:

/


2007



.

.

.



) ( Shelter

) ( Microwave
) ( IR
) ( HDSL


( )

10

100 KHz
1 MHz

AM

1 MHz
100 MHz

FM

VHF

100 MHz
900 MHz

UHF

900 MHz

1800 MHz

GSM


PCS &DCS
11

 ( )

2 GHz 100
GHz

100 GHz
1000
(THz
)

)(IR

100 THz
10000
(THz
)

) (UV


)(PCB

THz 1000
(
)

) (X-Ray

DNA

12

ICNIRP
0.4 mW/Cm2 :
( - - - - - - - )

13

:
( )FCC

ANSI/IEEE ) (C951-1992
0.57 mW/Cm2

6 1993
0.57 mW/Cm2

14



10 MHz 3GHz

.


( )SAR Specific Absorption Rate
4W/Kg .
15



:




.


16

 )(ICNIRP
400-2000 MHz
f/2000 mW/Cm2
900 MHz
.0.45 mW/Cm2
)Equivalent wave power density (mW/Cm2

Frequency range

0.2

10-400 MHz

f/2000

400-2000 MHz

2-300 GHz

17



( )

50W :

18


) (Combiner
6 dB
.3dB
Total loss = 6 dB (for Combiner)+ 3 dB (for cable) = 9 dB

:
Maximum input power to the antenna = 53-9=44 dBm

19


) (Gain ( 16dB

17-16)
) (Main Beam
10 72
( )
20dB .

20


)Effective Isotropic radiated power (EIRP



) (Main Beam :

) (Other Directions

21

 :
EIRP
Standard IsotropicPowerDensity ( SIPD)
4D 2

) (D :
EIRP
D
)4 ( SIPD

22

 .1 :
0.57 mW/Cm2
EIRP
374 cm 3.74 m
2
) 4 (0.57mW / Cm

D main

.2 ICNIRP

0.4 mW/Cm2 :
EIRP
446 cm 4.46 m
) 4 (0.4mW / Cm 2

D main

23



2000
118
17

0.00083 mW/Cm2 60
0.01%
ICNIRP
.

24


: FM

0.2%
ICNIRP

) (COMAR
IEEE 2000
45

0.01mW/Cm2

0.084 mW/Cm2 .
25


(
)

50
0.001mW/Cm2
.

26

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS
BTS

BTS

BTS
BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

27

28

29





61


178
30

31

 :





32



)(GNP
( )GNP

33



)(NTRA
) (NTI

34



2000

.

( )

.2000
35



:




( )

( )

.2001
36


IR 2003





()

.2005
37

38

39

.1 .
.2 .

40

 :
()

41

 (
) 50

50

15

42

 15

43

12
44



:
) ( WHO
)( ANSI
)( IEC
)( ICNIRP
)(IEEE

0.4 mW/Cm2
45

46

47

48


( )

20

49

50

51


.



CDMA -
GSM900 - GSM1800

.2005

53



0.4 mW/Cm2

mW/Cm2
54

 2.5

2.5
55


.


.

7.5dB
:



15/11/2001