Attempt any FOUR questions

Q. 1 a) What is pn junction? Describe construction and working of half wave and full wave
rectifier.
b) What are the biasing conditions for a transistor for its normal operation?
c) Write down truth table of OR and NAND gates.
Q. 2 a) What is Comptons effect. Calculate the shift in wavelength.
b) What is an Eigen value equation? Give example.
c) X-ray of wavelength are scattered from a carbon target. The scattered radiation
being viewed at to the incident beam. What is the Comptons shift?
Q.3 a) What is de-Broglie hypothesis of particle wave? Describe in detail the experimental
verification of Davisson and Germer.
b) If and electron and proton have the same de-Broglie wavelength, which particle has
greater speed?
c) What is the de-Broglie wavelength of an electron whose kinetic energy is ?
Q. 4 a) What are Blackbody radiations? Describe the attempts made by different scientists to
explain the blackbody radiation spectrum.
b) How would you distinguish between conductors, insulators and semiconductors on the
basis of energy bands?
Q. 5 a) Describe the Frank Hertz experiment to confirm the energy levels of electrons.
b) Write down some uses of X-rays.
c) The wavelength of

rays from copper is

. What is the energy

different between the two levels from which this transition results?
Q .6 a) Explain mass defect and binding energy curves.
b) Define isotopes and give examples.
c) Calculate the mass defect and binding energy of deuteron. Mass of deuteron is
, mass of proton is and mass of neutron is .
Q. 7 a) Discuss laws of radioactive decay and find relation for half-life.
b) What is meant by value of a nuclear reaction?
c) What is nuclear fission? Explain fission chain reaction.