Small Signal Analysis of Boost Converter Utilizing V’ Control Technique’ Fengyan Wang’, Songrong Wu, Sianping Xu Dept. Of Blectical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031 PRChina Abstract: V? control technique of switching power converter is presented and analyzed in this paper. The small signal mode! and open-loop small signal transfer function of V? controlled switching power converters have been studied. As the example; the small signal performance analysis of V? controlled boost converter was performed, Keywords: switching converter, V? control, small signal mode! 1. ‘Introduction ‘With the developmiemt of VLSI, the operation speed of microprocessors has been increased nowbly. In the near future, the speed of microprocessors will approach 20 Gig. hertz, with operatin voltage lower than J volt Fast load changes presented “by high-speed’ microprocessors have drastically increaied the importance of transient response ‘of DC-to-DC power supplies, mmproved transient response may be obtained by using a linear regulator, but reduced cffigiency renders this Solution imprectical in high cuit applications. A conventional switching regulator will improve efficiency, but provides a much slower transient response and thus requires excessive capacitance at the load. To improve the load transient response, V* control technique was proposed. Analysis and simulation results show that V? control technique has much faster transient response than conventional current mode control or voltage mode control technigues. ‘The operation principle of V" contol techaique is deseribed in this paper. The small signal model of boost converter uilizing V* control technique was derived. ‘Based upon which, the small signsl characteristics of boost Tie work OF This papers Supported by National Science Foundation of China under Projet number SO077048 * Rerayon Wang, Eni: dug@sitcd.cn 0-7800-7547-592151.00.©2000 HEE ‘converter utilizing V? contro! technique was analysis. The analysis results show good agreement with the results| siven in (3). 2.Operation Principle of V" Control Technique Voliage-mode andlor curreat-mode control techniques are most popular control technique adopted to design switching power supply. Voltage-mode contr! teclanique uses output voltage as feedback control variable, it is thus casy 10 realize but with slow response speed. ‘Current-mode contro! technique uses both output voltage And inductor curent as feedback variables. thus it has higher response speed than voltage-mode control technique!" neehntor Fig! V! Contoted east converter The boost converter utilizing V*control technique is shown in Fig.» with its operation waveforms shown in Fig.2. From Fig.1 we can see that V® contro! technique has two feedback loops, Instead of feeding back the curent flowing through output filter inductor a8 ia current-mode technique, it feds back the voltage across the ESR of output filter capacitor. ie, the difference between V contol method and curentmode contol ‘methods that V? control method uses load ripple voltage ‘while curtentmode contol uses inductor current as feedback contol varithle.Time-domsin simulation results show that V? control method has much fister load transcat 17hresponse speed then current-mode method! Supe! uw Fig.2 Waveforms of V* control ‘The operation principle of V" control technique is described follow. At the begining ofeach ye, ach is eset by clock ple aod high-voltage evel is ouput hich wil tam on the power swich device Sty inpat voliage Mis thos applied across inductor, which makes the inductor cure nereae tinea! and the load eurent is corapleely enlace by te diechange cet of the capacior C, Assuming hat the oud cen icons, the up voltge wil decease ney. When volage Vi Tower than volige Ys, the output ofthe comparator willbe tur-overs which wll mae lath output ow-evel voltage the switching power device $1 wil thus be tume-of Within this operation mode, the indir eument is used not ény to mainin required load cust but also 10 charg the output iter copacitor C. which wil increase the pot volngewnil nen lock pulse reset he atch 10 begins new eye 3. Small Signal Model of Boost Converter Utilizing V? Control Technique 241 Transfer fuetion of contra Lop From Fig. we ean krow that wo cons oop us ouput variable as feedback variable, When the ESR of output fher capaci is considered. the output volugn Is vot contant but 2 varying yeisble. That we can get a Simplified ouput crt as shown in Fig. The, tlaion among, caput voliage y, se variable xy and i a8 below } icy Riu a a where Fe ”) RC RC Me K(s)=K Coonstam), Py < 100, (18) 10VzC = the open-loop gain of (15) ean be simplify as: GH) = curentemade controlled e wo ° Oe Frequency Ha) Fig6 Outpt impedance of V controled and ‘rent mode contlied boost converter ow T carrent-mode ‘contol 1" or 0° 0 o 0 ot Frequency (Hz) Fig,7 Input voltage susceptibility of V¥ controlled and curcent made coatrolled boost converter 3.4 Input voltage susceptibility and output impedance of V controlled boost converter From (12) we ean get the input voltage susceptibility and output impedance of V? controlled boost converter”! ‘As their expressions are Very complex, they are not givea here, Instead, the simulation results by using MATLAB ate given and compared with current-mode controlled boost convener as shown in Fig6 and Fig.7, from which wwe ean conclude thats 1) Within the frequency range we are concen. V? controlled boost converter has lower output impedance than current-mode controlled boost converter, this explains why V* controlled boost converter has faster load transient response speed than curent-mode contelled boost converte. 2) Within the ffequency range we are concer, V? controlled boost converter has lower input voltage Sensive than curtentmmode controlled boost convener. 3) “As the voltage across the ESR of filter capacitor is the inneroop feedback variable of V* controlled boost converter, comparing with voltage-mode and/or curent-mode contol technique, at higher frequency range, the output impedance of V* contolled boost comerter is not uniquely determined by the ESR of filter capacitor. 4. Conclusion ‘The small signal model of V? controlled boost 1714converter was derived by utilizing state space averaging and linearizing technique, based upon which, we obtained the open-loop transfer function, the "input voltage susceptibility funetion and the ouput impedance of V? controlled boost converter. By comparing them with ccurrent-mode contral boost converter, we can see that V* controlled boost converter has much lower output impedance and input voltage susceptibility than current ‘mode controlled boost converter, which result in a ‘uch faster load transient response speed ths mode controlled boost converter. Thus supports the study of [5]. References [1] RD. Middlebrook, “Topics in Multiple-Loop Regulators and Curtent-Mode Programming”, IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conference Record, 1985, volt pp. 716-7325 (2] Daniel M. Mitchell, “DC-DC Switching Regulator Analysis” , McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1988: Yie-Tone Chen: Dan Y, Chen» Yen-Pei Wu and Fu-yuan Shih,“ Small-Signal Modeling of Multiple-Output Forward Converters with Current-Mode Control”, IEEE Transactions on Power Blectronies, pp. 122-131, Jan. 1996: (4) S#Hsu, A.Brown, L.Rensink, RD Middlebrook; “Modeling and Analysis of Switching DC-to-DC Converters in Constant Frequency Current Programmed Mode”, IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conference Record, 1979, pp. 284-301: Fengyan Wang, Jiauping Xu, Songrong Wu. “Study ‘on the Controf Technique of Switching Power Supply” Electric Drive for Locomotives 2001, (3+ pp. 22-24 fe 6 1715