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7

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11

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13

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Mf;fYk; mlf;fYk; kPjj

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(rpyk;G 3:46-55)
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14

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15

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(rpyk;G 24:16)
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16

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(Gwk; 369:26-27)

17

typ>

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(rpyk;G 6:50-51)
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ePhpd;

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18

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vd;w GwehD}w;W mbfs; tpsf;Ffpd;wd.
19

KuR:
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20

nta;fjph; tpOq;fpa Jfpnfhbg; ge;jh;

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Caph;gyp cz;Zk; cUKf;Fuy; Kof;fj;J

(rpyk;G 26:191-196)
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21

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khehfh;f;F <e;jhh; kzk;
mt;top
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22

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nghUeh; Mh;g;nghL epiukzp tpsf;fpd;
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GiujPh; tQ;rp Nghe;ijapd; njhLNgd;

(rpyk;G 26:34-47)
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GwQ;NrhpapWj;j fhijapy;>

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rpyk;gpy;>

23

tha;ths; neLe;jif kzpKbf;F mzpe;J

Qhyk; fhtyh; ehs; jpiw gapUk;
fhiy Kurk; filafj;J vOjYk;
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vd;w mbfs; vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ.

KoT:
KuR vd;Dk; nrhy;Yf;F ,izahfNt KoT
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aho;>

gad;gLj;jgl;Ls;sJ.

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gpd;top epd;wJ jfNt KonthL
(rpyk;G 3:139-141)
vd muq;Nfw;Wf; fhij mbfspd; top czh;j;Jfpd;wJ.
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mioj;Js;sdh;. rpyk;gpy;>

24

kz;fiz KoTk; tzh;Nfhl;L ahOk;

(rpyk;G 28:55)
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vd ,ak;Gk;.
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25

tpsq;Fk;.
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,d;iwf;F

rq;F

fUtpfshf
rq;F

vDk;

vd
fUtp

Foy;>
[e;Jk;

J}k;G>

,lk;ngWfpwJ.

fQ;rf;fUtp

tifapy;

,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gJ Fwpg;gpljf;f nra;jpahFk;.

26

neL

Foy:;
Foy;
fUtpfspNy

nja;tj;

rpwg;ghFk;>

jd;ik

tha;e;jJ.

goikahdjhfTk;

,irf;

fUjg;gLtJ

Foy;. vdNt jhd; FodpJ ahopdpJ vd ts;StUk;>

Foy;

top

epd;wJ

vd;W

,sq;NfhtbfSk;

Foiy

Kjw;fz; $wpdhh;. Foy; thq;fpak; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLk;;.

Foypid
FoyhdJ
nfhd;iw

Kjd;

Kjypy;

Mah;fspd;
kyh;>

Mk;gy;

gad;gLj;jpath;fs;
ifapy;
nrb>

,Uf;Fk;

Mah;fNs.
NfhyhFk;.

Ky;iyf;nfhb>

Mfpa

%d;Wk; CJ Foyhf Mah;fs; gad;gLj;jpaij>

nfhd;iwae; jPq;Foy; NfshNkh NjhoP,

(rpyk;G 17:76)
Mk;gye; jPq;Foy; NfshNkh NjhoP,
(rpyk;G 17:79)
Ky;iyae; jPq;Foy; NfshNkh NjhoP,
(rpyk;G 17:82)
vd;W rpyk;gpd; Ma;r;rpah; gFjp czh;j;JfpwJ.
Mepiufis

xUq;FgLj;Jtjw;F

Mah;fs;

Foiy gad;gLj;jpAs;sdh; vd;gij>

fhtyd; Mepiu ePh;j;Jiwgl;,f;

Nfhtyd; CJFoypd; ghzpAk;
(rpyk;G 27:241-242)

27

vd mbfs; ,ak;Gk;. Mah;fs; ,irj;j CJk; Foiy

Nta;Foy; vd rhl;lg;gLfpwJ.
khiyg; nghOjpy; Nfhtyh;fs; Foypirg;gij
tof;fkhf nfhz;bUe;jdh; vd;gij rpyk;gpy;>

Foy; tsh;Ky;iyapy; Nfhtyh; jk;NkhL

(rpyk;G 4:15)
vd me;jpkhiy rpwg;G nra; fhijapd; mb ,ak;Gk;. gpw
,irf;fUtpfs;

,irf;Fk;

nghOJk;

Foy;

,irf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij rpyk;gpd; Ntl;Ltthpapy;>

Mnwwp giwAQ; Fiwr; rpd;dKk;

NfhLk; FoYk; gPnfO kzpAk;
(rpyk;G 12:40-41)
vd;w mbfs; czh;j;Jk;. ,ijg; Nghd;W ghpghlypy;>
xj;j Foypd; xypnao KoT ,kpo;

kj;jhp jlhhp jz;Zik MFsp

xj;j mse;J rPh;J}f;fp xUth; gpw;glhh;20
(ghp 12:40)
vd;w itfiwg; ghly; czh;j;Jk;.
Foyhrphpad; ,af;Fk; Kiw:

Gy;ypa

mwpe;J Gz;gL gz;gpd;

th;j;jid ehd;Fk; kay; mwg;nga;J mq;F

Vw;wpa Fuy; ,sp vd;w ,U euk;gpd;
28

xg;gf; Nfl;Fk; czh;tpid M,

gz;mik Kotpd; fz;vwp mwpe;J
jz;Zik Kjy;td; jd;ndhLk; nghUe;jp
tz;zk; gl;il aho;Nky; itj;jhq;F
,irNahd; ghba ,irapd; ,aw;if
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

<u epyj;jpd; vOj;njOj;jhf

tOtpd;W ,irf;Fq; FoNyhd;whYk;
(rpyk;G 3:57-69)
vd;w ghly; mbfs; tpsf;Ffpd;wd.

rq;F:
,aw;ifahf

,iria

rq;F

mjidf;

NfhL> gdpyk;> tyk;Ghp> tis> vd;W NtW tpjkhfTk;

Fwpg;gpLth; rq;fpd; xyp kpf ePz;l njhiytpw;F Nfl;Fk;
jd;ikTilaJ. kd;did J}apy;nyg;Gk;> jpUkzq;fSf;F
,irf;Fk;
jpUkhypd;

kq;fyf;

fUtp

MAjkhf

topghLfspYk;>

Nghh;f;F

rq;F.

itzj;

rq;F

nja;tkhd

fUjg;gLk;.

Kd;Dk;

gpd;Dk;>

nja;t
khiy

Neuq;fspYk;> rq;fhdJ gpw ,irf; fUtpfNshL ,ize;J

xypf;Fk.;

rpyk;gpy;

rq;F

gpw

,irj;jij>

29

fUtpfNahL

Nrh;e;J

thy;ntz; rq;nfhL tifg;ngw;W Xq;fpa

fhiy Kurk; fidf;Fuy; ,ak;g.
(rpyk;G 14:13-14)
vd;w

Ch;fhz;

fhij

mbfs;

tpsq;FfpwJ.

Nghf;F

Kd;Dk;> gpd;Dk; rq;fpd; ,ir xypj;jij>

fhQ;rpj; jhidnahL fhtyd; kiyg;g

ntapy; fjph; tpOq;fpa Jfpy; nfhbg;ge;jy;
tbj;Njhy; nfhLk; giw thy; tiyneLtaph;
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tpsq;Fnfhb ee;jpd; tPq;fpir ehTk;

eLq;F njhopy; xope;jhq;F xLq;fp cspnra;
(rpyk;G 26:191-203)
vd;w fhy;Nfhl; fhij mbfs; tpsq;Fk; nja;t topghl;by;
rq;F ,lk;ngw;Ws;sij>

NfhLk; FoYk; gPLnfO kzpAk;

fzq;nfhz;L Jitg;g mzq;F Kd;wpwP,
(rpyk;G 12:41-42)
vd;w rpyk;gpd; mbfs; tpsf;Fk;.

30

nfhk;G:
nfhk;G

goe;jkpoh;

tho;tpaNyhL

xd;wpide;jJ. taph; vd;w NtW ngah; cz;L. ,f;fUtp

tpyq;fpd; nfhk;G> vYk;G Mfpatw;why; nra;ag;gl;bUf;Fk;.
Nghh;f;fhyj;jpy;

nja;t

topghl;by;

gpw

fUtpNahL

,ize;J ,irj;Js;sdh; vd;gij>

tbj;Njhy; nfhLk;giw thy; tiy neLtaph;

(rpyk;G 26:193)
vd;W rpyg;gjpfhuk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ,d;iwf;Fk; rpWnja;t
topghl;by;> ehl;Lg;Gw epfo;TfspYk; nfhk;G ,irf;fg;gl;L
tUfpwJ.

,jid

Nfus

ehl;by;

gQ;r

thj;jpaq;fspy;

xd;whf ,d;iwf;Fk; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sij fhz Kbfpd;wJ.

ctikapd; top ,irf;fUtp:

,irf;fUtpfis

,aw;ifahd

czh;NthL

ctikahfg; gad;gl;Ls;sij rpyk;gpy;>

mspa jhNk rpWgRq;fpspNa

FoYk; ahOk; mkpo;Jk; Fioj;j epd;
koiy fpstpf;F tUe;jpd thfpAk;
(rpyk;G 2:57-59)
aho;>

Foy;

fz;zfpapd;

nrhy;yg;gl;lJ kw;Wk;>

31

Ngr;rpw;F

ctikahf

Gs;tha; KunrhL nghwpkyh; thuzj;J

Ks;tha;r; rq;fk; Kiw Kiw Mh;g;g
(rpyk;G 4:76-77)
gwitfspd;

xyp

tpsq;Fk;.

Kurpd;

Kof;fj;jpw;F

rq;F-thuzj;jpd;

xypf;F

ctikahf
ctikahf

czh;j;JfpwJ. NkYk;>

caph;g;gyp Az;Zk; cUf;Fuz; Kof;fj;J

(rpyk;G 26:195)
vd;w

mb

KuR-,b

Kof;fj;jpw;F

ctikahfr;

nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sij tpsf;Ffpd;wd.

euk;Gf; fUtp:
kuj;jpdhy;

nra;ag;gl;L

euk;Gfs;

my;yJ

fk;gpfs; Gl;lg;gl;lit euk;Gf; fUtpfshFk;. Mit aho;>

tPiz>

jk;Guh>

Nfhl;L

thj;jpak;>

gpby;

Kjypadthk;.

euk;Gf; fUtpfs; gd;dpirf;F Vw;wit. euk;gpd; KWf;F>

mjph;T> Mfpaitia Kiwahf mikj;J jkpoh; ,d;gk;
J}a;j;J

te;Js;sdh;.

rpyk;gpy;

aho;>

tPiz>

euk;Gf;

fUtpahf ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd.

rpyk;gpy; aho:;
jkpoh; fz;l rPhpa euk;Gf; fUtpahf aho;
jkpofj;jpy;

njhd;ikahd

fhyj;jpy;

Njhd;wpaJ.

aho;>

,irapd; gpwg;Gf;Nf Mjhukhf ,Ue;jikahy; gz;ila

jkpoh;

,jidj;

nja;tkhfNt

,jid

rpyk;gjpfhuj;jpd;

ahopir

kPl;Ltij

fUjp

fhdy;thpf;

Fwpf;Fk;
32

NghJ

topg;gl;Ls;sdh;.
fhijapy;

Fw;wkw;w

khjtp

fUtpapy;

jhd;

,irnaOg;gpAs;sdh;

vd;gij

,sq;Nfhtbfs;

Fwpg;gLfpwhh;. aho; kpf mofhff; Nfhyk; nra;ag; ngw;W

ciwAs; ed;F ghJfhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij>

rpj;jpuj;Jg; glj;Jl; Gf;Fr; nrOq;Nfhl;bd;

kyh;Gide;J ikj;jlq;fs; kzkfsph;Nfhyk;Nghy
tdg;nga;jp
gj;jUk; NfhLk; mzpAk; euk;Gnkd;
wpj;jpwj;Jf; Fw;wk; ePq;fpa aho;ifapy;
njhOJ

thq;fp
(rpyk;G 7:1-4)

vd;w

mbfs;

tzq;fp

tpsf;Fk;.

te;Js;sdh;

ahopid

vd;gij

nja;tkhf

njhOJ

czh;j;JfpwJ.

,ijg;

Nghd;W Ntdpw; fhijapy; mjpuhj ahio>

ey;ypir kle;ij ey;nyopy; fhl;b

my;ypak; gq;faj; jadpdpJ gilj;J
nja;tk; rhd;w jPQ;Rit ey;aho;
nka;ngw tzq;fp NknyhL fPo;Gide;j
jpUifapd; thq;fp ,ltapd; ,hP,
kUtpa ,ia khl;Ljy; flNd
(rpyk;G 8:23-28)
vd;W ahopirf; fiyf;F xU Gdpjj; jd;ik nfhLj;Js;s
ghq;F ,jd; thapthf ed;F tpsq;Fk;.
33

ahohrphpahpd; ,af;F Kiw:

ahohrphpah; ,ay;ig muq;Nfw;Wf; fhijapd;>
<Nuo; njhLj;j nrk;Kiwf; Nfs;tpapd;
XNuo; ghiy epWj;jy; Ntz;b
td;ikapy; fple;j jhu ghfKk;
nkd;ikapd; fple;j Fuypd; ghfKk;
iff;fpis xopj;j ghfKk; nghw;Gilj;
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

aho; ghit ,lKiw nky;ypaf;

Foy; Nky; Nfhb tyKiw nkypa
typTk; nkypTk; rkDk; vy;yhk;
nghypaf; Nfhj;j Gyik Nahd;
(rpyk;G 3:70-94)
vd;w ghly; mbfs; czh;j;JfpwJ.

aho; tiffs:;
,irf;Fg;

gpwg;gplkhd

ahopd;

gQ;r kugpy; ehd;fhf gphpj;Jf; $wg;gl;Ls;sij>

34

tiffis

Nghpaho; gpd;D kfuQ; rNfhlKld;

rPh; nghyp nrq;NfhL nrg;gpd uhw;whh; nghype;j
kd;d jpUkhw tz;$lw; NfhkhNd
apd;d KsNt rpy21
vd;w

ntz;gh

czh;j;Jfpd;wJ.

kfuaho;>

rNfhlaho;>

nrq;Nfhl;b aho;> vd ehd;Fk; ,yf;fpaf; Fwpg;GfspypUe;J

ngwg;gLk;. tpy; aho;> rPwp aho;> ehuj aho;> fPrf aho;>
Mapug; Nghpaho;> kfjp aho;> fr;rgp aho;> Nghd;wtw;iwf;
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; nrq;Nfhl;b aho;> rNfhl
aho; gw;wp gjpT ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ.

ahopw;Fhpa kuq;fs;:
nfhd;iw>
jdf;F

Mfpatw;iw

fUq;fhyp>

nkd;KUf;F>

ahOf;Fhpa

rpwe;j

Fkpo;>

kuq;fshf

Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ.

rNfhl aho;:
aho;fs;

ehd;fpDs;

rNfhl

ahOk;

xd;W.

,e;j aho; Kjw; rq;fk; fhye;njhl;L jpUQhd rke;j

gps;isahh; fhyk; tiu epytp ,Ue;jJ rhd;Wfs; cs22
vd;gh; m.,uhftd;. ,yz;ld; khefh;g; gok; ngUq;fhl;rp
rhiyapYs;s

mkuhtjp

efh;

fy;Nyhtpaj;jpNy

fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ23. rNfhl aho; fUtp rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy;>

35

<Nuo; njhLj;j nrk;Kiwf; Nfs;tp

(rpyk;G 6:70)
vd muq;Nfw;Wf; fhijapd; mbAk;>

gpioah; kugpdPNuo; Nfhit

(rpyk;G 8:31)
vd;w Ntdpw; fhijAk;>

mizTwf; fple;j ahopd; nwhFjpAk;

<Nuo; rNfhO kpilepiyg; ghiyAk;
(rpyk;G 10: 13-14)
vd

ehL

fhz;

fhijapYk;

rNfhl

aho;

,lk;ngw;W

ghd

ehadhh;

Nghw;wg; ngWfpd;wJ.
jpUePyfz;l
ifapypUe;j
jpUQhd

rNfhl

rk;ge;juhy;

aho;g;

ahio

,j;nja;tf;

ghlg;gl;lJ24

vd;W

fUtp

vd

ngh.Nyhr;rd;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.

rPwp aho;> nrq;Nfhl;L aho:;

rPwp
tof;fpypUe;j

aho;

goikahd

rq;f
fUtpahFk;;.

fhyj;jpy;
,J

ngU

NghpahOf;F

vjph; kiwahd nghUs; nfhz;lJ. mjhtJ rpwpa aho;

vd;W nghUisAilaJ.

36

fUq;Nfhl;L rPwpaho;
(rpyk;G 28:23)
tzh;Nfhl;L rPwpaho; thq;FG joP,
(rpyk;G 28:31)
vd;Dk; rpyg;gjpfhu mbapypUq;J ,e;j ahopd; Nfhl;LWG
tzh; vd;Dk; tisthd gFjpiaAk;> fhpa epwj;ijAk;
nfhz;ljhf mike;Js;sJ vd;gij czh;j;Jfpd;wd.
iftop kUq;fpaw; nrt;top gz;zp25

(Gwk; 149:3)
vd;w

mbapd;

nghUSilaJ

%yk;

iftop

rPwpaho;

vd;gijAk;

czh;j;Jk;.

vd;Dk;

ghzh;fs;

vq;F

nrd;whYk; vLj;J nry;y trjpahf ,Ug;gjhy; iftop

vdg; ngah; ngw;wJ.
nrq;Nfhl;b aho; VO euk;Gfisf; nfhz;L
jpfo;tjhy;

,f;fUtpia

rPwpaho;

vd;W

fUJth;

rpyh;.

rPwpahopd; tisthd Nfhl;LWg;Gg; gFjp epkph;e;J Neuhf;fpa

epiyapy; mikf;fg;gl;lNj nrq;Nfhl;b ahohFk;. ,jid>

nre;epwk; Ghpe;j nrq;Nfhl;b ahopy;

(rpyk;G 13:106)
rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd;
vLj;Jiuf;Fk;.
nrq;Nfhl;b
m.,uhftd;.

aho;

GwQ;NrhpapWj;jf;
aho;fspy;
vd;W
aho;

fhijapd;

nrq;Nfhl;b

$wg;gl;L
euk;Gfspd;

ahopd;

,Uf;fyhk;

,t;tb
NfhL
vd;gh;26

mbg;gilapyhd

tifg;ghl;by; ,uz;L XNu nghUspy; miktjhy; rPwpahopd;

37

jpUj;jk; ngw;w epiyapyike;j fUtpNa nrq;Nfhl;b aho;

MFk;.

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; tPiz:
tPiz vd;w nrhy;> Fwpg;ghf nkl;LfSld;
(frets)

$ba

euk;Gf;

fUtpia

Fwpf;Fk;

nrhy;yhf

mike;jJ. rq;fg; ghlypy; tPiz vd;w ,f;fUtp gw;wpa

Fwpg;G

vq;Fk;

,y;iy.

Mdhy;

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy;

,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ vd;gij>

ehujd; tPiz eae;njhp ghlYk;

Njhhpa

kle;ij eae;njhp ghlYk;

Mapuq; fz;Nzhd; nrtpafk; epiwa

ehlfk; cUg;grp ey;fhs; Mfp
kq;fyk; ,og;g tPiz kz;kpir
jq;Ff ,tnsdr; rhgk; ngw;w
(rpyk;G 6:18-23)
vd;Dk; rpyg;gjpfhu fly;ML fhijapy; khjtpapd; gpwg;ig
tpsf;f

,sq;Nfhtbfs;

nfhs;fpwhh;.

tPiz

Gydhfpd;wd.

Guhzf;
vd;w

tPizf;

fijiaj;
fUtp

Jizahf

,lk;ngWtjhf

fUtpia

ngaustpy;

,sq;Nfhtbfs; Kjd; Kjypy; gad;gLj;jpAs;shh;. ahOk;>

tPizAk;

xNu

fUtpahff;

nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.

ngUq;fijapy; jhd; ahOk;> tPizAk; ,UNtW

fUtpfs;

vd;W Kjd; Kjypy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. jkpopy; aho;

vy;yh

euk;Gf;

fUtpf;Fk;

nghJthf
38

Fwpf;Fk;

xU

nrhy;yhf mike;jNjh mt;thNw tPizAk; goq;fhyj;jpy;

tlnkhopapy;
Fwpf;Fk;

nghJthf

nrhy;yhf

vy;yh

euk;Gf;

mike;Js;sJ27

fUtpfisAk;
vd;gij

mwpa

Kbfpd;wd.

fQ;rf; fUtp:
fQ;rk; vd;gJ ntz;fyk; vdg; nghUs;gLk;.
ghz;by;> jhsk;> Fz;L jhsk;> gpuk jhsk;> [hyh; vd;gd
fQ;rf

fUtpapd;

ntz;fyj;jhy;

tiffshFk;.

,itaidj;JNk

nra;ag;gLtdthFk;.

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy;

ghz;by; vd;w fQ;rf; fUtp kl;LNk ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ.

ghz;by;:
jhskpLtjw;F
ghz;byhFk;;.

ghz;by;

thj;jpaq;fisAk;>

gad;gLj;Jk;
vd;gJ

fQ;rf;

,irj;

ifj;jhsj;ijAk;

fUtp

njhlh;ghd

Fwpg;gJ.

tl;l

tbtkhd ,U ntz;fyf; fUtpfisj; jl;b jhstpir

Vw;gLj;jf;
Nrh;e;J

$baJ.

ghz;byhdJ

,irf;fg;gLtJ

rpyk;gpy;

,irf;fUtpfNshL
Xh;

,lj;jpy;

kl;Lk;

,irf;fg;gl;lij fhy;Nfhl; fhijapy;>

tbj;Njhy; nfhLk;giw thy;tis neLtaph;

,bf;Fuy; Kurk; ,Ok; vd; ghz;by;
(rpyk;G 26:193-194)
vd;w mbfs; ,ak;Gk;. ghpghlypy;>

39

gfh; Foy; ghz;by; ,ak;g28

(ghp 35:8)
vd;w mb Rl;lg;gLfpwJ.

kplw;Wf; fUtp:
euk;gpir>
%tif

,irfSs;

Foypir>
xd;whd

kplw;wpir>

kplw;wpiria

aho;>

vd;Dk;
Foy;

fUtpNahL ,izj;J $wpa ngUik jkpoUf;Nf chpaJ

MFk;.

kplW

vd;gij

rhPu

tPiznad;Wk;>

rhhPu

tPiznad;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
khjtp kplw;why; ghb gpd;dh; ahio ,irj;J
,izthfg;gLtJ kJu fPjk; vd ,sq;Nfhtbfs; rpyk;gpy;
Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. fPjk; ,dpikahd ghly; vd;w nrhy; Kjd;
Kjyhfj; jkpopy; ,sq;Nfhtbfshy; gad;gLj;jgl;Ls;sij
rpyk;gpy;>

mjpuh kugpd; aho;if thq;fp

kJu fPjk; ghbds; kaq;fp
(rpyk;G 8:23-24)
vd;w Ntdpw; fhijapd; mbfs; czh;j;Jk;.
fz;lk; my;yJ epuk;gf; fhl;lf;

fUtpf; fpd;gk; nfhLg;gJk; mJ

nghUtU epyj;ijg; Gzh;g;gjJNt29

40

vd;W

kplw;Wg;ghly;

(fz;lg;ghly;)

fUtpf;F

,d;gk;

nfhLg;gJ. mJNt epyj;ij ,izg;gJ my;yJ Gzh;g;gJ

MFk;.
%yhjhue; njhlq;fpa %r;irf; fhyhy; fpsg;gpf;
fUj;jhy; ,af;fp xd;nwj; jhf;fp ,uz;nldg; gFj;J gz;
ePh;ikfisg; gpwg;gpf;fgl;l ghlypaYf;F mike;j kplw;Wg;
ghly;30

Mfk;.

fUj;jpd;

,af;fk;

,jpy;

XirNahL

vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;

,ire;J

nry;Yk;

ngWfpd;wJ.

kplw;Wg;

ghly; ghlypaYf;F chpaJ vd;gJ mwpag; ngWfpd;wJ.

ahOk; FoYk; rPUk; kplWk;

(rpyk;G 3:26)
vd;w

mbfs;

aho;>

Foy;

,irf;

fUtpNahL

kplw;Wg;

ghlYk; ,irf;fg;gl;lij rpyk;gpd; mbfs; czh;j;JfpwJ.

gQ;r

kugpy;

$wg;gLfpd;w

Msj;jp

,yf;fzk;

kplw;wpirf;Nf nghUj;jkhdJ31 vd;gh; ngh.rh.Nyhr;rd;.

topg;ghl;by; ,irf;fUtpfs;:
topghLfs;
topghLfs;>

,aw;if

mikag;ngw;Ws;sd.

nja;t

topghLfs;>

topghLfs;>
vd

gy

mt;topghLfspy;

eLfw;

tiffspy;
kq;fy

thj;jpaq;fshf ,irf;fUtpfs; ,irf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,jid

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; Ntl;Lt thpapy; nfhw;wit topghl;by;
,irrf;fUtpfs; ,aq;fg;gl;lij>

41

Mnwwpg; giwAQ; #iwr; rpd;dKk;

NfhLk; FoYk; gPLnfO kzpAk;
fzq; nfhz;L Jitg;g mzq;F Kd;wpaJ
tpiyg;gyp cz;Zk; kyh;gyp gPbiff;
fiyg;ghp G+h;j;jpiaf; ifnjhO Njj;jp
(rpyk;G 12:40-44)
vd;w ghlybfs; tpsf;Ffpd;wd; topgwpf;Fk; fhy;nfhl;Lk;
giwAk;> #iw nfhs;Sk; fhy; CJk; nfhk;Gk; rpd;dKk;>
nfhk;Gk; FoYk;> ngUik nghUe;jpa kzpAk; jk;kpw; $b
xypg;g ,tw;iw mt;tzq;fpd; Kd;Nd
32

vd

nrhw;nghoptpy;

czh;j;jg;gLfpwJ

gp.vk;.Re;juk;

gad;gLj;jg;gLk;

,irf;fUtpfis Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
ehfr;ruk;> jpUrpd;dk;> Vh;fhsk;> Kftpid>
nfshp fhsk;> nfhk;G> eThp> xj;J ehfRuk;> Gy;yhq;Foy;>
rq;F> Jj;jhp> gyp kj;jsk;> Rj;j kj;jsk;> jtps;> Nghpif>
Re;jpug;gps;is>
thj;jpak;>

nrz;il>

tz;il>

lf;f>

,lf;if>

lkhuk;>

[f;fp>

lq;f>

[aNghp>

lk

fifjg;

gl;il> kpUjq;fk;> Kl;L> efhh;> nghpa cly;> rpd;d cly;>

rd;d cly;> jg;G> jpkpiy> tPufz;b> Nrfz;b> thd;fh
jf;if> jhsk;> gpuk;kjhsk;> ifj;jhsk;> Fopj;jhsk; kzp>
ifkzp> nfhj;Jkzp> Nrkf;fyk;> fpbfpl;b> tPiz> nfj;J
vd ,t;thW topghl;by; ,lk;ngWk; ,irf;fUtpfs gy
cz;L vdTk;> fpuhk Njtijfspd; topghl;by; cLf;if
gk;ig>

ifr;rpyk;G33

KjypadTk;

czh;j;Jfpwhh;.
42

,lk;ngWk;

vd

gy;ypak:;
gytpj

,irf;fUtpfspd;

$l;nlhypahf

,irf;fg;gLtJ gy;ypak; MFk;. gy;ypak; ngUfp ,irg;gJ

nghq;fpak;

MFk;.

,dpik

kpf;fJ

,d;dpak;

vd;Wk;

Fwpg;gpLth; jkpoh; ngUkf;fs;.

Mq;fpyj;jpy;

orchestra vd;W

Fwpg;gpLtJ

gy;ypak; vdg;gLk;.34 rpyk;gpy; gy;ypak; ,uz;L ,lq;fspy;

,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. ,jid rpyk;gpy;

ghy;nfO rpwg;gpd; gy;ypak;

(rpyk;G 13:140)
ghL ghzpah; gy;ypaj; Njhypah;
(rpyk;G 26:227)
vd;w GwQ;NrhpapWj;jf; fhij> fhy;Nfhl; fhijapd; mbfs;
,ak;Gk;.

43

njhFg;Giu:
caph;fSf;F

,d;gk;

gag;gJ

,irahFk;.

,iria vOg;gf; $ba fUtpfis ,irf; fUtpfs; vd

miof;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
.

,irf;fUtpfis

euk;Gf;fUtp>

fQ;rf;fUtp

Njhw;fUtp>
kw;Wk;

Jisf;fUtp>

kplw;Wf;fUtp

vd

tifgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Njhw;fUtpahf jz;Zik> KuR> KoT> giw>
Jb> fpiz> Mke;jphpif> Jisf;fUtpahf Foy;> rq;F>
nfhk;G>

euk;Gf;fUtpahf

ghz;by;>

kw;Wk;

aho;>

tPiz>

kplw;Wf;fUtp

fQ;rf;fUtpahf
vd

rpyk;gpy;

,lk;ngw;Ws;sf; fUtpfis njhFj;J tpsf;fgl;Ls;sd.

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy;
fUtpfs;

,lk;ngw;Ws;sd.

,UgJ
,irf;

fhijfspy;

,irf;

fsQ;rpakhf

rpyk;G

tpsq;fpAs;sij tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,irf; fUtpfs; vt;thW gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;
vd;gJ

gw;wpAk;>

,irahrphpad;>

jz;Zikahrphpad;>

Foyhrphpad; ,ay;Gfs; gw;wpAk; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,irf;fUtpfs;
gad;glhky;

,ir

kw;iwa

,d;gj;jpw;F

kl;Lk;

NjitfSf;Fk;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Mepiufis xUq;Fg;gLj;Jtjw;F> topghLfs;>
tpohf;fs;>

Mfpaw;wpYk;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

44

,irf;fUtpfs;

rhd;nwz; tpsf;fk:;
1. fofg;Gyth;fs;> fofj;jkpo; mfuhjp> g.98
2. john simpsons and Edmond welner, illustrated oxford
dictionary, p.158
3. V.vd;.ngUkhs;> jkpoh; ,ir> g.219
4. gp.vk;.Re;juk;> Mya topghl;by; ,ir
5. ngh.rh.Nyhr;rd; vd;fpw mq;faw;fz;zp> gQ;rkugpy;
,ir kuG> g.158
6. mwtdhh;> gQ;rkuG (%.c)
7. ntw;wpnry;td;> ,irapay;> g.57
8. tsh;kjp(E}.M) giw> ,izajsj;jpy; ngwg;gl;lJ.
9. fofg;Gyth;fs;> fofj;jkpo; mfuhjp> g.127
10. tp.g.fh.Re;fuk;> jkpopirf; fsQ;rpak;> ,.njh.g.125
11. NkyJ> g.283
12. F.nt.ghyRg;gpukzpad;>

GwehE}W

%yKk;

ciuAk;> g.923
13. ,sk;G+uzh;>

njhy;fhg;gpak;>

nghUsjpfhuk;>

Gwj;jpizapay; g.82
14. kJiu jkpo;Ngufuhjp> g.1186
15. F.nt.ghyRg;gpukzpad;>

GwehE}W

%yKk;

ciuAk;> g.958
16. m.Myp];> gjpw;Wg;gj;J %yKk; ciuAk;> g.123
17. G+h;zre;jpu rh];jphpahh;>

#shkzp g.25

18. GypA+h;Nfrpfd;> kzpNkfiy g:56

19. ng.Rg;gpukzpad;> ghpghly; %yKk; ciuAk;> g.78
20. NkyJ> g.54
21. ngh.Nyhr;rd;

vd;fpw

mq;faw;fz;zp>

,irkuG> g.34
45

gQ;rkugpy;

22. m.,uhftd;> ,irAk; ahOk;> g.40

23. ngh.Nyhr;rd; vd;fpw mq;faw;fz;zp> gQ;r kugpy;
,irkuG> g.57
24. NkyJ> g.69
25. F.nt.ghyRg;gpukzpad;>

GwehE}W

%yKk;

ciuAk;> g.256
26. M.,uhftd;> ,irAk; ahOk;>g.345
27. V.vd;;.ngUkhs;> jkpoh; ,ir> g.238
28. ng.Rg;gpugkzpad;> ghpghly; %yKk; ciuAk;> g.79
29. V.vd;.ngUkhs;> jkpoh; ,ir> g.219
30. ngh.Nyhr;rd;

vd;fpw

mq;faw;fz;zp>

gQ;rkugpy;

,irkuG> g.150
31. NkyJ> g.150
32. gp.vk;.Re;juk;> Mya topghl;by; ,ir
33. NkyJ
34. ,uh.fiythzp> rq;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ,ir> g.261

46

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; Nghh;f; fUtpfs;

goe;jkpoh;fs;
miye;J

Kjd;

jphpe;j

ghJfhg;gpw;fhfTk;

NghJ

Kjypy;
jq;fsJ

gy;NtW

ehNlhbfshf
czTf;fhfTk;>

fUtpfisg;

gad;gLj;jp

te;jdh;. gpd;G fhyf; Nghf;fpy; mf;fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;jp

jk;

gifth;fspd;

tPuh;fis

kPJ

mopf;fTk;>

jk;ikj;

jw;fhj;J

ngUf;fTk;

Nghh;

njhLf;fTk;>

jk;kPJ

Nghh;

nfhs;sTk;>

gytpjkhd

gad;gLj;jpAs;sdh;.

ehl;L

njhLf;Fk;

NghJ

ehl;L

Nghh;

,g;Nghh;f;

mikag;ngw;Ws;sij

jd;

gif

vy;iyg;

fUtpfisg;

fUtpfs;

tpsf;FtNj

rpyk;gpy;
,t;tpaypd;

Nehf;fkhFk;.

Nghh:;
Nghh; vd;gJ tPuj;ij fhl;Lk; tifapy; epfof;
jkpoh;fs;

$baJ.

mf;fhyj;Nj

xj;j

gilAk;

cilathplk; rz;ilapLjiyNa Nghh;1 vdf; nfhz;ldh;.

xUtid nahUtd LjYe; njhiyjYk;

GJt jd;wpt;

Tyfj; jpaw;if2
(Gwk; 76:1-2)

vDk;

GwehD}w;wbfs;.

xUtiu
Mf;fKk;>

xUth;

,t;Tyfj;jpy;

jhf;FjYk;>

capUk;

mjdhy;

clikAk;>
47

Nghh;

Gjpajd;W>

md;Gk;>

muZk;>

,Ujug;gpYk;

xUq;Nf

njhiyjYk; GJtd;W> ,t;TYfj;J ,aw;if vd tpsf;fp

epw;fpd;wd.
Nghhh;

,tw;why;

kdpj

goq;fhyk;

,dj;jpd;

Kjy;

Kf;fpa

,f;fhyk;

gpur;ridahf

tiu
,Ue;J

tUfpwJ vd;gJ tpsq;Fk;.

gilf;fy tiffs;:
gilf;fyk; jhid fLKs; Rjdk;

gilNa Jg;G fOKs; Vjp3

vd;W Nre;jd; jpthfuKk;>
jhid gilNa gilf;fyq;fUtp

na/ fpitahAjk; NtYkpak;Gth;4

vd;W

gpq;fy

epfz;Lk;>

MAjq;fspd;

ngah;fis

njhFj;Jiuf;fpd;wd.
gz;ilfhy

gilf;fsg;

Nghh;f;fUtpfis

gad;gLj;Jk; Kiwfis itj;J> va;jw; fUtpfshf Nty;

<l;b. kw;Wk; Fe;jKk;> Row;Wf;fUtpfshf ths;> kw;Wk;
kOtpidAk;> jw;fhg;Gf; fUtpfshf ftrk;> Nflaj;ijAk;>
muz;

fhg;Gf;

tifg;gLj;j
rpyg;gjpfhu

fUtpfshf
KbAk;.

top

vOtp

,t;tifg;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;l

kw;Wk;

rPg;igAk;

Nghh;f;

fUtpfs;

El;gj;ij

tpsf;f

KbfpwJ.

va;jw; fUtp:
va;jy; vd;gJ Xh; ,yf;if Nehf;fp fUtp
va;ag;gLtjhy;
Nghhpy;

Nghh;

va;jw;
tPuh;fs;

fUtpahf
epd;w
48

nghUs;

,lj;jpypUe;Nj

nfhs;sg;gLk;.
njhiytpy;

cs;s

gifthpd;

jhf;fTk;>

capiug;

mopf;fTk;>

gwpf;fTk;>

tpy;Yk;>

xU

nghUisj;

mk;Gk;

Kjd;ikf;

fUtpfshf gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.

tpy;-mk;G:
%q;fpw; Nfhypd; xU jiyapy; ,Uk;ghy;
,iy

Kjypa

tbtq;fspw;

nra;ag;gl;l

cWg;gpide;

nrUfpaNj mk;ghFk;5 vd;W jw;ffhyj; jkpo;g; ngaufuhjp

Fwpg;gpLk;.
tpy;yhFk;.

,t;tk;gpid
,J

va;tjw;Fg;

fhk;gpd;

gad;gLk;

,UKidisAk;

rhjdk;
tisj;J

fapw;why; fl;bajhf mike;jpUf;Fk;.

tpy;ypd; tiffs:;
rpiy jhD NtZ fhh;Kfk; rhgk;

KdpNa rhh;q;fk; rhursk; gpdhfk;

Nfhjz;lk; jth; nfhLkuk; JNuhzk;
thh;tpy; nyd;gkjp E}w; Gyth;6
vd;W tpy;ypd; ngah;fis Nre;jd; jpthfuKk;>
gjb Kdp rpe;Jthuk; ruhsk;

jth; NtZ rhuq;fK khFk;7

vd;W

gpq;fy

epfz;Lk;

njhFj;Jiuf;fpd;wd.

,tw;Ws;

rpiy> tpy; vd;w nrhw;fNs rpyk;gpy; gapd;W te;Js;sd.

49

rpiy:
rpiy vd;gjw;F Kof;fk;8 vd;W nghUs;.
rpiyj;jy;

vd;gJ

tisj;jy;

vd;gijf;

Fwpf;Fk;.

rpy;+[=rpiy> rpy; vdpy; rpy> cUis> rpy;Y+[> rpy;Y

vdpy;
cUis

rf;fuk;>
Xj;j

Jz;L

nghUs;gLk.;9

vd;Dk;

tbTilaij

tise;J

MfNt

ehNzw;wp

mk;G

va;Ak; NghJ Koq;Fk; tiy; rpiy vdyhk;. ,r;rpiy

vd;w nrhy;yhl;rp rpyg;gjpfhu Ntl;Lt thpapy; tpy;ypw;F
,izahf gad;gLj;jpAs;sdh;.

tpy;ypw;F rpwg;G:
Nghh;

fUtpfspy;

Kjd;ikahdJ

tpy;.

kd;dd; ngUk;ghYk; tpw;gil> Ntw;gil> thl;gil> kw;gil

Kjypa

ehy;tifg;

giliaNa

ngw;wpUe;jhd;.

tpw;gilapy; ifNjh;e;j tPuu;fs; Njh;e;j tpy;ypfs;10 vd;W

ngah; ngw;W ,Ue;jdh;. ,t;tpy;ypid

Nru kd;dh;fs;

Fytpj;ijahfNt nfhz;bUe;jjhy; jd; ehl;Lf; nfhbapy;

tbtj;ijNa rpd;dkhff; nfhz;bUe;jdh; vd;gij rpyk;gpy;
NrAah; tpy;nfhb nrq;Nfhy; Nte;Nj
(rpyk;G 26:45)
vd;w mb tpsf;Fk;.
gifth;fis tpiue;J jhf;ff;$ba tpy;nyd
rpyk;gpy;

tistpw;

nghwpia

,j;jifa rpwg;G ngw;wJ.

50

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

tpy;

mk;G:
mk;G
mg;gpf;

va;jTld;

nfhs;tjhy;

,yf;F

,g;ngah;

Nehf;fpr;

nrd;W
mk;gpd;

ngw;Ws;sJ.

,wif cLntdYk; cz;L. mk;gpid mb> Fij> Gq;fk;>

vdf;

Fwpj;jYKz;L11

fhf;fTk;>

muiz

,t;tk;gpid
mopf;fTk;>

ehl;bd;

vy;iyf;

ahidfis

va;J

mopf;fTk;> muz; fhf;fTk; gad;gLj;jpAs;sdh;.

mk;gpd; tiffs;:
gfop thsp tz;L ghzk;

fjpuk; gy;yk; fizf;Nfhy; runkhL

tz;L gj;jpuk; rPypKfk; trpfk;
mk;gpd; ngah; cUthfYk; chpj;Nj12
vdg;

gpq;fy

epfz;L

njhFj;Jiuf;fpd;wd.
Nfhy;>

mk;G>

mk;gpd;

,tw;Ws;

Gij(mk;Gf;$L)

tiffisj;

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy;

fiz>

vd;w

gapd;W

nrhw;fNs

te;Js;sd.

fiz:
fiz
fizf;fhy;

vd;gJ

Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.

vd;gJ

jpul;rp

jpuz;lfhy;

MfNt

vd;W

jpuz;l

fizahFk;.

fizfspd;

nra;ag;ngw;wJ.

tpiue;J

nrd;W

vd;W

nghUs;

ciuahrphpah;13

gpbAila

jiyfs;
jhf;f$baJ

mk;G
,Uk;ghy;
MFk;.

rpyk;gpy; va;fiz vDk; nrhy;ypy; Kd;dilAld; fiz

Fwpf;fg;ngWfpwJ.,jid>
51

va;fiz fpopj;j gfl;nlopy; mfKk;

(rpyk;G 28:13)
vd;w mbapd; %yk; giftuJ mk;Gfs; Jisj;J tPuh;fs;
tpOg;Gz; gl;bUe;jijAk; czuyhk;.
,f;fiz nghUfspw;wpd; NkypUf;Fk; kwyp
md;d

kd;dd;

khh;gpYs;s

Gyepwf;

ftrk;

rpijAkhW

va;tw;F va;fiz gad; ngw;wJ. NkYk; ahidfisj;

njhiyf;fTk; gad;gLj;jgl;Ls;sij Rl;Lk;.

Nfhy:;
fhk;G

ePz;l

Nfhy;

mk;gpidf;

vd;W

Fwpj;Js;sdh;. Nfhy; vd;w fUtp rpyg;gjpfhu milf;fyf;

fhijapy; kl;LNk ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. ,jidNa thh;Nfhy;
nfhLkuk;14
nfhL

kuj;ijf;

tpy;yhdJ
MFk;.

GwehD}W

Rl;Lk;.

Fwpf;f

tise;J

Mk;kuk;

,jdhy;

Ntz;Lk;.

nfhLf;ff;

mk;ig

$ba

ngUk;ghYk;

Nfhy;
kuk;

%q;fpypy;

vd;gJ

va;Ak;NghJ
nfhLkuk;
mikf;fg;

ngWtjhy; %q;fpiyf; Fwpg;gjhfTk; nfhs;s KbAk;.

vwpjw; fUtp:
Nghh; tPuh;fs; gy;NtW Nghh;f; fUtpfisg;
gad;gLj;jpAs;sdh;.

mtw;Ws;

vwpjw;

fUtpahf

Nty;

tpsq;FfpwJ.

Nty:;
Nghh;
fUtpahFk;.

fUtpfspy;

kd;ddpd;

ehy;tifg;

gilAk; xd;W. ,t;Ntypid

52

Nty;

jiyahaf;

gilfSs;

Ntw;

Fkuf; flTs; KUfNdhL

,izj;J

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy;

,lk;ngw;Ws;sjd;

%yk;

NtypdJ rpwg;gpid>

#h;kh jbj;j Rlh; ,iynts; NtNy

(rpyk;G 24:50)
kzptpRk;gpd; Nfhy;Vj;j khwl;l nts;NtNy
(rpyk;G 24:54)
FUFngah;f; Fd;wk; nfhd;w neLNtNy
(rpyk;G 24:586)
vd;w mbfshy; mwpaKbfpwJ.
Ntypd;

NtW

ngah;fshf

epfz;Lfs;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. mit>
rj;jp v/fk; clk;gpb Fe;jk;

tpl;NlW muzk; Qhq;fs; mapy; Nty;15

vd;W

gy;NtW

tiffshf

Nre;jd;

jpthfuk;

tifg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,tw;Ws; Nty;> Fe;jk; nrhw;fNs

rpyk;gpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
Nghhpy; gifth;fis tUe;jpf; nfhy;yTk;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. Nghhpy; tPuh;fSf;F giftPuu;fshy;
tpOg;Gz;gl;lij rpyk;gpy;>

ePs;Nty; fpopj;j neLk;Gz; MfkKk;

(rpyk;G 28:12)

53

vd;w

mb

Rl;Lk;.

NkYk;

gha;e;J

nry;Yk;

Fjpiuapd;

NkypUe;J gifthpd; kPJ vwpaTk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Row;Wf; fUtp:
Nghh;fspy;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;l

Row;Wf; fUtpAk; xd;whFk; ,t;tifapy;

fUtp

mlq;Fk;.

,t;thspid

fUtpfspy;
ths; vd;Dk;

giltPuh;fs;

mUfUNf

,Ue;J gad;gLj;jpAs;sdh;. ,jid mZf;f Nghh;f; fUtp

vd;Wk; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

ths:;
Nghhpy;
fUtpfSs;
ntl;b
thspid

gad;gLj;jg;

ngw;w

Mw;wy;

kpF

ths;

rpwg;gplk;

ngw;Ws;sJ.

gifth;fis

tPo;j;jTk;>

tPuj;jpd;

ngUikia

kpFtpf;fTk;

gad;gLj;jp

Nghhpl;Ls;sdh;.

xU

kd;ddpd;

ntz;nfhw;wf; Fil tPo;e;J tpl;lhy; Njhy;tp vd;Wk;> tPoh

tpl;lhy; ntw;wp vd;W fUJtJ Nghhpay; kughFk;. mj;jF
jd;ikAila ntz;nfhw;wf; Filf;F ,izahf thisf;
$Wtjhy; thspd; Kf;fpaj;ij czuKbAk;. njhy;fhg;gpa
Gwj;jpizapaypy;>
FilAk; thSk; ehs;Nfhs; md;wp

kilaik Vzpkpir kaf;fKq;16

vd;W Fwpg;gpLk;. ,jidNa rpyk;gpy;>

vOr;rpg; ghiy Mf vd;W Vj;j

kPsh ntd;wp Nte;jd; NfhL

54

thSk; FilAk; tljpirg;ngah;f;f

(rpyk;G 26:31-33)
vd;w mbfs; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. ,jpy; thNshLk;> FilNahLk;
gil

Nghh;

Ghptjw;F

Fwpg;gplg;gLtjhy;

vOe;Js;sJ

Nghh;j;

vd;gJ

njhopYf;F

thisg;

gad;gLj;jpaik ntspg;gLfpd;wJ.
Ntl;Lthpd;
nfhw;witAk;

topghL

flTfshfpa

Rlh;tPRk; ntw;wp kpf;f thspid

ifapy;

gpbj;Js;sij rpyk;G>

tyk;gL nfhw;wj;J tha;thl; nfhw;wit

(rpyk;G 12:64)
vd;w mb njspTgLj;Jk;.
Nghhpy;
khh;gpYk;>

GwKJfpl;L

Kfj;jpYk;

Xlhky;

gifthpdhy;

tpOg;Gz;gLtijNa

tPuh;fs;

tpUk;gpAs;sdh;. ,jid>

itths; fpopj;j kzpg;Gz; khh;gfKk;

(rpyk;G 28:14)
vd rpyk;G Rl;LfpwJ. giftPuh;fisj; jd; thshy; ntl;b
tPo;j;jpa

gpd;

Vw;gl;l

ntw;wp

ngUf;fpy;

kd;dd;

jd;

giltPuh;fSf;F gy ghpRg;nghUs;; toq;FtNjhL thisAk;

rpwg;ig czh;j;JfpwJ. ,jid rpyk;gpd;

$h;EidthUk; Nfhkhd; nfhLj;j

(rpyk;G 14:129)

55

vd;w mb tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.

thspd; tiffs;:
thspd;

tiffshf

<h;ths;>

nfhLths;>

cilths;> mhpAk; thisAk; mhpths;> rpWths;> KRz;b>

Fak;> Gs;spdk;> ifths;> fz;lk;17 vd;gdtw;iwg; gpq;fy
epfz;L $WfpwJ. ,tw;wpy; rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; ,lk;ngWtd
cilths;> <h;thshFk;.

cilths;:
cilAld;

ths;

mzpag;

ngw;Ws;sjhy;

cilths; vdg; ngah; ngw;Ws;sJ. rpyk;gpy;>

cilths; cUt ciwif thq;f

(rpyk;G 16:196)
vDk; njhluhy; thSk; ciw cz;L vd;gJk;> ciwia
ifapy; gpbj;Jf; nfhz;L ciwthis cUtpdh; vd;gJ
tpsq;Fk;.

thspidg;

ghJfhg;ghf

itj;J

nfhs;tjw;F

ciwfisg; gad;gLj;jpAs;sdh;.

<h;ths:;
Ntjpdk;> fugj;jpuk;> ,iyaPh; ths;18 vd;W
<h;ths; ngah;fis Nre;jd; jpthfhfKk;> gpq;fy epfz;Lk;
vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. Kjpa Mz; Xe;jpapd; KJF Nghy;
<h;ths; ,Uf;Fk;.19 ,J Xe;jpapd; KJFNghy; tise;J
<h;f;F

Nghy;

thspd;

$hpa

gFjp

rpW

rpW

gpsTgl;bUe;jikahy; ,g;ngah; ngw;wJ. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy;

kJiu

efu;

fil

tPjpfspy;
56

Ntjpdj;Jg;G

vdg;gLk;

<h;ths;

tpw;fg;gl;ljd;

%yk;

,f;fUtp

gad;gl;Ls;sij

czuKbAk;.

jw;fhg;Gf; fUtp:
Nghh;f; fUtpfspy;
jq;fsJ

clk;gpy;

nfhs;sTk;>

fhak;

kiwe;Jf;

gifth;fspd;

Vw;glhjthW

nfhs;sTk;

jhf;Fjy;

ghJfhj;Jf;

gad;gLk;

fUtpNa

jw;fhg;Gf; fUtpahFk;.
jw;fhg;Gf; fUtpapd; tiffs;:
muzk; rhypif Mf guzk;

ftrk; fz;lk; nka;Aiw jg;gk;

firNa Rhpif nka;GF fUtp
ghuKk; guKk; mg;ngah;ghy20
vd;Dk; Nre;jd; jpthfu E}w;gh ftrj;jpd; ngah;fisNa
vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd.

,tw;Ws;

ftrk;

kl;LNk

rpyk;gpy;

,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ.

ftrk;:
goq;fhy
xUtiff;

fUtpNa

kdpjd;
ftrk;.

gad;gLj;jpa
gifth;

fUtpfSs;

jd;kPJ

jhf;Fjy;

epfo;j;Jk; NghJ clk;ig ghJfhf;f ,Uk;G ciwfshy;

kiwj;Jf; nfhs;sg; gad;gLj;Jk; fUtpf;F ftrk; vd;W
ngah;.

,f;ftrk;

tPjpfspy;

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd;

nka;GF

ftrk;

vd

,f;fUtp gad;gl;Ls;sij czh;j;Jk;.

57

kJiu

efuf;

tpw;fgl;ljd;

fil
%yk;

Nflak;:
Nflak;

Njhy;

vd;Wk;

gyif

vd;Wk;

Fwpf;fg; ngWk;. Njhy; vd;gJ fhpa epwKilaJ. Nflak;

vd;gJ Nghhpd; NghJ vjphpapd; ths;> Nty;> Nghd;wit
jd;kJ
P
jhf;Fjy; ,Uf;f Ntz;bf; ifapy; Ve;jpa kuk;
my;yJ

cNyhfj;jhy;

rhjdk;21

Md

vd;gh;.

ghJfhg;Gj;jl;L

,f;fUtp

tbtr;

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy;

,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. njhy;fhg;gpa copifj;jpiz E}w;gh>

njhy;nyapw; wpth;jYe; NjhyJ ngUf;fKk;22

(njhy; 1013:37)
vd;Dk;

njhluhy;

gz;ilf;

fhyj;jpy;

Njhw;gil

kpFe;jpUe;jij czh;j;Jk;.

muz;fhg;Gf; fUtpfs:;
gz;ilf; fhyj;jpy; muZk;> muz;kidfSk;
ntw;wpf; nfhbfisAila ahidfs; nry;tjw;F Vw;wthW
cah;e;j thapy;fisf; nfhz;bUe;jd. mt;thapw; fjtpd;
topahfg; gifth;fs; tuhky; gad;gLj;jpdh;. mtw;Ws; vO>
rPgG
; > [atp> vd;gd Fwpg;gplj;jf;fdthFk;. rpyk;gpy; vO>
rPgG
; >

kw;Wk;

[atp

gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sij

gpd;tUk;

gFjpfs; %yk; tpsf;fk; ngWfpd;wd.

vO:

Fwpg;gpLk;;.

vOtpid

,yf;fpak;

,t;ntO

kjpiyf;

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd;

fizkuk;
fhf;Fk;

milf;fyf;fhijapy;

fUtpahf

,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ.

vO-fizkuk;23 vd;Nw Fwpf;fg; ngw;Ws;sJ.

58

vd;W

vOkuk;

fhf;Fk;

jhs;>

kjpw;

fjtk;

vO

mikj;jjpd;

epiyf;

fjT24 vDk; njhlh;fs; Nfhl;il kjpy; fhf;Fk; vOitf;

Fwpf;fpd;wd.

,tw;why;

kjpypd;

epyj;jpypUe;J

Nfhl;ilf;

fjtpd;

vOe;J epw;Fk; tYTila

cs;thapw;
cr;rp

tiu

Gwj;Nj
cah;e;J

kuk; vO vd;gJ tpsf;Fk;.

rPg;G:
rPgG
;

vd;gJ

fjtpd;

jho;.

fjTf;F

typahf cs;thapw; gbapy; epyj;Nj tpo tpLk;kuk;25 vd;W

nghUSiug;gh;.
milf;fyf;

rPgG
;

rpyk;gpy;

fhijapy;

muz;

fhg;Gf;

gad;ghl;by;

fUtpahf
,Ue;jJ

Fwpg;gpljf;fJ.
GwehD}w;wpy; VzpAk; rPg;Gk; khw;wp vDk;
njhlUf;F tpsf;fk; $Wkplj;J kjpy; Nfhlw; NfzpAk;>
kjpy; thapiyf; fhj;jw;Fr; rPg;Gk; fUtpfshk;> rPg;ngd;wJ
cs;thapypy; fjTf;F typahf epyj;Njtpo ,Lkuk; vd;ghh;
mbahh;f;F ey;yhh; vd ciug;ghh;26 xsit R.Jiur;rhkp.
,jpypUe;J

fjTf;F

tYTl;l

epye;Njha

mikf;fg;gl;l

jho;g;ghs; rPgG
; vd;gJ tpsq;Fk;.

[atp:
[atp

vd;Dk;

fUtpAk;

muz;

fhg;Gf;

fUtpahf gad;gLj;jg; ngw;Ws;sJ. rpyk;gpd; milf;fyf;

fhijapy; [atp vd;w ,f;fUtp ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,jid
kd;dd; thapw; fhtYf;F gad;gLj;jpAs;sdh;. GwehE}w;wpy;>
G+zh [atp J}f;fpa kjpy

Xq;F epiy thapy;

59

J}q;FG jifj;jtpy;ypirkhl;ba tpOr;rPh;

[atp27
(Gwk; 269)
vd;w

mbfs;

tpsf;Fk;.

,jdhy;

thapy;

fjTfisj;

jhz;b mZfhjpUf;f [atp gad;gLj;jgl;Ls;sJ vd;gJ

tpsq;Fk;.

60

njhFg;Giu:
Nghh;
epfof;$aJ.

vd;gJ

tPuj;ijf;

,g;Nghh;f;F

fhl;Ltjw;fhf

gad;gLj;jf;$ba

fUtpfis

vapjw; fUtp> vwpjw; fUtp> Row;Wjw; fUtp> jw;fhg;Gf;

fUtp>

kw;Wk;

muz;fhg;Gf;

fUtpfshf

tifgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ
.

vapjw; fUtpahf tpy;-mk;G> vwpjw; fUtpahf

Nty;>

Row;Wjw;

fUtpahf

ths;>

jw;fhg;Gf;

fUtpahf

ftrk;> Nflak;> kw;Wk; muz;fhg;Gf; fUtpahf vO> [atp>

rPgG
; >

vd

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy;

,lk;ngw;Ws;sf;

fUtpfis

gFj;J tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
tpy;-mk;G

Nghhpy;

jhf;fgl;L

tpOg;Gz;gLtijNa Nghh; tPuh;fs; tpUk;gpAs;sdh; vd;gij

czuKbAk;.
Nty;
Nghhpy;

Nghhpy;

gifth;fis

Kjd;ikahf
nfhy;yTk;>

fUjg;gl;Ls;sJ.
NkYk;

gha;e;J

Fjpiuapd; NkypUe;J vwpaTk; Nty; gad;gLj;jg;glLs;sJ.

Nghh; fsj;jpy; Nghh; tPud; jd;idg; ghJfhj;Jf;
nfhs;sTk;>

Nghh;

gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

GhpaTk;>
epfz;L

Nghh;
E}y;fs;

ths;
thspd;

ngah;fisg; gy;NtW tiffshfj; njhFj;Jiuf;fpd;wd.

Nghh; tPuh;fs; jw;fhj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; fUtpahf
jw;fhg;G
$ba

fUtpfis
fUtpahf

gad;gLj;jpAs;sJk;>
muz;fhf;Fk;

gad;gLj;jpAs;sJk; gjpthfpAs;sd.

61

thapw;fhf;ff;
fUtpfis

rhd;nwz; tpsf;fk;

1. mhpkj;jnjd;dfd;> GwehD}W fhl;Lk; GJikfs;> g.40

2. F.nt.ghyRg;gpukzpad;

(c.M)>

GwehD}W

%yKk;

ciuAk;> g.148
3. jpthfu Kdpth;> Nre;jd; jpthfuk;> g.137
4. gpq;fy epfz;L> gh.1535
5. jw;fhyj;jpy; jkpo;g; Ngufuhjp> g.967
6. jpthfu Kdpth;> Nre;jd; jpthfuk;> g.137
7. gpq;fy epfz;L> gh.1535
8. e.rp.fe;jrhkpg; gps;is> nre;jkpo; mfuhjp> g.128
9. NkyJ> g.128
10. gh.,iwauR> jkpoh; ehfhpf tuyhW> g.14
11. gpq;fy epfz;L> gh.1539
jpthfu Kdpth;> Nre;jd; jpthfuk;> g.138
12. jpthfu Kdpth;> Nre;jd; jpthfuk;> g.138
13. gpq;fy epfz;L> gh.1539
14. xsit.Jiurhkpg;

gps;is>

GwehD}W

%yKk;

ciuAk;> g.117
15. F.nt.ghyRg;gukzpad;> GwehD}W %yKk; ciuAk;>
g.121
16. jpthfu Kdpth;> Nre;jd; jpthfuk;> g.139
62

17. ,sk;G+uzh;>

njhy;fhg;gpak;>

nghUsjpfhuk;>

Gwj;jpizapay;> g.112
18. gpq;fy epfz;L> gh.1556>1557>1558
19. jpthfu Kdpth;> Nre;jd; jpthfuk;> g.139
20.ngh.Nt.NrhkRe;judhh;>

FWw;njhif

ciuAk;>g.108
21.jpthfu Kdpth;> Nre;jd; jpthfuk;> g.141
22.jq;f fe;jrhkp> Nghhpay; md;Wk; ,d;Wk;> g.165
23.,sk;G+uzh;>njhy;fhg;gpak;>nghUsjpfhuk;>
Gwj;jpizapay;

g.108

24.F.nt.ghyRg;gpukzpad;>GwehD}W %yKk;
ciuAk;> g.197
25.v.i.subramanian, index of puranaanuru, p.155
26.e.rp.fe;jrhkpg; gps;is> nre;jkpo; mfuhjp> g.290
27.xsit.R.Jiurhkpg;gps;is>GwehD}W %yKk;
ciuAk;> g.209

63

%yKk;

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; njhopw; fUtpfs;

kf;fspd;
njhlh;GilaJ

njhopy;.

tho;tpaNyhL

,j;njhopiy

neUq;fpa

kf;fs;

<l;Ltjw;F kl;LNk gad;gLj;jpAs;sdh;. kf;fs;

njhopyhf

tptrhaj;ij

kl;Lk;

nghUs;
jq;fsJ

nfhs;shky;

gpw

njhopy;fisAk; Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sdh;. kdpjdJ gpwg;G Kjy;

,wg;G tiu gy;NtW njhopy;fs; Nkw;nfhz;L ,Ue;jhYk;
njhopYf;F Vw;wthW fUtpfis gad;gLj;jp te;Js;sdh;.
kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l njhopw; fUtpfs; midj;Jk;
kf;fsJ

njhopy;fSf;F

gad;ghl;bd;

gad;gLtjhfNt

mbg;gilapy;

jhd;

mikfpd;wd.

xt;nthU

fUtpAk;

Njhw;wk; ngw;W tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. gz;ila fhyj;jpy; kf;fs;

gy;NtW njhopy;fis Nkw;nfhz;L ,Ue;jhYk; fUtpfs;
top

njhopiy

nra;J

te;Js;sdh;

vd;gijg;

gw;wp

tpsf;FtNj ,t;tpaypd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

njhopy;:
cly;
Kjd;ikahdJ.

ciog;Ng

rKjha

tho;tpaypd;

njhopYf;F
gy

$Wfspy;

njhopy; xd;W. njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy;>

tpidNa Mlth;f;F capNu1
vd;w

E}w;ghtpd;

czh;j;JfpwJ.
ftz;fy;>

top

njhopw;

mk;gp>

njhopypd;
fUtpahf

jpkpy;>

,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ.

64

Foy;>

Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij
rpyk;gpy;
CJ

fyg;ig>
ciy

Ntshz;ik:
kdpjd;
czT>

cil>

caph;

ciwAs;>

tho;tjw;F

Mfpa

%d;wDs;

Kjyplk;

nfhLj;jpUg;gjpypUe;Nj

kfj;Jtj;ij

mwpa

njhopy;

my;yJ

Kbfpd;wJ.

gaph;j;njhopy;

Njitahd
czTf;F

Ntshz;ikapd;

,j;njhopiy
vd;W

coTj;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;.

coTj; njhopy; nra;af;$ba coth;fis Ntshz; khe;jh;

vd;Nw mf;fhyf; fl;lj;jpy; mioj;J te;Js;sdh;. ,jid
njhy;fhg;gpak;>
Ntshz; khe;jh;f; FOJ} zy;yJ
,y;nyd nkhopg gpwtif epfo;r;rp2
(njhy; kugp:625)
vd;w E}w;ghtpd; top czh;j;JfpwJ. Ntshz;ik njhopy;
nra;tjw;F gy;NtW tifahd fUtpfs; NjitgLfpd;wd.
,d;W

kf;fs;

gz;ghl;NlhLk;

xw;WikNahLk;>
gof;f

grpgl;bdpapd;wp

tof;fq;NshLk;

tho;tjw;F

Ntshz;ikNa Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;fpwJ.

Ntshz;ikj;

njhopy;

fUtpfshfpa

ehQ;rpy;> jsk;G> Mk;gp> fpohh;> Jsh;> jl;il> Fsph;> joy;>

tpy;yk;G>

ftz;fy;>

Nty;>

nQfpop>

mlhh;>

FUe;jb>

njhz;lfg; giw> jz;Zik> Fak;> ths;> fUk;G muit

,ae;jpuk;

Mfpatw;iwg;

gw;wpa

fhyj;jpy;

fhzg;ngWfpd;wd.

Fwpg;Gfs;

rpyk;gpy;

gz;ila

,lk;ngw;Ws;s

Ntshz;ikf; fUtpfs; fyg;ig> ftz;fy; vd;w fUtpfs;

kl;LNk gapd;W te;Js;sd.

65

fyg;ig:
epyj;ij
gad;gl;l

fUtp

cOJ

fyg;igahFk;.

gz;gLj;Jtjw;Fg;

,f;fyg;igahdJ

NkL

gs;skhd epyj;ij rkjskhfTk;> fbdkhd epyg;gFjpia

gaph; nra;tjw;Fk; Vw;w epykhf khw;w cjTfpwJ.
fyg;ig vd;gjw;F ehQ;rpy;> Vh;> cOgilf;
fUtp

vdg;

gy

ngah;fspYk;

miog;gJ

tof;fk;.

gz;nzLq; fhykhf kf;fsJ tho;tpYk;> gz;ghl;L gof;f

tof;fq;fspYk;

ePq;fh

,lj;ijg;

ngw;Wj;

jpfo;tJ

Vh;

fyg;ig MFk;. rpyk;gpy; Vh;> ehQ;rpy; vd;w nrhy;yhl;rp

,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. coth;fs; vUjpid itj;J epyj;jpid
cOJs;sdh;. cOnjhopiy Nkw;nfhz;lth;fs; coth;fNs
Mth;. ,jid>

njhLg;G Vh; coth; Xijg;ghzpAk;

(rpyk;G 27:230)
vd;w mb tpsf;FfpwJ. gifth;fs; kPJ Nghh; njhLj;J
ntw;wp fz;l gpd; gifthpd; tuF tpijj;j epyj;jpid
fOij Vh; G+l;b kd;dd; cor;nra;J cOgilf; fUtpahf
gad;gLj;jpAs;sdh; vd;gij>

tljpir kd;dh; kd;ndapd; KUf;fpf;

ftb tpj;jpa fOijNah; cotd;
(rpyk;G 27:225-226)
vd;w

mbfs;

tpsf;Fk;.

coth;fs;

ehw;WeLk;

NghJk;>

tpij tpijf;Fk; NghJk;> epyj;jpid cOjypd; NghJk;>

66

xypfis

vOg;gp

ghbf;

nfhz;Nl

Ntshz;ik

njhopy;

nra;Js;sij rpyk;gpy;>

fthpr; nre;ney; fha;j; jiyr;nrhhpaf;

fUq;if tpidVUk; fskUk; $b
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VnuhL epd;Nwhh; Vh; kq;fyKk;

(rpyk;G 10:124-135)
vd;w mbfs; Rl;Lk;. mfehE}w;wpy;>
ehL mwk; $u ehQ;rpy; JQ;r3
(mfk; 61:2)
vd;w

mbfs;

%yk;

kio

nga;ahJ

ngha;j;jikahy;>

ehl;by; tWik kpFe;jJ. ,jdhy; fyg;igfs; njhopyw;W

Nghaij czu KbfpwJ. rpyk;gpy; ehQ;rpy; vd;w nrhy;
mow;gL fhijapy; ,lk;ngWtij>

ehQ;rpYk; JyhKk; Ve;jpa ifapdd;

(rpyk;G 22:66)
ehQ;rpy; mk;gilAk; tha;e;Jiw JyhKd;
(rpyk;G 22:80)
vd;w mbfs; %yk; tpsf;Ffpd;wd.
67

ftz;fy;:
fapw;wpy; fl;lg; ngw;w gl;ilahd Njhypd;
eLg;gFjpapy;
gwitfs;>

fy;

itj;Jg;

tpyq;Ffis

gaph;fisf;

tpul;lr;

nfhj;Jk;

Row;wp

vwpAk;

rpWfUtpahFk;. ,f;fUtpia rpyk;gpy;>

miktpid Njwy; khe;jpa fhdtd;

ftz;$L GilA+cf; fhty; iftpl
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Fwj;jpah; ghba FwpQ;rpg; ghz;by;

(rpyk;G 27:216-224)
vd;w mbfs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ,jid>
Vdy; fhtyh; ftndhyp ntupf;ff;

Fhdahid iftpL gRq;fio4

(FWe; 121:5)
vd;w Few;njhif mbfs; top mwpa KbfpwJ. ,f;ftz;
fy;iy

,d;Wk;

fhzKbfpwJ.
,jidf;
gwit

,isQh;fs;

ftl;il

fUtpia
tpyq;Ffisj;

tpy;

,d;iwa

(m)

68

cz;b

fhyj;jpYk;

vhptjw;Fk;

kf;fs; gad;gLj;jp tUfpd;wdh;.

gad;gLj;Jtijf;

nghOJ

tpy;

vd;W

Fwpjg;ghJ
Nghf;fpw;Fk;

kPd;gpbj; njhopy;:
flypy;
gPbg;gjw;F
gpbj;J

neLe;njhiyT

kuf;fyq;fis

thOk;

kidapd;

nrd;W

gad;gLj;jpAs;sdh;.
Kw;wj;jpy;

kPd;

kPd;fis

cyuitj;Js;sdh;.

rpyk;gpy; jpkpy;> mk;gp> vd;w kuf;fyq;fs; ,lk;ngWfpd;wd.

,it %d;W kPd;gpbj; njhopYf;F gad;gLfpd;wJ. Mw;iw
flf;fTk; gad;gLj;jp te;Js;sdh;.

jpkpy;:
jkpo;

ngUQ;nrhy;

mfuhjpapy;

jpkpy;

vd;Dk; nrhy;Yf;F fl;Lkuk;> fyk; kw;Wk;> fg;gy;5 vd

nghUs; czh;j;JfpwJ. ,yf;fpar; rhd;Wfisf; nfhz;L
ghh;f;Fk;

NghJ

jpkpy;

vd;Dk;

fyk;

fl;Lkuj;ijf;

Fwpg;gjhff; $Wth;. rpyk;gpy; jpkpy; vd;w nrhy; fhdy;

thpapy;>

jpq;fNsh fhzPh; jpkpy; tho;eh; rpw;W}h;f;Nf

(rpyk;G 7:10)
vd;w

mbapd; top czu KbfpwJ. kPd;gpbf;f gujth;

gad;gLj;jpAs;sij mwpa KbfpwJ.

jpkpy; vd;w nrhy; nfhLe;jpkpy;> neLe;jpkpy;>
jpz;jpkpy;>

epiujpkpy;6

vd;W

gy

milnkhopfshy;

ftbTld; ,j;jpkpy; ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij mwpa

Kbfpd;wJ. rpyk;gpy;>

69

,yq;F ePh; tiug;gpd; fyq;fiu tpsf;fKk;

tpyq;Ftiyg; gujth; kPd;jpkpy; tpsf;fKk;
(rpyk;G :141-142)
vd;w mbfs; %yk; flyplj;Nj nry;Yk; kuf;fyq;fSf;F
topfhl;Lk;

fyq;fiu

tpsf;fKk;>

kPd;gpbf;f

gujth;

jpkpypid gad;gLj;jpAs;sij czu itf;fpwJ.

mk;gp:
mk;gp

vd;Dk;

fyk;

kPd;gpbf;f

gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. mk;gpia rpyk;gpy; kPd; gpbf;fTk;>

xU ,lj;jpypUe;J ,d;ndhU ,lj;jpw;F nry;y Mw;wpid
flg;gjw;F

mk;gp

mk;gpia

gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

%d;W

tpyq;Ffspd;

rpyk;gpy;

tbtq;fspy;

,lk;ngw;Ws;sij>
ghpKf mk;gpAk; fhpKf mk;gpAk;
mhpKf mk;gpAk; mUe;Jiw ,af;Fk;
(rpyk;G 13:176-177)
vd;w mbfs; tpsf;Fk;. mk;gp vd;gJ
mlq;fhJ
fhzg;

kjk;

gpbj;J

ngw;wJ7

ngWtjpdpd;Wk;.
kPd;gpbg;gjw;F

XLfpd;w

ahidfisg;

vdg;

Gytuhy;

mk;gpapd;

tpiuTj;

tiyAld;

mk;gpapy;

,jid ew;wpidapy;>

70

ahidg; ghfDf;F
ctik
jd;ik
Vwpr;

Nghd;W
$wg;

ntspg;gLk;

nrd;Ws;sdh;.

tbfjph; jphpj;j td;Qhl; ngUtis

abf;Fuw; Gzhpg; ngstj; jpLkhh;

epiwag; nga;j tk;gp fhNohh;
rpiwaUq; fspw;wpd; gujtnuha;Aq;8
(ew;wp 74:1-4)
vd;w

ghly; mbfs; Rl;Lk;.

fhy;eilg; Ngzy;:
fhy;eilfisg; Ngzp tsh;g;gJ Ky;iy
epykf;fspd;

njhopyhFk;.

,th;fis

Mah;>

Nfhtyh;>

,ilah; vd;w gyg; ngah;fshy; miog;gh;. Mepiufis

xUq;Fg;gLj;jNt

Mah;fs;

Foypid

gad;gLj;jpAs;sdh;

vd;gij rpyk;gpy;>

fhtyd; Mepiu ePh;j;Jiw gl;,f;

Nfhtyd; CJ Foypd; ghzpAk;
(rpyk;G 27:241-242)
vd;w mbfs; Rl;Lk;. ,ilad; fhy;eilfis Nka;f;fr;
nry;Yk;

nghOJ

cwpAld;

jPf;filf;Nfhy;

Mfpa

fUtpfis ,l;Litj;j Njhw;igia xUNruf; RUf;fl;Lk;

gidNahiyg;

ghNahL

KJfpw;fl;b

vLj;Jr;

nry;thd;.

,jid>
ghzp nfhz;l gy;fjd; nky;Ywp

nQypNfww; fyg;igajhNdhL RUf;fp

71

gwpGwj; jpl;l ghndhilapila9

(ew; 142:2-4)
vd;w

mbfs;

Rl;Lk;.

Mepiufis

Nka;f;Fk;

NghJ>

Nta;Foiy gad;gLj;jpAs;sij>
-----------------------------------------,d;nwhL

Fwitg; gy;ypdk; GwTnjhW cfsf;

Foy;tha; itj;jdh; Nfhtyh;10
(mfk; 354:3-4)
vd;w mbfs; tpsf;Fk;. Mah;fs; CJk; Foyhf Nta;Foy;
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. rpyk;gpy; nfhd;iwae; jPq;Foy;> Mk;gy;Foy;>
Ky;iy

jPq;Foy;

Mfpa

%d;wpidAk;

Mah;fs;

gad;gLj;jpAs;sdh;.
Mah;

ML

Nka;f;Fk;

fhl;by;

Gjpa

topg;Nghf;fh; tUk;nghOJ vUJfspd; fOj;jpy; fl;bAs;s

%q;fpy;

FohapypUe;J

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Njf;F

,iyapy;

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-------------------------------------jPk;Gsp

Nrtpapil jPuj;Njf;fpiyg; gFf;Fk;11

(mfk; 311:10-11)
vd mfehD}w;wpd; mbfs; Rl;LfpwJ. ,tw;wpypUe;J Mah;
Fyj;jpdh; fhy;eilfisg; Ngzp tsh;g;gjid njhopyhf
nfhz;L tho;e;J te;Js;sdh; vd;gjid mwpa ,aYk;.
Kj;J Fsij;jYk;> rq;nfLj;jYk;:
72

Kj;Jr;
gFjpfisnahl;b
Fspj;jy;

tho;e;j

rpg;gpfs;
nea;jy;

njhopy;fspYk;>

epiwe;j

epy

kf;fs;

rq;nfLf;Fk;

flw;
Kj;Jf;

njhopy;fspYk;

<Lgl;Ls;sdh;. flypypUe;J fiuf;F miyfshy; mbj;J

tug;ngw;W

ntz;kzw;

gug;gpy;

mk;Kj;Jf;fs;

xspr;rpe;jpaij rpyk;gpy;>

ntz;jpiu nghUj NtiythYfhj;Jf;

Fz;LePh; milfiuf; FitapUk; Gd;id
tyk;Ghp <d;w eyk;Ghp Kj;jk;
(rpyk;G 27:242-244)
vd;w mbfs; tpsf;Fk;. ,jid>
myq;F ,jo; nea;jy; nfhw;if Kd;Jiw

,yq;F Kj;J12
([q;F 185:1-2)
------------------------------------Koq;F fly;

jpiujU Kj;jk; ntz;kzy;,ikf;Fk;13

([q;F 186:1-2)
vd;w ghlybfs; czh;j;Jfpd;wd.

thzpfj; njhopy;:
fly;
nfhzh;e;J

tzpfh;fs;

top
thzpfj;

%yk;
njhopy;

nry;tq;fis
Nkw;nfhz;L

te;Js;sdh;. fly;fspy; fpilf;Fk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gpw

73

ehLfspypUe;J kuf;fyq;fspy; %yk; tUfpd;w nry;tq;fs;

tpw;ff
; g;gl;L te;Js;sJ. ,jid rpyk;gpy;>

J}Rk; JfpUk; MuKk; mfpYk;

khRmW Kj;Jk; kzpAk; nghd;Dk;
mUq;fy ntWf;ifNahL mse;Jil
mwpah
(rpyk;G 5:18-20)
vd;w mbfs; %yk; gl;Lk;> gtsKk;> re;jdKk;> mfpYk;>
Fw;wkw;w

Kj;Jk;>

kzpAk;>

nghd;Dk;

Mfpaitfs;

,t;tstpd vd;W Kw;wTk; mse;J mwpatpayhJ Ftpj;Jf;

fplf;Fk; tsk; rpwe;Jk; fpilf;fpd;wd vd czh;j;Jk; top
gpw ehl;bypUe;J te;J thzpfj; njhopy; Nkw;nfhs;tJ
rpyk;gpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. rpyk;gpy;>

fyk;jU jpUtpd; Gyk;ngah; khf;fs;

Ntiy thYyfj;J tphpjpiug; gug;gpd;
$y kWfpy; nfhL vLj;J EtYk;
(rpyk;G 6:130-132)
vd;w mbfs; gy ehl;L kf;fSk; jpuz;L te;J tz;zkf;
nfhbfis

ehl;b

ahtUk;

fhZkhW

tpw;gid

nra;Js;sij tpsf;Ffpd;wd.

fapW jphpj;jy;:
fapW
gad;gLj;jpAs;sdh;.

my;yJ

jhk;G

goq;fhy

gad;gLj;jpajw;fhd
74

kf;fs;

rhd;WfSk;

fpilf;fpd;wd.

fd;Wfisf;

itj;Js;sdh;.

kd;dh;fs;

gpidj;J

Mah;fs;

ahidfis

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filtjw;Ff;

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Mah;

fapuhy

fl;b

fapw;why;

fl;b

Fyj;jth;

gad;gLj;jpAs;sdh;

japiu
vd;gij

rpyk;gpy;>

filfapWk; kj;Jk; nfhz;L

,il KJkfs; te;JNjhd;Wk; kd;
(rpyk;G 17:9-10)
vd;w mbfs; Rl;Lk;. Ky;iyg; ghl;by;>
rpWjhk;G njhLj;J griyf; fd;wpd;14

(Ky; :12)
vd;w mbAk;>
fapWgpzpf; nfhz;l ngUq;ifahid15

(Gwk; 3:10)
vd;w GwehD}w;wpd; ghlybAk; Rl;Lk;. ,t;thW fd;Wfisf;
fl;b itj;jJ Kjw;nfhz;L gy;NyW epiyfspy; kf;fs;
tho;f;ifapy; fapW gad;gLj;jg; ngw;Ws;sjhy; ,j;njhopy;
nra;Nthh;

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njhopYf;Fg;

fsTj;

gad;gLk;

njhopy;

fUtpahf

gad;gLj;jpAs;sdh; ,jid rpyk;gpy;>

75

nra;tjw;Fr;
fd;df;Nfhiy

ke;jpuk; nja;tk; kUe;Nj epkpj;jk;

je;jpuk; ,lNd fhyk; fUtp vd;W
(rpyk;G 16:166-167)
vd;w mbfs; %yk; czu KbfpwJ. fsTj; njhopypy;
<LgLgth;fs;

fd;df;Nfhy;

nfhz;L

nrd;why;

mtw;iw

mwpgth; ahUk; ,y;iy vd;gij rpyk;gpy;>

fUtp nfhz;L mth; mUk;nghUs; ifAwpd;

,Uepy kUq;fpy; ahh; fhz;fpw;ghh;?
(rpyk;G 16:186-187)
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njhopYf;F

E}yhfpa

nrd;Ws;sdh;.

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,th;fs;

cld;

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nfhz;L
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(kJiu:640)
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cs;s

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gpbj;Jf;

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,jdhy;

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tpsq;Fk;.

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Vzpia
rpyk;gpy;

,lk;ngw;Ws;s vl;Ltif fUtp> fd;df;Nfhy;> fitf;Nfhy;

gad;gLj;jpAs;sik tpsq;Fk;.
76

nfhy;Yiy:
nfhy;Yiyf;F

kpfTk;

NjitahdJ

ciyahFk; ciyG+kpf;F mbapy; mikf;fg; ngWk;. ,jpy;

,Uk;G jhJf;fis cUf;fp vOg;gpa gpd; cUf;fp vLj;j
fl;bfisf;

nfhz;L

nfhd;Ls;sij

Ntz;ba

nfhy;Yj;

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nfhy;Yiyahf Fwpf;fg; ngWfpd;wd. rpyk;gpy; CJciy

vd;w nrhy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ.

CJciy ctik:
CJ

ciyapid

JUj;jp

vd;W

Fwpg;gpLth;. CJ ciyapd; Kidapy; ,Ue;J tUk; jP

nre;jPapidg; Nghy ,Uf;Fk;. rpyk;gpy; fhjyiug; gphpe;j
khjh;fs; JUj;jpapd; KidapypUe;J tUfpd;w nre;ja
P pidg;
Nghy

nta;J

caph;j;J

neQ;rk;

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tpl;ldh;. ,jid>

fhjyh;g; gphpe;j khjh; Nehjf;

CJciyf; FUfpd; caph;j;jdh; xLq;fp
(rpyk;G 4:58-59)
vd;w

mbfs;

tpsq;Ftjd;

%yk;

CJ

ciyia

ctikahf gad;gLj;jpAs;sij czu KbfpwJ. Jd;g

khiyapy;>

fhjyw; fhz;fpNyd; fyq;fpNeha; ifkpFk;

(rpyk;G 18:12-13)
vd;w

mbapd;

fyq;FfpNwd;>

%yk;
Jd;gk;

mwpa

Kbfpd;wJ.

fl;Lflq;fhj
77

jhfpd;wJ.

cs;sk;
JUj;jp

Kid ntk;ikAk; Njhw;FkhW vd; neQ;rkhdJ moy; vO

caph;f;fpd;wJ vd Rl;Lk;.
kl;ghz;lj; njhopy;:
kl;ghz;lf;

fiy

vd;gJ

fhyj;jhy;

kpfTk; goik tha;e;jJ> kz;zyhd fUtpfs; midj;Jk;

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(rpyk;G 5:30)
vd;w

mb

tpsf;Fk;.

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gw;wpa nra;jp ,lk;ngWfpwJ. ,jid>

78

njhopy;

ty;Yeh;fs;

gl;bDk; kaphpDk; gUj;jp E}ypDk;

fl;Lk; Ez;tpidf; fhUfh; ,Uf;ifAk;
(rpyk;G 5:16-17)
vd;w mbfs; czh;j;Jk;.

cNyhfj; njhopy;:
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nfhz;L njhopy; nra;Ak; nfhy;yh;fs; ,Ue;jJ NghyNt
ntz;fyk;> nrg;G nra;Ak; fd;dh; ,Ue;Js;sdh; vd;gij
rpyk;gpy;>

fQ;rf; fhuUk; nrk;G nra;FeUk;

(rpyk;G 5:28)
vd;w

mb

Rl;Lk;.

mf;fhy

kf;fs;

cNyhfj;jhyhd

fUtpfis gad;gLj;jp te;Js;sik tpsq;FfpwJ

79

njhFg;Giu:
njhopy; kdpj tho;tpaNyhL njhlh;Gilajhf
,Ue;Js;sJ.

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njhopy;

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80

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mwpa

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81

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gy

gad;gLj;jp

tsh;r;rp>

khw;wq;fs;
te;j

ehfhPf

epfo;e;jhYk;

fUtpfs;

,d;Wk;

rpyf; fUtpfs; gadghl;by; caph; Jbg;Gld; kf;fspilNa

tho;e;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;wd.

96

JizE}w; gl;bay;
1.mhpkjpnjd;dtd;

GwehE}W fhl;Lk; GJikfs;

,yf;Fkp epiyak;>
10>fhrpk; fhgpj; njU>
,uhag;Ngl;il>
nrd;id.

2.,uhftd;.m

,irAk; ahOk;>
fiy E}w;gjpg;gfk;>
60>ngUkhs; Njh;j;njU>
ghisaq;Nfhl;il>
jpUney;Ntyp-2

3.,uhk Rg;gpukzpad; t.j

rpyg;gjpfhuk; %yKk;
ciuAk;>
jpUkfs; epiyak;>
16>ntq;fl;ehuazhNuhL>
jp.efh;>nrd;id-17

4.,sk;G+uzh; (c.M)

rhujh gjpg;gfk;>
6/16Njhg;GNtq;flryk;>
njU> ty;ypf;Nfzp>
nrd;id.
97

5.,iwaurd; gh.

jkpo; ehfhPf tuyhW>

G+k;Gfhh; gjpg;gfk;>
63>gpuhl;Nt>
nrd;id.

6.fe;ijahg; gps;is e.rp

nre;jkpo; mfuhjp>
fof ntspaPL>
nrd;id.

7.fofg;Gyth;fs;

fofj; jkpo; mfuhjp>

fof ntspaPL>
jpUney;Ntyp.

8.Re;juk; gp.vk; (nrh.ngh)

Mya topghl;by; ,ir

mwf;fl;lisr;nrhw;nghopT
jkpo; gy;fiyf;fofk;>
jQ;rT+h;.

9.Rg;gpukzpad; ng

ghpghly; %yKk; ciuAk;>

epA nrQ;#hp Gf; `T];>
41>rpl;Nfh>

98

10.jq;f fe;jrhkp

Nghhpay; md;Wk; ,d;Wk;

nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;;
fof ntspaPL>
ehde;jh gphpz;lh;];>
nrd;id.

11.jkpo; mfuhjp

(Tamil Lexicon)
nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofk;>
nrd;id>
1938.

12.jpthfu Kdpth;

Nre;jd; jpthfuk;>
jpUney;Ntyp njd;dpe;jpa
irtrpj;jhe;j E}w;gjpg;Gf;
fofk;>nrd;id-1

13.Jiu ,uhrhuhk;

FWe;njhif %yKk;
ciuAk;>
16>ntq;fl;ehuhahzh rhiy
jp.efh;>nrd;id-600107

14.Jiurhkpg;gps;is

GwehE}W %yKk; ciuAk;

fof ntspaPL
nrd;id

99

15.gpq;fye;ij vDk;

fof ntspaPL>

gpq;fy epfz;L

nrd;id>
1968.

16.ngUkhs; V.vd;

jkpoh; ,ir
cyfj; jkpohuha;r;rp
epWtdk;> bbb.[-jukzp
nrd;id-600113.

17.Nyhr;rd; vd;fpw

gQ;r kugpy; ,irkuG>

mq;faw;fz;zp ngh.rh

jkpo; gy;fiyf;fof
ntspaPL> jQ;rT+h;.

18.ntw;wpr; nry;tk;

,irapay;>
kzpthrfh; gjpg;gfk;>
8/7>rpq;fu; njU>
nrd;id.

19.Ntq;flrhkp ehl;lhh;

rpyg;gjpfhu %yKk;

e.K(c.M)

ciuAk;>
uhikah gjpg;gfk;>
nrd;id.

100

rNfhl aho;

nfhk;G

101

tPiz

KuR

102

Foy;

tpy;-mk;G

103

ths;

104

kj;J

cuy;-cyf;if

105