Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
2012
evsjv
GKv`k I v`k kwY
1.
1.1
m~Pbv
hKvb KvhKgi mdjZv wbfi Ki Gi myz cwiKbvi Dci| wkv Kvhgi Gic cwiKbvB wkvg|
wkv_x`i AvMn, ceYZv, mvg_, AwfZv I wkLb Pvwn`vi mv_ Ges mgvR, `k I AvRvwZK cwiwwZ weePbvq
iL cYxZ nq wbw` wkvg| Kx, Kb, wKfve, K, Kvi mnhvwMZvq, Kx w`q, Kv_vq, KZ mgq ai wkLe
Ges hv wkLQ Zv wKfve hvPvB Kiv ne Gme cki Di wkvg _vK| wkvi j, Dk, wkLbdj,
welqe, wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg I g~jvqb wb`kbv-GmeB wkvgi cwZcv` welq| wkvgi wb`kbvi
AvjvK cYxZ nq cvVcyK I Abvb wkLb-kLvbv mvgMx| G wkvKgK AveZb KiB hKvbv ii wkv
eevi KgKv cwiKwZ I cwiPvwjZ Ges evevwqZ nq| Avi G KviYB wkvgK wkv Kvhg evevqbi
bxj-bKkv ejv nq _vK|
1.2
wkvg cwigvRb, Dbqb I bevqb GKwU Pjgvb cwqv| G cwqvq avivevwnK cwiexYi gvag Pjgvb
wkvgi mejZv-`yejZv I DchvwMZv wbYq Kiv nq| mgqi mv_ mgvRi cwieZb NUQ, ZvQvov vb-wevb I
chywi `Z cwieZb nQ| Gmei dj wkLb Pvwn`vI cwiewZZ nQ| G Rb cqvRbxq cwigvRb I bevqbi
gvag wkvg hyMvchvMx ivLv AvekK| Avevi Ggb mgq Avm hLb cyivbv wkvg cwigvRb Ki mgqi Pvwn`v
c~iY me nq bv, ZLb bZzb wkvg cYqb KiZ nq|
2.
2.1
2.2
cPwjZ wkvgi Dci gvawgK ii wkvg g~jvqb I Pvwn`v wbicY mgxvi djvdj wkvgi AbK
`yejZv, AmwZ I mgmv wPwZ nqQ| G wkvg AwZgvvq Z I Z_ msewjZ hv wkv_xK gyL KiZ
DrmvwnZ Ki| cPwjZ wkvg Abymvb, mgmv mgvavb `Zv ARb, nvZ-Kjg KvR Ki kLvi Ges mRbkxj
I Dvebx `Zv weKvki myhvM mxwgZ| wkv_x`i bwZK I gvbweK Yvewji weKvki myhvMI Kg| cqvRbxq
welq Ges welqe hgb- Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw, Rjevqyi cwieZb I KiYxq, eqtmwKvj I cRbb ^v, Rvjvwb
wbivcv BZvw`i cwZdjb LyeB mxwgZ| ZvQvov gvZfvlv evsjv Ges AvRvwZK fvlv BsiwR wkLb-kLvbvi
kvbv, ejv, cov, jLv Gme `Zv wkLbi Rb wkvg iZ c`vb Kiv njI evevqb Gjv h_vh_ iZ
cvq wb| wkv_x`iK KggyLx Kivi wkvgi Ae`vb mvlRbK bq| bevqbKZ wkvgi Gme
mxgveZv KvwUq DVvi cPv bIqv nqQ|
2.3
RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 evsjv`ki wkv GKwU gvBjdjK| RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 Abymvi wkvi gvag
hyMvchvMx Rbkw Dbqbi Rb cqvRb wkvgi Dbqb Ges Gi h_vh_ evevqb| RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 Gi
evevqbi mevwaK iZc~Y c`c nQ G wkvbxwZ Abymvi wkveevi ceZb Ges Gi Rb cqvRb m
Abymvi wkvg Dbqb|
2.4
evsjv`ki icK 2021 (VISION 2012) Gi j nQ wWwRUvj evsjv`k Mo Zvjv Ges `kK gag Avqi
`k cwiYZ Kiv| wWwRUvj evsjv`k Mov Ges gag Avqi `k cwiYZ Kivi cavb Dcvq nQ wkvi gvag
h_vchy Rbkw mw Kiv| Avi wkvi gvag Zv Kivi Rb cqvRb DchvMx wkvg|
2.5
GKwesk kZvxi wkvi Rb MwVZ AvRvwZK wkv Kwgkb wicvU Learning: The Treasure Within G gvawgK
wkvK Rxeb cekvi gateway to life wnmve wPwZ Kiv nqQ| Gi A_ KgRxeb ceki cqvRbxq hvMZv
gvawgK wkvi gvag ARb| G hvMZv ARbi Rb cwZe`b wkLbi PviwU (Pillar) wPwZ Kiv nqQ|
wkLbi G mg~n nQ-RvbZ kLv (Learning to know), KiZ kLv (Learning to do) wgjwgk _vKZ kLv
(Learning to live together) Ges weKwkZ nZ kLv (Learning to be) | Gme evevqbi gvag GKwesk
kZvxi DchvMx Rbkw mwi Rb cqvRb m Abymvi wkvg cwigvRb, bevqb I Dbqb|
wkv cwZvb
wkK
wkv ckvmK,
wkvwe`, eywRxex
mgvR, iv I
AvRvwZK Pvwn`v
ivxq g~jbxwZ
RvZxq wkvbxwZ
2010
wkv_x
wkvgi iciLv cYqb
wkvgi mg^qmvab
I mvweK ic`vb
cPwjZ wkvg
Aev weklY
4.1.1 gvawgK ii cPwjZ wkvg chvjvPbv
GmBGmwWwci wkvg wekle` 2008 mvj gvawgK ii (l-v`k kwY) wkvg chvjvPbv Kib|
hwK chvjvPbvi gvag wkvgi mej I `yej w`K Ges wkv_x`i wkLb Pvwn`v c~iY wkvgi DchvwMZv
hvPvB Kiv nq| GB chvjvPbvi djvdj bZzb wkvg Dbqb weePbvq ivLv nq|
4.1
wkvg I cvVcyK evW cwiPvwjZ (2012) wbggvawgK, gvawgK I DPgvawgK chvqi wkvg, wkK cwkY
wkvg I cvVcyK Rvi mse`bkxjZv chvjvPbv kxlK cwZe`b (2012), Rjevq~ cwieZb I `yhvM
eevcbv, ZvgvK wbqY, UNICEF (2009) cwiPvwjZ Rxeb `ZvwfwK wkv|
ZvQvov evsjv`ki wewfb cK, miKvwi I emiKvwi cwZvb Ges msv wkvg Afywi Rb 31wU cwZe`b
Rgv `q| Gme cwZe`b chvjvPbv Ki mswk welq cqvRbxq cvmwK welqe mshvRbi eev bIqv nq|
31wU cwZe`bi ga DjLhvM KqKwU nQ- Rjevqy cwieZb, Z_ cvwi AwaKvi, Lv`-cyw, cRbb ^v,
GBPAvBwf-GBWm, wekl Pvwn`vmb wk, Rxeb `ZvwfwK wkvKg BZvw`|
4.2
gvawgK wkv
beg _K v`k kwY
(mvaviY, gv`vmv)
KvwiMwi wkv
DPZi `Zvi
ewg~jK wkv
gagvbi `Zvi
Kg
KgRxeb
DPZi `Zvi
Kg
cek `Zvi Kg
ewg~jK wkv
cv_wgK/GeZ`vwq wkv
(c_g _K Ag kwY)
cvK-cv_wgK wkv
RvZxq wkvbxwZ 2010 Gi wfwZ AwZ AMmiY cevn wPvbymvi 8eQi gqvw` evaZvg~jK I AeZwbK cv_wgK
wkv kl Ki gav I ceYZvi wfwZ wkv_x`i GKwU Ask Pvi eQi gqvw` gvawgK wkvq Ges Ab AskwU
ewg~jK wkvq cek Kie| gvawgK wkv kl Zviv DP wkvq hve| Ze gvawgK chvqi c_g `yeQi kl
KD KD KvwiMwi wkvq hve| ewg~jK wkv mgvKvix`i GKwU Ask cek `Zvi KgRxeb cek Kie,
Abiv DPZi `Zvi ewg~jK wkv MnY Kie| GB wkv kl wKQz msLK wkv_x KvwiMwi wkvq hve Ges
Abiv gagvbi `Zvi KgRxeb cek Kie| KvwiMwi wkv kl KD KD DPwkvq (ckvMZ) hve, KDev
gagvbi `Zvi KgRxeb cek Kie| DPwkv kl DPZi `Zvi KgRxeb cek Kie| Gfve wewfb vb
I `Zv wbq Zviv KgRxeb i Kie|
4.2.3 wkvg Dbqbi wbavwiZ bxwZgvjv I wkv Kvhg mgvKvix`i wkvq AMmiY wPK mwq weePbvq iL
wkvgi Lmov iciLv cYqb Kiv nq| Lmov iciLvwU wkvg weklMYi ek KqwU AfixY mfvq
chvjvPbv I cwigvRb Kiv nq| Gfve cwigvwRZ wkvKg iciLvwU RvZxq chvqi 2wU mwgbvi Dcvcb I
chvjvPbv Kiv nq| Gme mwgbvi RvZxq chvqi wkvg wekl, welq wekl, wkvwe`, wkK-wkvq
wekl, wkv ckvmK, kwYwkK AskMnY Kib| G mwgbvi evsjv`k RvZxq msm`i KqKRb gvbbxq mvsm`
I RvZxq chvqi ek KqKRb bZe` AskMnY Ki gZvgZ c`vb Kib| mwgbvi _K cv mycvwik weePbvq
iL wkvKg iciLvwU cwigvRb Kiv nq| cwigvwRZ iciLvwU RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW Ges RvZxq
wkvg mg^q KwgwU KZK Abygvw`Z nq|
4.2.4 wkvgi iciLvq Afy welqmg~n nQ wkvi j I mvaviY Dk, iwfwK wbevwPZ welq, welqwfwK
b^i eb I mvvwnK wcwiqW msLv, wkveli Kgw`em, wcwiqWi evw, RvZxq w`emmg~n KiYxq BZvw`|
4.3
4.3.1 welqwfwK wkvg Dbqb KwgwUmg~nK wkvg Dbqb welq wbweo cwkY `Iqv nq| cwkYi cavb wZbwU
nQ (K) wkvgi iciLv cwiwPwZ I wkvg Dbqbi bxwZgvjv (L) wkvg Dbqb cwqv Ges wkvg Dbqbi
wbavwiZ QK I Gi eenvi (M) QKwfwK nvZ Kjg bgybv wkvg Dbqb Ges chvjvPbv|
4.3.2 cwkY cviwiK Avjvc-AvjvPbvi gvag welqwfwK wkvg Dbqb wbgwjwLZ mvcvb AbymiYi wmv
bIqv nq:
(K) f~wgKv (welqi msw cwiPq) (L) Dk (mvaviY Dkvewji AvjvK welqi Dkvewj) (M) cvwK
wkLbdj (welqwfwK Dkvewj ARb DchvMx wbavwiZ i kl ARbhvM wkLbdj|) QK 1 G cvwK
wkLbdji kwYwfwK wefvRb Ges QK 2 G kwYwfwK wkLbdj, Aavq I wcwiqW msLv, AavqwfwK welqe,
wkLb-kLvbv wb`kbv, g~jvqb wb`kbv I cvVcyK cYqb wb`kbv| hnZz beg - v`k kwY I GKv`k-v`k
kwY AweQ` kwY, mnZz G `ywU chvqi wkvg Dbqb QK-1 G kwYwfwK wkLbdj wefvRbi cqvRb nq
wb|
4.3.3 cwZwU welqwfwK KwgwU w`bevcx wbavwiZ msLK mfvq wgwjZ nq wbavwiZ QK wkvgi Lmov cYqb Kib|
Gici GKB aibi welqQi welqwfwK KwgwUmg~n I wkvg civgkKi h_ mfvq Lmov wkvg Dcvcb
I chvjvPbv Kiv nq| welq KwgwU m Abymvi wkvg cwigvRb Kib|
4.3.4 GKB aibi welqmg~n wbq PviwU `j MVb Ki cwZwU `ji AvevwmK Kgkvjv AbywZ nq| welq KwgwUi m`me`,
mswk fwUs KwgwU I mv`bv KwgwUi m`me`, wkv gYvjq KZK MwVZ wkvg Dbqb welqK UKwbKvj
KwgwUi m`me` G Kgkvjvq AskMnY Kib| G Kgkvjvq welqwfwK wkvg Dcvcb I chvjvPbv Kiv nq|
chvjvPbvi AvjvK mswk KwgwU wkvgi cqvRbxq cwigvRb Kib|
4.3.5 cieZxZ mKj wkvgi Rb GKwU mvaviY Ask (Generic Part) Zwi Kiv nq| G AskwU c~e cZKZ wkvgi
iciLv I welqwfwK wkvgmg~ni mv_ mg^q Ki c~Yv ic`vb Kiv nq|
4.3.6 Gici cYxZ wkvg wefvMxq Kgkvjvq Dcvcb I chvjvPbv Kiv nq| Kgkvjvq welq-wkKMY `jMZfve ^ ^
welqi wkvg wbweofve chvjvPbv Ki mywbw` mycvwik ivLb| Kgkvjvi G mycvwiki AvjvK welq KwgwU
wkvg cwigvRb Ki mvweK ic`vb Kib|
4.3.7 wkvgwU UKwbKvj I fwUs KwgwU KZK cwigvRbi ci wkv gYvjq KZK MwVZ cdkbvj KwgwU I RvZxq
wkvg I cvVcyK evW KZK Abygvw`Z nq| mekl RvZxq wkvg mg^q KwgwU KZK Abygv`b jvfi ci
wkvgwU RvZxq wkvg 2012 wnmve MnxZ nq|
4.4
1.
2. wkvgi
iciLv cYqb
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.4
GmBGmwWwc I GbwmwUwei
wkvg wekle`
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3.1
2.3.2
3. welqwfwK
wkvg Dbqb
3.1.
3.2.1
3.2.2
4.
wkvgi
mg^q mvab I
Abygv`b
4.1.
Dbqb/cYqbKvixe`
GmBGmwWwc I GbwmwUwei
wkvg wekle`
GmBGmwWwci wkvg
wekle`
GmBGmwWwci wkvg
wekle`
3.2.3
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.1.3
4.2
5.
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20
5.21
5.22
6.
6.1
6.2
mvaviY, gv`vmv I BsiwR wkvavivmn mKj avivi wkvi Rb Ag kwY ch GKgyLx I Awfb wkvg cYqb|
Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw, Kg I RxebgyLx wkv Ges Kvwiqvi wkv mshvRbi cvkvcvwk cPwjZ mvgvwRK wevb welqi cwieZ evsjv`k
I wekcwiPq welq mshvRb|
Rjevqy cwieZb, cRbb ^v, Z_ AwaKvi, AwURg BZvw` welqe mshvRb|
6 _K 10g kwYZ HwQK welq wnmve z` bMvxi fvlv I mswZ welq mshvRb|
hyMi Pvwn`vbymvi mKj ii cPwjZ welqvw`i welqe AvaywbKvqb Ges GKv`k-v`k kwYZ HwQK welq wnmve UzwiRg G
nmwcUvwjwU bZzb welq mshvRb|
ag wkvmn mKj welq bwZK wkvi Dci iZ c`vb|
fvlv Av`vjb I gywhyi PZbv Ges Amvc`vwqK PZbv weKvki gvag `kvZeva I RvZxq HK weKvki Dci iZ c`vb| `kvZeva
weKvki gvag AvRvwZKZveva mwi cqvm|
wevbgb, hywev`x, KggyLx I ` Rbkw mwi Dci iZ Avivc|
gvZfvlv evsjv Ges AvRvwZK fvlv BsiwR wkvq welqe gyL Kivi cwieZ kvbv, ejv, cov I jLv G PviwU `Zv kwYK
Abykxjbi gvag kLvi myhvM mw Ges AwRZ `Zv g~jvqbi cwZ ceZb|
wkLb-kLvbv Kkji gvag wkv_x`iK mRbkxj Kiv A_vr weklYg~jK, wPv DxcK I mRbkxj ckvi I KvR
Abykxjbi gvag mRbkxj I Dvebx gZvi weKvki myhvM c`vb|
hme welq eenvwiK KvR AvQ hgb- wevb, c`v_wevb, imvqb, Rxewevb, Kwlwkv, Mvnwevb, kvixwiK wkv I ^v,
Kg I RxebgyLx wkv, Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw, Pvi I KviKjv welqi ZvwK I eenvwiK Aski ga mg^q mvab Ges
wkvK Rxeb I evegyLx Kivi cqvm| A_vr cwZwU Z, m~ I bxwZ wkvi mv_ mv_ eenvwiK Kivi myhvM c`vb|
nvZ Kjg Ki kLv I `jMZ AvjvPbv Ki kLvi Dci iZ c`vb|
kwY Kvhg chywi eenvi ew|
wkvK Rxeb I evegyLx Kivi cqvm Ges `kxq cvcU Dbqbg Rbkw mwi Dci iZ c`vb|
Aavq _K Kx Kx vb, `Zv, g~jeva I `wfw ARb Kie Zv eywewK, gbvcwkR I AveMxq wkLbdj wnmve cwZwU
Aavqi iZ mshvRb|
wkvi gvag mecKvi elg `~i Ki mgZv weavbi myhvM mw| wj, ag, eY, RvwZ, ckvMZ I A_bwZK elg `~i Kivi
j GKxf~Z wkvq iZ c`vb|
wekvqbi Pvwn`v Abymvi gvbem` mwi cqvm|
cwZ wcwiqWi evw ew, AavqwfwK wcwiqW wbaviY, wkvel Kgw`emi msLv ew|
RvZxq w`emmg~n zj Lvjv iL w`em D`hvcbi eev ceZb|
avivevwnK g~jvqbi (MVbKvjxb g~jvqb) gvag wkLb `yejZv wPwZ Ki wbivgqg~jK mevi gvag wkLb wbwZKiY|
cPwjZ eenvwiK cixvi msvi mvabi gvag AwZwi bi c`vbi myhvM e Kiv|
mvgwK g~jvqb/mvgwqK cixv I cvewjK cixv cwZi msvi|
wkvg iciLv
l-v`k kwYi wkvi j I Dk
j
wkv_xi mvweK weKvki gvag gvbweK, mvgvwRK I bwZK Ymb vbx, `, hywev`x I mRbkxj `kcwgK Rbm`
mw|
Dk
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.2.5
6.2.6
6.2.7
6.2.8
wkv_xi my cwZfv I mvebv weKvki gvag mRbkxjZv, Kbv I Abymwrmv ewZ mnvqZv Kiv|
wkv_xi ga gvbweK Yvewj, hgb- bwZK g~jeva, mZZv, Aaemvq, mwnyZv, kLjv, AvZwekvm, m`vPvi, Abi
cwZ kveva, bv`wbKZveva, mnv`c~Y mK I bvqwePvieva my`pfve Mw_Z Kiv|
gnvb fvlv Av`vjb, gywhyi PZbv I Amvc`vwqK g~jevai AvjvK wkv_xi ga `kcg, RvZxqZveva I
MYZvwK g~jeva RvMZ Kiv Ges mvebvgq bvMwiK wnmve eo DVZ mnvqZv Kiv|
wkv_xi ga evsjv`k mK mymsnZ vbi wfZ iPbv Z_v Gi BwZnvm, HwZn, mswZ, Av_-mvgvwRK I
MYZvwK ivRbwZKPPvi cwZ AvMn I hvMZv mwi gvag ewkK cvcU `ki cMwZ I Dbqb Ae`vb ivLZ
mg Ki Mo Zvjv|
kgi ghv`v, KvRi Afvm I KvR KiZ AvMnx nIqvi cwZ BwZevPK gbvfve weKwkZ Kiv hvZ wkv_x ewMZ
Ges `jMZ Dfq aibi KvR mv`b bwZKZv I `vwqZkxjZvi cwiPq w`Z cvi|
mKj KvhKi hvMvhvM ivq wkv_xi cwgZ evsjv fvlvi `Zv my`p I mymsnZ Kiv Ges wbqwgZ cvVvfvm
Mo Zvjv|
evsjv mvwnZi AwbwnZ bv`wbK m`h, kLjv Ges mL DcfvM I D`NvUb wkv_xi hvMZv weKwkZ Kiv|
AvaywbK Kg, DPwkvmn mKj KvhKi hvMvhvMi cqvRb BsiwR fvlvi gwjK `Zvmg~n ARbi
gvag wkv_xK hvM Ki Mo Zvjv|
6.2.9
wkv_xK MvwYwZK hyw, cwZ I `Zvi mv_ cwiwPZ Kivbv Ges RxebNwb I weki cvwicvwkK mgmv mgvavbi
Rb MwYZi cvqvwMK `Zv weKwkZ Kiv|
6.2.10 wkv_xK chywi cwZ AvMnx Ki Zvjv Ges Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw eenvi AvZwekvmx, Drcv`bkxj Ges
mRbkxj wnmve Zwi Kiv|
6.2.11 wkv_x hvZ Rxebgvb Dbqbi Rb RxebNwb wewfb mgmv Abymvb I mgvavb evwbK cwqv I cwZ cqvM
KiZ cvi m j evwbK `wfw I hvMZv ARb mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.12 `k Ges ewnweki cvKwZK I mvgvwRK cwiek Ges Rjevqyi cwieZbi Dci iZvivc Ki cwiekMZ Dcv`vb
mK wkv_x`i cwiwPZ Kiv| GKB mv_ mswk mKji KjvYi Rb H mKj Dcv`vbK wbqY I eenvi Kivi
hvMZv ARb mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.13 Lv` I cyw, kvixwiK mgZv, ivM-evwa, cRbb ^v Ges ewMZ wbivcv BZvw`i Dci iZvivc Ki
wkv_xK ^vmZ Rxebhvcbi cqvRbxq vb, Rxeb`Zv I `wfw ARb mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.14 wkv_xi gb wbR wbR agxq wekvm I g~jeva RvMZ Kivi cvkvcvwk Ab ag I agvej^x`i cwZ kvkxj nZ
mnvqZv Kiv|
6.2.15 wkv_xi ga evOvwj Ges z` RvwZ-Mvxi bvix-cyil, eY, Mv, fvlv, mswZ, wewfb kwY I ckvi gvbyli cwZ
vZZ I kveva mw Kiv|
6.2.16 wkv_xi `wnK I gvbwmK weKvki j mnwkvwgK Kvhvewj- Ljvayjv, kixiPPv, mvswZK KgKv, Pvi I KviKjv
Abykxjbi wbqwgZ Afvm Mo Zvjv|
6.2.17 Rxebevcx wkvq AvMnx I hvM Kivi Rb wkv_xi ewMZ I mvgvwRK Rxeb, AvaywbK Kg Ges ^-Kgmsvbi
Rb cqvRbxq vb, `Zv I `wfw my`p Kiv|
6.2.18 mnhvwMZvg~jK KvR Kivi gvag wkv_xi bZZ, mnhvwMZv I hvMvhvM `Zv weKvk mg Kiv|
6.2
welq KvVvgv
l, mg I Ag kwYi welq KvVvgv, b^i I mgq eb
mKj avivi AvewkK welq
(mvaviY wkv, gv`vmv wkv I BsiwR wkv aviv)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
cixvi
b^i
evsjv
BsiwR
MwYZ
evsjv`k I wekcwiPq
wevb
Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw
gvU
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
150
150
100
100
100
50
650
mgqeb
(Kvm wcwiqW)
mvvwnK mvgwqK
5
87
5
87
4
70
3
53
4
70
2
35
23
402
100
53
106
50
50
50
250
2
2
2
9
35
35
35
158
70
70
70
316
100
1000
2
34
35
595
70
1190
`e:
`wbK cviwK mgvek (Assembly) Gi gqv` 15wgwbU Ges 3q wcwiqW ci gav weiwZi evw 45wgwbU|
`yB wkdU cwiPvwjZ cwZvb me 5wgwbU Ki mgq Kg ne Ges gav weiwZi evw 25wgwbU|
evwlK
174
174
140
106
140
70
804
6.3 mvaviY wkv avivi beg I `kg kwYi welq-KvVvgv, b^i I mgq eb
welqi aib
welq
cixvi
b^i
AvewkK
1. evsjv
2. BsiwR
3. MwYZ
4. ag I bwZK wkv
(Bmjvg I bwZK wkv/ wn`yag I bwZK wkv/
wLag I bwZK wkv / eag I bwZK wkv)
5. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw
6. Kvwiqvi wkv
7. kvixwiK wkv, ^vwevb I Ljvayjv
gvU
kvLvwfwK welq
wevb kvLvi 8. c`v_wevb
Rb AvewkK 9. imvqb
welq
10.Rxewevb/DPZi MwYZ
11.evsjv`k I wekcwiPq
wevb kvLvi 12.Rxewevb/DPZi MwYZ/ z` bMvxi fvlv I
HwQK welq
mswZ/Kwlwkv/Mvnwevb/f~Mvj I cwiek/Pvi I
(GKwU bIqv
KviKjv/msMxZ/ewmK UW/kvixwiK wkv I xov*
hve)
megvU
eemvq wkv 8. eemvq D`vM
kvLvi Rb
9. wnmvewevb
AvewkK welq 10.wdbv I evswKs
11.wevb
eemvq wkv 12.f~Mvj I cwiek/ evsjv`k I wekcwiPq/
kvLvi HwQK
Kwlwkv/Mvnwevb/ z` bMvxi fvlv I
welq
mswZ/Pvi I KviKjv/ msMxZ/ewmK UW
(GKwU bIqv
megvU
hve)
gvbweK kvLvi 8. evsjv`ki BwZnvm I wekmfZv
Rb AvewkK 9. f~Mvj I cwiek
welq
10. A_bxwZ/cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv
11. wevb
gvbweK kvLvi 12.A_bxwZ/cibxwZ I bvMwiKZv/Pvi I
HwQK welq
KviKjv/Kwlwkv /Mvnwevb/z` bMvxi fvlv I
(GKwU bqv
mswZ/ Aviwe/msZ/cvwj/ msMxZ/ewmK UW
hve)
/kvixwiK wkv I xov*
megvU
200
200
100
100
mgqeb
(Kvm wcwiqW)
mvvwnK mvgwqK
5
80
5
80
4
64
2
32
evwlK
160
160
128
64
50
50
100
800
2
1
2
21
32
16
32
336
64
32
64
672
100
100
100
100
100
3
3
3
3
3
54
54
54
54
54
108
108
108
108
108
1300
100
100
100
100
100
36
3
3
3
3
3
606
54
54
54
54
54
1212
108
108
108
108
108
1300
100
100
100
100
100
36
3
3
3
3
3
606
54
54
54
54
54
1212
108
108
108
108
108
1300
36
606
1212
`e:
wevb, gvbweK I eemvq wkv kvLv _K hKvbv GKwU kvLv wbevPb Ki wbevwPZ kvLvi AvewkK welqmg~n wbZ
ne|
mvn 6w`b `wbK 6wcwiqW AbywZ ne|
wcwiqWi evw I Abvb welq l _K Ag kwYi Abyic ne|
* kvixwiK wkv I xov welqwU ay evsjv`k xov wkv cwZvbi wevb kvLv I gvbweK kvLvi wkv_xiv HwQK
welq wnmve wbZ cvie|
4. Bmjvg wkv
5. Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ
6. Aviwe (cyivZb wkvg)
4. mvaviY wevb Ges Lv` I cyw wevb
5. eenvwiK wkKjv Ges e I cvlvK wk
6. Mn eevcbv I wkeaY Ges cvwievwiK mK
(cyivZb wkvg)
4. jNy msMxZ (cyivZb wkvg)
5. DPv msMxZ (cyivZb wkvg)
6. A_bxwZ A_ev cibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev
BwZnvm
* BwZnvm Ges Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ welq `ywUi ga hKvbv GKwU AvewkK A_ev HwQK wnmve bIqv hve| Zgwbfve
mgvRwevb I mgvRKg welq `ywUi hKvbv GKwU AvewkK A_ev HwQK welq wnmve bIqv hve| DjL _vK h, welq `ywU GKB m
AvewkK I HwQK wnmve bIqv hve bv|
* xov welqwU ay evsjv`k xov wkv cwZvbi wevb I gvbweK kvLvi wkv_xiv HwQK welq wnmve wbZ cvie|
6.5 RvZxq wkvg 2012 Abymvi GKv`k-v`k kwYi welq KvVvgv (2014-2015 wkvel nZ KvhKi ne)
1. wkv_xK wbi hKvb GKwU kvLvq fwZ nZ ne| kvLvmg~n nQ
K. gvbweK L. wevb M. eemvq wkv N. Bmjvg wkv kvLv O. Mvnwevb Ges P. msMxZ
2. mKj kvLvi Rb AvewkK welq 1. evsjv 2. BsiwR 3. Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw
3. kvLvwfwK welqmg~nkvLv
kvLvwfwK AvewkK wZbwU welq
kvLvwfwK HwQK welq (GKwU bIqv hve)
wevb
gvbweK
4.
5.
6.
4.
c`v_wevb
imvqb
Rxewevb A_ev DPZi MwYZ
BwZnvm A_ev Bmjvgi BwZnvm I
mswZ
5. cibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev A_bxwZ A_ev
hywwe`v
6. mgvRwevb A_ev mgvRKg A_ev fMvj
eemvq
wkv
Bmjvg
wkv
4.
5.
6.
4.
5.
6.
4.
5.
6.
Mvnwevb
mxZ
Bmjvg wkv
Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ
Aviwe
wki weKvk
Lv` I cyw
Mn eevcbv Ges cvwievwiK Rxeb
jNy mxZ
DPv mxZ
A_bxwZ A_ev cibxwZ I mykvmb A_ev
BwZnvm
7. (K) Rxewevb, (L) DPZi MwYZ, (M) Kwlwkv, (N) fMvj, (O)
gbvwevb, (P) cwimsLvb, (Q) gwKvwevb, (R) cKkj AsKb I
IqvKkc cvKwUm (cyivZb wkvKg), (S)*xov (cyivZb wkvg),
7. (K) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (L) A_bxwZ, (M) fMvj, (N) hywwe`v,
(O) mgvRwevb, (P) mgvRKg, (Q) Bmjvg wkv, (R) gbvwevb,
(S) cwimsLvb, (T) b-wevb (bZzb wkvg cYqb mvc) (U)
Kwlwkv (V) Mvnwevb, (W) Pviy I KviyKjv, (X) bvUKjv (cyivZb
wkvg), (Y) mgiwe`v (cyivZb wkvg), (Z) Aviwe A_ev cvwj
A_ev msZ (cyivZb wkvg), (_) *xov (cyivZb wkvg)
7. (K) wdbv, evswKs I wegv, (L) Drcv`b eevcbv I wecYb, (M)
UzwiRg G nmwcUvwjwU, (N) gvbe m` Dbqb (bZzb wkvg
cYqb mvc), (O) cwimsLvb, (P) fMvj, (Q) A_bxwZ, (R)
Kwlwkv, (S) Mvnwevb, (T) mvwPweK we`v I Awdm eevcbv
(2015-16 wkvel ch)
7. (K) mgvRwevb, (L) mgvRKg, (M) Kwlwkv, (N) Mvnwevb,
(O) gbvwevb, (P) hywwe`v, (Q) fMvj, (R) A_bxwZ
7. (K) wkKjv I e cwiQ`, (L) gbvwevb, (M) A_bxwZ, (N)
mgvRKg, (O) fMvj, (P) mgvRwevb
7. (K) A_bxwZ, (L) cibxwZ I mykvmb, (M) gbvwevb, (N)
hywwe`v, (O) Mvnwevb, (P) mgvRwevb, (Q) mgvRKg
* xov welqwU ay evsjv`k xov wkv cwZvbi wevb I gvbweK kvLvi wkv_xiv HwQK welq wnmve wbZ cvie|
BwZnvm Ges Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ welq `ywUi ga hKvbv GKwU AvewkK A_ev HwQK wnmve bIqv hve| Zgwbfve
mgvRwevb I mgvRKg welq `ywUi hKvbv GKwU AvewkK A_ev HwQK wnmve bIqv hve| DjL _vK h, welq `ywU GKB m
AvewkK I HwQK wnmve bIqv hve bv|
mKj welq `yB c _vKe Ges c~Y b^i ne 200|
ay Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw welq GKwU c _vKe Ges Gi c~Y b^i ne 100|
mKj welq mvvwnK wcwiqW 5wU|
Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw welqi mvvwnK wcwiqW 3wU|
cwZwU wcwiqWi evw ne 60 wgwbU|
GKB welq kvLvwfwK AvewkK welq Ges HwQK welq wnmve `yevi bIqv hve bv|
h me welq eenvwiK AvQ Hme welq Zxq I eenvwiK mgw^Zfve Pje| A_vr Zxq Ask Ges G mswk eenvwiK Aski wkLbkLvbv Kvhg GKB mv_ cwiPvwjZ ne| cvVcyK mfveB cYxZ ne|
RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW KZK cKvwkZ evsjv I BsiwR eB eenvi KiZ ne| Abvb welqi cvVcyK RvZxq wkvg I
cvVcyK evW KZK Abygvw`Z nZ ne| Ze idvi wnmve Abvb eB eenvi Kiv hZ cvi|
7.
8.
wkLb gZev`
8.1
wkv wevbi AZ iZc~Y welq wkLb gZev`| `xNw`b ai _bWvBKi cPv I fyj mskvab gZev` (Trail and
Error Theory of Thorndike); cfjfi DxcK I cwZwqvwfwK mvc cwZeZev` (Conditioned Reflex Theory of
Pavlov); Kvnjvi I KvdKvii mgMZvev` (Gestalt Theory) wkLbi AbymZ nq AvmQ| eqmf` wk`i AeaviY
gZv wfb G welq Theory of Cognitive Development of Piaget wkvwevb mwekl Ae`vb iL PjQ| G gZev`
AeaviY gZv ev mvg_i ZviZg Abymvi 1 _K 16 eQi eqmi wk RxebK PviwU i fvM Kiv nqQ| fvMjv
nQ (K) 0-2 eQi mse`b mvjbi i (L) 2-7 eQi cvK-KvhKi i (M) 7-11 eQi eve KvhKi i Ges (N) 11-16
eQi AvbyvwbK KvhKi i| wkvg Dbqb I wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg cwiPvjbvq wki AeaviY gZv ev mvg_i welq
weePbvq ivLv LyeB iZc~Y| Kvb eqmi wk KZUzKz aviY KiZ cvi ev Kvb eqm Kx Kx aibi weg~Z aviYv jvf
KiZ mg m mK my aviYv _vKv AZvekK| wkLbi DwjwLZ cZKwU gZev` g~jZ AvPiYev`| wK eZgvb wek
mevwaK AvjvP wkLb gZev`wU aviYv MVb mwKZ hv MVbev` bvg cwiwPZ|
MVbev`wfwZ wkvgi webvm ne kwLj (spiral)| G eevq wkv_x AwRZ aviYv, vb I `wfwi Dci wfw
Ki gvMZfve bZzb bZyb aviYv, vb I `wfw ARb Kie|
David Jonassen Gi
MwVZ (Constructed) : wkv_xiv Zv`i c~evb, aviYv I AwfZvi mv_ bZzb vb I AwfZvi mg^q Ki Abyavbi
gvag wbRi gvS bZzb aviYv MVb Kie|
mwq (Active) : wkv_xiv wbRivB wbR`i aviYv mw Kie| wkK Zv`iK cqvRbxq wb`kbv w`eb Ges
wkv_x`iK cixv KiZ, DcKiYvw` eenvi KiZ, ck KiZ I cPv PvjvZ myhvM Ki w`eb|
wkv_x`iK wbR`i j I Kgcv wbaviY mnvqZv w`eb|
8.
8.1
8.2
ck Kivi ixwZ
mg kwYK Dk Ki ck Kiv| c_g Kvbv wkv_xK wbw` Ki ZvK ck Kiv nj kwYi Ab wkv_xiv
wbwq _vK, AgbvhvMx nZ cvi| mevBK mwq ivLvi Rb mg kwYK ck KiZ nq|
wPv Ki Di wVK Kivi Rb wKQyUv mgq `Iqv|
Di `vb kLjv eRvq ivLv| Di`vb mg wkv_xiv nvZ DVve| mevi GKmv_ Di `Iqvi Afvm ZvM
KivZ ne|
wkv_xK wbw` Ki Di w`Z ejv| GKB wkv_xK evi evi Di `Iqvi myhvM bv w`q chvqg mevBK
myhvM `Iqv| cqvRb Di`vb BwZ w`q mnvqZv Kiv| Di mwVK bv nj Ab wkv_xK Di w`Z ejv|
mwVK Di cybivew Kiv|
Gici c~e nvZ DVvq wb Ggb AcviM wkv_xK GKB cki Di w`Z ejv|
cqvRb Abymvbx ck (probing question) Kiv| GKwU cki Di _K h ck RvM ZvK Abymvbx ck ejv
nq|
9.1
`j MVb
wewfbfve `j MVb Kiv hvq| mg-mvg_i wkv_x`i `j, wgk mvg_i wkv_x`i `j, welqwfwK `j,
AjwfwK `j BZvw`| AbK wgk mvg_ `ji myweav Ab`i Pq wKQyUv ewk| cwZ cvVi Rb ev cwZ
welqi Rb bZzb Ki `j MVb KiZ Mj AbK mgq jvM| ZvB kwYwkK (whwb c_g wcwiqW Kvm bb) `j
MVb Kieb| cqvRb GK gvm Ai Ai bZzb Ki `j MVb Kieb| GZ wkv_x`i wg_wqvi cwimi ew
cvq| GKB kwYi wewfb welqi wkKMY kwYwkK KZK MwVZ `jjvKB `jMZ KvR wbqvwRZ Kieb|
cwZwU `ji AvKvi 6Rb _K 8Rb nj fvj, Ze 10Rbi ewk nIqv evbxq bq| cZK `ji GKwU Ki bvg
_vKj myweav nq| dj, dzj, cvwL, b`x ev is Gi bvg `ji bvg ivLv hvq|
11.
15.
wkv_xi AveMxq w`Kmg~n wekl Ki ewK I mvgvwRK AvPiY Ges g~jeva cZ cheYi gvag
g~jvqb Ki wb`kbv `Iqv hvq|
G g~jvqbi gvag wkK Zuvi eeZ wkLb kLvbv cwZ I Kkji h_v_Zv I djcm~Zv wbaviY Ki ev
`yejZv wPwZ Ki cqvRbxq cwieZb AvbZ cvib|
avivevwnK g~jvqb
avivevwnK g~jvqbi gvag wkv_xi `yejZv wPwZ Ki wb`kbv `Iqv hvq Ges cqvRb wbivgqg~jK eev MnY
Kiv hvq|
15.1
kwYi KvR
wkLb-kLvbv Kvhg PjvKvjxb wkv_x KZK mvw`Z hveZxq KvR kwYi KvR wnmve weewPZ| welqf`
kwYi KvRi aib ZviZg _vKZ cvi| AwaKvsk B cki Di ejv ev jLv, AuvKv (wP/Qwe, mviwY,
gvbwP, jLwP), AvjvPbv I weZK AskMnY, Pwi-Awfbq, eenvwiK KvR-G aibi me wKQzB kwYi KvR|
evsjv I BsiwR welq kvbv, ejv, cov, jLv BZvw` kwYi KvR wnmve weewPZ ne|
15.2 evwoi KvR
wkv_x evwoZ wkvgwfwK h KvRjv mb Ki ZvB evwoi KvR | evwoi KvR wkv_x GKKfve mb
Kie GUvB cZvwkZ| wkK wbwZ neb h, wkv_x GKvB KvRwU mb KiQ| evwoi KvRi gvag wkv_xi
wPb `Zv Ges ewK AvPiY I g~jeva g~jvqb Kiv ne| evwoi KvR g~jvqb Ki wkK wkv_x`iK
cqvRbxq wkLb mnvqZv w`eb| wkvgi wkLbdji Pvwn`vi Dci wfw Ki wkK evwoi KvR w`eb|
j ivLZ ne evwoi KvR hb wkv_xK gyL Kivq DrmvwnZ bv Ki| evwoi KvR Ggb nZ ne hb
wkv_xi wPb `Zv weKvk Ges mRbkxjZv cKvki myhvM _vK|
kwYK AwRZ aviYvmg~n wPv I KvR cqvM Kivi myhvM hb evwoi KvR _vK| evwoi KvR hb
wkv_xK mRbkxj cki cwZZ mvnvh Ki mw`K iZ w`Z ne| wkvg gvwU wkLb kLvbv
Kvhg Kjvg c` evwoi KvR bgybv wnmve AbymiY Kiv hZ cvi|
cwZwU welqi evwoi KvRjv Ggb ne hv wkv_x 30-35 wgwbUi ga mv`b KiZ cvi| wkK cwZ
mvgwqK kwYZ cqvRbxq msLK evwoi KvR w`eb|
15.3 kwY Afxv
cwZwU Aavq kl kwY Afxv bIqv ne| kwY Afxv wjwLZ ev eenvwiK ne| cwZwU kwY Afxv ^ mgq
bIqv ne| welqi Rb wbavwiZ Kvm wcwiqW bIqv ne| wbavwiZ GK Kvm wcwiqWi AwZwi mgq bIqv hve
bv| kwY Afxvi w`b kwYi Abvb wcwiqWi ^vfvweK KvRKg h_vixwZ Pje|
16
bvg I c`we
W. Kvgvj Ave`yj bvmi Payix
mwPe, wkv gYvjq, evsjv`k mwPevjq, XvKv|
DcvPvh, RvZxq wekwe`vjq, MvRxcyi|
W. KvRx LjxKzvgvb Avng`
Pqvigvb, evsjv`k Dbqb cwil` I mfvcwZ, evsjv`k A_bxwZ mwgwZ|
hyM-mwPe (gvawgK), wkv gYvjq, evsjv`k mwPevjq, XvKv|
gnvcwiPvjK, gvawgK I DPwkv Awa`i, XvKv|
gnvcwiPvjK, RvZxq wkv eevcbv GKvWgx, avbgw, XvKv|
gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv`k KvwiMwi wkv Awa`i, AvMviMuvI, XvKv|
cwiPvjK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
cdmi gvt gvdv KvgvjDwb
Pqvigvb, RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv|
Pqvigvb, gvawgK I DPgvawgK wkvevW, XvKv|
Pqvigvb, evsjv`k KvwiMwi wkvevW, XvKv|
Pqvigvb, evsjv`k gv`&ivmv wkvevW, XvKv|
m`m (wkvg), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv|
cdmi W. gynv` Rvdi BKevj
wefvMxq cavb, KwDUvi mvq G Bwwbqvwis wefvM, kvnRvjvj wevb I chyw wekwe`vjq, wmjU|
W. gvt wQwKzi ingvb
cvb AavcK I cwiPvjK, wkv I MelYv BbwwUDU
XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
AavcK W. gvt AvLZvivgvb
Bmjvgi BwZnvm I mswZ wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
AavcK kvnxb gvn&eyev Kexi
BsiwR wefvM RvnvxibMi wekwe`vjq, mvfvi, XvKv|
m`m (cv_wgK wkvg), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv|
m`m (cvVcyK), RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv|
cK cwiPvjK, GmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DPwkv Awa`i, wkv feb, XvKv|
Dc mwPe (gvawgK), wkv gYvjq, evsjv`k mwPevjq, XvKv|
KwgwUZ c`we
mfvcwZ
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
2. cdkbvj KwgwU
wgK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
bvg I c`we
cdmi gvt gvdv KvgvjDwb
Pqvigvb, RvZxq wkvg I cvVcyK evW, XvKv|
gnvcwiPvjK, gvawgK I DP wkv Awa`i, XvKv|
gnvcwiPvjK, RvZxq wkv eevcbv GKvWgx, avbgw, XvKv|
cwiPvjK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq,XvKv|
gnvcwiPvjK, evsjv GKvWgx, XvKv|
gnvcwiPvjK, BmjvwgK dvDkb evsjv`k, XvKv|
Rbve gbRyij Avnmvb eyjeyj
cavb mv`K, ekvLx Uwjwfwkb wjwgUW, XvKv|
cK cwiPvjK, GmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DP wkv Awa`i, wkv feb, XvKv|
Pqvigvb, gvawgK I DPgvawgK wkvevW, XvKv I mfvcwZ, evsjv`k Avt evW mg^q mve KwgwU|
Pqvigvb, evsjv`k gv`&ivmv wkv evW, XvKv|
Pqvigvb, evsjv`k KvwiMwi wkv evW, XvKv|
AavcK Avyjvn Avey mvqx`
cwiPvjK, wekmvwnZ K`, XvKv|
KwgwUZ c`we
mfvcwZ
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
3. UKwbKvj KwgwU
wgK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
bvg I c`we
cdmi gvt Ave`yyj Revi
cvb cwiPvjK, bvqg, XvKv|
(evwo bs-7, moK bs-11, mi bs-4, Div gWj UvDb, XvKv-1230)
AavcK W. Avey nvwg` jwZd
mycvi wbDgvwi AavcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
cdmi Ave`ym myenvb
cvb gnvcwiPvjK, cv_wgK wkv Awa`i
(wm-8, evmv bs-52, ivW bs-6/G, avbgw AvevwmK GjvKv, XvKv|)
AavcK W. Mvjvg imyj wgqv
cvb Aa, wUPvm Uwbs KjR, XvKv|
(evmv bs-47, ivW bs-02, mi-09, Div gWj UvDb, XvKv-1230|)
W. gvt wQwKzi ingvb
civgkK
GmBGmwWwc, gvawgK I DPwkv Awa`i, wkv feb, XvKv|
cdmi W. gvt bvRgyj Kwig Payix
eevcbv wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
W. Avyj gvjK
AavcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
Rbve gvnv` RvwKi nvmb
wkvg wekl
GmBGmwWwc, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
Rbve kvnxbviv eMg
wekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
Rbve gvt gvLjm Di ingvb
wekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
Rbve gvt dinv`yj Bmjvg
EaZb wekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m-mwPe
KwgwUZ c`we
AvnevqK
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m-mwPe
4. fwUs KwgwU
wgK
bvg I c`we
1.
evsjv
KwgwUZ c`we
1.
2.
2.
BsiwR
1.
2.
3.
MwYZ
1.
2.
4.
wevb
1.
2.
5.
evsjv`k I wekcwiPq
1.
2.
6.
Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw
1.
2.
7.
cwiek cwiwPwZ
1.
2.
bvg I c`ex
cdmi W. gvneyeyj nK
evsjv wefvM, PUMvg wekwe`vjq, PUMvg |
cdmi fx`e Paywi
evsjv wefvM, XvKv wekwe`jq, XvKv|
cdmi W. mq` AvwRRyj nK
evsjv wefvM, XvKv wekwe`vjq, XvKv|
cdmi b~iRvnvb eMg
Aa, miKvix wevb KjR, XvKv|
W. Avyj gvbvb miKvi
cavb mv`K, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
Rbve cxwZk Kzgvi miKvi
EaZb wekl, GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
Rbve gv. gwZDi ingvb
KvwiKzjvg wekl, GmBGmwWwc,GbwmwUwe, XvKv|
KwgwUZ c`ex
AvnevqK
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
m`m
mg^qKvix
bvg I c`we
1.
2.
KwgwUZ c`we
mvweK
mg^qKvix
mvweK
mg^qKvix
1. f~wgKv
evsjv Avgv`i ivfvlv| G`ki AwaKvsk bvMwiKi gvZfvlvI evsjv| gnvb fvlv Av`vjb I gywhyi PZbv
evsjv fvlvK mymsnZ I mg Kivi iZc~Y f~wgKv iLQ| Avgv`i cvZwnK Rxebi wecyj KgKv,
hvMvhvMi wewP gvag, ivxq KvR evsjv fvlv evcKfve eeZ nQ| GB cvcU evsjv fvlvi iZ
mK wkv_x`i mPZb Kiv hgb Riwi, Zgwb cwgZ evsjv fvlv eenvi Zv`i `Zv ARb mnvqZv KivI
Acwinvh| ^fveZB wkv_xi gvbm MVb, ewZ weKvk Ges mevcwi mswZevb I iwPkxj gvbyl wnme ZvK
Mo Zvjvi Rb evsjv fvlv I mvwnZi cVb-cvVb wekl iZ `vwe Ki| wkv_xiv hvZ ewMZ Rxeb _K
i Ki cvwZvwbK I RvZxq chvq cwgZ evsjv fvlv h_vh_fve cqvM KiZ cvi mw`K j iL G
wkvg cYxZ nqQ|
evsjv`ki eZgvb wkv eevq gvawgK chvqi kl i njv GKv`k-v`k kwY| G ii DjLhvM msLK
wkv_x cieZxKvj DPZi wkv MnYi myhvM cvq; evwK Ask cek Ki KgRMZ| ZvB G ii wkv_xi fvlv
wkv Ggb nIqv DwPZ hvZ m DPZi wkvi c_ mnR GwMq hZ cvi Ges KgRMZ fvlv`ZvK mvdji
m KvR jvMvZ cvi| DPZi wkv wKsev KgRMZi hLvbB G ii wkv_x cek KiK bv Kb, hvM
bvMwiK wnme Zvi KvQ mgvR I ivi AbK cZvkv _vK| `ki mswZ, HwZn I ARb mK mPZb,
gvbweK PZbv I g~jeva DxweZ, AvaywbK chyw-AwfgyLx Ges wevbgb gvbyl wnme wkv_x`i cwZv
RvwZi Kvg| GB weePbv _K GKv`k-v`k kwYi evsjv welqi wkvg wkv_x`i Kbvkw, Abymwrmv,
gvbexq Yvewj I wPvkwK weKwkZ, mymsnZ I cvMmi Kivi cqvm bIqv nqQ| wekl iZ `Iqv nqQ
wkv_xi cvqvwMK fvlv `Zv ARb, mvwnZ I mswZi cwZ AvMn mw, Rxebeva I mRb cwZfvi weKvk mvab
Ges mgZvi Av`k, wevbgbZv I ewkK `wfwZ DxweZ Kivi Ici| G wkvgi Aviv GKwU wekl j
njv, cvVm~wPK h_vme fvigy I Avb``vqK Kiv|
2. Dk
1. evsjv fvlvi ewk, iZ I AwbwnZ kLjv mK aviYv msnZKiY|
2. cwgZ evsjv fvlv eenvi bcyY ARb|
3. evsjv fvlv wkvi iZ Abyaveb Ges cvqvwMK I KggyLx fvlv`Zv ARb|
4. cvVi gge Abyaveb, mvwnZi imvcjw I cvVvfvm AvMnx nIqv|
5. RxebvwfZv I cheYi wewfb welqK ^Kxqfve eYbv Kivi gZv ARb|
6. welqei hywc~Y Dcvcbvq cvi`wkZv ARb|
7. Abymwrmv, Kbvkw I mRbkxjZvi weKvk mvab|
8. bwZKZv, bvq-Abvq weePbv, mvgvwRK g~jeva I PvwiwK Yvewji weKvk mvab|
9. fvlv Av`vjb I gywhyi PZbvi AvjvK `kcg I RvZxqZveva mgybZ ivLZ Dy nIqv|
10. Amv`vwqK PZbv I gvbweK g~jeva DxweZ nIqv|
11. evsjvi mswZ, jvKmswZ I HwZn mK ghv`vc~Y `wfw ARb|
12. mKj gvbyli cwZ mgghv`vi gbvfve cvlY I Zv cwZvq eZx nIqv|
13. cwiek-mPZbZv, wevbgbZv I ewkK `wfwi weKvk mvab|
14. AvaywbK chywi mnvqZvq evsjv fvlv eenvi Dy I mwq nIqv|
2.
welqe / fvee
fvlv bcyY
wkLbdj
1. cwgZ evsjv DPviYi wbqgjv DjL KiZ cvie|
2. cwgZ DPviY h Kvbv iPbv (M` I KweZv) cvV
KiZ cvie|
3. cwgZ evsjv evbvbi wbqgjv DjL KiZ cvie|
4. h Kvbv jLvq cwgZ evsjv evbvbi wbqgjv cqvM
KiZ cvie|
5. evsjv k I evK fve cqvM KiZ cvie|
3.
welqe / fvee
(Kg-Abykxjb, wbwgwZ)
fvlv wkvi iZ
wkLbdj
1. eenvwiK Rxeb fvlv wkvi cqvRbxqZvi wewfb w`K
eYbv KiZ cvie|
2. wPwVc, `wjj-`veR, viKwjwc, PvKwii `iLv,
cwZe`b, mvimsc, eZv BZvw` wjLZ cvie|
3. gyVvdvb I B-gBj hvMvhvMi Rb evsjv fvlvq
evZv I wPwV wjLZ cvie|
4 ckvmwbK, `vwiK I wewfb we`vmswk cqvRbxq
cwifvlv eenvi KiZ cvie|
5 mnR BsiwRZ jLv AbyQ` evsjvq Abyev` KiZ
cvie|
6. hwZwPi egyLx I evcK eenvi Rb Zv cqvM
KiZ cvie|
7. gy`Ycgv` mskvabi cwZ wkL Zv cqvM KiZ
cvie|
8. wewfb cvmwK welq ce iPbv KiZ cvie|
welqe / fvee
4.
mvwnZi imvcjw
wkLbdj
1. wbavwiZ cvV Abyaveb Ki Zvi welqe ev gge cKvk
KiZ cvie|
2. cvVm~wPfz mvwnZ cvV Ki wbRi Abyf~wZ e KiZ
cvie|
3. cvVm~wP-ewnf~Z mvwnZ cvV Ki Zvi welqe evLv
KiZ Ges wbRi Abyf~wZ e KiZ cvie|
4. msev`c I c-cwKv BZvw` co welqe eyS
gZvgZ cKvk KiZ cvie|
5.
welqe / fvee
eYbvq ^KxqZv
wkLbdj
1. cZ NUbv I ewMZ AwfZv wbRi fvlvq eYbv
KiZ cvie|
2. Abyvb I NUbv cheY Ki eYbv I AwfgZ e
KiZ cvie|
3. ivRbvgPv/w`bwjwc wjLZ cvie|
6.
welqe / fvee
hwK Dcvcbv
wkLbdj
1. cwVZ M` / KweZvi g~j ee ev g~jfve wbRi fvlvq
cKvk KiZ cvie|
2. cwVZ welqK hwKfve weklY KiZ cvie|
3. cvih iv Ki welqe eYbv KiZ cvie|
4. Zzjbv I wePvi Ki wbRi AwfgZ cKvk KiZ cvie|
7.
welqe / fvee
mRbkxjZv
wkLbdj
1. Abymvbg~jK KvRi gvag wbavwiZ welq ejZ I
wjLZ cvie|
2. c` cwiwwZ, welq, msKZ ev iciLvi wfwZ cvV
mmviY ev wbgvY KiZ cvie|
3. Kbvkwi cKvk NwUq msjvc, y` M BZvw`
mRbkxj iPbv ejZ I wjLZ cvie|
welqe / fvee
8.
bwZKZv I g~jeva
wkLbdj
1. ew I mvgvwRK Rxebi KjvYv_ bxwZevai
cqvRbxqZv evLv KiZ cvie|
2. KvR I eenvi bxwZevai cKvk NUvZ cvie|
welqe / fvee
9.
10.
ce/M/KweZv/ Dcbvm/bvUK
(evsjv mvwnZ cvV/mncvV/ wbwgwZ)
ce/M/KweZv/ Dcbvm/bvUK
(evsjv mvwnZ cvV/mncvV/ wbwgwZ)
ce/M/KweZv/ Dcbvm/bvUK
(evsjv mvwnZ cvV/mncvV/ wbwgwZ)
ce/M/KweZv/ Dcbvm/bvUK
(evsjv mvwnZ cvV/mncvV/ wbwgwZ)
ce/M/KweZv/ Dcbvm/bvUK
(evsjv mvwnZ cvV/mncvV/ wbwgwZ)
ce/M/KweZv/ Dcbvm/bvUK
(evsjv mvwnZ cvV/mncvV/ wbwgwZ)
ce/M/KweZv/ Dcbvm/bvUK
(evsjv mvwnZ cvV/mncvV/ wbwgwZ)
ce/M/KweZv/ Dcbvm/bvUK
(evsjv mvwnZ cvV/mncvV/ wbwgwZ)
welqe / fvee
welqe / fvee
11.
12.
welqe / fvee
gvbweK ghv`v
wkLbdj
1. RvwZ, ag, eY, Mv, ckv, z` bMvx wbwekl
mKj gvbyli cwZ mgghv`vi gbvfve e KiZ
cvie|
2. KvR I AvPiY mKj gvbyli cwZ kv c`kb
Kie|
3. wekl Pvwn`vmb gvbyli cwZ mngwgZv I
`vwqZevai iZ evLv KiZ cvie|
4. bvix cyili mgAwaKvi I mgghv`vi f~wgKv e
KiZ cvie|
5. AvPiY, KvR I K_vq bvix-cyili mgvbvwaKvii
cwZ BwZevPK gbvfve c`kb Kie|
6. bvix wkv I bvixi gZvqbi Zvrch evLv KiZ
cvie|
7. myhvM I mnvqZv c`vbi gvag bvix wkv I
gZvqb BwZevPK gbvfve c`kb Kie|
8. wk I emn ^ mvg_i gvbyli cwZ mnvbyf~wZ I
ggZ c`kbi iZ evLv KiZ cvie|
9. mswk KgKv AskMnY I AvPiYi gvag ^
mvg_i gvbyli cwZ mnhvwMZvc~Y gbvfve c`kb
Kie|
13.
welqe / fvee
welqe / fvee
14.
3.
1.
welqe / fvee
(Kg-Abykxjb)
cvVcyKjv iPbvi wkvg ewYZ Dk, wkLbdj I welqei Dci wekl iZ Avivc KiZ ne|
K.
S.
jvKKvwnwb
: 1wU
M` msKjb M CkiP` we`vmvMii Kvj _K mvwZKKvj ch jLK`i M` iPbv _K cvV wbevPb
KiZ ne| jvKKvwnwbi Gi ewZg NUZ cvi|
9. Abykxjb chvq cwZwU M` iPbvi kl jLK cwiwPwZ, kv_, UxKv, mvwnZi ickwYMZ cwiPq, KgAbykxjb Ges wewfb aibi ck _vKe| jLK cwiwPwZ mvaviYfve 150 ki ewk bv nIqvB kq|
we.`. evsjv mvwnZ cvVi msKwjZ 30 wU M` _K 12wU M` (6wU ce, 6wU M) cvVm~wPZ Afy KiZ ne|
cwZ 2/3 eQi cici H cvVm~wPZ 4wU Ki M`i cwieZb NUe|
fvee / welqe
K.
M`
fvee
welqe
1.
`kcg
K. fvlv Av`vjb
L. ^vwaKvi I ^vaxbZv msMvg
M. Dbmii MYAfzvb
N. gywhy
O. evsjvi wece Mv_v
P. `ki Rb AvZZvM
2.
PvwiwK Yvewj
K. mZZv
L. KZewbv
M. bvqcivqYZv
N. ZvMawgZv
O. jvKKjvY
P. wkvPvi
Q. bwZKZv
R. g~jeva
S. Kgwbv
T. cigZmwnzZv
U. wevbgbZv
V. AvaywbK Rxeb I bwZKZv
W. wevb I bwZKZv
X. chywi menvi
3.
K. gnvbyfeZv
L. Amv`vwqK Rxebeva
M. kvwc~Y mnvevb
N. mngwgZv
O. gvbweK g~jeva
P. elg `~ixKiY
Q. mvg I gx
4.
5.
wkv
K. wkvi j I Av`k
L. wkv I g~jeva
M. Rxebevcx wkv
N. ewg~jK wkv
O. KggyLx wkv
P. wkv I Dbqb
6. mswZ I HwZn
K. mswZ
L. jvKmswZ
M. evsjvi mvgvwRK Drme
N. jvKDrme
O. jvKmvwnZ
P. jvKwk
Q. z` bMvxi mswZ
K. wekmw
L. Z_chyw
M. wRbchyw
N. Rxecwiek
O. cwiek msiY
P. Rjevqy cwieZb
Q. RxeewP msiY
R. cvKwZK fvimvg
S. `yhvM eevcbv
T. awix iv
8. fvlv I mvwnZ
K. evsjv fvlv
L. evsjv mvwnZ
M. evsjv`ki mvwnZ
N. gvZfvlv
O. mvwnZ I wevb
P. mvwnZ I mgvR
Q. mvwnZi fvlv
R. mvwnZ cvVi Avb`
S. evsjv fvlv I Z_chyw
9. eve AwfZv
K. gY
L. wkv mdi
M. HwZnevnx vb cwi`kb
N. gjv I Drmei AwfZv
O. Mvg I knii Rxeb
P. wZPviY
10. RxebwP
we.`. wkvgi wkLbdji Pvwn`v Abyhvqx DwjwLZ welqi evBi bZzb fvee / welqei wfwZ wjwLZ
ce/wbe/M/Dcbvmi Askwekl/bvUKi Askwekl msKjb Kiv hZ cvi|
L.
KweZv
fvee
welqe
1. wbmM
K. evsjvi icewP
L. b`x I Zvi m`h
M. evsjvi FZzewP
N. evsjvi cKwZ
O. gvbeRxeb I cKwZ
P. cKwZi cwZ ggZ
K. gvZfvlvi gvayh I gn
L. fvlvi gwngv
M. fvlv Av`vjb
3. `kcg
K. gywhy I ^vaxbZv
L. gywhyi MieMv_v
M. evsjv`k welqK KweZv
N. `ki Rb Ae`vb
O. `ki Rb AvZZvM
4. bxwZ I g~jeva
5. gvbweKZv
K. gnvbyfeZv
L. gvbemev
M. gvbeKjvY
N. gvbegwngv
O. Amv`vwqKZv
P. mngwgZv
Q. mvZZ
R. gvbweK g~jeva
6. msK / Dxcbv
K. AvZmsK
L. Kgvxcbv
M. msMvgkxjZv
K. MvgxY Rxeb
L. bMi Rxeb
M. cvwK/wbeMi Rxeb
N. wecb Rxeb
8. cwiek
K. Rxecwiek
L. Rjevqy
M. RxeewP
9. gvbyli mgghv`v
K. wekkvw
L. wekKjvY
M. wekvZZ
N. ewkK PZbv
O. awix iv
K. ZvMx/gbxlx/mgvRmex
K. ei cwZ ggZv
we.`. wkvgi wkLbdji Pvwn`v Abyhvqx bZzb fvee / welqei wfwZ iwPZ KweZv msKjb Kiv hZ cvi|
M.
evsjv mncvV
GKv`k-v`k kwYi wkv_x`i mRbkxj mvwnZi wewfb ickwYi m cwiwPZ Kiv, Zv`i fvlvm`
ew, mvwnZ cvV AvMn mw I mRbkxj jLvq Drmvnx Ki Zvjvi j AvewkK evsjv welqi AMZ
mncvV eBqi c_gvsk GKwU Dcbvm I wZxqvsk GKwU bvUK _vKe|
Dcbvm
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
evsjv`ki RxebwP cwZdwjZ nqQ Ggb GKwU DjLhvM evsjv Dcbvm (ev Zvi mswcZ
ic) wbevPb KiZ ne|
DcbvmwU 60 nvRvi ki AwaK ne bv Ges eBwU 12 cqU KwDUvi UvBc gyw`Z Aevq
AbwaK 144 cvi ga ne|
DcbvmwUi GKwU f~wgKv-Ask _vKe| f~wgKv-Ask mnR I mvejxj fvlvq wbwjwLZ welqjv
_vKe :
K. wbevwPZ Dcbvm I JcbvwmKi msw cwiwPwZ ;
L. Dcbvm wPwZ mgvR I Pwi mK AvjvPbv ;
M. Dcbvm weaZ Rxebeva ;
N. DcbvmwUi mvgwMK g~jvqb;
DcbvmwU kwY-DchvMx Ki mvw`Z ne| g~j fvlvixwZ wVK iL DcbvmwUK msc Kiv
Pje|
DcbvmwUi cwiwk-Ask KwVb I wewk A_evaK ki evLv I UxKv-wUbx _vKe|
DcbvmwUi f~wgKv-Ask 24 cv Ges kv_ I UxKv-wUbx Ask 12 cvi AwaK ne bv|
bvUK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
mncvV MwUi wZxqvsk GKv ev wZb Ai c~Yv GKwU DjLhvM bvUK (ev Zvi mswcZ
ic) wbevPb KiZ ne|
evsjv`ki RxebwP, mvgvwRK ev HwZnvwmK Kvwnwb, jvKKvwnwb, RxebPwiZ BZvw` Aej^b
bvUKwU iwPZ nZ cvi|
bvUKwU AekB gwjK bvUK ne| Dcbvm ev QvUMi bvUic wKsev icvi G weewPZ
ne bv|
bvUKwUZ GKwU f~wgKv _vKe| f~wgKv-Ask mnR I mvejxj fvlvq wjwLZ ne| f~wgKv-Ask
wbwjwLZ welqMyjv _vKe :
K. wbevwPZ bvUK I bvUKvii cwiwPwZ ;
L. bvUKi welq I Pwi mK msw AvjvKcvZ ;
M. bvUKwUi mvgwMK g~jvqb ;
bvUKwU GKv`k-v`k kwYi wkv_xi DchvMx Ki mvw`Z ne|
g~j bvUKwU 80 cvi ewk ne bv| kmsLv ne AbwaK 30 nvRvi, f~wgKv-Ask 16 cv Ges
kv_, UxKv-wUbx 12 cvq mxgve _vKe|
N.
evsjv fvlv
kMVbi Dcvq
DcmM, cZq, mw, mgvm, mwi f~wgKvmn kwZ
c (cyil ev cvimb)
evsjv kfvvi I evsjv ki Drm
(O)
evKZ
evKi aviYv I msv_
Dk I weaq
Dk I weaq Ges G`i mmviY
evKi kwYwefvM
MVbMZ : mij, hwMK, RwUj
A_MZ : weewZ evK (^xKwZ evK I A^xKwZ evK), ck evK, Abyv evK, AveM evK
c`g
Dw (cZ Dw I civ Dw)
hwZwP
(P)
evM_Z
A_ cwieZb
A_i kwYwefvM
A_ cmvi, A_ msKvP, A_ e`j
ebv_
Awfav (mij A_)
ebv (wZhK A_)
evsjv fvlvi AccqvM I cqvM
O.
wbwgwZ
GKv`k-v`k kwYi wkvg ewYZ wkLbdj Abyhvqx wbwgwZ-Ask cYxZ ne| GZ wbwjwLZ welqjv
Afy KiZ ne :
K.
wewkv_K k : mgv_K k, wfbv_K k, mgvPvwiZ I cvq-mgvPvwiZ k, wecixZv_K
k
L.
evK msKvPb
M.
evM&aviv
N.
cev`-cePb
O.
cwifvlv
P.
Abyev`
Q.
AbyQ` iPbv
R.
w`bwjwc wjLb
S.
AwfZv eYb
T.
fvlY wjLb
U.
V.
W.
X.
Y.
Z.
_.
`.
a.
cwZe`b wjLb
e`ywZb wPwV (B-gBj) I y` evZv wjLb
c, Ave`bc (Rxebevmn), gvbc wjLb
mvivsk, mvigg I mvimsc wjLb
fvemmviY
msjvc wjLb
y` M wjLb
ce-wbe wjLb
cd mskvab wb`wkKv
b^i eUb
1g c 100 b^i|
mRbkxj ck- 60
e wbevPbx ck- 40
10 b^i
5 b^i
5 b^i
gvU = 25 b^vi