Title:SavingtheHoneyBee Source/author:ByDianaCoxFosterandDennisvanEngelsdorp

DueDate:10/22/14 Name:AphichatTonjai

A:NOTES
DaveHackenbergtruckshisbeehivesfromfieldtofieldtopollinatecrops.
SuccessfulInamonthmanyoftheworkersbeearedied.
onlytheyoungworkersandthequeenremainedandseemedhealthy.
nameditcolonycollapsedisorder,orCCD
Hackenbergcoloniesstoppeddyingthefollowingspring800/3000lived
U.Sbeekeeperreportmorethan30%lost.=Reportalsosurfaceinternationally
worldsagriculturalproductiondependontheEuropeanHoneyBeeduetoadaptation
ofbeesifthereflowers
varroamitesSuspect45percentdropinthenumberofmanagedbeecolonies
worldwidebetween1987(whentheywerefirstintroducedintheU.S.)and2006
Turnoutthebeeswereallsick,buteachcolonyseemedtosufferfromadifferent
combinationofdiseasesCompromiseofbeesimmunesystem
ManytheoriesManyareimplausibleandsomemakesense
pesticidesandnutritioninvestigation
MANYfoodrelyonbees
healthycoloniessometimeshavehigherlevelsofsomechemicalsthancolonies
sufferingfromCCD.
chemicalormixtureofchemicalsnotevidentatthetimewecollected
samples.POSSIBILITY
Tobeesandotherpollinators,greenlawnslooklikedeserts.
Experiment=hivesfilledwithbees(notpreviouslyexpose)intogreenhousesandfedthe
insectssugarywaterladenwithIAPVMimicCCDsymptom
IAPValonecannotcausethediseaseorthatsomebeesarepredisposedtobe
IAPVresistant
Cure(vaccine)wouldnotworkduetothebeesystem
PlanforRNAinterferenceBlockVirus
Alongertermsolutionwillbetoidentifyandbreedvirusresistanthoneybees.Takea
longtimeandbeekeepercanbeoutofbusiness
Manybeekeepershavehadsomesuccessatpreventingcolonylossimprove
hygiene,dietandkeepparasiteincheck
sterilizingoldbeehiveframeswithgammaraysbeforereusinglowerchancesofCCD
simplechangesinagriculturalpracticessuchasbreakingupmonocultureswith
hedgerowscanhelp

BSUMMARY
Thearticleillustratecolonycollapsedisorder(CCD)andthepossiblecausesofit.Forexample,
pesticidesandnutrients(orlackof)isapossibilityforCCDalongwithparasitesuchasvarroa
andnosemaaretoblame.Livingstyleofhumanslikehavingagreenlawnwouldappearasa
deserttobeesandotherpollinator.Measurearebeingmadetopreservethebeessinceit
responsibleformanyofthefoodeatenincludingmilk,honey,andevenfruits.Aexperiment
involvinghivesfilledwithbees(notpreviouslyexpose)intogreenhousesandfedtheinsects
sugarywaterladenwithIAPVandresultinCCDsymptomforthebeehive.

VaccineforCCDcantbemadebecausethebeeswouldntproducewhatneeded.Idealsfor
RNAinterferenceandbleedingCCDresistancebeesarebeingconsidered.Manybeekeepers
havehadsomesuccessatpreventingcolonylossimprovehygiene,dietandkeepparasitein
check.Alongwithsterilizingoldbeehiveframeswithgammaraysbeforereusinglowerchances
ofCCD.Plus,simplechangesinagriculturalpracticessuchasbreakingupmonocultureswith
hedgerowscanhelppreservethebalancebetweenflowerandpollinator.

CPersonalOpinion
Inmypersonalopinion,thedyingoutofthebeesmaybeduetotoxinoranaturaldiseasethat
affectsharesimilaritytootherspecies.Forexample,alongtimeagointheNorthAmerica
continent,theirusetobehorsesuntilamysteriousdiseasewhipthemallout.Ibelievepeople
canpreventand/orcontainthecomplicationlikediseaseandinvasivespecies.Especially,ifthe
speciesisextremelyvitaltomanyofthefoodandthepollinationofflowers.