Review Chapter 3:

Explain the steps to write an equation when given:

1.
Slope and y-intercept
2.
Slope and an ordered pair
3.
Two ordered pairs

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Gr. 8 Course 3 is B8557842E1 to STUDY!!!

Chapter 4.1
Solving Systems of Linear
Equations in two variables.

Objectives

Solve a system by graphing

Solve a system by substitution
Solve a system by elimination

Solution of a system

A solution of a system of two

equations in two variables is an
ordered pair (x,y) that makes both
equations true.

Example 1:

Determine whether the given ordered

pair is a solution of the system.
x y 2
a.
2 x y 3
(1,1)

5 x 3 y 1
b.
x y 1
(2,3)

Example 1a: Continued

x y 2
a.
2 x y 3
(1,1)

Replace x with -1 and y with 1 in each equation.

-x + y = 2
2x y = -3
-(-1) + (1) = 2
2(-1) (1) = -3
1 +1 = 2
-2 1 = -3
2=2
-3 = -3
True
True
*Since (-1,1) makes both equations true, it is a solution.
Using set notation, the solution set is {(-1,1)}

Example 1b: Continued

5 x 3 y 1
b.
x y 1
(2,3)

We replace x with -2 and y with 3 in each equation

5x + 3y = -1
xy=1
5(-2) + 3(3) = -1
(-2) (3) = 1
-10 + 9 = -1
-5 = 1
-1 = -1
-5 = 1
True
False
**Since the ordered pair (-2,3) does not make BOTH
equations true, it is not a solution of the system.

Helpful Hint

Reading values from graphs may not

be accurate. Until a proposed solution
is checked in both equations of the
system, we can only assume that we
have estimated a solution.

Example 2: Solve each

system by graphing
x y 2
a.
3x y 2

x 2y 4
b.
2y
x

2x 4 y 10
c.
x 2y 5

Since the graph of a linear equation in

two variables is a line, graphing two
such equations yields two lines in a
plane.

Step 1: Graph both lines

x y 2
a.
3x y 2
y = -x + 2
y int: (0,2)
m = -1
-y = -3x 2
y = 3x + 2
y int: (0,2)
m=3

(0,2)
Common
Solution

Step 2: Substitute in common solution to

determine if ordered pair satisfies both
equations.
x y 2
a.
3x y 2

*(0,2) does satisfy both equations. We conclude therefore that (0,2) is the
solution of the system. A system that has at least one solution , such as this one,
is said to be consistent.

Example 2: B
x 2y 4
b.
2y
x

Step 1: Start by graphing each line.

Graph each line

If parallel,
system has no
solution
To check that lines are parallel, write each equation in point slope form. A system
that has no solution is said to be inconsistent.

Example 2: C

The graph of each equation appears to

be in the same line. This means that
the equations have identical solutions.
Any ordered pair solution of one
equation satisfies the other equation
also. Thus these equations are said to
be dependent equations. The solution
set is {(x,y)/ x + 2y = 5}

Concept Check

The equations in the system are

dependent and the system has an
infinite number of solutions. Which
ordered pairs below are solutions?
x 3 y 4

2x 8 6 y

a. (4,0)

b. (-4,0)

c. (-1, 1)

Summary of Solutions

One Solution:
Consistent System
Independent equations

No Solution:
Inconsistent System
Independent equations

Infinite number of solutions:

Consistent system
Dependent equations

Concept Check

How can you tell just by looking at the

following system that it has no
solution?

y 3x 5

y 3x 7

Concept Check

How can you tell just by looking at the

following system that it has infinitely
many solutions?

x y 5

2x 2 y 10

Graphing Method:

List types of solutions that would

be difficult to find, using the
graphing method.

Noninteger ordered pairs

Ordered pairs far away from the
origin

Summarize the steps to find the

solution of a system of linear
equations in two variables using
the graphing method.

Solving a System of Linear

Equations in Two Variables
Begin answering these questions in
your notes from yesterday!
Apply systems of linear equations in two
variables to a real-life scenario. (application)
Explain the steps to solve a system of
linear equations in two variables using
the graphing method. (prior knowledge)
Describe two situations where the
graphing method may be difficult to use.
(relevance)

Solving a System of Linear

Equations in Two Variables

Explain the steps to solve a system of linear

equations in two variables using the graphing
method.
Step 1: Graph both lines by writing each
equation in slope-intercept form (y=mx+b)
Step 2: Substitute the common solution to
determine if the ordered pair satisfies both
equations.
Describe two situations where the graphing
method may be difficult to use.
Non-integer ordered pairs
Ordered pairs far away from the origin

Objective & Key Vocabulary

I will solve a system of linear equations

in two variables by substitution.

What is the substitution method?

What are the steps used in the
substitution method?

Section 4.1 Example 3: Solving

equations by substitution method

Use the substitution method to solve

the system.
2 x 4 y 6

x 2y 5

Example 3: Continued

Substitute 2y 5 for x in the first equation.

2 (2y 5) + 4y = -6
4y 10 + 4y = -6
8 y 10 = -6
8y=4
y=
The y coordinate of the solution is 1/2 . To
find the x coordinate, we replace y with
in the second equation.

Example 3: Continued

x = 2y 5
x = 2(1/2) 5
x=15
x = -4

The ordered pair solution is (-4, ).

Check to see that (-4,1/2) satisfies
both equations of the system.

Solving a system of two equations

using the substitution method

Step 1: Solve one of the equations for one of its

variables.
Step 2: Substitute the expression for the variable
found in step 1 into the other equation.
Step 3: Find the value of one variable by solving
the equation from step 2.
Step 4: Find the value of the other variable by
substituting the value found in Step 3 into the
equation from Step 1.
Step 5: Check the ordered pair solution in both
original equations.

Give it a try!

Use the substitution method to solve

the system.
6x 4 y 10

y 3x 3

Step 1: Solve one equation for

one variable (to be used for substitution)
A. 2x + y = 11
xy=2

D. 2x + y = 1
10x 4y = 2

B. 4x y = 7
5x 8y = 2

E. -3x y = -13
x + 2y = 6

x = 2y + 6
x = 6y + 5

y = 2x + 1
y = 4x 7

C. 2x + 2y = 4
3x 3y = 18

F. 2x 6y = 4
x + 6y = 5

x=y+2
x = y + 2

KEY
A. 2x + y = 11
xy=2

D. 2x + y = 1
10x 4y = 2

A. x = y + 2

D. y = 2x + 1

B. 4x y = 7
5x 8y = 2

E. -3x y = -13
x + 2y = 6

B. y = 4x 7

E. x = 2y + 6

C. 2x + 2y = 4
3x 3y = 18

F. 2x 6y = 4
x + 6y = 5

C. x = y + 2

F. x = 6y + 5

ANALYSIS:
Which equations
seemed to be
the easiest to
solve for a
variable?

Match the system & solution IN NOTES FROM

YESTERDAY! Find the answer from one of the
boxes shown. This box will have your next problem
to solve (label each step). Go in order!

(12,17)

(2,3)

(6,0)

x 2y = 0
y=8x
x = 8y
2x 5y = -4 4x 3y =-3 x 4y = 12
(4,1)

-1/2x-y=-3
x + 3y = 6

(2,1)

(3,5)

(24,3)
y=x+5
y = 2x - 7
(8,4)

-x + 2y = 4 -3x y=-13 4x y = 7
5x 3y = 1 x + 2y = 6 5x 8y = 2

KEY
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
x 2y = 0 4x y = 7 -x + 2y = 4
y=8x
2x 5y = -4 5x 8y = 2 5x 3y = 1 4x 3y =-3
(8,4)
(2,1)
(2,3)
(3,5)
5th
-3x y=-13
x + 2y = 6
(4,1)

6th
-1/2x-y=-3
x + 3y = 6
(6,0)

7th
x = 8y
x 4y = 12
(24,3)

8th
y=x+5
y = 2x - 7
(12,17)

Example 4

Use the substitution method to solve

the system.
x
6

x
2

y 1

2 2
y
3

6
4

Example 4 : Continued

Step 1: Multiply each equation by its

lcm to clear the system of fractions.
x y
1

6( 6 2 ) 6 (2)

12( x y ) 12( 3)

2 6
4

x 3 y 3

4 x 2 y 9

Example 4: Continued
Step 2: Solve the first equation for x
- x + 3y = 3
-x = -3y + 3
x = 3y 3
Step 3: Replace x with 3y 3 in the second equation.
4(3y -3) 2y = -9
12 y 12 2y = -9
10 y 12 = -9
10 y = 3
y= 3
10

Example 4: Continued
3
10

Step 4: Replace y with

in the
equation x = 3y 3 and solve for x

Step 5: write your ordered pair

solution and check to see that this
solution satisfies both equations.

Give it a try!

Use the substitution method to solve

the system:
x y 1
2 4 2

x y 1
2 2
8

Objective & Key Vocabulary

I will solve a system of linear equations

in two variables by elimination.

What is the elimination method?

What are the steps used in the
elimination method?

Elimination Method

The elimination method or addition

method is a second algebraic
technique for solving systems of
equations. For this method, we rely on
a version of the addition property of
equality, which states that equals
added to equals are equal.
If A = B and C = D then A+C = B + D

Example 5:

Use the elimination method to solve

the system: x 5 y 12

x y 4

Since the left side of each equation is

equal to the right side, we add equal
quantities by adding the lefts sides of
the equations and right sides of the
equations.

Example 5: Continued
x 5y = -12
-x + y = 4
-4y = -8
y=2
The y- coordinate is 2. To find the corresponding xcoordinate, we replace y with 2 in either equation.
-x + (2) = 4
-x=2
x = -2
The ordered pair solution is (-2, 2). Check to see that
(-2,2) satisfies both equations of the system.

Give it a try!

Use the elimination method to solve

the system: 3x y 1

4 x y 6

Example 6:

Use the elimination method to solve

the system.
3x 2 y 10

4 x 3 y 15

Step 1: Multiply both sides of the first

equation by 3 and both sides of the
second equation by -2.

Example 6: Continued

After multiplying you end up with

9x 6 y = 30
-8x + 6y =-30
x=0
Substitute 0 for x in either equation to find y value
3(0) 2y = 10
-2y = 10
y = -5
Ordered Pair solution: (0, -5) Check to see that this
ordered pair satisfies both equations.

Give it a try!

Use the elimination method to solve

the system: 2x 5 y 6

3x 4 y 9

Solving a system of two linear equations

using the elimination method

Step 1: Rewrite each equation in standard form,

Ax +By = C.
Step 2: If necessary, multiply one or both equations
by the same nonzero number so that the coefficient
of one variable in one equation is the opposite of its
coefficient in the other equation.
Step 3: Add the equations.
Step 4: Find the value of one variable by solving
the equation from step 3.
Step 5: Find the value of the second variable by
substituting the value found in step 4 into either
original equation.
Step 6: Check the proposed ordered pair solution
in both original equations.

Example 7

Use the elimination method to solve the

system.
y

2
3x
2

6 x y 5

Step 1: Clear the fractions by multiply by sides of 1st equation by -2.

6 x y 4
2(3x ) 2( 2)
simplifies to
2

6x y 5

6
x

0=1
False
No solution. The solution set is { }. This system is inconsistent, and the
graphs of the equations are parallel lines.

Example 8:

Use the elimination method to solve

the system. 5x 3 y 9

10 x 6 y 18

Helpful Hint

Remember that not all ordered pairs

are solutions of the system in Example
8. Only the infinite number of ordered
pairs that satisfy -5x 3y = 9 or
equivalently 10x + 6y = -18.

Give it a try!

Use the elimination method to solve

the system: x
2 y 1
3
x 6 y 2

Give it a try!

Use the elimination method to solve

the system: 4 x 7 y 10

8x 14 y 20