Scholarly articles

1) Hatton, E., & Trautner, M. (2011). Equal Opportunity Objectification? The Sexualization
of Men and Women on the Cover of Rolling Stone. Sexuality & Culture, 15(3), 256-278.
doi:10.1007/s12119-011-9093-2
A) This article revolves around the argument that popular media has become sexualized
and pornified as opposed to earlier times when compared to more recent trends. The
basis for the article revolves the use of the covers in Rolling Stone Magazine covers
from the years of 1967 to 2009. This is based on the analytical framework of the
gradual increase of sexual imagery used by the company over a set period of time
which gradually increased for both men and women. While the trend shows both men
and women it states that within the more recent years women have been hyper
sexualized and opposed to the men portions of the covers.
B) Since this article shows common ground on both men and women, both its opinion
and data will be very useful in explaining the growth and increased frequency of
sexuality in modern culture that can be compared to other point in time. It can also
further explain the marketing strategy used by Rolling Stones magazine to sell copies
such as the Star Wars covers that were produced with princess Leia. The increase of
more pornographic imagery endorsed and explained can give more of an insight as to
the rise of the playboy empire. While it expresses the use of celebrity musicians also
as a medium in there data.

2) Hatton, E., & Trautner, M. N. (2013). Images of powerful women in the age of choice
feminism. Journal Of Gender Studies, 22(1), 65-78. doi:10.1080/09589236.2012.681184
A) This article expresses feminism and the emergence of womens part on a broader cultural
backlash against the recent gains of the second feminist movement. It also expresses the
concerns regarding the increased power and how that was obtained through the
movement in society. With most of the article examining popular musicians in todays
music industry and again centered on Rolling Stones Magazine. It also expresses
concerns on the overall over sexualization that women are portraying to reach some on
these goals through various forms of media.
B) Since this article is based on around the feminist movement it will be easier to express the
womens side of how conservative women view recent ideology of empowerment. This is
especially true in the events that that have recently followed both online and in media
sources with celebrities and musicians. This also is especially true with the use of
imagery that has recently blown up regarding the racial connotation of the images used
with Kim Kardashian. This also adds a rebuttable to the many celebrities endorsing the
use and release of what is considered pornography imagery

3) ARUGUETE, M., GRIFFITH, J., EDMAN, J., GREEN, T., & MCCUTCHEON, L.
(2014). Body Image and Celebrity Worship. Implicit Religion, 17(2), 223-234.
doi:10.1558/imre.vl7i2.223
A) This article gathers data from college students and their relationship with celebrity
influence on body imagery with regards to sexualized imagery and eating habits. This
is based on both men and women on the areas of self-objectification and enjoyment of
being sexualized plus the eating habits as a result of such actions they observe. Which
based on the study men tend to worship celebrities that are the ideal representation of
a physically attractive in society and based there habit around that. This showed that
because of this men are most likely to develop eating disorders and become socially
awkward based on this body image.
B) This will help express the males perspective of sexualization through celebrities in
the modern age as opposed to the constant representation of women. Since most case
studies are always based around women and or famine ideals it will broaden the
spectrum of other effects the use of celebrities in media have on the male population.
This is true on both race and classes depending on what area you wish to explain
regarding physical beauty and the ideal male. This is especially true as I personally
walk around campus and here conversations among women which is especially true
as I wait for this specific research class.
4) Lewis, S., & Shewmaker, J. (2011). Considering Age and Gender: A Comparative
Content Analysis of Sexualization of Teen Celebrity Websites. International Journal Of
Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 5(12), 215-224.

A) This article centers on the both minor boys and girls in the music industry that have
been sexualized. The study focused mainly around two child musicians from the
Disney network Miley Cyrus and Nick Jonas which at the time of the study were of
the same age of 17 and a perfect area of study of the increasing sexualization of their
lives. This is based on what clothes they wore what they indorsed and the eventual
mimicry of porno categorized behavior on stage during recent years. This is then
compared to their adult counterparts of the same caliber when it came to their gradual
growth into adulthood.
B) This will help with many aspects of my paper as it expresses both views between men
and women and with the increase use of adolescent in sexualization in the media and
in society. This also helps express how children have recently been desensitized by
reoccurring ideals of what is provocative of not in society. This is true in recent years
with the over sexualization of both stars as they have reached adulthood and feel this
is normal behavior as to how they should show themselves as oppose to their younger
careers. Then I can compare this to other celebrities around the same age group and
show how they are similar of different from this ideal ology of celebrity interaction
with society.

5) Peterson, Z., & Lamb, S. (2012). The Political Context for Personal Empowerment:
Continuing the Conversation. Sex Roles, 66(11/12), 758-763. doi:10.1007/s11199-0120150-6

A) This is a nice biased paper that expresses both sides of the argument of the sexual
endorsement of young girls to express empowerment as women. It Expresses the
recent envision of empowered women and expresses if this is the correct image to
portray in society when compared to celebrities. This is also based on a feminist study
also which allows for a more closer representation as to what image should be
portrayed and what should be changed for the sake of imagery in society. This study
also goes into the notion that this image has connotations in every aspect in womens
ideals on empowerment based around the notion of subjective and political
empowerment that there representation as women might not be what it should be
stating the personal is political.
B) This will help express the womens point of view when it comes to the use of young
girls and their perception of the empowerment of being a women means to them. This
will also give more of an insight to the feminist movement and how the views of
empowerment changed or remained the same over the years. This will also express
the overall recent ideology seen by celebrities today especially in the music industries
of how society sees such actions. This is especially true with the recent friction seen
between celebrities because of such actions that are being portrayed between each
other.

Websites

1) Kelleher, K. (2010, June 1). Japan Likely To Reject Ban On Sexualization Of Minors
Playboy Model Jailed For Boob-Grope. Retrieved November 6, 2014, from
http://jezebel.com/5552458/japan-likely-to-reject-ban-on-sexualization-of-minorsplayboy-model-jailed-for-boob-grope
A) Japan wants to pass a bill that would put tight regulations on sexual imagery of
minors in comics and animation. Though it is most likely the bill will not be passed,
and the Tokyo government may have to deal with something similar coming their
way. A playboy model is being held in an Italian prison for letting two teenagers
touch her breast during a performance. The judge wants to keep her in there and says
its a good way to show some justice, but her lawyer says that the judge s biased
towards sexy women and says its unfair.
B) This will help to show that the sexualization of minors is major and that in order to
put regulations to it they are now having to pass laws. Japan is big for not being afraid
of showing sexual imagery or references in anything and can be targeted towards any
age group. This will show that women have become to objectify themselves in
manners that demean them to let others have their way with them. Seeing how she is
also an adult film star and has been accused to doing this to minors before, show her
insecurity and need to be a sex object in any way.

2) Baraki, B. (2014, March 3). Comment: The press are guilty of double standards on
child sexualisation. Retrieved November 6, 2014, from
http://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2014/03/03/comment-the-press-areguilty-of-double-standards-on-child-se
A) The press apparently condemns child sex abusers and are also guilty of double
standards, especially for permitting underage pageant girls to be publicized in the
same articles with provocative wording and pictures. Also a double standard with
women is being played out as well, by making them objects more than actual
human beings with phrases and words such as Sultry Vixen, leggy beauty, and
the most popular MILF. Images like this are also contributing to eating disorders
and bad body images for young girls. The media puts out messages of
objectifying and sexualizing girls instead of praising them for honors and
academic achievement that they may have accomplished, they basically deem
them.

B) This can be used to show that women in media are no longer being valued as
women, but yet sexual objects. They dont acknowledge women now a days for
being smart or what they discover or accomplish, yet instead as to who is sexier
and has the better body. It also will point out that media has contributed a big part
to objectifying women and making sex vixens rather than whom they truly are. It
will show that even older women whether they be married with children are also
being targeted to as which who is the most attractive and so on.

3) Taylor, J. (2012, October 9). The Disturbing Sexualization of Really Young Girls.
Retrieved November 15, 2014, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-jimtaylor/the-disturbing-sexualization_b_1948451.html
A) Pop culture is having a big influence on how young girls now a days view
themselves. Swimsuits that have become very revealing and clothes with barely
there coverage, instead of being stylish and covered for girls at certain ages.
Parents have a large contribution as well as to how they raise their daughters.
Mothers that dress themselves up to be sexy instead of conservative and are
constantly worrying about body image pass this message on to their daughters as
well. Fathers are just as equally guilty with magazines sexualizing women and
sports with cheerleaders that entice them. Kids are sponges and will absorb all of
this. This in the end will lead them t bad body image issues, unhealthy
relationships, and becoming uncomfortable with their own sexuality.
B) This will show how pop culture has greatly influenced how merchandise and
certain things are being presented to young kids. It will show that young girls now
a days are preferring to be more sexual rather than conservative due to their
surroundings and how overall media has presented it to them. It also will help to
show that even in their home life it has taken affect with mothers competing to be
just like the ones out in the media and fathers preferring women with a certain
sexual aura to them as well. This will also show that even clothing is now
becoming more sexy and revealing rather than stylish and classy. It also leads to
them in the future having problems with themselves in every aspect such as body
imagery, relationships, and being comfortable with their own sexuality with its
limits.

4) Trautner, M., & Hatton, E. (2011, December 30). Sociological Images. Retrieved
November 12, 2014, from http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2011/12/30/gendersexualization-and-rolling-stone/
A) In the past few decades Rolling Stone has been known for some racy covers. They
are also will know for sexualizing both men and women. In the past there would
not be so many covers of men being sexualized, but as if lately that as increased
somewhat. The magazine mainly sexualized the women especially in the 2000s
they began hyper sexualizing more than the men on their covers, where men are
still somewhat portrayed in sexual ways, but not nearly as close as the women.
Women come out half-naked, naked, or posing in very sexual and tempting ways,
whereas men are more clothed and very fashionable more than anything. The
Sudden increase in women being hyper sexualized is just the idea that in society
sex sells.
B) This will show that over the years the sexualization of men as increased more, but
definitely not as much as women. It shows hyper sexualization has potentially
increased in a society to prove that sex sells. It does graphically show that men
being more sexualized has made a significant increase, but it shows that women
are the objects being highly exploited in media and popular culture. Sending out
a message of body image and that being sexual is what society want out of a
women more than anything else.

Books

1) Gunter, B. (2014). Media and the sexualization of childhood (1st ed., Vol. 1, pp. 2-90).
New York: Routledge.
A) It surrounds itself with sexual themes targeted towards children. Everything from
toys, games, and clothing is being presented to children in sexual ways. Its raising
concerns amongst parents and politicians that this could lead to social and
psychological effects. Especially with premature sexuality being showed to them.
This could call for some very unwanted attention that they may not be seeking.
B) This will help to show that culture itself and big companies are now making it to
where young kids are being presented to a sexualized society. It will help in showing
that it has increased so much over the years that it has now become a big concern in
society and even with our government taking steps to help put a halt to sexualizing
children. Also will help to show that this affects a child socially and psychologically
which leads them to problems in the future that could possibly put them in harms
way. This will also help to show that consumers themselves have given in to the mass
media of sexualization and popularity of it.