HVAC systems

Requirements:
Minimum space requirements
Minimum Duct work
Heating and Cooling

Central All Air Systems: Single

Duct, Variable Air Volume VAV
Components:
Boilers, Chimney, Chilled Water
Plant, Cooling Tower, Fan
Room, Outdoor Fresh Air and
exhaust louvers, vertical supply
and return ducts, Horizontal
supply and return ducts, VAV
box per Zone, Supply diffusers,
return grilles.
Advantage: Higher degree of
local temperature control
Disadvantage: One system
cannot account for
simultaneous heating and
cooling.

Central All Air Systems: Single

Duct, Constant Air Volume
(CAV)
Components:
Boilers, Chimney, Chilled Water
Plant, Cooling Tower, Fan
Room, Outdoor Fresh Air and
exhaust louvers, vertical supply
and return ducts, Horizontal
supply and return ducts, VAV
box per Zone, Supply diffusers,
return grilles.
Advantage: Higher degree of
control of air quality.

Disadvantage: Entire area is

single zone, no possibility fir
individual control.

Central Air and Water

Systems: Air Water Induction
System.
Components: Boilers and Chimney,
Chilled Water Plant, Cooling tower,
Fan room, outdoor fresh air and
exhaust louvers, vertical supply and
return ducts, horizontal supply and
return piping, condensate drainage
piping, air water induction units. Pipe
for condesate drainage.
Advantage: good local temperature
control, space requirement for
ductwork and fans less than that for
all air systems. No fans in occupied
spaces.
Disadvantage: Complicated to design,
install, maintain and manage. Noisy
and energy inefficient. Humidity
control not efficient.

Central All Water Systems:

Fan Coil Terminals
Components: Boilers and
Chimney, Chilled Water plant,
Cooling tower, vertical supply
and return piping, horizontal
supply and return piping,
condensate drainage piping,
fan coil terminals and outside
air grilles.
Advantage: No fan rooms or
ductwork spaces required in
the building. The temperature
of each space is individually
controlled.
Disadvantage: requires
considerable mainatanence,
most of which in the occupied
space of the building.

Central All Water Systems:

Closed Loop heat pumps
Components: Heat pump units,
boiler room, cooling tower. Supply
and return pipings, cooling tower,
boiler units.
Advantages: heat extracted from
overheated areas can be used to
heat underheated areas.
Disadvantages: Expensive system.
Maintanence required.