Name Date

Unit 4 - Energy Test Review

1







A student prepared two beakers with identical sprigs of an
aquarium plant, elodea. She placed one beaker in the
shade and the other beaker beside a fluorescent lamp.
She counted the bubbles given off by each sprig of the
plant. Which plant produced more bubbles?






According to the experiment above, which
change in this experiment is most likely to
increase the volume of gas that accumulates
in the top of the tube?

By what process is CO
2
removed from the atmosphere?





What role do photosynthesis and respiration play in the carbon cycle?








If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plants environment, what would you expect
to happen to the plants production of high-energy sugars?




Leaf cells have more chloroplasts than cells in other parts of the plant. Why?




Why do ecosystems rarely contain more than a few trophic levels?




Figure 2

Is figure 2 a food chain or a food web? Explain.

Draw an energy pyramid for these relationships shown in figure 2.

How is energy moved through
this pyramid? What do the
different levels have in
common?















What would happen to this ecosystem if all of the algae were removed?








You are studying an ecosystem that contains the food web pictured below. There is a
sudden outbreak in a disease among frogs, killing many of the frogs. Which of the
following would most likely occur first, given the relationships above?



Is this a food web or a
food chain? Explain.










Explain how a mammal obtains, transports and releases matter and energy.





Would you receive more energy from corn by eating it directly or by eating the same mass of beef
from a cow that had been fed on corn? Explain your reasoning.






Create a flow chart of how energy flows through life starting at the biosphere and finally in the cell
of an organism of your choice.






What are three main biological molecules that give energy to cells? Explain the structure, function
and examples of these three molecules.











Photosynthesis
Glucose is another name for sugar. The molecular formula for glucose in C
6
H
12
O
6
. Plants make sugar by using the
energy from sunlight to transform CO
2
from the air with water from the ground into glucose. This process, called
photosynthesis, occurs in the chloroplast of the plant cell. During this process, oxygen (O
2
) is created as a waste
product and is released into the air for us to breathe. The formula for photosynthesis is:

CO
2
+ H
2
O + sunlight ---- C
6
H
12
O
6
+ O
2


This formula says that carbon dioxide and water molecules are combined with the energy from sunlight to produce
sugar and oxygen. The reactants in photosynthesis (what is used) are CO
2
, water and sun. The plant gets water
from the ground through its roots. The plant collects carbon dioxide from the air. Much of the carbon dioxide
comes from living organisms that exhale it, but some also comes from factory smokestacks and car fumes.
1. What is the formula for photosynthesis?

2. What three things are used to make glucose in photosynthesis?
11. What are some sources of CO
2
?
12. What type of energy does the plant use to convert CO2 and H2O into sugar?
The products (what is made) are glucose and oxygen. The glucose produced is used by the plant for energy and
growth. We also use this glucose by eating plants. The oxygen produced is released into the air for us to breathe.
Photosynthesis is essential for all life on earth, because it provides food and oxygen.
13. What is produced in photosynthesis?
14. What is the glucose used for?
15. What is the oxygen used for?

Cellular Respiration

Respiration is the cellular process in which glucose breaks down into water and carbon dioxide and releases
energy.

Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + water + Energy (ATP)

C
6
H
12
O
6 +
6O
2
6CO
2
+ 6H
2
O + Energy (ATP)

Respiration can occur without light because energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules. Respiration occurs in both

plant and animal cells in structures called mitochondria.

1. What is cellular respiration?
2. Where does cellular respiration occur?
3. What is the formula for cellular respiration?



4. What are the products of cellular respiration?