Egyptian Artefacts

1. Shabti figures-Shabtisare figures that are considered as Egyptian statuettes of servants.

These small statues are put inside the tomb so that they could serve the mummy during its
afterlife. They were Mummy-shaped so-called "answerers" because they would respond to a
summons to duty in the afterlife.

Shabti of Qeniherkhepeshef
From Dier el-Median, Thebes, Egypt
19th Dynasty, around 1210 BC
Made out of stone, and then painted

2. Canopic jars-Canopic jars are small hollow jars that were made to keep the internal organs
of the mummy and then those jars were kept inside the coffin with the mummy. They were
made in such a way so that they would each represent a. There were usually four Canopic
jars:

Imsety- The human-headed god looks after the liver.

Hapy- The baboon-headed god looks after the lungs

Duamutef- The jackal-headed god looks after the stomach.

Qebehsenuef-The falcon-headed god looks after the intestines.

From: Deir el-Bahari, Upper Egypt

Date: 21st Dynasty, 1069-945 BC
Made of clay

3. Sarcophagus- A sarcophagus is a stone coffin with special carvings, sculptures and or

inscription.

4. Amulets- An amulet is an ornament or small piece of jewellery which is usually worn to give
protection from evil, danger or disease. The Egyptians put an amulet in the coffin so that no
bad charms would be able to enter it.

5. Mummy labels- Mummy labels are tags that were often attached to the deceased

during the Graeco-Roman period so they could be identified. They had to label the
mummies during that period as there were too many deceased ones and it was hard
to remember who was in which coffin.

A limestone mummy label with the inscription

6. The pesesh- kaf- The pesesh- kef is a knife made out of stone which was touched to the
mummys mouth during the ritual called the Opening of the Mouth. The ritual ensured
that the deceased became fully alive in the tomb and in the afterlife.

From: prehistoric Naqada Period

Date: 4000-3500 BCE
Made from: flint, gold, carnelian, glass, or obsidian

7. Hypocephali- Hypocephali were amuletic disks with a diameter of about 15 cm made of

papyrus, generally mounted on cartonnage, stuccoed linen or, more rarely, of bronze.

From: Ptolemaic Period

Date: 4th to 3rd century BC
Made: Amuletic disks with a diameter of about 15 cm made of papyrus

8. Funerary Mask- Funerary masks were frequently used to cover the face of the deceased.
Generally their purpose was to represent the features of the deceased, both to honour them
and to establish a relationship through the mask with the spirit world.

From: the Middle Kingdom

Date: 9381630 BCE
Made from: cloth covered with stucco or plaster, gold, silver

9. Censers- The divine was associated with pleasant smells and therefore incense was burnt in
temples where it also hid the smell from the animal offerings.

The king offering incense

10. Netjeri blade- The netjeri (transliteration nTr.tj) was an adze-like instrument of metal, often
meteoric iron, used in the Opening-of-the-Mouth ritual.

The use of the netjeri-blade during the opening of the mouth ceremony