying in the Uni-
versity of Waterloo, Canada.
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Solid wires for use in GT
submerged ar

ed electrodes in -15, -16 and -17
coating options.
TA for use in GTAW AW, W AW , GMAW and
ged arc processes.

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AWS Welding Journal October 2014

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AWS Welding Journal October 2014

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The joining of ESAB and Victor

brings together ve heavy hitters.

Select armored vehicle ensures especially

2014 Donaldson Company, Inc.

Cleaning System. Coupled with industry-leading

nanober ltration media, the DFE delivers

Camera or other rewards.

e lle b iib xxi

Fig. 2. Welding robots are preferred in

(Ref. 37). However,

Fig. 11 Comparison between before and after filtering (x po

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