2 2

y x y i x z + +
( ) ) ( sin ) cos(

i
i
e +
) ( sin ) cos( ] ) ( sin ) [cos( n i n
n
i + +
2
)
1 2
(
2
)
1 2
( x x y y d +
)
1
(
1
x x m y y

2 2
) (
2
) ( r k y h x +
______________________________________________
Prisms: Volume = (Base) Height
Surface = 2(base area) + (Perimeter of base)height
Cylinder: V = r
2
h, S = 2 r h + 2 r
2
Cones: V= 1/3 r
2
h , S = r
2
+ r s
Sphere
:
V = 4/3 r
3
, S = 4 r
2
Pyramid: V = 1/3 (base area) height
( )
a
b
b
a
a
b
a
x
b
x
x
a
x
a
x
a
x
a
x n
n
x
y x
y
x
y x xy
log
1
log
log
log
log
log
log
log log
log log ) log(
log log ) log(






+
y x y x y x
y x y x y x
x
x
x
x
x x x
x x x
x x
x
sin cos cos sin ) sin(
sin sin cos cos ) cos(
2
) 2 cos( 1
2
sin
2
) 2 cos( 1
2
cos
2
sin
2
cos ) 2 cos(
cos sin 2 ) 2 sin(
2
sec
2
tan 1
1
2
sin
2
cos
t t
t

+



+
+

0 ln
1
0
lim
1 lim
>

,
_

,
_

a a
x
x
a
x
mk
e
mx
x
k
x
If ) ( ) ( ) ( x g x f x h
and L x f
a x
then L x g x h
a x

) ( lim ) ( ) ( lim
) (
) (
1
)
0
( )
0
( )
0
( ) (
xn f
n
x f
n
x
n
x
x f x x x f x L

+
h
a f h a f
h
a f
h
x f h x f
h
x f
) ( ) (
0
lim ) (
) ( ) (
0
lim ) (
+

( ) ) ( )). ( ( )) ( (
,
2
. .
. . ) . (
x g x g f x g f
g
g f f g
g
f
g f g f g f

,
_

,
_

,
_

) (
1
1
) (
1
a f f
a f ,
( ) ) (
1
)) ( ( ) ( x f
n
x f n
n
x f
dx
d

2
2
) 1 (
1
3
,
6
) 1 2 )( 1 (
1
2
,
2
) 1 (
1
1
1
]
1

+ +

n n
n
i
i
n n n
n
i
i
n n
n
i
i
kn
n
i
k

n
i
x
i
x f
n
dx
b
a
x f
1
) ( lim ) ( ,
) ( )). ( (
) (
) ( x g x g f
x g
a
dt t f
dx
d

If f is continuous on [a,b] and F(x) is its anti-

derivative then ) ( ) ( ) ( a F b F dx
b
a
x f

du v v u dv u
C f dx
f
f
+

ln
Area j [ j [


d
c
dy left Right or
b
a
dx bottom top A
Volume=

1
]
1

b
a
b
a
dx x f x or dx r R V )) ( ( 2
2 2

Arc Length j [ dx
b
a
x f

+
2
) ( 1
Surface Area j [ dx
b
a
x f x f

+
2
) ( 1 ) ( 2
Ratio Test:
n
C
n
C
n
1
lim
+

+ + +

+

+ +
!
) (
) (
! 3
) (
3
) (
! 2
) (
2
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
n
a
n
f
n
a x
a f
a x
a f
a x a f a x a f x f