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Formule Matematice Cls. V-VIII PDF
Formule Matematice Cls. V-VIII PDF
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FORMULE DE CALCUL PRESCURTAT
(a+b)
2
=a
2
+2ab+b
2
; (a-b)
2
=a
2
-2ab+b
2
; a
2
-b
2
=(a+b)(a-b) ; (a+b+c)
2
=a
2
+b
2
+c
2
+2ab+2ac+2bc ;
(a+b)
3
=a
3
+3a
2
b+3ab
2
+b
3
; (a-b)
3
=a
3
-3a
2
b+3ab
2
-b
3
;
a
3
+b
3
=(a+b)(a
2
-ab+b
2
) ; a
3
-b
3
=(a-b)(a
2
+ab+b
2
) ;
PROPRIETATILE PUTERILOR
a
n
a
m
=a
n+m
; a
n
:a
m
=a
n -m
; (a
n
)
m
=a
nm
; (ab)
n
=a
n
b
n
; (a:b)
n
=a
n
:b
n
; a
0
=1 ; 0
n
=0 ; 1
n
=1
PROPRIETATILE RADICALILOR
b a b a = ; b / a b / a = ; x x
2
= ; ( ) y y
2
= ; a0 ; b0 ; y0 ; exemple:
2 3 2 9 2 9 18 = = = ; 75 3 25 3 25 3 5 = = = ; ( ) 3 3 3
2
= = ;
( ) 6 6
2
= .
MODULUL
Definitie : |X|=X daca X0 si |X|= -X daca X0 ;
Proprietati : |X|0 ; |ab|=|a||b| ; |a+b||a|+|b| ;
Exemple : |-5|= -(-5)=5 ; |7|=7 ; |-2|= -(-2)=2 ; |+4|=4 ;
FUNCTIA LINIARA f :RR , f(x)=ax+b
P(x,y)G
f
daca si numai daca f(x)=y ;
A(x,y)G
f
ox daca f(x)=y si y=0 ;
B(x,y)G
f
oy daca f(x)=y si x=0 ;
Daca f si g sunt doua functii atunci Q(x,y) G
f
G
g
daca f(x)=g(x)=y ;
A(-b/a , 0) si B(0 , b)
MULTIMI DE NUMERE
Multimea numerelor naturale notata cu N : 0,1,2,3,4,
Multimea numerelor intregi notata cu Z : - ,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,+
Multimea numerelor rationale notata cu Q: exemple -3/4 ;5/2 ;-12/4 ;0,23 ;-5,(24) ;4,20(576) ;
Multimea numerelor reale notata cu R ; exemple : -3/4 ;5/2 ;-1/4 ; 6 ; 5 7 ; -5,(24) ;
4,20(576) ; 0,202002000200 ;-5,2323323332333323 ;
Avem urmatoarele relatii de incluziune intre aceste multimi : NZQR.
FIGURI PLANE REMARCABILE
A
ABC
=
2
A sin AC AB
2
AD BC
=
A
ABCD
=
( )
2
BE CD AB +
A
ABCD
=
CDAE
P
ABC=
AB+BC+CA P
ABCD=
AB+BC+CD+DA P
ABCD=
2(AB+BC)
A
ABCD
=
ABBC A
ABCD
=
2
BD AC
AC
2
=AB
2
+BC
2
P
ABCD
= 2(AB+BC) P
ABCD
= 4AB
poligoane regulate : l=latura poligonului ; a=apotema poligonului ; A=aria ; P=perimetrul ;
P=3l P=4l P=6l
6
3 l
a ;
4
3 l
A
2
= =
2
l
a ; l A
2
= =
2
3 l
a ;
2
3 l 3
A
2
= =
l=R 3 l=R 2 l=R
2
R 3
2
3 l
h = = d=l 2 =2R
TRIUNGHIUL DREPTUNGHIC
Teorema catetei: b
2
=an ; c
2
=am
Teorema inaltimii: h
2
=mn ;
a
c b
h
=
Teorema lui Pitagora: a
2
=b
2
+c
2
; c
2
=h
2
+m
2
si b
2
=h
2
+n
2
Aria tr. dreptunghic:
2
h a
2
c b
A
=
=
FUNCTII TRIGONOMETRICE
functia 30 60 45 functia 30 60 45
sin
2
1
2
3
2
2
tg
3
3
3 1
cos
2
1
2
2
ctg 3
3
3
1
2
3
sin x=
AC
AB
. i
. o . c
= cos x=
AC
BC
. i
. a . c
= tg x=
BC
AB
. a . c
. o . c
= ctg x=
AB
BC
. o . c
. a . c
=
TRIUNGHIURI ASEMENEA ,TEOREMA LUI THALES
rezulta:
NP
BC
MP
AC
MN
AB
= = rezulta:
AN
AC
AM
AB
=
CERCUL
Daca m atunci :
o
x AOB =
L
c
= ; L
AB
= R 2
o
o
180
Rx
A
c
= ; A
OAB
=
2
R
o
o 2
360
x R
FORMULE - CORPURI GEOMETRICE
I. POLIEDRE
CUBUL
PARALELIPIPEDUL DREPTUNGHIC
2
4
l
A l = ;
2
6
t
A l = ;
3
V l =
2;
f
d l = 3 d l =
( )
2
t
A L l L h l h = + + ; V L l h =
2 2
d L l h
2
= + +
PRISMA REGULAT
TRIUNGHIULAR
PATRULATER
HEXAGONAL
l b
A P h = 2
t l b
A A A = +
b
V A h =
PIRAMIDA REGULAT
TRIUNGHIULAR
PATRULATER
HEXAGONAL
2
b p
l
P a
A
=
t l b
A A A = +
3
b
A h
V
=
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TRUNCHIUL DE PIRAMID REGULAT
TRIUNGHIULAR
PATRULATER
HEXAGONAL
( )
2
B b
l
P P a
A
+
=
t
b
t l B
A A A A = + +
( )
3
t
B b B
h
V A A A
b
A = + +
II. CORPURI ROTUNDE
CILINDRUL
CONUL
2
l
A RG =
( )
2
t
A R G R = +
2
V R H =
l
A RG =
( )
t
A R G R = +
2
3
R H
V
=
TRUNCHIUL DE CON
SFERA
( )
l t
A G R r = +
( )
2 2
t t
A G R r R r = + + +
( )
2 2
3
t
H
V R r Rr
= + +
2
4 A R =
3
4
3
R
V
=
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