Database

Database
DATA TYPE
Table
SQL
Select
Insert
Delete

Import Data

Table
Apa sih Table itu ?
Table adalah tempat untuk menyimpan data. Contohnya data barang
disimpan di table barang

Kenapa kita harus buat table ?

Karena kalau kita tidak buat table kita tidak dapat menyimpan data,
Jika tidak ada data yang disimpan data tidak dapat diproses.

Table Design example

Table Example (in Access)

Pada jendela database klik Table.
Klik dua kali create table in design view
Pada jendela table ketikan field-field table Barang beserta tipe
datanya, jangan lupa tentukan Kode_Barang sebagai Primary Key.
seperti gambar dibawah ini.

Table (save table on access)

Pilih File--> Save. Ketikan Nama Table, karena table ini berkaitan
dengan Barang
simpan dengan nama Tbl_Barang .
Table Barang sudah selesai dibuat. tutup table untuk membuat tabletable lainnya.

View Table in Access

Table Datatype in access

Microsoft Access data type

Data type (CREATETABLE)

ODBC SQL data type

BIGBINARY[1]

LONGBINARY

SQL_LONGVARBINARY

BINARY

BINARY

SQL_BINARY

BIT

BIT

SQL_BIT

COUNTER

COUNTER

SQL_INTEGER

CURRENCY

CURRENCY

SQL_NUMERIC

DATE/TIME

DATETIME

SQL_TIMESTAMP

GUID

GUID

SQL_GUID

LONG BINARY

LONGBINARY

SQL_LONGVARBINARY

LONG TEXT

LONGTEXT

SQL_LONGVARCHAR[2]
SQL_WLONGVARCHAR[3]

MEMO

LONGTEXT

SQL_LONGVARCHAR[2]
SQL_WLONGVARCHAR[3]

NUMBER (FieldSize= SINGLE)

SINGLE

SQL_REAL

NUMBER (FieldSize= DOUBLE)

DOUBLE

SQL_DOUBLE

NUMBER (FieldSize= BYTE)

UNSIGNED BYTE

SQL_TINYINT

NUMBER (FieldSize= INTEGER)

SHORT

SQL_SMALLINT

NUMBER (FieldSize= LONG INTEGER)

LONG

SQL_INTEGER

NUMERIC

NUMERIC

SQL_NUMERIC

OLE

LONGBINARY

SQL_LONGVARBINARY

TEXT

VARCHAR

SQL_VARCHAR[1] SQL_WVARCHAR[2]

VARBINARY

VARBINARY

SQL_VARBINARY

SQL
Sejarah SQL dimulai dari artikel seorang peneliti dari IBM bernama Jhonny
Oracle yang membahas tentang ide pembuatan basis data relasional pada
bulanJuni 1970. Artikel ini juga membahas kemungkinan pembuatan
bahasa standar untuk mengakses data dalam basis data tersebut. Bahasa
tersebut kemudian diberi
nama SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language).
Setelah terbitnya artikel tersebut, IBM mengadakan proyek pembuatan
basis data relasional berbasis bahasa SEQUEL. Akan tetapi, karena
permasalahan hukum mengenai penamaan SEQUEL, IBM pun
mengubahnya menjadi SQL. Implementasi basis data relasional dikenal
dengan System/R.
The acronym SEQUEL was later changed to SQL because "SEQUEL" was
a trademark of the UK-based Hawker Siddeley aircraft company.

Structure
The SQL language is subdivided into several language elements, including:
Clauses, which are constituent components of statements and queries. (In some cases, these are
optional.)[16]
Expressions, which can produce either scalar values, or tables consisting of columns and rows of
data.
Predicates, which specify conditions that can be evaluated to SQL three-valued logic
(3VL) (true/false/unknown) or Boolean truth values and which are used to limit the effects of
statements and queries, or to change program flow.
Queries, which retrieve the data based on specific criteria. This is an important element of SQL.
Statements, which may have a persistent effect on schemata and data, or which may
control transactions, program flow, connections, sessions, or diagnostics.
SQL statements also include the semicolon (";") statement terminator. Though not required on every
platform, it is defined as a standard part of the SQL grammar.

Insignificant whitespace is generally ignored in SQL statements and queries, making it easier to
format SQL code for readability.

Structure

Operator
Operator

Description

Example

Equal to

Author = 'Alcott'

<>

Not equal to (most DBMS also

accept != instead of <>)

Dept <> 'Sales'

>

Greater than

Hire_Date > '2012-0131'

<

Less than

Bonus < 50000.00

>=

Greater than or equal

Dependants >= 2

<=

Less than or equal

Rate <= 0.05

BETWEEN

Between an inclusive range

Cost BETWEEN 100.00 AND

500.00

LIKE

Match a character pattern

First_Name LIKE 'Will%'

IN

Equal to one of multiple possible

values

DeptCode IN (101, 103,

209)

IS or IS NOT

Compare to null (missing data)

Address IS NOT NULL

IS NOT DISTINCT FROM

Is equal to value or both are nulls

(missing data)

Debt IS NOT DISTINCT

FROM - Receivables

AS

Used to change a field name when

viewing results

SELECT employee AS
'department1'

Query
Query adalah 'permintaan data kita berupa bahasa bisnis, untuk
mengolah data dalam tabel(-tabel) menjadi satu informasi yangbisa
dimengerti.
DDL (Data Definition Language)
DML (Data Manipulation Language )

DDL
DDL digunakan untuk mendefinisikan, mengubah, serta menghapus
basis data dan objek-objek yang diperlukan dalam basis data,
misalnya tabel, view, user, dan sebagainya. Secara umum, DDL yang
digunakan adalah CREATE untuk membuat objek baru, USE untuk
menggunakan objek, ALTER untuk mengubah objek yang sudah ada,
dan DROP untuk menghapus objek. DDL biasanya digunakan oleh
administrator basis data dalam pembuatan sebuah aplikasi basis data.

DML
DML digunakan untuk memanipulasi data yang ada dalam suatu tabel.
Perintah yang umum dilakukan adalah:
SELECT untuk menampilkan data
INSERT untuk menambahkan data baru
UPDATE untuk mengubah data yang sudah ada
DELETE untuk menghapus data

Table user

username

passwd

tanggal_lahir

jml_transaksi

total_transaksi

Aris

6487AD5EF

09-09-1987

10.000

Budi

97AD4erD

01-01-1994

Charlie

548794654

06-12-1965

24

312.150

Daniel

FLKH947HF

24-04-1980

Erik

94RER54

17-08-1945

34

50.000

Simple Query
SELECT * FROM user
username

passwd

tanggal_lahir

jml_transaksi

total_transaksi

Aris

6487AD5EF

09-09-1987

10.000

Budi

97AD4erD

01-01-1994

Charlie

548794654

06-12-1965

24

312.150

Daniel

FLKH947HF

24-04-1980

Erik

94RER54

17-08-1945

34

50.000

Simple Query
SELECT * FROM user
username

passwd

WHERE total_transaksi = 0
tanggal_lahir

jml_transaksi

total_transaksi

Aris

6487AD5EF

09-09-1987

10.000

Budi

97AD4erD

01-01-1994

Charlie

548794654

06-12-1965

24

312.150

Daniel

FLKH947HF

24-04-1980

Erik

94RER54

17-08-1945

34

50.000

result
username

passwd

tanggal_lahir

jml_transaksi

total_transaksi

Budi

97AD4erD

01-01-1994

Daniel

FLKH947HF

24-04-1980

Simple Query
SELECT username FROM user WHERE jml_transaksi <
10 AND total_transaksi > 1000

result

username
Aris

passwd
6487AD5EF

tanggal_lahir
09-09-1987

jml_transaksi
6

total_transaksi
10.000

QUERY (example)
SELECT username
FROM user
WHERE jml_transaksi =
(
SELECT MAX(jml_transaksi)
FROM user
)

username
Erik

INSERT
INSERT INTO [NAMA_TABLE] ([DAFTAR_FIELD]) VALUES
([DAFTAR_NILAI])
CONTOH :
INSERT INTO TEST (NAMA, ALAMAT, PASSWORD) VALUES
('test', 'alamat', 'pass');

Update
UPDATE [NAMA_TABLE] SET [NAMA_KOLOM]=[NILAI]
WHERE [KONDISI]
CONTOH :
UPDATE Msuser set password="123456" where
username="abc"

Delete
DELETE FROM [nama_table] Where [KONDISI]
CONTOH :
DELETE FROM TEST WHERE NAMA='test';

LEFT JOIN Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
LEFT JOIN table2

ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
--SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
LEFT OUTER JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;

Left Join (table example)

CustomerID CustomerName

ContactName

Address

City

PostalCode

Country

Alfreds Futterkiste

Maria Anders

Obere Str. 57

Berlin

12209

Germany

Ana Trujillo Emparedados y

helados

Ana Trujillo

Avda. de la Constitucin 2222

Mxico D.F.

05021

Mexico

Antonio Moreno Taquera

Antonio Moreno Mataderos 2312

Mxico D.F.

05023

Mexico

OrderID

CustomerID

EmployeeID

OrderDate

ShipperID

10308

1996-09-18

10309

37

1996-09-19

10310

77

1996-09-20

Left Join (Query Example)

SELECT Customers.CustomerName, Orders.OrderID
FROM Customers
LEFT JOIN Orders
ON Customers.CustomerID=Orders.CustomerID
ORDER BY Customers.CustomerName;

Left Join Example

CustomerID
1
2
3

CustomerName
ContactName
Alfreds Futterkiste
Maria Anders
Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados Ana Trujillo
Antonio Moreno Taquera
Antonio Moreno

Address
City
PostalCode
Obere Str. 57
Berlin
12209
Avda. de la Constitucin 2222 Mxico D.F. 5021
Mataderos 2312
Mxico D.F. 5023

OrderID
10308
10309
10310

CustomerID
2
37
77

OrderDate
18/09/1996
19/09/1996
20/09/1996

CustomerName
OrderID
Alfreds Futterkiste
null
Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados 10308
Antonio Moreno Taquera
null

EmployeeID
7
3
8

ShipperID
3
1
2

Country
Germany
Mexico
Mexico

Right JOIN Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
RIGHT JOIN table2

ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
--SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
RIGHT OUTER JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;

Right Join (table example)

CustomerID CustomerName

ContactName

Address

City

PostalCode

Country

Alfreds Futterkiste

Maria Anders

Obere Str. 57

Berlin

12209

Germany

Ana Trujillo Emparedados y

helados

Ana Trujillo

Avda. de la Constitucin 2222

Mxico D.F.

05021

Mexico

Antonio Moreno Taquera

Antonio Moreno Mataderos 2312

Mxico D.F.

05023

Mexico

OrderID

CustomerID

EmployeeID

OrderDate

ShipperID

10308

1996-09-18

10309

37

1996-09-19

10310

77

1996-09-20

Right Join (Query Example)

SELECT Customers.CustomerName, Orders.OrderID
FROM Customers
RIGHT JOIN Orders
ON Customers.CustomerID=Orders.CustomerID
ORDER BY Customers.CustomerName;

Right Join Example

CustomerID
1
2
3

CustomerName
ContactName
Alfreds Futterkiste
Maria Anders
Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados Ana Trujillo
Antonio Moreno Taquera
Antonio Moreno

Address
City
PostalCode
Obere Str. 57
Berlin
12209
Avda. de la Constitucin 2222 Mxico D.F. 5021
Mataderos 2312
Mxico D.F. 5023

OrderID
10308
10309
10310

CustomerID
2
37
77

OrderDate
18/09/1996
19/09/1996
20/09/1996

CustomerName
OrderID
Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados 10308
NULL
10309
NULL
10310

EmployeeID
7
3
8

ShipperID
3
1
2

Country
Germany
Mexico
Mexico

Inner JOIN Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
INNER JOIN table2

ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
---

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;

Inner Join (table example)

CustomerID CustomerName

ContactName

Address

City

PostalCode

Country

Alfreds Futterkiste

Maria Anders

Obere Str. 57

Berlin

12209

Germany

Ana Trujillo Emparedados y

helados

Ana Trujillo

Avda. de la Constitucin 2222

Mxico D.F.

05021

Mexico

Antonio Moreno Taquera

Antonio Moreno Mataderos 2312

Mxico D.F.

05023

Mexico

OrderID

CustomerID

EmployeeID

OrderDate

ShipperID

10308

1996-09-18

10309

37

1996-09-19

10310

77

1996-09-20

Inner Join (Query Example)

SELECT Customers.CustomerName, Orders.OrderID
FROM Customers
INNER JOIN Orders
ON Customers.CustomerID=Orders.CustomerID
ORDER BY Customers.CustomerName;

Inner Join Example

CustomerID
1
2
3

CustomerName
ContactName
Alfreds Futterkiste
Maria Anders
Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados Ana Trujillo
Antonio Moreno Taquera
Antonio Moreno

Address
City
PostalCode
Obere Str. 57
Berlin
12209
Avda. de la Constitucin 2222 Mxico D.F. 5021
Mataderos 2312
Mxico D.F. 5023

OrderID
10308
10309
10310

CustomerID
2
37
77

OrderDate
18/09/1996
19/09/1996
20/09/1996

CustomerName
OrderID
Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados 10308

EmployeeID
7
3
8

ShipperID
3
1
2

Country
Germany
Mexico
Mexico

Advance SQL
Easiest Tutorial Step by step
http://www.w3schools.com/sql/default.asp?PHPSESSID=300ae3404d5fa2612
f238abeebb8869c