Earthquake Guided Notes page494

What is stress? What is strain? How to they compare and

contrast? (make a Venn diagram)
Stress- forces per unit area acting on a material
Strain- deformation of materials in response to stress
Stress Alike Strain
Forms when stress exceeds
strength of rocks involved
3 types that act on rocks:
compression, tension, and
shear
Forms in response to stress
and starts deformation of
materials

What are the 3 different types of faults? Describe each.
Reverse Fault- Fractures that form as a result of horizontal compression
Normal Faults- Fractures caused by horizontal tension
Strike-slip Faults- Fractures caused by horizontal shear
Type of waves Materials &
Description
Sketch Movement
Primary
P-waves
Squeeze and pull
rocks in the same
direction along
which the waves are
traveling


Back and forth
Secondary
S-waves
Cause rocks to move
at right angles in
relation to the
direction of the
waves


Right angles
Surface

They move in two
directions as they
pass through rock

Both up and down
and side to side

How do the focus and the epicenter of earthquakes compare and
contrast?
The focus is the point below the Earths surface in which the earthquake originates. The
epicenter is the point directly above the focus, on Earths surface.
Earthquake Guided Notes page494


The greater the distance between P and S waves on a
seismograph the (longer or shorter) distance away from the
epicenter.
Longer

What is the name of the scale used to measure the energy
released during an earthquake? What is the range of the scale?
Seismometers measure earthquakes in seismic waves.
What is the name of the scale used to measure the intensity
(damage done) during and earthquake? What is the range of the
scale?
The Richter scale measures in a scale of 1-10
Describe the damage caused by earthquakes for a level 1, 5, and
10
Level one earthquakes cant normally be felt, level five earthquakes are noticeable by all
and some dishes and plaster break, and level ten earthquakes causes most ordinary
structures to fall, rails get bent, and landslides are common.