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Floor cleaner is very much useful in cleaning floors in hospitals, houses, auditorium,
shops, computer centers etc; it is very simple in construction and easy to operate. Anybody can
operate this machine easily. It consist of moisture cotton brush, the brush cleans the floor and
dried with aid of small blower. Hence it is very useful in hospitals, houses, etc. The time taken
for cleaning is very less and the cost is also very less. Maintenance cost is less. Much type of
machines is widely used for this purpose. But they are working under different principles and
the cost is also very high.
Good well-maintained entrance matting can dramatically reduce the need for cleaning.
For public and office buildings about 80 to 90% of the dirt is tracked in from outside. Installing a
total of 15 feet of matting consisting of both indoor and outdoor sections will remove about 80%
of this. Thus about two-thirds of the dirt can be removed at the entrance
To prevent injuries due to tripping or slipping. Injuries due to slips and trips on level
floors are a major cause of accidental injury or death. Bad practice in floor cleaning is
itself a major cause of accidents.
To remove grit and sand which scratch and wear down the surface.
To prevent wear to the surface (e.g. by using a floor wax or protective sealant).
Wood flooring
Wood flooring should be treated completely differently depending on whether it waxed or
oiled, or whether it has a polyurethane coating. It is important to determine the type of finish of a
wood floor and always treat it the appropriate way, for instance it is difficult to clear wood floor
wax from a polyurethane floor. Simple cleaning instructions:
1. Clear the floor of any furnature that's easy to move.
2. Sweep or vacuum all loose dirt and debris.
3. Mop the floor, going along with the grain. If your floors are polyurethaned, dampen a
mop with water and a few drops of dishwashing liquid. Be sure to ring out the mop
thoroughly before using it on the floor. Run the mop back and forth, going with the grain
of the wood in smooth strokes. If your floors are lacquered or shellacked, dont use water,
which can stain the wood and cause buckling.
4. Buff the floor with a soft cloth to remove any soapy residue. Cloth diapers work well for
buffing, because theyre very soft and absorbent.
Tile and stone floors
Nowadays many modern kitchens, stairs, and bathrooms have tile flooring that can be
cleaned in three simple steps:
1. Dirt or dust should first be removed with a vacuum cleaner or a broom.
2. Have a floor cleaning solution or spray bottle for the appropriate floor. If you are
cleaning stone floors (marble, granite, travertine, etc.), make sure the cleaning agent
states that it is for stones. An acidic tile cleaning solution can be used on ceramic and
porcelain floors
3. After spraying the tile or stone floors in a small area, use a mop to clean and scrub floors.
can also provide periodic or project type cleaning functions as well. We will be covering
machines to clean carpeting and specialty cleaning machines in future articles.
clean
all
hard
floors
(resilient
and
non-resilient)
as
well
as
carpeting.
with
slightly
higher
RPM
are
on
the
market.
steps in one operation and further reduced the labor factor of cleaning floors. To our
understanding the very first automatic scrubber was first introduced 1905 by Finnell System, Inc.
Finnell is no longer in business but received many patents during its corporate life. These early
machines were nothing like todays automatic scrubbers. It was made with inch plate steel,
extremely heavy and was somewhat difficult to maneuver and operate mechanically.
Nevertheless, it evolutionized the floor cleaning industry from its first introductio
Todays machines are state of the art with computerized controls, advanced battery
technology, high grade lightweight plastics, etc. They are simple to use and still a labor saver.
This versatile machine could be used to clean all hard floors
Wet/Dry Vacuums Commercial & Residential:
While this simple and effective machine may not be classified as a cleaning floor
machine, it does provide increased efficiency for manual floor cleaning and Single Disc Floor
Machines. This equipment picks up cleaning solution from the floor. Speeding up the cleaning
operation. These units are normally electric plug powered but there are some available in
mechanical operation (no power source required Aztecs Guzzler) and battery power. These
units are also great to use in hard to reach and smaller areas being cleaned. This versatile
machine
could
be
used
to
clean
all
hard
floors
(resilient
and
non-resilient).
FLOOR SCRUBBER
Floor scrubber is a floor cleaning device. It can be simple tools such as floor mops and
floor brushes, or in a form of walk-behind or ride-on machines to clean larger floor areas by
injecting water with cleaning solution, scrubbing, and lifting the residuals off the floor. With the
advancement in robotics, autonomous floor-scrubbing robots are available as well.
Automatic floor scrubbers
Automatic floor scrubbers, also known as auto scrubbers, are a type of floor cleaning
machine that are used to scrub a floor clean of light debris, dust, oil, grease or floor marks. These
machines have either rotary(disk) or cylindrical scrubbing head and an automated system for
dispensing cleaning solution and then vacuuming it up. So, in one pass over the floor, a user can
dispense cleaning, scrub it into the floor, then vacuum it all up with an autoscrubber squeegee
attachment at the back of the machine. Auto scrubbers have a separate dispensing(solution tank)
tank and a collection(recovery tank) tank to keep your clean water from your dirty water and can
be categorized into one of two main types: walk behind or riding.
Floor Scrubbers are a more hygienic alternative to traditional cleaning methods such as a
mop and bucket. Environmentally safe soaps can be used in conjunction with a reduced water
system to save on both the amount of chemicals released into the environment as well as the
amount of gray water produced. Some floor scrubbers are even capable of cleaning without a
water and chemical system at all.
Most autoscrubbers can't reach edges, corners, clean under obstructions such as drinking
fountains, and can't fit into alcoves. Therefore, mopping is needed to clean areas the
autoscrubber can't reach.
Modern floor scrubbers have a pre-sweep option that removes the need to sweep the floor
before scrubbing. The pre-sweep brush head is placed in front of the vacuum system to collect
dust and debris before it can block the vacuum system. In the past it was important to sweep the
floor before scrubbing to remove any debris and dust that could clog the vacuum hose or build
up in the vacuum motor, which can decrease performance. If this happens, the vac hose may
need to be removed to clear the obstruction and/or the vac motor may need to be blown out with
compressed air.
Stripping Solution should never be used as it can cause damage to the solution dispensing
system, but can still be vacuumed up by the machine without harm. Occasionally, the solution
system should be flushed with water mixed with vinegar to remove any soap and calcium
deposits that could build in the solution system.
After each use, the dispensing(solution) and especially the collection(recovery)tanks
should be emptied and rinsed out to prevent dirt build up. Also, the pads/brushes, vac hose, and
squeegee should also be rinsed to prevent dirt build up. The vac motor should be run for several
minutes afterwards to remove any moisture that could be present in the vac motor to reduce
chances of corrosion that could damage the vac motor. Failure do to this maintenance could
cause in a loss of vacuum airflow and increase in costly repairs.
When storing an autoscrubber, the solution and recovery tanks should be left open to
allow ventilation and to prevent odors from building up Before charging battery-powered
machines, check to make sure the water in the battery cells is covering the lead plates before
charging. If the water level is low enough to expose the plates, Fill the cell with just enough
water until the plates are covered. If batteries are discharged, never add water if the electrolyte is
visible above the plates. When charging, the battery compartment should be left open for
ventilation as hydrogen gases are emitted from the charging process. After charging, check the
battery cells again. The water level should be 1/8 below the bottom of the fill well. If the level is
low fill until it is 1/8 below the bottom of the fill well. If a battery is overfilled, the water can
overflow which can damage the battery and make a mess.
When maintaining deep cycle batteries, distilled water is highly recommended. Never use water
with high mineral content.
Floor buffers and polishers
When floor scrubbing machines became more available to many types of facilities, there
was a need to cover a different type of flooring. Floor buffers were invented to scrub and polish
the floor with linoleum surface. The machines use rotary brushes with soft material to clean and
make the floor shine. For marble and wood floors, floor polishers may be used to apply
protective coating to floor.
Floor-scrubbing robots
With the advancement in technologies used in autonomous robots, floor-scrubbing robots
were created by combining the features of automatic floor scrubbers with self-control operations
without an operator. Non-residential models such as HydroBot by Intellibot Robotics are suitable
for education, retail, healthcare and manufacturing facilities. These commercial floor cleaning
machines can clean 10,000-square-foot (930 m2) area in one hour.
In the residential applications, floor-scrubbing robots are available using the same
principle of operation as in the commercial applications, but with much smaller machines.
Scooba by iRobot is an example of such robots.
Instructions
1. Sweep the floor thoroughly. If you use your scrubber on a floor that has a lot of loose dirt
or dust on it, the scrubber could press the dirt into the lines between tiles or spread it
around the floor.
2. Fill your intake tank with very warm water, leaving a few inches at the top. Add in the
concentrated cleaner. Don't add the cleaner first, and don't shake or splash it, as you want
to avoid stirring up suds.
3. Position the scrubber at the wall furthest from the door. If your scrubber model requires
you to pull it backward, start with the machine facing in the corner; if it's a forwardmoving model, start with your back to the corner and the machine facing out into the
room.
4. Turn on the various parts of the machine. On most models, the different functions of the
scrubber will be controlled by three different switches. Turn on the water pump first, then
the vacuum and finally the scrubber. Begin moving the machine in the direction it's
supposed to go (forward or backward). Work in slow, steady rows, watching the outflow
tank as you go to judge how soon you have to stop and replace the water.
5. Empty the outflow tank as soon as it is full. Refill the intake tank with warm water and
cleaning solution. You may have to do this several times depending on the size of the
scrubber and the amount of floor you are cleaning
Along with vacuum cleaners, rotary cleaning machines are the most common machines
used by cleaning operatives throughout the industry. They could be accurately described as the
workhorses of the industry, given the range of tasks they can be used to perform.
Although they may all look similar, the specifications of the different types of machine
will dictate their suitability for certain tasks. For instance, machines that rotate at slower speeds
are more suitable for scrubbing tasks, whereas the faster machines are more suited to floor
polishing procedures.
machine, will leave a gloss film on the surface of the floor. This process can be used to maintain
unpolished floors or to maintain the appearance of floor treated with polish.
Buffing
A soft grade abrasive pad is used to create a gloss finish on the floor. If a floor has been
recently treated with wax, emulsion or seal finish, buffing will enhance the appearance of the
floor by generating heat on the surface which will harden waxes and resins present in the newly
laid polish.
Spray Burnishing
In essence, this is very similar to spray cleaning but the term is applied to the
maintenance procedures required of floors where a buffable polish has been applied and the
abrasive pad will remove soil along with the surface layer of polish to leave a glossy finish.
Waxes and resins present in the product applied form part of the eventual finish, further
enhancing the appearance of the floor.
Scarifying
This is the most aggressive way of removing impacted soil from a surface. A scarifying
attachment is fitted to the machine that incorporates a series of sharp cutting tools that will
remove soil deposits by means of a chisel like action.
Light Sanding
This can be done with the use of abrasive mesh discs used in conjunction with a slow
speed machine. They can be used to lightly sand an uneven or damaged surface or strip back
multiple layers of polish that cannot be removed by conventional stripping.
Bonnet Mopping
A cleaning process for carpets or hard floors using a standard speed rotary machine fitted
with the appropriate bonnet mop. Each surface has its own particular technique and involves a
surface-specific bonnet mop.
Carpet
With hard floor bonnet cleaning the rotary machine should have a centre feed facility and
be fitted with a solution tank A hard floors bonnet is manufactured from a mixture of nylon and
high tensile nylon which ensures that it is hard wearing and the mop does not hold too much
water. To distinguish it from carpet bonnets the hard surface bonnet generally contains easily
identified coloured fleck, and has a mesh centre to allow water to feed through to the bonnet.
The cleaning technique here is different to carpets. The bonnet is put onto the drive board
in a dry state, and dampened by feeding water through from the solution tank. Only sufficient
cleaning solution should be fed to the bonnet, and as the bonnet dries out more solution can be
fed through. If done correctly the floor should be air dried in two or three minutes.
Types of Machine
As previously stated, although the machines may look similar, they do perform a number
of separate tasks, depending on their individual properties. In this section we will look at the
various types of machines available.
Single Brush Machines
Single brush machines have, as the name implies, a single rotating drive pulley driven,
powered by an electric motor. The drive pulley itself can be driven via a belt linking it to the
rotor of the motor or through a gearbox.
All machines apart from the Ultra High Speed machines are designed to be used in
conjunction with drive brushes, abrasive pads and a wide range of other accessories and
assemblies. Ultra High Speed machines, due to their speed configuration tend to be fitted with a
fixed drive board which is not removed after use.
The working width of these machines can vary from 28 to 60 cm and the speed at which
it is driven falls into one of the following categories:
Slow or Standard Speed
High Speed
Super Speed
As a general rule, machines in the Standard, High and Super Speed categories, will tend
to be swing machines which are operated in a side to side motion. They will have a head weight
on the floor of anything between 20 to 45 kilos, depending on working diameter, size and weight
of motor and general construction of the machine. The machines operate on the principal that at a
point of equilibrium or in a horizontal position to the floor the machine will hover in the same
spot. By gently raising the handle the machine will move to the right, and by gently lowering the
handle the machine will move to the left. It is a combination of this slight upward and downward
movement on the handle that allows the machine to swing in a side to side action.
With Ultra High Speed machines, these are known as divided weight machines and tend
to be operated in a straight line method. In order to facilitate these higher speeds the rear wheels
will be in contact with the floor when in use and possibly the machine will also have a front or
central castor wheel to give further ease of mobility. Ultra High Speed machines usually have a
pad pressure of between 3 to 9 kilos, depending on the diameter and speed of the machine. This
is why they are particularly effective in polishing or burnishing hard floor surfaces, but cannot be
used for more aggressive cleaning methods such as scrubbing or stripping.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED
1. A.C Motor
2. Pulley
3. Brushes
4. Belt
5. Cleaning liquid
6. Water
7. Battery
COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION
PULLEY
A pulley is a wheel on an axle that is designed to support movement and change of
direction of a cable or belt along its circumference. Pulleys are used in a variety of ways to lift
loads, apply forces, and to transmit power. In nautical contexts, the assembly of wheel, axle, and
supporting shell is referred to as a "block."
A pulley is also called a sheave or drum and may have a groove between two flanges
around its circumference. The drive element of a pulley system can be a rope, cable, belt, or
chain that runs over the pulley inside the groove.
Hero of Alexandria identified the pulley as one of six simple machines used to lift
weights. Pulleys are assembled to form a block and tackle in order to provide mechanical
advantage to apply large forces. Pulleys are also assembled as part of belt and chain drives in
order to transmit power from one rotating shaft to another.
A hoist using the compound pulley system yielding an advantage of 4. The single fixed
pulley is installed on the hoist (device). The two movable pulleys (joined together) are attached
to the hook. One end of the rope is attached to the crane frame, another to the winch.
A rope and pulley system -- that is, a block and tackle -- is characterised by the use of a
single continuous rope to transmit a tension force around one or more pulleys to lift or move a
loadthe rope may be a light line or a strong cable. This system is included in the list of simple
machines identified by Renaissance scientists.
If the rope and pulley system does not dissipate or store energy, then its mechanical
advantage is the number of parts of the rope that act on the load. This can be shown as follows.
Consider the set of pulleys that form the moving block and the parts of the rope that support this
block. If there are p of these parts of the rope supporting the load W, then a force balance on the
moving block shows that the tension in each of the parts of the rope must be W/p. This means the
input force on the rope is T=W/p. Thus, the block and tackle reduces the input force by the factor
p.
A gun tackle has a single pulley in both the fixed and moving blocks with two rope parts
supporting the load W.
Separation of the pulleys in the gun tackle show the force balance that results in a rope
tension of W/2.
A double tackle has two pulleys in both the fixed and moving blocks with four rope parts
supporting the load W.
Separation of the pulleys in the double tackle show the force balance that results in a rope
tension of W/4.
How it works
The simplest theory of operation for a pulley system assumes that the pulleys and lines
are weightless, and that there is no energy loss due to friction. It is also assumed that the lines do
not stretch.
In equilibrium, the forces on the moving block must sum to zero. In addition the tension
in the rope must be the same for each of its parts. This means that the two parts of the rope
supporting the moving block must each support half the load.
Fixed pulley
The load F on the moving pulley is balanced by the tension in two parts of the rope
supporting the pulley.
Movable pulley
Diagram 2: A movable pulley lifting the load W is supported by two rope parts with tension W/2.
These are different types of pulley systems:
Fixed: A fixed pulley has an axle mounted in bearings attached to a supporting structure. A
fixed pulley changes the direction of the force on a rope or belt that moves along its
circumference. Mechanical advantage is gained by combining a fixed pulley with a movable
pulley or another fixed pulley of a different diameter.
Movable: A movable pulley has an axle in a movable block. A single movable pulley is
supported by two parts of the same rope and has a mechanical advantage of two.
Compound: A combination of fixed and a movable pulleys forms a block and tackle. A
block and tackle can have several pulleys mounted on the fixed and moving axles, further
increasing the mechanical advantage.
Diagram 3: The gun tackle "rove to advantage" has the rope attached to the moving pulley. The
tension in the rope is W/3 yielding an advantage of three.
Diagram 3a: The Luff tackle adds a fixed pulley "rove to disadvantage." The tension in the rope
remains W/3 yielding an advantage of three.
The mechanical advantage of the gun tackle can be increased by interchanging the fixed
and moving blocks so the rope is attached to the moving block and the rope is pulled in the
direction of the lifted load. In this case the block and tackle is said to be "rove to advantage
Free body diagrams
The mechanical advantage of a pulley system can be analyzed using free body diagrams
which balance the tension force in the rope with the force of gravity on the load. In an ideal
system, the massless and frictionless pulleys do not dissipate energy and allow for a change of
direction of a rope that does not stretch or wear. In this case, a force balance on a free body that
includes the load, W, and n supporting sections of a rope with tension T, yields:
The ratio of the load to the input tension force is the mechanical advantage MA of the pulley
system
Thus, the mechanical advantage of the system is equal to the number of sections of rope
supporting the load.
Belt and pulley systems
A belt and pulley system is characterised by two or more pulleys in common to a belt.
This allows for mechanical power, torque, and speed to be transmitted across axles. If the pulleys
are of differing diameters, a mechanical advantage is realised.
A belt drive is analogous to that of a chain drive, however a belt sheave may be smooth
(devoid of discrete interlocking members as would be found on a chain sprocket, spur gear, or
timing belt) so that the mechanical advantage is approximately given by the ratio of the pitch
diameter of the sheaves only, not fixed exactly by the ratio of teeth as with gears and sprockets.
In the case of a drum-style pulley, without a groove or flanges, the pulley often is slightly
convex to keep the flat belt centred. It is sometimes referred to as a crowned pulley. Though
once widely used on factory line shafts, this type of pulley is still found driving the rotating
brush in upright vacuum cleaners, in belt sanders and bandsaws. Agricultural tractors built up to
the early 1950s generally had a belt pulley for a flat belt (which is what Belt Pulley magazine
was named after). It has been replaced by other mechanisms with more flexibility in methods of
use, such as power take-off and hydraulics.
A.C. MOTOR
An electric motor is used for the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy.
This conversion of electrical power to mechanical energy takes place in the rotating part of the
motor. A D.C. Motor is called as Conduction motor, but an A.C. Motor is called as Induction
Motor.
Induction Motor Design Principle
We all know that an electric motor is used for the conversion of electrical energy into
mechanical energy. This mechanical energy may be used for the pumping of liquid from one
place to other by using pumps or even to blow air by blowers or ceiling fans. The conversion of
electrical power to mechanical energy takes place in the rotating part of the motor. In D.C.
Motors, the electric power is conducted directly to the armature (the rotating part) through
brushes & commutator. Thus we can say a D.C. Motor as a conduction motor. But in case of an
A.C. Motor, the rotor does not receive electric power by conduction, but by Induction. Thus they
are called as induction motors. This can be compared with the secondary winding of a
transformer. These induction motors are also called as rotating transformers. Of all motors, it is
generally a 3-phase or a poly-phase induction motor is used in a larger extent in many industries
The Direction of rotation of an Electric motor is given by Fleming's Left Hand rule:
o
It shows the relation between the direction of "thrust" on a conductor carrying a "current"
in a "magnetic field".
Keep the Thumb, Index finger & the Middle finger of the left hand at right angles to each
other.The First finger or the index finger indicates the direction of the Field.
The seCond finger or the middle finger represents the direction of the Current.
The THumb represents the direction of the THrust or the direction of motion of the
conductor.
Also other important Law is the Faraday's Law Of Electro Magnetic Induction.There are 3
important rules/laws of electro magnetic induction.They are as follows:
1. An EMF is induced in a coil whenever the flux through the coil changes with time.
2. The magnitude of induced EMF is directly proportional to the rate of change of flux.
3. The direction of the EMF is such as to oppose the change in flux.
If a 3-phase supply is fed to the stator windings of a 3-phase motor, a magnetic flux of
constant magnitude, rotating at synchronous speed is set up. At this point, the rotor is stationary.
The rotating magnetic flux passes through the air gap between the stator & rotor and sweeps past
the stationary rotor conductors. This rotating flux, as it sweeps, cuts the rotor conductors, thus
causing an e.m.f to be induced in the rotor conductors. As per the Faradays law of
electromagnetic induction, it is this relative motion between the rotating magnetic flux and the
stationary rotor conductors, which induces an e.m.f on the rotor conductors. Since the rotor
conductors are shorted and form a closed circuit, the induced e.m.f produces a rotor current
whose direction is given by Lenzs Law, is such as to oppose the cause producing it. In this case,
the cause which produces the rotor current is the relative motion between the rotating magnetic
flux and the stationary rotor conductors. Thus to reduce the relative speed, the rotor starts to
rotate in the same direction as that of the rotating flux on the stator windings, trying to catch it
up. The frequency of the induced e.m.f is same as the supply frequency.
Sometimes, when the supply voltage is low, the squirrel cage induction motor refuses to
start. This happens when the number of stator teeth and the number of the rotor teeth is equal,
thus causing a magnetic locking between the stator and the rotor. This phenomenon is other-wise
called as teeth-locking or Magnetic locking. This problem can be overcome by having the
number of rotor slots prime to the stator slots.
Plugging of Motor
The Induction motor can be stopped immediately by just interchanging any two of the
stator leads. When an induction motor is rotating at a high speed, during emergency if situation
arises that the motor has to be stopped immediately, can be done by interchanging any 2 leads of
the stator supply. By doing this, it reverses the direction of the revolving flux, which produces a
torque in the reverse direction, thus causing a breaking effect on the rotor. This breaking period
is called the Plugging period.
4. The control gear for the starting purpose of these motors is minimum and thus simple and
reliable operation.
BATTERY
Battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored
chemical energy into electrical energy. Since the invention of the first battery (or "voltaic pile")
in 1800 by Alessandro Volta and especially since the technically improved Daniel cell in 1836,
batteries have become a common power source for many household and industrial applications.
The Lead Acid battery is made up of plates, lead, and lead oxide (various other elements
are used to change density, hardness, porosity, etc.) with a 35% sulfuric acid and 65% water
solution. This solution is called electrolyte, which causes a chemical reaction that produce
electrons. When you test a battery with a hydrometer, you are measuring the amount of sulfuric
acid in the electrolyte. If your reading is low, that means the chemistry that makes electrons is
lacking. So where did the sulfur go? It is resting on the battery plates and when you recharge the
battery, the sulfur returns to the electrolyte.
Basically there are two types of lead acid batteries (along with 3 sub categories);The two
main types are Starting (cranking), and Deep Cycle (marine/golf cart). The starting battery (SLI
starting lights ignition) is designed to deliver quick bursts of energy (such as starting engines)
and therefore has a greater plate count. The plates are thinner and have somewhat different
material composition. The deep cycle battery has less instant energy, but greater long-term
energy delivery. Deep cycle batteries have thicker plates and can survive a number of discharge
cycles. Starting batteries should not be used for deep cycle applications because the thinner
plates are more prone to warping and pitting when discharged. Dual Purpose Battery is a
compromise between the two types of batteries, though it is better to be more specific if possible.
Wet Cell (flooded), Gel Cell, and Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) are various versions of the
lead acid battery. The Wet cell comes in two styles; Serviceable and Maintenance free. Both are
filled with electrolyte and are basicly the same. I prefer one that I can add water to and check the
specific gravity of the electrolyte with a hydrometer. The Gel Cell and the AGM batteries are
specialty batteries that typically cost twice as much as a premium wet cell. However they store
very well and do not tend to sulfate or degrade as easily as wet cell. There is little chance of a
hydrogen gas explosion or corrosion when using these batteries; these are the safest lead acid
batteries you can use. Gel Cell and some AGM batteries may require a special charging rate. If
you want the best,most versatile type, consideration should be given to the AGM battery for
applications such as Marine, RV, Solar, Audio, Power Sports and Stand-By Power just to name a
few. If you don't use or operate your equipment daily, AGM batteries will hold their charge
better that other types. If you must depend on top-notch battery performance, spend the extra
money. Gel Cell batteries still are being sold but AGM batteries are replacing them in most
applications. There is a some common confusion regarding AGM batteries because different
manufactures call them by different names; some of the more common names are "sealed
regulated valve", "dry cell", "non spillable", and "Valve Regulated Lead Acid" batteries. In most
cases AGM batteries will give greater life span and greater cycle life than a wet cell battery.
SPECIAL NOTE about Gel Batteries: It is very common for individuals to use the term GEL
CELL when referring to sealed, maintenance free batteries, much like one would use Kleenex
when referring to facial tissue or "Xerox machine" when referring to a copy machine. Be very
careful when specifying a battery charger, many times we are told by customer they are requiring
a charger for a Gel Cell battery and in fact the battery is not a Gel Cell.
AGM:
The Absorbed Glass Matt construction allows the electrolyte to be suspended in close
proximity with the plates active material. In theory, this enhances both the discharge and
recharge efficiency. Common manufacturer applications include high performance engine
starting, power sports, deep cycle, solar and storage battery. The larger AGM batteries we sell
are typically good deep cycle batteries and they deliver their best life performance if recharged
before allowed to drop below the 50% discharge rate. The Scorpion motorcycle batteries we
carry are a nice upgrade from your stock flooded battery, and the Odyssey branded batteries are
fantastic for holding their static charge over long periods of non use. When Deep Cycle AGM
batteries are discharged to a rate of no less than 60% the cycle life will be 300 plus cycles.
GEL:
The Gel Cell is similar to the AGM style because the electrolyte is suspended, but
different because technically the AGM battery is still considered to be a wet cell. The electrolyte
in a Gel Cell has a silica additive that causes it to set up or stiffen. The recharge voltage on this
type of cell is lower than the other styles of lead acid battery. This is probably the most sensitive
cell in terms of adverse reactions to over-voltage charging. Gel Batteries are best used in VERY
DEEP cycle application and may last a bit longer in hot weather applications. If the incorrect
battery charger is used on a Gel Cell battery poor performance.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
WORKING PRINCIPLE
The cleaning liquid is mixed in proper proportion and it is poured into the reservoir
through the top way. The cleaning liquid is poured until the tanks are filled. Actuating the lever
opens the valve. Cleaning liquid from the tank spills on the brush. After the required amount is
delivered, the lever is released and the machine is switched ON. The brush gets drive from
motor through pulleys and belts. The brush applies pressure on the floor, when the adjuster rod
is unscrewed and the handle is moved in the required direction to clean the sufficient area.
Again the lever is operated to supply cleaning liquid whenever required.
This process is
repeated, so floor is cleaned well. The cotton brush prevents the damages on the mosaic, marble
floors and gives smooth surface finish and shining.
ADVANTAGES
Easy fabrication.
Smoother operation.
APPLICATIONS
Domestic purpose
Hospitals
Computer centers
Auditoriums
Cultural centers
Schools
Colleges
Theatres
Educational institutions
CONCLUSION
Thus in our project we have designed the Automatic floor cleaning machine with the help
of A.C Motor and belt transmission. The machine is designed in order to enable easy operation
and to reduce the effort of human beings. Even chidren and aged people can handle this machine,
no critical operations is needed in this machine. The ultimate need of this project is satisfied and
with the help of this machine we can clean the floor easily.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Woodbank Communications Ltd. (n.d.). (2005). State of Charge (SOC) Determination.
Retrieved from http://www.mpoweruk.com/soc.htm
2. North Arizona Wind & Sun. (n.d.). (2009). Deep Cycle Battery FAQ. Retrieved
from http://www.windsun.com/Batteries/Battery_FAQ.htm
3. http://www.medicaljobsireland.ie/tag/hospital-hygiene-audit-results/
4. http://www.hmi.ie/Documents/february_2009/cover_story_hygiene_report
%20hm_Feb_09_p12.pdf
5. http://www.mrsainfection.org/mrsa-in-ireland.php
6. http://www.wsh.nhs.uk/InfectionControl/MRSA.htm Chen & Schelin: