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SISTEM TALIAN TELEFON

Di setiapbandar/kawasanharuslahmempunyai ibusawat
(main exchange) telefon.
Tujuanibusawat:-
a) Memberikantaliankpdpengguna
b) Membekalkankuasakpdtelefonsupayaberfungsi
c) Menyambungkantalianpenggunakpdpenggunalain
samadadi dalamataudi luar negara
TELEFON
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CARA PEMASANGAN TELEFON
Cara pemasangantelefonkpdpengguna bmuladrpdibusawat
adalahmelalui 2 cara:-
a) Bangunandomestik(kediaman)
b) Bangunantinggi (multi-storey bldg)
Pemasangantelefonpadabgnntelahdikategorikankpd3
cara:-
a) Kategori 1: >dari 5 tingkat & keluasanlantai >650.30m2
b) Kategori 2: <daripadakategori 1 (2-5 tgkt)
c) Kategori 3: rumahteresutkkediamantermasukbanglow
TELEFON
CARA PEMASANGAN TELEFON
Cara pemasangantelefondari ibusawat kerumah2 melibatkan4
komponenutamaiaitu: -
a) Ibusawat
b) Kabinet
c) Peti agihan(SDF)
d) Premises/rumah
Keempat2 komponenini mempunyai pertaliandi antarasatusama
lain. Bermuladari ibusawat kekabinet & seterusnyakepeti agihan
& destinasi ygterakhir sekali adalahrumah.
Cara pemasangantelefondari ibusawat kepelangganmelibatkan
sistemberikut:-
a) Bangunandomestik
b) Bangnantinggi (multi-storey bldg)
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1. IBU SAWAT (MAIN EXCHANGE)
Daripadaibusawat talianakandiagihkankepadakabinet.
Di dalamibusawat, terdapat jujunganagihanbesar / Main
Distribution Frame (MDF)
Kabel utamadipasangdi bawahtanahmelalui manhole2 yg
diaturkandgnjarakmaksimum180m di antarasatusamalain
menujukekabinet.
2. KABINET (PETI AGIHAN UTAMA MDP)
Didirikandi atastanah& biasanyaterdapat di tepi2 jalanraya
Asas- konkrit
- selebihnyabesi tuang
BANGUNAN DOMESTIK
2. KABINET (PETI AGIHAN UTAMA MDP)
Di dalamnyaterdapat banyakelemen2 pentingbagi tujuan
penyambungantelefon.
Terdapat 10 pasangkabel di dlmkotaknya.
Utksebuahrumah, dipasang2 line & 10 pasangkabel adalah
digunautk8 buahrumah. 2 pasanglagi adalahdiperuntukkan
jikaberlakukerosakan.
Dalamkabinet adasisi ibusawat (SI) & sisi agihan(SA) &
disusunberselang2.
Ianyautkmengelakkandaripadaterjadi cross stop @ line
Bolehdibuka& ditutuputkkerja2 pengendalian.
SI menerimaline dari ibusawat , disambungpd SA
menggunakanjumper. SA menerimamaklumat daripadaSI &
diagihkankepeti agihan(DP) @ SDF.
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3. TESTING POINT
Merupakan ujian terhadap kabel2 bg memastikan ianya
berfungsi atau tidak.
Juruuji perlu menghubungi MDF di ibusawat. Ia merupakan
Pusat Ujian (Testing Point) di mana ujian dibuat dengan
mengunakan meter.
Jika berfungsi dgn baik, haruslah penyambungan terus dibuat
ke peti agihan (DP).
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4. PETI AGIHAN (SDF SUBCRIBER DISTRIBUTION POINT)
Selepas itu, kabinet akan disambungkan ke peti agihan (SDF)
melalui tiang2 dgn menggunakan kabel agihan (SA).
Jarak maksimum antara tiang2 ialah 35m.
1 tiang 5 buah rumah.
Sebelum pemasangan dibuat di rumah2, juruuji perlu
membuka peti agihan untuk memastikan samada
pemasangan dibuat dengan betul.
Sambungan dari peti agihan ke rumah akan disambungkan
terus jika sambungan adalah pendek. Tetapi jika panjang,
ianya memerlukan tiang utk menyokong.
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CARA-CARA PEMASANGAN TELEFON KE BANGUNAN
DOMESTIK
(MDF)
IBU SAWAT
SI SA
TELEPHONE
KABINET
MANHOLE
180m TIANG
MAX. 35m
KABEL AGIHAN
TESTING
POINT
KABEL UTAMA
DROP
WIRE
PREMISE
(SDF)
PETI
AGIHAN
DISTRIBUTION
POINT
SI Sisi Ibu sawat
SA Sisi agihan
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Kabel Agihan
Terdapat 2 cara agihan kabel telefon ke dlm rumah:-
a) Melalui dlm tanah
b) Melalui rentang/gantung
Telefon
Kabel
SDF
Telefon
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Pemasangan dari ibu sawat sehingga ke kabinet adalah sama
dgn bangunan domestik.
Bagi bangunan tinggi, terdpt SDF & PABX (Private Automatic
Branch Exchange).
Pengagihan & pemasangan di dlm bangunan tinggi adalah
melalui 5 peringkat:-
a) Underground access cable (from last cabinet to SDF
room)
b) Cable from SDF room to switchboard, PABX & operator
c) Cable riser routed to distribution box at each floor
d) Horizontal running cable to telephone user
e) Earthing
BANGUNAN TINGGI
Sub Scriber
Distribution
frame
SI SA
Ibu Sawat
Kabinet
SDF
Multi Storey Building
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CARA-CARA PEMASANGAN TELEFON KE BANGUNAN
TINGGI
Ground
Floor
1 st
2 nd
3rd
Incoming cable
SDF
Vertical
riser
Distribution
board
Earth electrode
system
Concealed
ducting
PABX
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3
2 1
5
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CARA-CARA PEMASANGAN TELEFON KE BANGUNAN
TINGGI
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1. Underground Access Cable
Diperbuat drpd PVC berdiameter 100mm & 275mm tebal
Pipe adalah dilindungi dgn sheathed konkrit & duct di seal
pada sambungan.
2. SDF Room
Fungsi menerima & mengagihkan in coming line.
Rekabentuk & Ciri2:-
a) Access duct & cable dibina secara selari di sepanjang
dinding di dlm bilik SDF utk elak dari adanya bend.
b) Ianya bebas drpd flood hazard dgn menambah konkrit
setinggi 150mm.
c) Diletakkan di bhgn grd floor @ 1
st
floor.
PEMASANGAN
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2. SDF Room (contd)
d) Dinding mestilah kuat & diperbuat drpd konkrit
terutamanya pd tempat kelengkapan SDF diletakkan.
e) Pencahayaan dlm SDF mestilah diluluskan.
f) Pencegahan api & fire alarm mesti disediakan .
g) Tidak boleh ada duct service menembusi @ melalui SDF
room.
3. PABX (Private Automatic Branch Exchange)
Slps cable melalui SDF room, direct line akan disambung
kpd final user. Utk telefon yg mempunyai byk extension
ianya akan disambung dgn mesin/alat PABX.
Extension yg <drpd 300 tdk memerlukan PABX room tetapi
yg >300 memerlukan separate PABX room.
PEMASANGAN
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4. Battery Room
Bilik di mana peralatan PABX diletakkan.
Saiz minimum adalah 3 x 1.8 x 3m tinggi bagi peralatan
PABX yang bersaiz sederhana.
Dikelilingi oleh ceramic tile setinggi 1.5m tinggi.
5. Operator Room
Diperlukan apabila >dari seorang operator.
Diletakkan 50m dari jarak PABX room.
PEMASANGAN
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6. Vertical Riser
Size :
( 4-10 storey high) 900mm x 450mm
(>10 storey) 1200mm x 450mm
Lokasinya di mana pemasangan & penyelenggaraan
mudah bagi acess line.
Kalis api (Fire resistance).
PEMASANGAN
ARRANGEMENT OF TELEPHONE
M.E
High rise building
(1 Acres)
Joining
chamber
SDF room
DP
DP
Commercial area 2-5 storey high
(3 Acres)
Telephone
cabinet
Underground cable
(30 50 Acres)
Residential
area
To other
Branch
exchange
To other
main exchange
DP
DP
DP
DP
Branch
exchange
Central / main
exchange
Telephone
cabinet
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PABX
(Private Automatic Branch Exchange)
Function
To switch calls within the building or between the outside
telephone network.
It is designed to handle lines especially in big building
such as the Category 1 building.
It is also design so that a small initial system can grow
into a large system with minimal labour and cost.
Location
The PABX should be place in a well ventilated, clean and
cool (air-conditioned) room to ensure the electronics
equipment are protected from dust and heat that can
ruin it.
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PABX
(Private Automatic Branch Exchange)
Features / Facilities
1. Direct any incoming call to an operator, who will then
direct the call to the required telephone.
2. Internal calls are free internal savings.
3. Follow me system Temporary change when the
recipient is not in the room to another extension so that
other people can pick up the call.
4. Transfer call system Divert the call to another
number/extension set by the recipients when the
required telephone do not answer. Features 3 & 4 gives
more freedom for the recipients to continue with works
instead of waiting for the call
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PABX
(Private Automatic Branch Exchange)
Features / Facilities
5. Pick-up call system Can take another persons call
without features no. 3 or 4..
6. Conference call system Communication for more than
two person simultaneously. Very useful for businesses.
7. Wake Up Call system Service for the telephone to ring
at certain/required time especially as an alarm to wake
people up.
8. Voice mailing system Callers can left their messages to
the recipients.
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PABX
(Private Automatic Branch Exchange)
Features / Facilities
9. Call waiting system
If theres an incoming call while the required line
is being used, it will hold the present call to check
on the incoming call.
To hold a call by playing song on the background.
10. Night service call system Instead of the call connected
to the required phone, it will directly transferred to the
night guard to answer the call. This is because, it is likely
that the recipients are not at his room during night hours.
Very beneficial for offices.
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PABX
(Private Automatic Branch Exchange)
Advantages
Provide easy communication within the premise.
Cheaper because savings in internal calls within the
premise.
have many features and facilities which is very beneficial
for the users.
Avoid missing calls with features such as transfer call
and follow-me systems.
Very useful for big buildings with multiple group user.
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PABX
(Private Automatic Branch Exchange)
Disadvantages
Not economical for small users.
Need an operator There is chances of wrong transfer .
Will increase the initial cost for the installation of the
PABX system and the construction equipment such as air-
conditioning for the room.
Increase the maintenance cost for the maintenance of
the PABX room and recurring costs for hiring the operator
and electricity bills.
UNDERFLOOR TELEPHONE CABLE DUCTING LAYOUT
1. Grid System
Suitable for open plan office & shopping complex
Malaysian grid is 3.6m x 3.6m
British grid 3.0m x 3.0m
The cable is located underfloor through trunking
Flexible system: easy to make any interior layout for the cabinets
Junction box
Grid System
Telephone riser ducting
Underfloor
ducting
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2. Branching Layout
Suitable where there is a fix partition
E.g: Office rooms, individual shop lots in shopping complex etc.
More economical because the cable can be taken directly to telephone
unit without any diversion
UNDERFLOOR TELEPHONE CABLE DUCTING LAYOUT
Wall
outlet
Underfloor ducting
Junction
Branching Layout
Telephone riser ducting
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3. Perimeter Layout
An alternative to the branching layout
Normally located at the internal perimeter of floor skirting
Normally use as combination with the grid layout
The system is easy to maintain (Terancang)
Normally use for office building in circular shape
UNDERFLOOR TELEPHONE CABLE DUCTING LAYOUT (contd)
Telephone riser ducting
Underfloor duct
Junction
Perimeter Layout
v
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