Matter

Big Ideas: Matter exists in

different physical states and has
observable properties

The Arrangement of particles

determines the state of matter
Ice, water, and water vapor are made of
the same molecules (2 hydrogen atoms
and 1 oxygen atom)
When H2O changes from one state to
another the molecules do not change BUT
the arrangement of the molecules change
This change in arrangement is what gives
each state of matter its own
characteristics

Particle Arrangement in a Solid

The particles in a solid are close together
They (molecules or atoms) are fixed in
place but can vibrate and twist
Example- Think about how you have to
stay in your seat or when the entire class
had to sit on the carpet in 1st grade.

Particle Arrangement in a Liquid

The particles are close together but are
farther apart than particles in a solid
They can slide freely past one another
Example-Think about how you are able to
move in our hallway between classes.
You have more room to move than when
you had to sit, but you are somewhat
limited

Particle Arrangement in a Gas

The particles in a gas are farther apart
than those in liquids or solids
Particles move freely in any direction
Example-Think about yourself walking
through the hallway at school before other
students are allowed in the building. There
is plenty of space for you to move around

Now lets take a look at

what this looks like!
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/index.html

Basics of Matter
Solids have their own shape and volume
Liquids have a specific volume but do not
have their own shape
Gases do NOT have their own shape or
volume

Movement of Gas Molecules

Gas molecules are always in motion and
move around freely
Changes in temperature, pressure and/ or
volume affects how the gas molecules
move
Check out these examples to learn more!

http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_sci_physical/page_build.cfm?id=non
e&u=1##

Physical properties describe a

substance
Physical properties are the characteristics
you would use to describe the object.
Take a moment and look at your table..
How would you describe your table?
You used your senses to describe the color,
size, texture, and shape of the table.
We could have also found its volume and
mass

Did these observations change the

table?
NO!! Of course it didnt!
When you described the table, you
identified the characteristics of the object
that you can observe without changing
the table
THESE ARE THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES!

Still not sure?

Just ask yourself whether observing the
property involves changing the substance.
Examples

Stretching a rubber band

Bouncing a ball
Cutting up carrots

Matter has observable properties

What do you think the difference is
between physical and chemical change?
Watch the following clips and make
observations
http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_sci_
physical/page_build.cfm?id=none&u=1##

Well? Now what do you think the

difference is between a physical
change and a chemical change?

A physical change is a change in its

physical properties
It may look different but it does not change
who or what it is.
Example- A sheep is sheared, the wool is
spun into yarn, and finally the yarn is dyed.
It is still wool!

Chemical properties describe how

substances form new substances
Chemical properties describe how
substances can form new substances
The change of one substance to another
substance is called chemical change
Examples

Wood burning
Silver tarnishes

Signs of a Chemical Change

If you observe 2 or more of the following
signs then you are most likely observing a
chemical change
PRODUCTION OF AN ODOR-some
chemical changes produce a NEW odor

Examples-rotten egg smells like sulfur

The smell in the air after a thunderstorm

Signs of a Chemical Change

continued!!
CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE-chemical changes
are often accompanied by a change in
temperature
CHANGE IN COLOR-a change in color OFTEN
indicates a chemical change.

Example-rotting fruit

FORMATION OF BUBBLES-When an antacid

makes contact with water it begins to bubble.
The formation of gas bubbles is another
indicator.
FORMATION OF A SOLID-when 2 liquids
combine and a solid called a precipitate can
form.

Time to Review

Get your clickers ready and lets see what you

remember

Solids have
A fixed mass
A fixed volume
A fixed shape
Number 2 and 3

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2.
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The arrangement of atoms and

molecules determines its state of
matter.
10

True
False

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A liquid has..
A fixed volume
and a fixed shape
No fixed volume
and a fixed shape
A fixed volume
and no fixed
shape
No fixed volume
and no fixed
shape

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2.
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Gas molecules are able to move

about freely.
True
False

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2.

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If observing a property doesnt

change the substance, what kind of
property is it?
Jefferson Property
Physical Property
Chemical Property

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Cutting paper is a chemical change.

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Yes
No

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An egg being cooked is a physical

change.
Yes
No

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Atoms are rearranged during a

chemical change.

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False

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Color, shape, size and texture are

Physical
properties
Chemical
properties
Physical changes
Chemical changes

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Dissolving sugar in water is an

example of a

10

Physical change
Chemical change
Change in state
Pressure change

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